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This paper assesses the relationship between economic resilience in English regions and the allocation of the UK government’s Community Renewal Fund (CRF). The CRF is part of the government’s ‘Levelling Up’ agenda to address place-based inequalities. Economic resilience is measured using a composite index comprising productivity, skills, unemployment, population density and household income. Data were obtained for the five indicators at local authority (LA) level in England. Regional resilience scores were produced by calculating the weighted mean score of the constituent LAs. Regional resilience values were used to generate an ‘expected share’ funding allocation, which was compared with the actual allocation using differences and correlation. Regional resilience scores ranged from 28.5 (North East) to 66.6 (London). A total of £125.56 million was allocated in the first round of the CRF. All regions in the North received less than their expected share allocation of the CRF, with the least resilient region in England (North East) receiving £13.4 million less. The South West received £9.9 million more than their expected share. All regions in the North of England received less than their expected share allocation of the CRF. There was no significant correlation between resilience values and CRF allocations (r = −0.16, p = 0.68). The current method for CRF allocation may therefore widen existing inequalities rather than ‘level up’.

The authority to carry out foreign relations lies on the Central Government. However, the Regional Government can also establish relations with other regions abroad. This paper reviews the boundaries between regional and central authorities when conducting foreign relations within the conceptual framework of the regional autonomy in Indonesia. This paper attempts to answer two problems formulation, namely: first, what are the limits of regional authority to conduct foreign relations? Second, is the form of foreign relations carried out by the regions recognized internationally? By using statutory and conceptual approaches, this paper presents a normative research using the perspective of constitutional law and international law. Based on the research and discussion, the following conclusions are drawn: first, regional authority in conducting foreign relations is formulated as part of the implementation of concurrent government affairs by the regions, the implementation of which is based on the limits of authority, namely: general limits and minimum limits. Second, according to international law, foreign relations actions by the regions are considered valid, with references to customary international law, agreements that have been made, and the state responsibility for foreign relations particularly on actions conducted by the regional bodies.Keyword: Regions; Government Affairs; Foreign Relations; International Law AbstrakKewenangan menyelenggarakan hubungan luar negeri merupakan kewenangan Pemerintah Pusat. Namun, Pemerintah Daerah juga dapat melakukan hubungan dengan daerah lain di luar negeri. Tulisan ini mengulas mengenai batasan-batasan antara kewenangan daerah dan pusat ketika melakukan hubungan luar negeri dalam kerangka konsep otonomi daerah di Indonesia. Tulisan ini mencoba menjawab dua rumusan masalah, yaitu: pertama, bagaimana batasan kewenangan daerah untuk melakukan hubungan luar negeri? Kedua, apakah bentuk hubungan luar negeri yang dilakukan oleh daerah diakui secara internasional? Dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, tulisan ini menyajikan suatu penelitian normatif dengan menggunakan kacamata hukum tata negara dan hukum internasional. Berdasarkan penelitian dan pembahasan, dihasilkan kesimpulan sebagai berikut: pertama, kewenangan daerah dalam melakukan hubungan luar negeri dirumuskan sebagai bagian pelaksanaan urusan pemerintahan konkuren oleh daerah, yang pelaksanaannya berdasarkan pada batasan-batasan kewenangan, yaitu: batasan umum dan batasan minimum. Kedua, menurut hukum internasional, tindakan hubungan luar negeri oleh daerah juga dianggap sah, dengan mengacu pada hukum kebiasaan internasional, perjanjian yang telah dibuat, dan adanya tanggung jawab negara atas tindakan hubungan luar negeri oleh daerah.Kata-kata Kunci: Daerah; Urusan Pemerintahan; Hubungan Luar Negeri; Hukum Internasional

Over the past decade there has been renewed interest in the role of industrial strategy in enhancing innovation, productivity, and competitiveness within and across firms, sectors and regions with an eye to fostering more balanced regional economic growth. This special issue explores how policymakers could adopt place-based industrial policy measures to foster regional catch up and a more balanced and cohesive regional growth. In doing so, the papers are a mix of contributions that develop theory, provide evidence and highlight ‘state of the art’ or good practice that can inform a level playing field fostering regional industrial strategy.

В настоящее время мероприятия по повышению эффективности системы здравоохранения являются ключевыми в формировании политики во всех регионах Российской Федерации. При этом основное внимание уделяется усилению отдачи от имеющихся ресурсов. Цель исследования − оценка уровня финансирования региональных систем оказания медицинской помощи населению и оплаты труда работников здравоохранения - направлена на получение новых знаний по рассматриваемой проблеме. В процессе рассматривались такие показатели, как стоимость оказания медицинской помощи в расчете на каждого жителя региона; инвестиции в основной капитал медицинских организаций, приходящиеся на каждого жителя региона; затраты на оплату труда в расчете на одного работника системы медицинского обслуживания; соотношение средних значений оплаты труда в сфере медицины по региону и среднерегиональных величин оплаты труда. Авторская методика основывается на официальных статистических данных и связана с разработкой математических моделей. Результаты работы показали, что в среднем по стране стоимость оказания медицинской помощи составляет 19,8 тыс. руб. на одного жителя, соответствующие инвестиции − 3,2 тыс. руб. в год. Средний уровень оплаты труда в здравоохранении не отличается от региональных значений. Результаты работы могут быть использованы при подготовке предложений по улучшению медицинской помощи населению в регионах. При этом особое внимание должно уделяться преодолению сложившихся в настоящее время диспропорций в экономических показателях региональных систем здравоохранения, в частности повышению заработной платы медицинских работников для преодоления имеющегося во многих регионах дефицита кадров соответствующих организаций. Currently, measures to improve the efficiency of the healthcare system are key in shaping policy in all regions of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the main focus is on increasing the return on available resources. The purpose of the study was to assess the level of financing of regional systems of providing medical care to the population and remuneration of health workers. Our research is aimed at obtaining new knowledge on the problem under consideration. The paper considers such indicators as the cost of providing medical care for each resident of the region; investments in the fixed capital of healthcare organizations for each resident of the region; labor costs per employee of the medical care system; ratio of average wages in the field of medicine in the region and regional average wages. The author's methodology is based on official statistical data and associated with the development of mathematical models. The results of the work showed that the average cost of medical care in the country is 19,8 thousand rubles per inhabitant, the corresponding investments reached 3,2 thousand rubles per year. The average level of remuneration in healthcare did not differ from regional values. The results of the work can be used to prepare proposals for improving medical care for the population in the regions. At the same time, special attention should be paid to overcoming the current imbalances in the economic indicators of regional health systems - in particular, to increase the salaries of medical workers in order to overcome the shortage of personnel of healthcare organizations in many regions.

Abstract Raised blood pressure (BP) is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Yet, its global prevalence is increasing, and it remains poorly detected, treated, and controlled in both high- and low-resource settings. From the perspective of members of the International Society of Hypertension based in all regions, we reflect on the past, present, and future of hypertension care, highlighting key challenges and opportunities, which are often region-specific. We report that most countries failed to show sufficient improvements in BP control rates over the past three decades, with greater improvements mainly seen in some high-income countries, also reflected in substantial reductions in the burden of cardiovascular disease and deaths. Globally, there are significant inequities and disparities based on resources, sociodemographic environment, and race with subsequent disproportionate hypertension-related outcomes. Additional unique challenges in specific regions include conflict, wars, migration, unemployment, rapid urbanization, extremely limited funding, pollution, COVID-19-related restrictions and inequalities, obesity, and excessive salt and alcohol intake. Immediate action is needed to address suboptimal hypertension care and related disparities on a global scale. We propose a Global Hypertension Care Taskforce including multiple stakeholders and societies to identify and implement actions in reducing inequities, addressing social, commercial, and environmental determinants, and strengthening health systems implement a well-designed customized quality-of-care improvement framework.

