Search

In this paper we revisit the association of types of structure with modes of meaning in systemic functional linguistics (SFL). Focusing mainly on nominal group grammar, we argue that the association of experiential structure with non-recursive systems realised by multivariate structures and logical structure with recursive systems realised by univariate structures needs to be relaxed – in recognition of dependency structures consisting of two elements in a head/dependent relation. We refer to such structures as subjacency duplexes and explore their potential for the analysis of what are often dismissed in SFL as structure markers – adpositions, linkers and binders in particular.

Over the past decade, computing power has increased, new sensing technologies have been developed, and our understanding of how we interact with the earth has evolved, leading to new opportunities and priorities in geophysical research. These changes have been more rapid in some areas than others, and new topics have emerged as well. It is challenging for geophysicists, including junior staff and undergraduates starting their geophysics journeys, to stay abreast of scientific and industrial trends. Thus, the Early Career Subcommittee of the SEG Research Committee (RC) thought it imperative to survey members of the RC in 2022. To that end, a survey was conducted, and responses were collected from 43 RC members.

The movements of individual humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) can be tracked by matching photographs of the distinctive markings on the ventral sides of their tail flukes. During the winter-spring seasons of 1990, 1991, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002 a total of 42 individual humpbacks were identified by fluke photographs from the waters of the Cape Verde Islands. These were compared with photographs taken elsewhere in the North Atlantic. One match was made with a whale previously photographed in the Denmark Strait off Iceland, providing the first direct evidence of a link between the humpbacks in tropical waters of the eastern North Atlantic and a high-latitude feeding ground. This finding is consistent with the mitochondrial DNA evidence of at least two distinct breeding populations of humpback whales in the North Atlantic. The presence of cows with young calves as well as singers during the humpback mating and calving season implies that waters surrounding the Cape Verde archipelago constitute a breeding and calving ground for an eastern North Atlantic population of humpback whales.

OBJECTIVE The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 recently transitioned to a pass/fail outcome, renewing interest in how programs select neurosurgical residents. This study investigates the association between match status and key academic metrics over time. METHODS Data are from the National Resident Matching Program from 2009 to 2022 for matched and unmatched US allopathic (MD) seniors. Investigated metrics included the mean number of contiguous ranks; mean number of distinct specialties ranked; mean USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) scores; mean number of abstracts, presentations, and publications; mean number of research, work, and volunteer experiences; Alpha Omega Alpha status; attendance at a top 40 NIH-funded institution; PhD degree; and other degree. Multiple linear regression without an interaction term was used to evaluate how these have varied between the two groups during the study period and whether there is a difference between unmatched and matched MD seniors applying for a neurosurgical residency. Multiple linear regression with an interaction term was then used to test whether the difference in variables between the two groups changed over time. RESULTS Regardless of match status, MD senior neurosurgical residency applicants exhibited an increase in USMLE Step 1 and 2 scores; average research experiences; abstracts, presentations, and publications; and work and volunteer experiences (p < 0.001). The percentage of applicants from a top 40 NIH-funded school decreased (p = 0.018), and the percentage who held an additional degree increased (p = 0.007). Between groups, there were significant differences in all categories except work experiences and other degree obtained. Over time, the difference between USMLE Step 2 scores between matched and unmatched seniors diminished (p = 0.027); in contrast, the difference in abstracts, presentations, and publications between the two groups increased over time (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS From 2009 to 2022, neurosurgical residency applicants grew in their achievements across many metrics. In the advent of Step 1 becoming pass/fail, this study suggests that Step 2 is not viewed by programs as an adequate replacement. However, the Step 1 grading transition may serve as an opportunity for other factors to be considered that may better predict success in neurosurgical residency.

