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It is very crucial to know the biomechanics of the septal cartilage and adjacent structures during septoplasty. The aim of this study was to investigate the strength changes of different L-strut models after mucoperichondrium elevation, application of septal extension grafts and spreader grafts on an experimental lamb model. Ten lamb heads were dissected according to a dissection protocol and septal resistances were measured with the newton meter at six zones. Three different L-strut types were designed, and all the L-strut models were created at different widths of 15mm, 10mm, and 5mm. In addition, effects of two different types of septal extension grafts and spreader grafts were compared. After mucoperichondrium elevation and harvesting the septum cartilage, there was a significant decrease in the septum resistance (p 0.05). There was no significant difference between the overlapping SEG and end-to-end SEG in terms of septum resistance (p >0.05). This was the first study to measure septal resistance in lamb heads. The mucoperichondrium and L-strut width were important structures for maintaining septal resistance. Chondrotomy style was not crucial, but as the width of the L-strut increased, the septal resistance increased. The septal extension grafts regardless of suturing style and the spreader grafts added strength to the caudal septum.

I investigate combinations of quasi-quanta expressions and how they yield alternatesolutions for expressions inMorphic Topology of Numeric Energy: A Fractal Morphism of Topological Counting Shows Real Differentiation of Numeric Energy. For Praising Jehovah, I do publish these mathematical gesturing forms from the infinity meaning of His word. Thanks mom! This quasi-quanta language package outlines methods for combining by topo- logical functor entanglement, symbolic, numeric-energy components. Methods, guidelines and algebraic rules for combining the quasi-quanta into the energy number equivalencies are also notated herein. The Quasi-Quanta Language Package is intended to show the symbolic pat- terns for configuring the quasi quanta symbology into the numeric energy ex- pressions. This should put to rest any doubt that Energy Numbers are indeed a real, logically configured phenomenon a priori to real or complex numbers, but optionally mappable to the real or complex plane. Pre-numeric energy symbol configurations offer a broad language of pat- tern detection and logical symbol operation delineated with particular solving methods herein. This hopefully provides a new way to looking at the branches of mathematics and their inter-operable analog functions. So, inevitably, we decompose the current perspective on numbers and prove a novel method for ordering and combining symbolic orientations.

In the article, the content of the skills intended to become the subject of students in teaching materials for the "Point in space, straight line, plane" educational unit, which is included in the content of the Mathematics subject in the X classes of general education schools, is presented. Attention is directed to the place of the content elements that perform the "enabling function" in the formation of the mentioned skills in the "Point in space, straight line, plane" educational unit and to the technology of turning them into action in the students' cognition. "Point, straight line and plane in space" of the transformed elements in the educational unit "Point, straight line and plane" The mutual position of straight lines and planes in space", "Parallelism of a straight line and a plane. Perpendicularity of a straight line to a plane. The angle between a straight line and a plane", "Theorem of three perpendiculars", "Angle between two planes”. “Dihedral angles. Perpendicular planes", "Parallel planes. Projections and ProblemSolving" are appropriate to make it into a system on topics. We should note that the task system, which serves to organize and manage the educational process for mastering the content elements presented by the students, should contain verbs that are required to be performed on the topics. It included examples of tasks in the work's content.

This paper explores a conflict a pre-service physics teacher experienced while completing a teaching practicum at a religious high school that supported creationism. As a result of the conflict, the pre-service teacher was scapegoated by the staff and students at the school. An analysis of the projective dynamics involved in this conflict are explored including scapegoating, psychic inflation, fanaticism for science, and what was constellated in the pre-service teacher’s personal, familial, and cultural unconscious. In examining the pre-service teacher’s unconscious, it will be suggested that religion is part of the pre-service teacher’s repressed shadow and the cooperating/mentor teacher’s religious projections helped to constellate this shadow element. By examining the conflicts that arise between pre-service teachers and their cooperating teachers as a result of psychodynamics and differing worldviews, educators can begin to understand how analytical psychology may be applied so that such conflicts may be depotentiated in the future.