In the past decade there have been a series of articles on the status of Triple, Quadruple and N-Tuple Helices. In responding to the most recent of these from Leydesdorff and Lawson Smith (2022), this article examines the respective status of the Triple and Quadruple Helix as the scientific basis of the Research and Innovation Strategies related to Smart Specialisation (RIS3) and as the foundation of the Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP). In conducting this examination, the article draws attention to the strengths of the Triple Helix Model, the communication overlay, fourth selection environment and associated ecology of the meta-stabilisation it posits not as the Quadruple Helix, but N-Tuple helices of a higher-order policy model. That policy model which stands high in terms of the status it commands as a regime governing the transition to a next-order system. To a next-order system whose governing regime commands this heightened status as the model policy for nation-states to adopt in sustaining the economic growth of regions.

Darnus vystymasis – viena pagrindinių diskutuojamų temų nacionaliniu, regioniniu ir pasaulio mastu. Darnumo vertinimas aktualus ir regionų vystymuisi. Kaip numato Lietuvos nacionalinė darnaus vystymosi strategija, darnus regionų vystymasis yra vienas iš darnaus vystymosi tikslų. Tačiau Lietuvos atveju dažnai regionų vystymosi vertinimas remiasi tik aprašomąja pavienių rodiklių analize, o apibendrintas vertinimas taikomas retai. Todėl šio straipsnio tikslas – pritaikyti sudėtinį darnumo indeksą Lietuvos regionų – apskričių – vystymuisi įvertinti. Tyrimo objektas – 4 Lietuvos regionai: 2 regionai, kurių didžiausias (Klaipėdos, Vilniaus) ir 2 – mažiausias (Marijampolės ir Tauragės) BVP vidurkis per visą 2000-2010 laikotarpį. Analizuoti darnumo rodikliai buvo normalizuoti, perskaičiuojant juos į T balus ir suvienodinant jų kryptis. Sudėtinis indeksas apskaičiuotas lygių svorių principu įtraukiant visus subindeksus, kurie savo ruožtu lygių svorių principu buvo sudaryti iš atitinkamų rodiklių. Rezultatai parodė, kad regionai vystėsi gana netolygiai. Visuose analizuojamuose aspektuose (ekonomika, aplinka, sveikata, socialinė aplinka) pažanga stebima tik Vilniaus apskrityje. Tuo tarpu Tauragės apskrityje situacija tik prastėjo, nors šio regiono geriausia aplinkos būklė. Vis dėlto, nors lyginamų regionų BVP/1 gyv. skyrėsi net kelis kartus, bendras vystymosi rodiklis taip labai nesiskyrė. Tyrimas parodė, kad ne vien ekonominiai aspektai yra aktualūs vertinant vystymosi eigą, tačiau labiau ekonomiškai išsivystę regionai vis dėlto vystėsi tolygiau ir darniau. Sustainable development has become one of the most discussed issues on national, regional and international levels. Together with policy development, the need to assess the current situation and the achieved progress in sustainability has arisen. In Lithuania integrated evaluations of sustainability are rather rare, therefore this paper aims to apply composite index for Lithuanian regions - counties. Research focuses on four regions of Lithuania: ones with the highest and with the lowest GDP values over the period of 2000-2010. The analysed indicators were normalized calculating T values and recalculating some of indicators to have them in the same direction and applying equal weight basis approach. The results reveal rather different development of selected regions. In all areas analysed (economy, environment, health and social issues) Vilnius County has improved most. Meanwhile situation in Tauragė region has only worsened. Though not only economic issues are important then assessing the development course, regions with higher economic development favour in general and their development is more stable and sustainable.

Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press. Studying white matter connections with tractography is a promising approach to understand the development of different brain processes, such as proprioception. An emerging method is to use functional brain imaging to select the cortical seed points for tractography, which is considered to improve the functional relevance and validity of the studied connections. However, it is unknown whether different functional seeding methods affect the spatial and microstructural properties of the given white matter connection. Here, we compared functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography, and manual seeding of thalamocortical proprioceptive tracts for finger and ankle joints separately. We showed that all three seeding approaches resulted in robust thalamocortical tracts, even though there were significant differences in localization of the respective proprioceptive seed areas in the sensorimotor cortex, and in the microstructural properties of the obtained tracts. Our study shows that the selected functional or manual seeding approach might cause systematic biases to the studied thalamocortical tracts. This result may indicate that the obtained tracts represent different portions and features of the somatosensory system. Our findings highlight the challenges of studying proprioception in the developing brain and illustrate the need for using multimodal imaging to obtain a comprehensive view of the studied brain process.

At the intersection of regional and innovation studies, trademark research is producing stylized facts, methodological lessons and policy insights underlining the importance of softer intangible assets for regional resilience and growth. Despite all the recent attention, there are still several opportunities that the present agenda-framing piece tries to canvas, identifying at least two directions for further research: the geography of innovation/entrepreneurship and regional specialization/diversification. Not only do these emerge from a dedicated special issue in Regional Studies (to which this paper also serves as an editorial), but they also unfold in emerging research and policy trajectories.

Received May 6, 2022; accepted September 20, 2022. Дата поступления 6 мая 2022 г.; дата принятия к печати 20 сентября 2022 г. Relevance. In recent years, the role of ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) bonds has been rapidly growing in the world. ESGs are used to raise funds for programs for sustainable development of territories. Research objective. The paper studies the cases of Russian regions using green bonds and considers the prospects of this tool in the Russian context. Data and Methods. The analysis focuses on the debt indicators of Russian regions and related budgetary indicators based on open source data from the Ministry of Finance, the Treasury, and independent rating agencies. The methods of comparative and retrospective analysis are used to identify the state and features of regional debt policy. Results. Our analysis of the debt policy of Russian regions and megacities shows a low level of their activity in the stock market as issuers of bonds. This can be explained by the complexity of the system of subnational finances and the role of the Federation in preventing default situations, and therefore the priority use of budget loans. The city of Moscow was a pioneer in this matter in Russia. This determines the uniqueness of Moscow’s experience in implementing debt policy. Conclusions. The expansion of the green bond practice will allow Russia to move forward in achieving the goals of ESG agenda, which, despite the largescale sanctions imposed on Russia at the moment, still remains relevant. Актуальность. В последние годы в мире стремительно растет роль ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) облигаций. ESG используются для сбора средств на программы устойчивого развития территорий. Цель исследования. В статье исследуются кейсы использования «зеленых» облигаций российскими регионами и рассматриваются перспективы использования этого инструмента в российских условиях. Данные и методы. Основное внимание в анализе уделяется долговым показателям регионов России и связанным с ними бюджетным показателям на основе открытых данных Минфина, Казначейства и независимых рейтинговых агентств. Для выявления состояния и особенностей региональной долговой политики используются методы сравнительного и ретроспективного анализа. Результаты. Наш анализ долговой политики российских регионов и мегаполисов показывает низкий уровень их активности на фондовом рынке как эмитентов облигаций. Это можно объяснить сложностью системы субнациональных финансов и ролью Федерации в предотвращении дефолтных ситуаций, а значит, приоритетным использованием бюджетных кредитов. Пионером в этом вопросе в России была Москва. Это определяет уникальность опыта Москвы в реализации долговой политики. Выводы. Расширение практики зеленых облигаций позволит России продвинуться вперед в достижении целей ESG-повестки, которая, несмотря на масштабные санкции, наложенные на Россию в настоящий момент, по-прежнему остается актуальной. 现实性：近年来，ESG（环境、社会和治理）债券的作用已迅速增 长。ESG 为可持续发展项目筹集资金。 研究目标：本文研究了俄罗斯地区使用“绿色”债券的案例，并讨论了 在俄罗斯背景下使用该工具的前景。 数据与方法：分析的重点是俄罗斯各地区的债务指标和相关预算指标， 其依据是财政部、联邦国库和独立评级机构的公开数据。识别区域债务 政策状态和特征，需运用比较和回顾分析法。 研究结果：我们对俄罗斯地区和超级城市的债务政策的分析表明，他们 作为债券发行人在股票市场上的活动水平很低。这可能因为地方财政系 统的复杂性，或者联邦因防止违约情况发生因此优先使用预算贷款。在 这个问题上，莫斯科是俄罗斯的先驱。这决定了莫斯科在实施债务政策 上有独特经验。 结论：绿色债券的扩大将使俄罗斯能够推进ESG议程。尽管目前俄罗斯 经受了广泛的制裁，但该议程仍然具有现实意义。 The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation GrantNo. 22-28-20117. Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ № 22-28-20117, https://rscf.ru/project/22-28-20117. 該研究得到俄羅斯科學基 金會第 22-28-20117 號 資助.