Extreme precipitation events can cause significant impacts to life, property, and the economy. As forecasting capabilities increase, the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) time scale provides an opportunity for advanced notice of impactful precipitation events. Building on a previous workshop, the Prediction of Rainfall Extremes at Subseasonal to Seasonal Periods (PRES2iP) project team conducted a second workshop virtually in the fall of 2021. The workshop engaged a variety of practitioners, including emergency managers, water managers, tribal environmental professionals, and National Weather Service meteorologists. While the team’s first workshop examined the “big picture” in how practitioners define “extreme precipitation” and how precipitation events impact their jobs, this workshop focused on details of S2S precipitation products, both current and potential future decision tools. Discussions and activities in this workshop assessed how practitioners use existing forecast products to make decisions about extreme precipitation, how they interpret newly developed educational tools from the PRES2iP team, and how they manage uncertainty in forecasts. By collaborating with practitioners, the PRES2iP team plans to use knowledge gained going forward to create more educational and operational tools related to S2S extreme precipitation event prediction, helping practitioners to make more informed decisions.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the interrater reliability and validity of the Apraxia of Speech Rating Scale (ASRS-3.5) as an index of the presence and severity of apraxia of speech (AOS) and the prominence of several of its important features. Method: Interrater reliability was assessed for 27 participants. Validity was examined in a cohort of 308 participants (120 with and 188 without progressive AOS) through item analysis; item-Total score correlations; correlations among ASRS Total score and component subscores and independent clinical ratings of AOS, dysarthria and aphasia severity, intelligibility, and articulatory errors, as well as years postonset and age; and regression models assessing item and Total score prediction of AOS presence. Results: Interrater reliability was good or excellent for most items and excellent for the Total score. Item and Total score analyses revealed good separation of participants with versus without AOS. Inter-item and item-Total score correlations were generally moderately high as were correlations between the ASRS Total score and independent ratings of AOS severity, intelligibility, and articulatory errors. The Total score was not meaningfully correlated with ratings of aphasia and dysarthria severity, years postonset, or age. Total scores below 7 and above 10 revealed excellent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for AOS. The presence of eight or more abnormal features was also highly predictive of AOS presence. Conclusions: The ASRS-3.5 is a reliable and valid scale for identifying the presence and severity of AOS and its predominant features. It has excellent sensitivity to AOS presence and excellent specificity relative to aphasia and dysarthria in patients with neurodegenerative disease. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21817584

Excessive levels of circulating proinflammatory mediators, known as “hypercytokinemia,” that are generated by overwhelming immune system activation can lead to death due to critical organ failure and thrombotic events. Hypercytokinemia has been frequently associated with a variety of infectious and autoimmune diseases, with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection currently being the commonest cause, of what has been termed the cytokine storm. Among its various functions within the host, STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is critical in the defense against certain viruses and other pathogens. STING activation, particularly within cells of the innate immune system, triggers potent type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokine production. We thus hypothesized that generalized expression of a constitutively active STING mutant in mice would lead to hypercytokinemia. To test this, a Cre-loxP–based system was used to cause the inducible expression of a constitutively active hSTING mutant (hSTING-N154S) in any tissue or cell type. Herein, we employed a tamoxifen-inducible ubiquitin C-CreERT2 transgenic to obtain generalized expression of the hSTING-N154S protein, thereby triggering the production of IFN-β and multiple proinflammatory cytokines. This required euthanizing the mice within 3 to 4 d after tamoxifen administration. This preclinical model will allow for the rapid identification of compounds aimed at either preventing or ameliorating the lethal effects of hypercytokinemia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe, compare, and understand speech modulation capabilities of patients with varying motor speech disorders (MSDs) in a paradigm in which patients made highly cued attempts to speak faster or slower. Method: Twenty-nine patients, 12 with apraxia of speech (AOS; four phonetic and eight prosodic subtype), eight with dysarthria (six hypokinetic and two spastic subtype), and nine patients without any neurogenic MSD completed a standard motor speech evaluation where they were asked to repeat words and sentences, which served as their “natural” speaking rate. They were then asked to repeat lower complexity (counting 1–5; repeating “cat” and “catnip” 3 times each) and higher complexity stimuli (repeating “catastrophe” and “stethoscope” 3 times each and “My physician wrote out a prescription” once) as fast/slow as possible. Word durations and interword intervals were measured. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess differences related to MSD subtype and stimuli complexity on bidirectional rate modulation capacity as indexed by word duration and interword interval. Articulatory accuracy was also judged and compared. Results: Patients with prosodic AOS demonstrated a reduced ability to go faster; while they performed similarly to patients with spastic dysarthria when counting, patients with spastic dysarthria were able to increase rate similar to controls during sentence repetition; patients with prosodic AOS could not and made increased articulatory errors attempting to increase rate. AOS patients made more articulatory errors relative to other groups, regardless of condition; however, their percentage of errors reduced with an intentionally slowed speaking rate. Conclusions: The findings suggest comparative rate modulation abilities in conjunction with their impact on articulatory accuracy may support differential diagnosis between healthy and abnormal speech and among subtypes of MSDs (i.e., type of dysarthria or AOS). Findings need to be validated in a larger, more representative cohort encompassing several types of MSDs. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22044632

