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Hemagglutinin Structure and Activities
- Source :
- Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine. 11(10)
- Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- Hemagglutinins (HAs) are the receptor-binding and membrane fusion glycoproteins of influenza viruses. They recognize sialic acid-containing, cell-surface glycoconjugates as receptors but have limited affinity for them, and, as a consequence, virus attachment to cells requires their interaction with several virus HAs. Receptor-bound virus is transferred into endosomes where membrane fusion by HAs is activated at pH between 5 and 6.5, depending on the strain of virus. Fusion activity requires extensive rearrangements in HA conformation that include extrusion of a buried "fusion peptide" to connect with the endosomal membrane, form a bridge to the virus membrane, and eventually bring both membranes close together. In this review, we give an overview of the structures of the 16 genetically and antigenically distinct subtypes of influenza A HA in relation to these two functions in virus replication and in relation to recognition of HA by antibodies that neutralize infection.
- Subjects :
- chemistry.chemical_classification
0303 health sciences
biology
030306 microbiology
Glycoconjugate
Endosome
viruses
Hemagglutinin (influenza)
Lipid bilayer fusion
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Orthomyxoviridae
Membrane Fusion
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Virus
Cell biology
03 medical and health sciences
Hemagglutinins
chemistry
Viral replication
biology.protein
Humans
Antibody
Glycoprotein
030304 developmental biology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 21571422
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....67376987dddd8638c0d05d4daf1f781b