Gastronomy and food production and preparation in certain areas reflect the cultural and traditional characteristics of people who live there. Vojvodina is characterized by a variety of cuisines of the people who lived and still live in this area. This study will attempt to depict the differences in the production of agricultural and food products in Vojvodina's households, as well as the basics for the preservation of authenticity and traditional values of gastronomy. The aim of this work is to examine the representation of agricultural and food production in counties of Vojvodina and which county has the most potential to attract food-oriented tourists. The research is conducted through a survey questionnaire among the residents of Vojvodina. The re-search is conducted from October 2020 to May 2021. 619 respondents took part in the research. The data collected were processed by applying descriptive statistics, which are then presented tabularly and graphically. This research concludes that traditional values in Vojvodina are preserved through pro-duction of agricultural and food products inside this area. The south part of Bačka has the most potential for the development of tourism, while the production of agricultural and food products is widely represented in central Banat, west parts of Bačka and Srem.

В статье рассматриваются методические подходы к анализу стратегий социально-экономического развития, выделены три группы исследований данной проблематики. Представлена авторская методика анализа стратегий социально-экономического развития регионов РФ с учетом инновационной компоненты с использованием системы показателей количественной оценки, позволяющая выделить типы регионов по уровню инновационного развития с учетом эффектов концентрации региональных ресурсов., The article discusses methodological approaches to the analysis of socio-economic development strategies, identifies three groups of studies of this problem. The author's methodology for analyzing the strategies of socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation, taking into account the innovation component, using a system of quantitative assessment indicators, which allows identifying the types of regions by the level of innovative development, taking into account the effects of concentration of regional resources.

В статье впервые в отечественной историографии строительство буферного государства анализируется через призму отношений Центр — регионы в рамках политической и исторической регионалистики. При исследовании использованы системный и структурный методы. Автор сконцентрировал своё внимание на практиках и проблемах взаимоотношений Центра и регионов, общего состояния и управленческих возможностей государства. Применительно к Дальневосточной республике (ДВР) следует говорить о нескольких уровнях иерархии власти: Москва (ЦК РКП(б), СНК, НКИД) и её «передаточное звено» Сиббюро ЦК РКП(б) и Сибревком выступали в качестве Центра относительно столицы ДВР (Дальбюро, правительство, Совет министров ДВР), а последняя в этом же качестве — для областных властей (губкомы, губбюро, облкомы РКП(б), областные нарревкомы (управления)), на местах управление осуществлялось через низовые структуры: уездные, городские, волостные и т.д. В ДВР фактически воспроизводились имперские и постреволюционные структуры власти с отличием, заимствованным из практики Советской России: партийные органы большевиков, претендовавшие на руководящую роль, дублировали государственные на всех уровнях иерархии. Стремление столицы ДВР устанавливать свои правила, проводить свои решения, при этом не предоставляя регионам ресурсы (финансы, кадры) и информацию (ответы за запросы, законы, инструкции) или давая их в недостаточном количестве, вызывало недовольство региональных властей (партийных и государственных) и необходимость принятия ими самостоятельных решений. Последнее Центром рассматривалось как уклонение от партийной линии и сепаратизм (местничество, партизанщина и пр.). На основе анализа значительного корпуса источников автором делается вывод, что попытка большевиков выстроить вертикаль власти в ДВР наталкивалась на острый дефицит финансов и кадров, была затруднена плохой связью с регионами из-за нарушений работы транспорта и почты, обострением ситуации на Восточном фронте и необходимостью ведения войны., In the article, for the first time in Russian historiography, the construction of a buffer state is analyzed through the prism of relations between the center and the regions within the framework of political and historical regional studies. The study used systemic and structural methods. The author focused his attention on the practices and problems of relations between the Center and the regions, the general state and managerial capabilities of the state. With regard to the FER, it is necessary to speak about several levels of the hierarchy of power: Moscow (Central Committee of the RCP(b), Council of People's Commissars, Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and its “transmission link” of the Sibburo of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) and Sibrevkom acted as the Center in relation to the capital of the FER (Verkhneudinsk, Chita — Dalburo, the government and the Council of Ministers of the FER), and the latter in relation to the regional authorities (gubernia committees, province bureaus, regional committees of the RCP(b), regional narrevkoms (departments)), followed by grassroots structures — county, city, volost, etc. In the FER, the imperial and post-revolutionary structures of power were actually reproduced with distinction borrowed from the practice of Soviet Russia, the Bolshevik party committees, which claimed a leading role, duplicated the state ones at all levels of the hierarchy. The desire of the capital of the Far East to establish its own rules, to carry out its decisions, while not providing the regions with resources (finances, personnel) and information (answers to requests, laws, instructions) or giving them in insufficient quantities, caused dissatisfaction with the regional authorities (party and state) and the need for them to make independent decisions, the latter was considered by the Center as deviation from the party line and separatism (parochialism, partisanism, etc.). Based on the analysis of a significant body of sources, the author came to the conclusion that the attempt of the Bolsheviks to build a vertical of power in the Far East faced an acute shortage of finances and personnel, poor communication with the regions due to disruptions in transport and mail, an aggravation of the situation on the Eastern Front and the need to wage war.

COVID-19 is mostly considered to have ravaged places with high levels of inequality and poverty. Yet, in the case of Europe, the evidence for this is limited. In this paper we address this gap in our knowledge by exploring how regional variations in poverty, wealth, and inter-personal inequality have shaped COVID-19-related excess mortality. The results show that during the first 18 months of the pandemic there is no link between inequality and poverty, on the one hand, and the lethality of the disease, on the other. The geographical concentration of wealthy people is related to more, not less, excess mortality.

The article considers some indicators of the widespread social phenomenon in Russia - labor migration, which, according to the data for 2019, involves about 2.9 million Russians, or 4% of the employed population. These are internal labor migrants who temporarily work outside their regions. This type of labor migration of Russians has common features with temporary employment in the United States, Canada, and Australia (long distance commuting - LDC), fly-in/fly-out - FIFO). The empirical basis of the article consists of the statistical data (results of the labor force survey by the Federal State Statistics Service for 2011-2019) and the results of sociological research conducted in the region with a high level of shift employment - the Republic of Bashkortostan - in 2015-2019. The statistical data prove regional differences in the Russian shift employment: the majority (72%) of internal labor migrants live in a third of the regions with high and medium levels of temporary labor migration; in some regions, the level of temporary labor migration decreases. The sociological data show different involvement in shift employment depending on place of residence, gender and age, marital status and level of education. The same social-territorial and social-demographic features are evident at the national level. At the federal level, internal labor migration, as a tool for social-economic development, helps to solve the problem of labor shortage in certain areas and sectors of economy; therefore, such labor migration is supported by legal acts. At the regional level, it decreases the labor and demographic potential of the regions that provide labor migrants. To preserve the economic and demographic potential and to strengthen the competitiveness of such regions, we need to develop regional labor markets and labor mobility within regions.