Purpose: Prior studies have shown that communication-related participation restrictions in patients with degenerative disease do not always match clinician judgment or objective indices of symptom severity. Although there is a growing body of literature documenting that discrepancies between patients with dementia and their care partners' perception of participation restrictions exist, it is not known how care partner perceptions of communication participation restrictions specifically match or diverge from the patients' experiences, which may inform the use of care partner proxy in the context of degenerative diseases. Method: Thirty-eight patients with progressive neurologic conditions (progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome, and primary progressive aphasia or apraxia of speech) and, in most instances, focal cognitive-communication disorders were included. The patients and their accompanying care partners independently completed the Communicative Participation Item Bank, short form, a 10-question survey about communication participation restrictions in different contexts. Care partners were instructed to complete the form with their perception of the patient's experience. The difference between patient and care partner total scores were calculated and analyzed relative to clinical and demographic variables of interest. Results: Care partner ratings modestly tracked with patient experience and objective indices of symptom severity but did not exactly match patient ratings. The presence of aphasia increased, but did not fully account for, the likelihood of a discrepancy between care partner and patient ratings. Conclusion: Although careful consideration should be given prior to using care-partner report as a proxy for patient experience, it is worthwhile to include care partner ratings as a means of supporting conversations about differing perceptions, guiding joint intervention planning, and monitoring care-partner perceptions of change along with the implementation of supported conversation strategies.

MLKL and RIPK3 are the core signaling proteins of the inflammatory cell death pathway, necroptosis, which is a known mediator and modifier of human disease. Necroptosis has been implicated in the progression of disease in almost every physiological system and recent reports suggest a role for necroptosis in aging. Here, we present the first comprehensive analysis of age-related histopathological and immunological phenotypes in a cohort of Mlkl–/– and Ripk3–/– mice on a congenic C57BL/6 J genetic background. We show that genetic deletion of Mlkl in female mice interrupts immune system aging, specifically delaying the age-related reduction of circulating lymphocytes. -Seventeen-month-old Mlkl–/– female mice were also protected against age-related chronic sterile inflammation in connective tissue and skeletal muscle relative to wild-type littermate controls, exhibiting a reduced number of immune cell infiltrates in these sites and fewer regenerating myocytes. These observations implicate MLKL in age-related sterile inflammation, suggesting a possible application for long-term anti-necroptotic therapy in humans.

Return on investment (ROI) and residual income (RI) are two important accounting measures that are commonly used to evaluate managers’ performance, and evidence suggests that both ROI and RI can help motivate long-term investments. Research is limited, though, regarding whether ROI and RI differentially affect managers’ actions, and, more specifically, research has not examined the effects of ROI and RI on risk-taking. We conduct an experiment to examine the separate and interactive effects of individuals’ risk preferences and ROI and RI performance measures on risk-taking in capital investment decisions. We predict and find that the use of ROI as a performance measure leads to riskier choices, as compared with RI, and that this effect is concentrated in relatively more risk-averse individuals. We also provide process evidence that reveals some of the ways in which ROI and RI performance measures affect decision making. Collectively, our results contribute to literature examining the effects of accounting information and performance measures on managers’ risk-taking behaviors. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Funding: Financial support from the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: Data files are available at https://doi.org/mnsc.2022.4398 .