Performance art and theatre have established themselves as enduring pillars of society, encompassing dramatic storytelling, information dissemination, and captivating spectacles. This pervasive cultural influence has given rise to a dedicated field of performance and entertainment theory, enhancing our understanding of how performance shapes society and how society, in turn, shapes performance. Given its deep integration into society, performance art naturally engages in a symbiotic relationship with evolving technology. Technology plays a vital role in theatre, enhancing performances and expanding creative possibilities. Its integration reflects society's embrace of innovation and its desire for immersive storytelling experiences. Both parts of this thesis seek to further investigate and understand the complex role of technology in theatre; the technical portion explores how technology implementations can effectively address functional problems within the theatre space, while the STS portion aims to assess the level of acceptance and meaningful utilization of such technology by the social actors behind it. While technology's involvement in performance art is nothing new, the rapid advancement of digital technologies in recent decades has sparked debates on the extent to which classical works should embrace these new special effects capabilities. In particular, innovations in projection and video art design have the potential to enhance or detract from the authenticity and immersiveness of theatre as a sacred, distinctly human space. For the STS portion of this thesis, such controversies and conflict between theatre and technology will be explored, for the purpose of analyzing how these technologies have transformed the theatrical landscape and challenged traditional notions of "classic" performance art. Through the use of interviews and literature review, this investigation will engage with the social actors involved with the incorporation of projection technology in live theatre. In doing so, it will provide a closer examination of the impact these technologies bring to the production and rehearsal process, how and where such technologies are used, and the general reception of this emerging direction in theatre among theatre-goers and artists alike. While such reception of projection technology was predominantly positive, characterized by anticipation for future possibilities, a consensus among professionals in the space that its effectiveness and value lie in its judicious and purposeful application. In connection with the research done on the complex relationship between theatre and technology, the technical topic portion of this thesis will further explore how projection art technology has been applied in the UVA Drama Department specifically. Since projection technology is relatively new to the UVA theatre scene (at least, when compared to more seasoned technologies such as sound and lighting design), there were found to be shortcomings with regards to the projection system implementation in the Culbreth theatre for the UVA Drama Department’s production of When The Rain Stops Falling. For this production in particular, show designers were faced with the unique challenge of incorporating extensive use of projection technologies on a level that had yet been done at UVA. Projection designers, technicians, and operators undertook the complex responsibility of crafting and programming a series of projected videos onto the theatre set, with the intention of aligning the creative vision and technological constraints to ensure a harmonious integration of visuals within the production. This technical topic will cover what functional challenges and shortcomings were faced, how designers and operators managed to leverage resourceful programming solutions to resolve those shortcomings, and the degree to which such solutions led to a successful production. While there are still ways the process could be improved in the future, the creative teams behind the production are satisfied with the show’s success, and believe the creative vision was delightfully actualized. Overall, both elements to this thesis, both STS and technical, come to the consensus that projection technologies have a strong role in theatre, and can be applied in fantastic ways to build an immersive and captivating experience for the audience. This, however, can only be achieved if the technology is modeled and guided by the human artists behind the scenes, as improper application or incorporation without defined purpose may lead to an unrewarding experience that deeply discredits the long and arduous design process. It is crucial to understand the impact of technology (such as projection art) on theatre because it shapes the way stories are told, enhances production capabilities, and significantly influences audience experiences. Understanding this effect allows us to appreciate the evolving nature of theatre, explore new artistic possibilities, and examine the broader relationship between technology and culture in our society. For future investigations, it is recommended that more research be done on the ever evolving theatre technology industry, as exciting innovations continue to spring up in the mainstream at a faster pace than ever before.

Imposition methods of interface conditions for the second-order wave equation with non-conforming grids is considered. The spatial discretization is based on high order finite differences with summation-by-parts properties. Previously presented solution methods for this problem, based on the simultaneous approximation term (SAT) method, have shown to introduce significant stiffness. This can lead to highly inefficient schemes. Here, two new methods of imposing the interface conditions to avoid the stiffness problems are presented: 1) a projection method and 2) a hybrid between the projection method and the SAT method. Numerical experiments are performed using traditional and order-preserving interpolation operators. Both of the novel methods retain the accuracy and convergence behavior of the previously developed SAT method but are significantly less stiff., 17 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to Journal of Scientific Computing 29 May 2022