Summary Organic agriculture is a food production system that sustains the health of people, soils and ecosystems with no adverse consequences, combining tradition, innovation and science. The development of such type of agricultural production, from its beginnings to the present day, has encompassed a number of specific stages both in Serbia and worldwide. Accordingly, the purpose of this survey study is to present the developmental course of organic agricultural production in Serbia and worldwide. The paper also summarises the state of organic plant production across different regions of Serbia, arguing that the Serbian organic production has been increasing since the 1990s. Following the political changes in Serbia in 2000, foreign donations, investments and organisations have significantly enhanced the country’s organic production sector as a whole. The largest number of organic producers (1/3) and the largest areas devoted to organic farming are concentrated in Vojvodina.

— The influence of economic crises in the post-Soviet history on the state of the environment is manifested in different directions and unevenly across regions. During crises, the dependence of pollution indicators on changes in GDP (GRP) and industrial production is higher than during periods of economic growth. During crisis years, there was a decrease in industrial pollution, the volume of atmospheric emissions and polluted wastewater, and, to a lesser extent, water consumption; conversely, vehicle emissions, the volume of toxic waste, the area of disturbed lands, and forest fires do not depend on the change in GRP. Only specific pollution parameters increase during crises. The integral index of anthropogenic impact depends less on the GRP dynamics than some indicators of the load on the natural environment. With a general trend towards a decrease in environmental stress, the group of regions with a critical level of impact is characterized by the greatest stability, while the group of regions with an insignificant level of pressure on the natural environment contracts. Differences in the sanitizing role of crises are due to their duration, depth, and structural features, as well as the mitigating effect of government support measures. The systemic crisis of the 1990s led to a reduction in all indicators, affecting 90% of regions, while the financial crises of 1998 and 2008–2009 affected 70% of regions, and the crises of 2014–2015 and 2020, 30–60%. Despite the fact that for the country as a whole, the dependence of the level of pollution on the level and dynamics of economic development is weakening, with each new crisis, there is an increasing number of regions where the environmental state continues to deteriorate despite the economic downturn.

The reviewed research is devoted to the development of methodological approaches to assessing the scientific and technological specialization of the regions of the Russian Federation.

The relevance of the topic is due to the need to anticipate the risks of sustainable development of the regions of Belarus. Purpose: risk assessment of the sustainable development of the regions of Belarus. Methods – analysis, synthesis, comparisons, rankings, tabular, graphical. Results of work: study of comparative methodological approaches to assessing the risks of sustainable development of regions. Adaptation of methods of regional risk ranking to the plane of their quantitative measurement. Development of a methodological approach to ranking potential threats to spatial development based on average values. Identification of the most significant types of risks that limit the possibilities of sustainable development of territories. Conclusions: the analysis of the literature sources revealed the advantages and disadvantages of methodological approaches to assessing the risks of sustainable development of regions. Structuring and quantitative assessment of the risks of sustainable development of the territories of Belarus allowed us to solve two main tasks: to identify the most problematic areas of development of the regions and rank them based on the identified factors. A register of risks of sustainable spatial development has been compiled, which allows specifying the directions of their prevention in the context of the studied territories.

The article presents an argument for participation of federative units in the formation of the territories’ export potential and determines the main directions of organizing support for exporters on regional level.Article studies the variety of approaches described in the scientific literature to the forming of infrastructure for export development, implementation and ensuring the effectiveness of measures to support exporters, building up export potential, assimilation of modern technologies for sales organization. The export promotion activities of the Republic of Tatarstan are classified according to the main trends identified in the work. There are described practices of the Republic of Tatarstan on the formation and implementation of export potential, which are of interest for study and implementation by other constituent entities of the Russian Federations.Topical areas of further work include the implementation of a program-targeted approach for supporting the export of small and medium-sized businesses, improving the forms of online sailing and promoting goods, enhancing interaction with trade missions of the Russian Federation and foreign missions of the Russian Export Center.

Introduction Recent changes in antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) may have affected medication adherence of people living with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). In this study adherence to ART regimens among patients with HIV-1 (PWH) across the US during a recent time period was examined and study findings were stratified by US region and state. Methods A retrospective observational study using the Symphony Health Solution Integrated Dataverse database was conducted. Patients ≥ 18 years of age who had a diagnosis of HIV-1 (without an HIV-2 diagnosis) and who were treated with ART between July 2017 and September 2018 (first pharmacy record: index date) were selected from the data source. Both patients who had not been previously treated with ART and those who were treatment experienced were included. Patients were required to have ≥ 1 medical/pharmacy record ≥ 12 months after their index date (follow-up period). Patient characteristics were examined during a 12-month pre-index period. During the follow-up, medication adherence, measured as the proportion of days covered (PDC), was examined for all patients and stratified by US region and state. Results Among 206,474 adult PWH treated with ART, mean age was 47.9 years, 73.4% were male, and 30.0% were Caucasian. The most prevalent comorbid conditions were hyperlipidemia (25.1%), depressive disorders (14.8%), and type 2 diabetes (12.1%). During the follow-up period, mean (standard deviation) PDC was 74.1% (25.9%) among PWH across the US [Midwest: 74.4% (25.5%); Northeast: 74.3% (26.1%); South: 73.2% (26.3%); West: 76.4% (24.8%)]. Across all US regions, > 60% of PWH had adherence 40% had adherence

The Lisbon Treaty brought about a reform of the ‘identity clause’ now contained in Article 4(2) Treaty on European Union (TEU). Among other things, it introduced a specific reference to the local and regional dimension of Member States’ national identities. This article assesses what this new provision implies and how it was used by courts during the first decade following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. This allows conducting a general reflection on the role and standing of regions within the EU under that Treaty. This article claims that, on the one hand, the specific mention of the local and regional dimension was already inherent to Member States’ national identity and that, therefore, it has not resulted in any dramatic change in the standing of sub-national entities, as is also visible in the case law to date. On the other hand, it underlines the EU’s ambivalent attitude towards sub-national entities, and national institutional structures generally, and calls for the implementation of pragmatic solutions to improve the functioning of the EU’s multilevel governance structure. Constitutional identity, European Union, sub-national entities, regions, regional blindness

Within the article, it is examined the dynamics of the integrated index of innovative development of the regions of Ukraine. It is proved that during the studied period there is no region that would have a constant positive trend for eight years. The authors argue that the main conditions for sustainable development of the regions are environmental protection, rational use of natural resources and environmental safety of human life. The integrated index of ecological development of the regions of Ukraine is calculated. Visualization of the dynamics of the values of the index of ecological development of the regions of Ukraine makes it possible to visually assess the asymmetry of ecological development of the regions. This strategic study can serve as a basis for further research to predict dynamic changes in the environment.

Identifying the temperature change at a regional level is one of the essential parameters to determine theintensity of climate change. The current investigation provides an examination of changing trends of temperature in thePunjab province from 1970 to 2019. Sen's slope estimator method is applied to monthly data of mean temperature(Tmean), maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) to calculate the rate of temperature change.Statistical methods were used to find out the level of significance in terms of negative or positive trends to examine thevariability among various weather observatories. Moreover, predicted values have also been observed for a detailedanalysis of temperature variability and trends. Significant and pronounced changes in the mean temperature (T mean) are distinguished all over the Punjab regions with an increasing trend from North to South Punjab. In the case of maximum temperature (Tmax), a faster rate of rising in temperature is observed over the Southern and Western regionsof Punjab. In contrast, the minimum temperature (Tmin) shows an increasing trend in Central Punjab. The findings provide detailed insight to policymakers for the planning of mitigating efforts and adaptation strategies in response to climate change.