Critical to maternal outcome and development of a healthy and relationship between mother and baby, is the woman's perception of her birth experience. The Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) has been demonstrated to be psychometrically robust, easily administered, and scored self-report measure of birth experience. Aim of the study was to translate the UK-BSS-R into Hindi, collect data, and psychometrically validate an Indian (Hindi)-BSS-R.Psychometric assessment of the Indian (Hindi)-BSS-R was undertaken following translation using a cross-sectional design. Evaluation of known-groups validity was undertaken using an embedded between-subjects component. Data were collected from (n = 312) postnatal Hindi speaking women in India. Measurement characteristics were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, divergent validity and internal consistency analysis.The measurement properties of the Indian (Hindi)-BSS-R were observed to be equivocal, with the established tri-dimensional measurement model not achieving best fit to data. Instead, an alternative two-factor model offered an excellent fit to data. Significant differences were observed between Indian (Hindi)-BSS-R scores and family type and gestation term status, which highlights the relevance of these contextual aspects to the Indian birth experience. Internal consistency was observed to be low on some sub-scales, indicating the potential need for future revision.The Indian (Hindi)-BSS-R is a measure of birth experience, which accepting some measurement caveats, is acceptable for use with Hindi speaking women in India. Further research is required to determine if modification of some of the items is required to improve internal consistency.

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often recommended as opioid-sparing agents. The objective of this scoping review was to conduct a thorough search of the current literature to determine whether in adult critically ill patients there is an association between exposure to NSAIDs vs no NSAIDs and the subsequent development of serious adverse events, particularly gastrointestinal bleeding and acute kidney injury (AKI).The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews was utilized as a guideline for reporting. Searches were performed in PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Cochrane Library (Wiley), EMBASE (Elsevier), Stat!Ref (Teton), and Access Pharmacy (McGraw Hill) for articles published from January 2016 to August 2022.Of the 3,062 citations and titles identified in the search, 2,737 titles remained after removal of duplicates, 2,588 were excluded at title and abstract screening, and 149 articles remained for full-text review. None of the studies involved heterogeneous groups of critically ill patients in nonspecialty intensive care unit settings. Most studies evaluated were conducted in the perioperative setting and had limited adverse events reporting, particularly with respect to serious NSAID-related adverse effects of concern in critically ill patients.In published studies primarily involving perioperative patients, there is insufficient detail concerning the definitions and reporting of NSAID-related serious adverse events such as bleeding and AKI. These events are of particular concern in heterogeneous critically ill patient populations predisposed to such complications. In most (if not all) critically ill patients, sustained dosing of NSAIDs should be avoided regardless of COX-1 selectivity due to the paucity of safety data.

Rabies is the deadliest viral infection known, with no reliable treatment, and although it is entirely preventable, rabies continues to kill more than 60,000 people every year, mostly children in countries where dog rabies is endemic. America is only 1 generation away from the time when rabies killed more than 10,000 animals and 50 Americans every year, but 3 to 5 Americans continue to die annually from rabies. Distressingly, > 50,000 Americans undergo rabies prevention therapy every year after exposure to potentially rabid animals. While enormous progress has been made, more must be done to defeat this ancient but persistent, fatal zoonosis. In the US, lack of public awareness and ambivalence are the greatest dangers imposed by rabies, resulting in unnecessary exposures, anxiety, and risk. Veterinarians have a special role in informing and reassuring the public about prevention and protection from rabies. This summary of current facts and future advances about rabies will assist veterinarians in informing their clients about the disease.