En France, comme dans les autres pays européens où les politiques d’éducation ont été au moins pour partie régionalisées, le débat politique et certains pans du débat académique ont placé en leur centre la question de l’égalité. Cet article propose de contribuer à la réflexion en s’intéressant aux normes d’action publique et à leurs évolutions après les réformes institutionnelles ayant présidé aux transferts de compétences éducatives aux gouvernements régionaux en France. La régionalisation de compétences éducatives a-t-elle conduit à un changement des normes sectorielles partagées par les acteurs de l’éducation ? L’égalité sociale et l’égalité territoriale à l’école sont-elles devenues des normes de second rang pour l’action publique régionale derrière des normes sectorielles privilégiant en particulier l’innovation et la différenciation territoriale ? Pour examiner ces questions, deux périodes qui correspondent chacune à une conjoncture critique des politiques régionales d’éducation ont été sélectionnées. La première suit immédiatement les transferts des lycées aux gouvernements régionaux et la seconde commence à la fin des années 1990 lorsque les gouvernements régionaux introduisent des mesures d’action publique en dehors du cadre formel des compétences prévues par les lois de décentralisation. Sur cette base, l’article montre que les normes sectorielles d’égalité prévalant avant la décentralisation des lycées continuent à structurer l’élaboration de l’action publique par les gouvernements régionaux après la décentralisation. L’égalité persiste comme norme d’action publique en éducation après la régionalisation.

The article examines the existing approaches to assessing the level of development of digitalization processes at the regional level. A comparative analysis of existing methods according to certain criteria has been carried out. Based on the “Digital Russia” methodology, a typology of subjects and federal districts of the Russian Federation was carried out according to the level of development of digitalization processes.

International audience; The problem of identifying and quantifying the efficiency of accommodation units is currently a discussed issue. Recognition and identification of the most important aspects that increase the financial efficiency of a rapidly changing business environment, especially in a difficult period of economic and tourism bounce back is a key issue. Only the companies that adequately address the issue of their measurement and evaluation and are able to choose the right approach in this regard will win the competition. Our work focuses on the identification of key factors influencing the management of business entities. We carried out a detailed analysis of accommodation units in selected accommodation facilities at the regional level. We wanted to point out the differences within the individual regions of Slovakia. By applying the DEA method, we used individual models focused on inputs and outputs in order to determine the inefficient units in our research, and revealed its shortcomings and pointed out the way to improve the economic results of these research subjects.

This is a dataset of Ellenberg-type indicator values for European vascular plant species described in this article: Tichý L., Axmanová I., Dengler J., Guarino R., Jansen F., Midolo G., Nobis M.P., Van Meerbeek K., Aćić S., Attorre F., Bergmeier E., Biurrun I., Bonari G., Bruelheide H., Campos J.A., Čarni A., Chiarucci A., Ćuk M., Ćušterevska M., Didukh Y., Dítě D., Dítě Z., Dziuba T., Fanelli G., Fernández-Pascual E., Garbolino E., Gavilán R.G., Gégout J.-C., Graf U., Güler B., Hájek M., Hennekens S.M., Jandt U., Jašková A., Jiménez-Alfaro B., Julve P., Kambach S., Karger D.N., Karrer G., Kavgacı A., Knollová I., Kuzemko A., Küzmič F., Landucci F., Lengyel A., Lenoir J., Marcenò C., Moeslund J.E., Novák P., Pérez-Haase A., Peterka T., Pielech R., Pignatti A., Rašomavičius V., Rūsiņa S., Saatkamp A., Šilc U., Škvorc Ž., Theurillat J.-P., Wohlgemuth T. & Chytrý M. (2023) Ellenberg-type indicator values for European vascular plant species. Journal of Vegetation Science, 34, e13168. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13168 The dataset contains: 1) Harmonized Ellenberg-type indicator values for light, temperature, moisture, reaction, nutrients, and salinity for European vascular plants. 2) Original indicator values from 13 datasets of Ellenberg-type indicator values: - Germany (Ellenberg & Leuschner 2010) - Austria (Karrer 1992) - Cantabrian Range (Jiménez-Alfaro et al. 2021) - Czech Republic (Chytrý et al. 2018) - European mires (Hájek et al. 2020) - France (Julve 2015) - Great Britain (Hill et al. 2000) - Greece (South Aegean) (Böhling et al. 2002) - Hungary (Borhidi 1995) - Italy (Guarino & La Rosa 2019, modified) - Saline habitats (Dítě et al. 2023) - Switzerland and the Alps (Landolt et al. 2010) - Ukraine (Didukh 2011) 3) Species nomenclature is standardized according to the Euro+Med PlantBase (http://europlusmed.org)., The final version of the paper (accepted 8th Dec 2022; published 22nd Dec 2022). Difference from version 1.0: Minor changes in newly added species values calculated from co-occurrence with other species in the EVA database. They were corrected using straight-line calibration.

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) and sleep disorders are both neurodegenerative conditions characterized by impaired or absent sleep. However, potential common pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases are not well characterized.MethodsDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using publicly available human gene expression profiles GSE5281 for AD and GSE40562 for sleep disorder. DEGs common to the two datasets were used for enrichment analysis, and we performed multi-scale embedded gene co-expression network analysis (MEGENA) for common DEGs. Fast gene set enrichment analysis (fGSEA) was used to obtain common pathways, while gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was applied to quantify those pathways. Subsequently, we extracted the common genes between module genes identified by MEGENA and genes of the common pathways, and we constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. The top 10 genes with the highest degree of connectivity were classified as hub genes. Common genes were used to perform Metascape enrichment analysis for functional enrichment. Furthermore, we quantified infiltrating immune cells in patients with AD or sleep disorder and in controls.ResultsDEGs common to the two disorders were involved in the citrate cycle and the HIF-1 signaling pathway, and several common DEGs were related to signaling pathways regulating the pluripotency of stem cells, as well as 10 other pathways. Using MEGENA, we identified 29 modules and 1,498 module genes in GSE5281, and 55 modules and 1,791 module genes in GSE40562. Hub genes involved in AD and sleep disorder were ATP5A1, ATP5B, COX5A, GAPDH, NDUFA9, NDUFS3, NDUFV2, SOD1, UQCRC1, and UQCRC2. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and T helper 17 cells had the most extensive infiltration in both AD and sleep disorder.ConclusionAD pathology and pathways of neurodegeneration participate in processes contributing in AD and sleep disorder. Hub genes may be worth exploring as potential candidates for targeted therapy of AD and sleep disorder.

Some scholars have presented models of the United States as a set of “nations” with distinct settlement histories and contemporary cultures. We examined personality differences in one such model, that of Colin Woodard, using data from over 75,000 respondents. Four nations were particularly distinct: The Deep South, Left Coast, New Netherland, and the Spanish Caribbean. Differences between nations at the level of the individual person were typically small, but were larger at the level of community, revealing how aggregation can contribute to differences in the lived experience of places in nations such as Yankeedom or Greater Appalachia. We represented effects in a three-dimensional model defined by Authoritarian conventionalism (which differentiated ‘Red’ and ‘Blue’ nations) as well as Cognitive resilience and Competitiveness (which differentiated among the Blue nations). Finally, we adjusted Woodard’s model to better fit the data, and found that nations largely maintained their boundaries, with the most drastic changes occurring on the East Coast.

Šiandieniniame pasaulyje vyksta dideli pokyčiai, kurie labiausiai pastebimi vertinant ekonominio išsivystymo lygį. Šalies ekonominis augimas yra pagrindinis variklis, galintis užtikrinti šalies gyventojų gerovę. Todėl nenuostabu, kad įvairių sričių specialistai domisi tokiomis temomis kaip tolygi teritorijų plėtra, ekonomikos augimas, bandydami surasti raktą į sėkmingą vystymąsi. Ypač svarbi yra inovacinė veikla. Jos pagrindiniai veikėjai (žvelgiant į šį procesą per ekonomikos prizmę) yra verslo įmonės, diegiančios naujoves. Dėl Europos Sąjungos vykdomos regioninės politikos labai svarbu užtikrinti tolygią teritorijos plėtrą. Todėl analizuojant inovacijų procesą negalima to atsieti nuo teritorijos – būtina įvertinti poveikį teritorijos plėtrai. Pastebimas glaudus regioninės politikos ir inovacinės plėtros politikos ryšys. Atsižvelgiant į temos aktualumą, svarbu įvertinti teritorijų inovatyvumo lygį: objektyvus vertinimas leidžia efektyviau vykdyti tolesnę plėtros politiką. Europos kontekste Lietuva traktuojama kaip vienas regionas, todėl visa inovacinės veiklos analizė sutelkta šalies lygiu. Tačiau net ir šalies teritorijoje pastebima teritorinių socialinių bei ekonominių netolygumų. Todėl aktualu pradėti vertinti inovatyvumo aplinką Lietuvos regionų mastu. Šiuo straipsniu siekta pristatyti svarbiausias inovacinės veiklos sampratas, remiantis skirtingų autorių pozicijomis, išskirti veiksnius, kurie daro įtaką regioninei plėtrai bei, atsižvelgiant į tinkamų rodiklių duomenų prieinamumą, suformuoti regionų inovacinės aplinkos vertinimo metodologinę matricą. Innovations and innovative activities are becoming the most important feature of a country or region development. For this reason a great amount of literature highlights this topic. There are a lot of documents, strategies and programs signed which try to enhance business competitiveness and productivity. Formation of regional policy should make that this development will ensure a high quality of life throughout the country. Economic growth of countries in encouraging to look for more efficienty, which is directly related with innovative entities. The significance of innovations is the focus of EU regional policy. Although the innovation phenomenon is widely analyzed, consistent and specified concept is not formulated. Thus, this paper will primarily discuss the diversity of innovation concept and interface with the regional concept. Another part of the work aims to reveal the determinants of the regional development influencing innovation activities by different author’s approaches. The final section of this paper is to present adopted methodological matrix for innovativeness evaluation for regions in Lithuania. In Lithuania innovativeness is counted just on a country’s level, no territorial importance is emphasised. Even though innovations are closely related with regional policy. So the main purpose of this paper is to make methodological basis for more detailed (in a territorial contex) analysis of innovativeness in Lithuania’s regions.

Straipsnyje, taikant Kinijos mokslų akademijos Modernizacijos tyrimų centro pasiūlytą metodiką, apskaičiuota Lietuvos apskričių pirminė modernizacija 2000-2011 metais. Atliekant skaičiavimus, paaiškėjo, kad ši metodika lengvai adaptuojama ir galimá sėkmingai pritaikyti tiriant Lietuvos regionų modernizacijos tendencijas. Nustatyta, kad įgyvendinant pirminę modernizaciją pirmiausia būtina sumažinti žemės ūkio sektorių ir užimtųjų žemės ūkyje dalį. Antra, reikia didinti švietimo aprėptis didinant studentų skaičių aukštesniosiose ir aukštosiose mokyklose. Tyrimo metu pasitvirtino autorių ex ante formuluota prielaida, kad modernizacijos sąvokos siaurinimas iki inovacijų yra klaidinga nuostata. Inovacijas derėtų laikyti jau postmoderniomis vertybėmis. Bandymas ieškoti šių postmodernių vertybių tuose teritoriniuose vienetuose, kurie dar tik siekia modernizuotis, lemia neatitikimą tarp vyriausybės kuriamų plėtros strategijų ir vietinių raidos realijų. The authors of the article adapted a method of regional modernization calculation proposed by the Chinese Academy of Science and calculated fundamental modernization of Lithuanian regions (counties) in the year of 2000 and 2011. The comparison of the two selected years revealed quite interesting results and tendencies. In the year of 2000, none of the Lithuanian regions had finished the fundamental modernization. In the year of 2011 three regions (Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipėda counties) had reached the final stage of fundamental modernization – the phase of transition to secondary modernization. In the year of 2000, two regions were lagging – Tauragė and Marijampolė counties. In the year of 2011, the situation had not changed in Tauragė county at all, it remained lagging by all the indicators of fundamental modernization. Marijampolė county, conversely, had reached the biggest advantage in the process of fundamental modernization: from being the lagging one in the year 2000, it had reached the average level of fundamental modernization by the year of 2011. The research revealed that there are two main requirements for the completion of the fundamental modernization: first, it is necessary to make the essential transformations in economic sphere – i.e. to reduce the agricultural sector and to reduce the number of employed in agriculture; secondly, it is necessary to increase the scope of education – i.e. to increase the number of people attending higher education. The research proved an ex ante premise of the authors that it is a very misleading tendency to narrow the concept of modernization by using the notion of innovations instead. Innovations (as well as the knowledge society, smart society etc.) should be understood as the postmodern values. Postmodern values belong to the secondary modernization. That means if we put innovations and knowledge society as the prevailing elements in territorial development plans and programmes, it creates lots of additional problems and misunderstanding while it is not very rational to implement postmodern values in those territorial units that are still at the outset of fundamental modernization.

Jūros pakrantės regionai, arba zonos, pasaulyje vertinami kaip išskirtinės svarbos teritorijos, kur sutelktas didžiausias gamtos ir žmogiškųjų išteklių potencialas. Todėl jų plėtra turėtų būti tausojamojo pobūdžio, darni, paremta potencialo reprodukcija, optimaliu plėtros aspektų santykiu ir vienodai nukreipta į žmonių gyvenimo lygio bei kokybės gerinimą, gamtinės aplinkos unikalumo išsaugojimą. Šio tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti mokslinę ir metodinę tausojančios regionų plėtros teoriją ir praktinius žingsnius nagrinėjančius straipsnius bei kitus šaltinius, siekiant parengti Lietuvos ir Latvijos pajūrio regiono plėtros būklės analizei pritaikytą tyrimų schemą. Darbe sprendžiami šie uždaviniai: mokslinės literatūros šaltinių analizė; tyrimų metodikos / schemos rengimas. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, loginės analizės principų (tokių kaip palyginimas, abstrahavimas, apibendrinimas) taikymas, metodinių darbų analizė. ArcGis 10.1 programa naudota rengiant regiono žemėlapį. Pristatomas tiriamas pajūrio regionas, kurį sudaro 4-ios Lietuvos savivaldybės ir 4-ios Latvijos savivaldybės pajūryje: Neringos miesto, Klaipėdos miesto ir rajono, Palangos miesto ir Kretingos rajono savivaldybės, Liepojos miesto ir rajono, Ventspilio miesto ir rajono, Talsi rajono savivaldybės. Aptariami šio regiono svarbiausi gamtos ir žmogiškieji ištekliai, nurodomos prioritetinės pagal priimtas strategines plėtros kryptis veiklos bei esminiai aplinkosauginės politikos aspektai. Įvairūs tausojančios plėtros tyrėjai ir analitikai skirtingai vertina patį tausojimo ar darnumo apibrėžimą. Darbe pateikiami sugrupuoti pagrindinių šia tema rašančių įvairių šalių autorių tausojančios plėtros apibrėžimai. Apibendrintai galima teigti, kad tausojanti plėtra yra tokia, kuri plėtojama darniai, nepažeidžiant gamtos procesų. Tai nėra galutinis apibrėžtas rezultatas, o nuolatinis kompromisas tarp žmogaus ir gamtos, kai žmogus prisiima atsakomybę už savo veiklą. Analizuojami ir pateikiami sugrupuoti pagrindiniai ekonominiai, socialiniai ir gamtiniai rodikliai, įvairių autorių bei Eurostat ir Jungtinių Tautų informacinėje duomenų bazėje rekomenduojami taikyti darnios plėtros analizei. Autorės pateikia savo sudarytą metodinių tyrimų schemą, papildytą Lietuvos ir Latvijos pajūrio regionui pritaikytu svarbių plėtros rodiklių sąrašu su jų svorio koeficientais, kurie visoms trims rodiklių grupėms yra vienodi (vidutiniškai 0,33). Ši metodika bus tikrinama praktiškai įvertinant tausojančios plėtros būklę kiekvienoje iš 8 tiriamų savivaldybių laikotarpiu nuo įstojimo į ES pradžios iki šių metų. Definitions and sets of indicators as well as approaches on sustainable development are compiled, discussed and evaluated in this paper. The researched region embraces for five urban and district municipalities in western Lithuania and Latvia in the total area of 1393.93 km2 . The scheme of steps of assessment of sustainability with selected sets of indicators relevant for the sea shore region of Lithuania and Latvia is presented and discussed.