Hemagglutinins (HAs) are the receptor-binding and membrane fusion glycoproteins of influenza viruses. They recognize sialic acid-containing, cell-surface glycoconjugates as receptors but have limited affinity for them, and, as a consequence, virus attachment to cells requires their interaction with several virus HAs. Receptor-bound virus is transferred into endosomes where membrane fusion by HAs is activated at pH between 5 and 6.5, depending on the strain of virus. Fusion activity requires extensive rearrangements in HA conformation that include extrusion of a buried "fusion peptide" to connect with the endosomal membrane, form a bridge to the virus membrane, and eventually bring both membranes close together. In this review, we give an overview of the structures of the 16 genetically and antigenically distinct subtypes of influenza A HA in relation to these two functions in virus replication and in relation to recognition of HA by antibodies that neutralize infection.

The cardiac effects of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on the pediatric heart has become an area of particular interest as elevated cardiac enzymes and abnormalities on echocardiogram and electrocardiogram were seen in a portion of children affected by the virus. In this article, we review the cardiac manifestations of acute COVID-19 infection, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and postvaccine myocarditis. The limited research on the effects of COVID-19 on neonates and infants is also reported. KEY POINTS: · Cardiac involvement from MIS-C is much higher than the risk of COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis.. · Neonates and infants have overall been less affected by COVID-19 than adults and older children.. · At this point in time, there is limited research on the cardiac effects of COVID-19 in neonates..

Many gene therapies are in development for treating people with inherited retinal diseases (IRD). We hypothesized that potential recipients of gene therapy would have knowledge gaps regarding treatment. We aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of genetic therapies among potential recipients with IRD, using a novel instrument we designed (Attitudes to Gene Therapy-Eye (AGT-Eye)) and their associations with demographic data, self-reported visual status, and tools assessing quality of life and attitudes toward clinical trials using a community-based cross-sectional survey of Australian adults with IRD. AGT-Eye, overall quality of life EQ-5D-5L, National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) and Patient Attitudes to Clinical Trials (PACT-22) instruments were administered. Six hundred and eighty-one people completed the study, 51.7% women of mean age 53.5 years (SD ± 15.8). Most participants (91.6%) indicated they would likely accept gene therapy if it was available to them or family members. However, only 28.3% agreed that they had good knowledge of gene therapy. Most obtained information about gene therapy from the internet (49.3%). Respondents with post-graduate degrees scored highest compared to other educational levels on methods (p p = 0.003) and were more likely to see economic value of treatment (p = 0.043). Knowledge gaps were present regarding methods and outcomes of gene therapy. This survey has shown high level of interest in the IRD community for gene therapies, and highlights areas for improved clinician and patient education.

Migraine, a common and disabling neurological disorder, is among the top reasons for outpatient visits to general neurologists. In addition to pharmacotherapy, lifestyle interventions are a mainstay of treatment. High-quality daily diary studies and intervention studies indicate intraindividual variations in the associations between lifestyle factors (such as stress, sleep, diet, and physical activity) and migraine attack occurrence. Behaviour change interventions can directly address overlapping lifestyle factors; combination approaches could capitalise on multiple mechanisms. These findings provide useful directions for integration of lifestyle management into routine clinical care and for future research.

Objectives We characterized real-time patient portal test result viewing among emergency department (ED) patients and described patient characteristics overall and among those not enrolled in the portal at ED arrival. Methods Our observational study at an academic ED used portal log data to trend the proportion of adult patients who viewed results during their visit from May 04, 2021 to April 04, 2022. Correlation was assessed visually and with Kendall's τ. Covariate analysis using binary logistic regression assessed result(s) viewed as a function of time accounting for age, sex, ethnicity, race, language, insurance status, disposition, and social vulnerability index (SVI). A second model only included patients not enrolled in the portal at arrival. We used random forest imputation to account for missingness and Huber-White heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors for patients with multiple encounters (α = 0.05). Results There were 60,314 ED encounters (31,164 unique patients). In 7,377 (12.2%) encounters, patients viewed results while still in the ED. Patients were not enrolled for portal use at arrival in 21,158 (35.2%) encounters, and 927 (4.4% of not enrolled, 1.5% overall) subsequently enrolled and viewed results in the ED. Visual inspection suggests an increasing proportion of patients who viewed results from roughly 5 to 15% over the study (Kendall's τ = 0.61 [p Conclusion We observed increased portal-based test result viewing among ED patients over the year since the 21st Century Cures act went into effect, even among those not enrolled at arrival. We observed disparities in those who viewed results.