The article considers the methodology of the analysis of the scientific potential of the regions. The paper notes the importance of an integrated, systemic approach to understanding of the category of scientific potential. The author emphasizes the importance of quantitative indicators of the scientific potential of the regions, amenable to statistical analysis. The study attempts to analyse the key statistical indicators of the development of science used to assess the scientific potential of the regions. As a rule, the list of such indicators is limited to the number of scientific organizations functioning in the region, the volume of their funding, as well as a number of personnel indicators. At the same time, the author notes the narrowness of the exclusively resource-based approach to the assessment of the scientific potential and the need to take into account its other factors: informational, social, financial, etc.

The proposed modelling of the relationship between the spatial and component structure of the construction industry development and the environment helped to obtain combinations of high and medium levels of the impact of integral indicators of labour, productive and foreign economic components of the construction sector on the environmental index of the region. The high level of adaptability of the models used for the period 2013– –2018 confirms the relationship between the development of the construction sector in most regions of Ukraine and the lowest level of the ecological index. This proves the scientific hypothesis about the negative impact of construction on the country’s ecosystem. The study indicates that the dynamic characteristics of the relationship between the building system and the environment should take into account the existence of direct and indirect or even “hidden” relationships between the components. The scientific value of the study consists in using models of fuzzy sets to assess the relationship between the construction system and the ecosystem based on defuzzification, which preserves the flexibility of the process of assessing the development of subsystems in construction and making decisions as to reducing the negative environmental impact in regions.

The main purpose of this study is to understand how Portuguese restaurants’ solvency was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the factors that influence it. Financial information was collected for the years 2019 and 2020 in the SABI database to elaborate a quantitative methodology; a descriptive analysis was used and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, a Paired t-test, a one-way ANOVA test, and a multiple linear regression were used to test the formulated hypotheses. The findings confirm that solvency is affected by several determinants, such as financial autonomy, indebtedness, financial leverage, asset turnover, return on equity, and long-term bank debt. Solvency is influenced positively by financial autonomy and financial leverage. In contrast, solvency is negatively influenced by indebtedness, asset turnover, and long-term bank debt. Additionally, this paper represents the first study, in the restaurant sector in Portugal, which analyses the importance of solvency and its determinants, by facing a normal year with a crisis year. The paper is innovative in terms of knowledge about restaurant solvency behavior in periods of financial crisis and also because the COVID-19 pandemic has added an additional variable to restaurant solvency: short-term bank debt. In terms of theoretical implications, this study provides further insights about the factors influencing solvency in restaurant businesses during periods of a financial crisis. The main practical contributions are linked to improving the leadership skills of restaurant owners and managers to deal with periods of crisis in general, thus improving the solvency of their businesses and decreasing the risks associated with bankruptcy. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

We present SOFIA+ALMA continuum and spectral-line polarisation data on the massive molecular cloud BYF 73, revealing important details about the magnetic field morphology, gas structures, and energetics in this unusual massive star formation laboratory. The 154$\mu$m HAWC+ polarisation map finds a highly organised magnetic field in the densest, inner 0.55$\times$0.40 pc portion of the cloud, compared to an unremarkable morphology in the cloud's outer layers. The 3mm continuum ALMA polarisation data reveal several more structures in the inner domain, including a pc-long, $\sim$500 M$_{\odot}$ "Streamer" around the central massive protostellar object MIR 2, with magnetic fields mostly parallel to the east-west Streamer but oriented north-south across MIR 2. The magnetic field orientation changes from mostly parallel to the column density structures to mostly perpendicular, at thresholds $N_{\rm crit}$ = 6.6$\times$10$^{26}$ m$^{-2}$, $n_{\rm crit}$ = 2.5$\times$10$^{11}$ m$^{-3}$, and $B_{\rm crit}$ = 42$\pm$7 nT. ALMA also mapped Goldreich-Kylafis polarisation in $^{12}$CO across the cloud, which traces in both total intensity and polarised flux, a powerful bipolar outflow from MIR 2 that interacts strongly with the Streamer. The magnetic field is also strongly aligned along the outflow direction; energetically, it may dominate the outflow near MIR 2, comprising rare evidence for a magnetocentrifugal origin to such outflows. A portion of the Streamer may be in Keplerian rotation around MIR 2, implying a gravitating mass 1350$\pm$50 M$_{\odot}$ for the protostar+disk+envelope; alternatively, these kinematics can be explained by gas in free fall towards a 950$\pm$35 M$_{\odot}$ object. The high accretion rate onto MIR 2 apparently occurs through the Streamer/disk, and could account for $\sim$33% of MIR 2's total luminosity via gravitational energy release., Comment: 33 pages, 32 figures, accepted by ApJ. Line-Integral Convolution (LIC) images and movie versions of Figures 3b, 7, and 29 are available at https://gemelli.spacescience.org/~pbarnes/research/champ/papers/

How are Industry 4.0 investments distributed across Italian regions and sectors? Which are the main drivers of diffusion? To address these questions, in this study we exploit rich firm survey data on the adoption of the new digital technologies and examine their adoption patterns. On the one hand, we produce novel insights into the drivers of structural change in the Italian economy, and on the other, we provide evidence on the technological upgrading of Italy's production capacity that is relevant for policy. The results of econometric tests on region-sector pairs indicate that corporate governance characteristics, innovation patterns and type of industrial relations are significant predictors of the uneven regional and sectoral distribution of Industry 4.0 investments.

The article presents the results of a study of the dynamics of indicators that characterize the standard of living of the population of Federal districts of Russia. The author hypothesizes that despite the growth in the values of indicators of the standard of living of the population of Federal districts for the period after 2010, there is a stable pattern of increasing their differentiation, and he has received its confirmation. This circumstance allowed us to determine the nature of changes and identify two groups of Federal districts that are moving away from each other at an increasing rate in terms of the standard of living of the population. The analysis raises the issue of the need to improve the state policy of Russia in order to enhance the standard of living of the population, ensure a balanced socio-economic development of regions and neutralize the negative consequences of their further differentiation.

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the solution of the tasks facing the country is impossible without strengthening the role of the regions. Russia is characterized by deep differentiation of regions in terms of development level, which is due to the influence of natural and climatic conditions, uneven distribution of minerals, labor resources, external factors, etc. To these mentioned factors, another one was added – coronavirus. The purpose and objectives of the study are to determine the role and place of regions in their socio-economic situation, assessing them using the indicators used by the rating agency RIA Rating, taking into account modern challenges. The practical significance of the study is as follows. The concentration of competitive advantages in some regions and their lack in others, which depend on the population`s incomes, exacerbate social inequality. At the present stage of development, taking into account the changed economic situation in the world, the issues of economic security of the regions are of particular importance. The article provides ratings of Federal districts, regions by the level of their socio-economic situation for 2019 in comparison with 2018, for the 1st quarter, 9 months of 2020 in a pandemic.