Identifying student strengths is central to transition planning. However, school personnel use few assessments that operationalize behavioral and emotional strengths, and the psychometric functioning of those measures have not been established with transition-age students. In this two-part study, we used a national sample of transition-age students to examine validity evidence for scores from the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale-3: Teacher Rating Scale (BERS-3 TRS). Study 1 evaluated the internal structure and test score reliability of the scores for 275 students with exceptionalities. Study II used a sample of 566 students to examine differences in scores between students with and without exceptionalities. Findings from these studies represent evidence for the validity and interpretation of scores for transition-age students with exceptionalities.

Therapeutic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Proteoglycans are composite molecules comprising a protein backbone, i.e., the core protein, with covalently attached glycosaminoglycan chains of distinct chemical types. Most proteoglycans are secreted or attached to the cell membrane. Their specialized structures, binding properties, and biophysical attributes underlie diverse biological roles, which include modulation of tissue mechanics, cell adhesion, and the sequestration and regulated release of morphogens, growth factors, and cytokines. As an irreversible post-translational modification, proteolysis has a profound impact on proteoglycan function, abundance, and localization. Proteolysis is required for molecular maturation of some proteoglycans, clearance of extracellular matrix proteoglycans during tissue remodeling, generation of bioactive fragments from proteoglycans, and ectodomain shedding of cell-surface proteoglycans. Genetic evidence shows that proteoglycan core protein proteolysis is essential for diverse morphogenetic events during embryonic development. In contrast, dysregulated proteoglycan proteolysis contributes to osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and inflammation. Proteolytic fragments of perlecan, versican, aggrecan, brevican, collagen XVIII, and other proteoglycans are associated with independent biological activities as so-called matrikines. Yet, proteoglycan proteolysis has been investigated to only a limited extent to date. Here, we review the actions of proteases on proteoglycans and illustrate their functional impact with several examples. We discuss the applications and limitations of strategies used to define cleavage sites in proteoglycans and explain how proteoglycanome-wide proteolytic mapping, which is desirable to fully understand the impact of proteolysis on proteoglycans, can be facilitated by integrating classical proteoglycan isolation methods with mass spectrometry-based proteomics.

This article examines a cartographic encounter that took place in 1850 between Kallihirua, a member of Inughuit community of Northern Greenland, and members of the British Admiralty. Drawing on recent literatures that critically assess histories of indigenous mapping, the article explores the troubling circumstances that surrounded this encounter and analyses two maps which were produced as a result. Informed by ongoing debates pertaining to the decolonization of geographical knowledge, the article also reflects critically upon the extent to which historical indigenous cosmologies were commensurate with non-indigenous cartographic traditions and thus reassesses the motivations that lay behind the production and circulation of these maps. The article thus concludes by arguing that while Kallihirua certainly did contribute various types of geographical knowledge during this encounter, to label him as the sole author of these maps would be a problematic act of “cartographic ventriloquism.”

SummaryAfrican populations are the most diverse in the world yet are sorely underrepresented in medical genetics research. Here, we examine the structure of African populations using genetic and comprehensive multigenerational ethnolinguistic data from the Neuropsychiatric Genetics of African Populations-Psychosis study (NeuroGAP-Psychosis) consisting of 900 individuals from Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda. We find that self-reported language classifications meaningfully tag underlying genetic variation that would be missed with consideration of geography alone, highlighting the importance of culture in shaping genetic diversity. Leveraging our uniquely rich multi-generational ethnolinguistic metadata, we track language transmission through the pedigree, observing the disappearance of several languages in our cohort as well as notable shifts in frequency over three generations. We find suggestive evidence for the rate of language transmission in matrilineal groups having been higher than that for patrilineal ones. We highlight both the diversity of variation within the African continent, as well as how within-Africa variation can be informative for broader variant interpretation; many variants appearing rare elsewhere are common in parts of Africa. The work presented here improves the understanding of the spectrum of genetic variation in African populations and highlights the enormous and complex genetic and ethnolinguistic diversity within Africa.

Comparison of defect-controlled leaching-kinetics modulation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous functionalized silica-based materials was performed on the example of a radionuclide and radionuclide surrogate for the first time, revealing an unprecedented readsorption phenomenon. On a series of zirconium-based MOFs as model systems, we demonstrated the ability to capture and retain99% of the transuranic

Fatty acids are critical bioactives for fetal and neonatal development. Premature delivery and current nutritional strategies pose several challenges in restoring fatty acid balance in the preterm infant. The impact on fatty acid balance and outcomes using lipid emulsions, enteral nutrition, and enteral supplements are reviewed, including a summary of the most recent large clinical trials of enteral fatty acid supplementation for the preterm infant. Research gaps remain in successfully implementing nutritional strategies to optimize fatty acid status in preterm infants.

Flash drought, characterized by unusually rapid drying, can have substantial impact on many socioeconomic sectors, particularly agriculture. However, potential changes to flash drought risk in a warming climate remain unknown. In this study, projected changes in flash drought frequency and cropland risk from flash drought are quantified using global climate model simulations. We find that flash drought occurrence is expected to increase globally among all scenarios, with the sharpest increases seen in scenarios with higher radiative forcing and greater fossil fuel usage. Flash drought risk over cropland is expected to increase globally, with the largest increases projected across North America (change in annual risk from 32% in 2015 to 49% in 2100) and Europe (32% to 53%) in the most extreme emissions scenario. Following low-end and medium scenarios compared to high-end scenarios indicates a notable reduction in annual flash drought risk over cropland.

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): CHU Toulouse Rangueil Background Venous thromboembolic disease is a common cardiovascular disease, but long-term data on patient survival according to mid-term symptoms are scarce. Objective To describe outcomes (mortality and functional status) of pulmonary embolism (PE) 5 years after a first inaugural symptomatic episode of acute PE according to symptoms persistence at 6-months. Methods 137 patients with acute symptomatic PE were consecutively recruited at a French University Hospital from 2015 to 2017. Clinical characteristics were compared at 5-years between patients with persistent respiratory symptoms and asymptomatic patients at 6-month. Telephone collection of vital status, recurrence of VTE, NYHA score, current treatment, bleeding events as well as follow-up provided by a specialist were carried out in March 2022 on 105 patients (11% were lost of follow up). Results Patients were predominantly male (n=63, 57.5%) 60.2 yo. PE was initially classified at low, intermediate low, intermediate high and high risk respectively in 42.8, 25.7, 30.5 and 1%. 60 patients (57%) were symptomatics at 6 months. At 5 years, survival was 87.1% with a 17.7% recurrence rate regardless of initial PE presentation and severity, and 50% of patients remain symptomatic. Age, hypertension, diabetes, renal failure, obesity and the existence of a psychiatric pathology are associated with a higher mortality at 5 years. The survival and recurrence of MTVE at 5 years are similar between symptomatic or asymptomatic status at 6 months but symptomatic patients at 6 months are twice as many symptomatic at 5 years than asymptomatic patients at 6 months. Conclusion After an inaugural acute symptomatic PE is 5-year survival was 87%. Age, obesity, diabetes, renal failure, hypertension and the existence of an underlying psychiatric pathology are associated with a poorer prognosis at 5 years. The persistence of symptoms at 6 months of PE was not correlated with survival or recurrence of VTE at 5 years but at the persistence of symptoms at 5 years.