Pietryčių Lietuvos akmens amžiaus keramika atspindi jos kūrėjų ir naudotojų gyvenimo būdą, mitybą, socialinį statusą, meninę raišką bei santykius su kitomis bendruomenėmis. Organikos išlikimui nepalankios gamtinės sąlygos bei įvairių laikotarpių radinių susimaišymas smėlinėse gyvenvietėse apriboja galimybes tiksliau datuoti ir atkurti VI tūkstantm. pr. Kr. pabaigoje prasidėjusį ilgo savito neolitizavimo procesą. Analizuojant molinių indų naudojimo pėdsakus, keramikos struktūrą, lipdymo bei ornamentavimo technologijas, jų pokyčius ir priežastis, galima geriau suprasti miškų neolito bendruomenių tradicijas bei įvairių įtakų susidūrimus Pietryčių Lietuvoje. South-Eastern Lithuanian Stone Age pottery reflects the way of life, nutrition, social status, artistic expression, and intercommunity relationships of its creators and users. Natural conditions unfavourable for the survival of organic material and the intermingling of artefacts from different periods in sandy settlements limit the ability to precisely date and reconstruct the long, distinctive process of Neolithisation that began in the late 6th millennium bc. Analysing the traces of ceramic vessel use, the structure of the pottery, the coiling and decoration technologies, their changes and reasons, it is possible to understand better the traditions of the Forest Neolithic communities and the encounters of different influences in SE Lithuania.

The subject of research is the theoretical and practical principles of organization and development of rural green tourism enterprises, its regulation and support as a form of entrepreneurial activity in rural areas. The purpose of the work is to develop theoretical principles and practical proposals for the implementation of state support for rural green tourism enterprises and its improvement. The methodological basis of the article were the main theoretical and methodological provisions of economics, regulations of Ukraine, the works of leading foreign and domestic scientists. Results of work. The paper identifies the conditions and resources, features and institutions of organization and development of rural green tourism enterprises. The importance and sources of its spread and growth as a form of entrepreneurial activity in the countryside are substantiated. The forms of statistical reporting for the account are offered. The directions of improvement of the state regulation of the further development of its subjects are developed, including with the involvement of regional and local authorities, united territorial communities. Field of application of results. The conclusions of the article can be used in the educational and scientific process of higher education institutions, the work of rural communities, local governments, fiscal services. Conclusions. In the future, to ensure the development of rural green tourism in Ukraine and its effective management is considered appropriate: to improve the regulatory framework of rural tourism activities at both state and regional levels; constantly monitor indicators and study the needs of the market of its products and services; create an infrastructure of state financial and credit support for rural green tourism entities.

The RNA exosome degrades transcripts in the nucleoplasm of mammalian cells. Its substrate specificity is mediated by two adaptors: the ‘nuclear exosome targeting (NEXT)’ complex and the ‘poly(A) exosome targeting (PAXT)’ connection. Previous studies have revealed some DNA/RNA elements that differ between the two pathways, but how informative these features are for distinguishing pathway targeting, or whether additional genomic features that are informative for such classifications exist, is unknown. Here, we leverage the wealth of available genomic data and develop machine learning models that predict exosome targets and subsequently rank the features the models use by their predictive power. As expected, features around transcript end sites were most predictive; specifically, the lack of canonical 3′ end processing was highly predictive of NEXT targets. Other associated features, such as promoter-proximal G/C content and 5′ splice sites, were informative, but only for distinguishing NEXT and not PAXT targets. Finally, we discovered predictive features not previously associated with exosome targeting, in particular RNA helicase DDX3X binding sites. Overall, our results demonstrate that nucleoplasmic exosome targeting is to a large degree predictable, and our approach can assess the predictive power of previously known and new features in an unbiased way.

Short stems are becoming increasingly popular in total hip arthroplasty as they preserve the bone stock and simplify the implantation process. Short stems are advised mainly for patients with good bone stock. The clinical use of short stems could be enlarged to patients with poor bone stock if a cemented alternative would be available. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the mechanical performance of a cemented short stem and to compare the "undersized" cementing strategy (stem one size smaller than the rasp) with the "line-to-line" technique (stem and rasp with identical size). A prototype cemented short stem was implanted in eight pairs of human cadaveric femora using the two cementing strategies. Four pairs were experimentally tested in a single-legged stance condition; stiffness, strength, and bone surface displacements were measured. Subject-specific nonlinear finite element models of all the implanted femora were developed, validated against the experimental data, and used to evaluate the behavior of cemented short stems under physiological loading conditions resembling level walking. The two cementing techniques resulted in nonsignificant differences in stiffness and strength. Strength and stiffness as calculated from finite element were 8.7 ± 16% and 9.9 ± 15.0% higher than experimentally measured. Displacements as calculated from finite element analyses corresponded strongly (R 2 ≥ .97) with those measured by digital image correlation. Stresses during level walking were far below the fatigue limit for bone and bone cement. The present study suggests that cemented short stems are a promising solution in osteoporotic bone, and that the line-to-line and undersized cementing techniques provide similar outcomes. ispartof: JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH vol:39 issue:8 pages:1681-1690 ispartof: location:United States status: published

This paper shows how certain spatial logics are used to support contemporary region-building processes, and how these become taken for granted and institutionalized in specific regional settings. These spatial logics are also representative of the spatial logics dominating contemporary regionalism and affect the ways 'spaces' and 'citizens' are treated and valued in regional planning and policy. Few studies have shown how spatial logics are implemented, transformed and turned into policy across a wider set of regions. Exemplified by The Scandinavian 8 Million City project, the paper shows how this regional imaginary was constructed by the project promotors using several representative spatial logics of what constitutes the 'best' region as idealized in planning and policies.

Italy’s regional inequalities are more substantial and persistent than any other European country. They pertain to fundamental economic indicators (income, productivity, employment) and to many relevant features of the socio-institutional environment (the quality of institutions, education attainments, government and bureaucratic efficiency, etc.). The 2008–13 crisis further exacerbated divergences, with a collapse of capital accumulation and unwelcome demographic shocks (brain drains, migrations, etc.). This paper contributes to this rich literature with a specific focus on the increase of ‘within-south inequalities’ and investigates some socioeconomic determinants and processes that can explain them. Through several original surveys and case studies, emphasis falls on the importance of human capital and cooperative networks that support firms in their capacity to exploit comparative advantages and opportunities for local development.

A key question regarding the Covid-19 pandemic and the uncertainty around the implications of social distancing measures and remote working is how it will economically impact people and places differently We generate two indices which capture (i) social distancing potential and (ii) remote working potential This is accomplished using occupational level data from O*NET The paper identifies that social distancing and remote working potential differs considerably across occupations, sectors and places At a town level ? more affluent, dense and highly populated, better educated, and better broadband provisioned towns have greater potential for social distancing and remote working

Inward foreign direct investments are usually cited as an essential tool for economic growth and are often listed as one of the priorities by national governments, especially in transition countries strive. When local communities are concerned, the economic effects of international capital flows in principle should not differ from the national economy. Despite the threats they can also pose, they should mostly represent the opportunity for technological improvements and raising the competitiveness of the economy. When inward foreign direct investments are more or less limited to a local community, its leadership is in a position to follow them carefully. In this case, they are usually also well informed on sentiments of the population regarding these investments. These processes may add to the governments’ responsibility when planning the investments but often also add to the transparency of other stakeholders, which could help the governments to manage foreign direct investments in the local community. To offer a novelty with research in the field, the authors added this perspective to existing studies, predominantly analysing foreign direct investment effects in the national economy. The paper brings a comparative analysis of sentiments in local communities in Slovenia and Serbia. Statistical analysis based on opinion polls, although not free of statistical risks, enabled expected conclusions but also opened new insights.

Previous research has shown that competition can affect innovation, but we do not know if an unexpected external economic shock, as it decreases demand that increases competition, also affects innovation. Responding to this knowledge gap, we study Norwegian enterprises before and after the sudden and unexpected price decline of crude oil by the midyear of 2014. In some regions, due to their dependency on the petroleum sector, it strongly affected enterprises operating across many industries, while other regions were practically unaffected. Among enterprises that were innovative before the decline, we find a borderline significant inverted U-relationship between regional oil dependency before the decline and enterprises’ product innovation performance after the decline. Among enterprises that were not innovative before the decline, we find a robust significant positive linear relationship. The results can be a function of increased competition but particularly concerning the latter finding also better access to resources released in affected regions.