The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) is an auditory neuroprosthesis that provides hearing to deaf patients by electrically stimulating the cochlear nucleus (CN) of the brainstem. Whether such stimulation activates one or the other of the CN's two major subdivisions is not known. Here, we demonstrate clear response differences from the stimulation of the dorsal (D) vs. ventral (V) subdivisions of the CN in a mouse model of the ABI with a surface-stimulating electrode array. For the DCN, low levels of stimulation evoked multiunit responses in the inferior colliculus (IC) that were unimodally distributed with early latencies (avg. peak latency of 3.3 ms). However, high levels of stimulation evoked a bimodal distribution with the addition of a late latency response peak (avg. peak latency of 7.1 ms). For the VCN, in contrast, electrical stimulation elicited multiunit responses that were usually unimodal and had a latency similar to the DCN's late response. Local field potentials (LFP) from the IC showed components that correlated with early and late multiunit responses. Surgical cuts to sever the output of the DCN, the dorsal acoustic stria (DAS), gave insight into the origin of these early and late responses. Cuts eliminated early responses but had little-to-no effect on late responses. The early responses thus originate from cells that project through the DAS, such as DCN's pyramidal and giant cells. Late responses likely arise from the spread of stimulation from a DCN-placed electrode array to the VCN and could originate in bushy and/or stellate cells. In human ABI users, the spread of stimulation in the CN may result in abnormal response patterns that could hinder performance.

Based on the thesis of Ernst Kapp about the projection of organs during the initial creation of tools, the current article tries to show that this thesis still has its implications today. Indeed, if Kapp claims that the man created tools by observing his organs and their functionality, then it should also be stated that today, from a technical point of view, the man has reached the position of projecting technically sophisticated tools for the replacement of human organs. There is an increasing tendency of human organ replacement aiding, and in many ways facilitating, human life, but also conscious and coordinated cyborgization and robotics with the aim of accelerating and improving that same life to the level of challenging a new stage of its evolution. Thus, the current framework of the philosophy of technology emerges, which was mainly initiated by Kapp's thesis., U članku se na temelju teze njemačkoga teoretičara i pionira filozofije tehnike, Ernsta Kappa, o projekciji organa prilikom početnoga stvaranja oruđa, nastoji pokazati kako ta teza ima svoje implikacije još i danas, posebice u pogledu njezine reverzibilnosti. Naime, kada Kapp tvrdi da su sva oruđa nastala tako što je čovjek promatrao svoje organe i njihovu funkcionalnost, a da je među svim organima napose ruka oruđe svih oruđa, onda isto tako valja ustvrditi kako se je danas od projekcije organa prispjelo tome da je čovjek s aspekta tehnike dospio u poziciju da projicira tehnički sofisticirana oruđa za zamjenu ljudskih organa. Sve je prisutnija pojava zamjene ljudskih organa kao pripomoći i u mnogočemu olakšavanja čovjekova života, ali isto tako i svjesne i koordinirane kiborgizacije i robotike s ciljem pospješivanja i unaprjeđenja toga istoga života do razine izazivanja novoga stupnja njegove evolucije. Tako se stvaraju aktualni okviri filozofije tehnike, koja je uvelike započela sa naznačenom Kappovom tezom.

The projection of becoming elderly is one of the things that young people rarely think about in facing the next phase. The purpose of this study was to analyze the projections of youth into the elderly, which include attitudes and readiness to care for the elderly, youth expectations when they become elderly, and the efforts made to face the elderly. The research involves 224 people, about 17-24 years of age. The gender distribution was 75 males and 149 females. Data collection using an open questionnaire. The analysis used is theme/categorization analysis and descriptive analysis. The results show that youth who care for the elderly are not necessarily ready to become elderly. Both prepared and unprepared, both groups of subjects hope to have a prosperous life, have financial independence, and have a happy family.

Traditional research on mass ideology has focused on the degree to which citizens organize their political attachments and issue positions. Borrowing from Converse's (1964) classic definition of constraint, internal belief system structure results from citizens learning "what goes with what" and adjusting their policy positions accordingly. Mainstream scholarship rooted within this paradigm finds that the average citizen is largely non-ideological; only a sophisticated, motivated, and engaged minority possesses a sufficient degree of attitude cohesion to possess ideologically constrained political beliefs. The classic argument about ideological innocence seems to hold true even in early 21th century America - an unprecedented era of hyper-partisanship and polarization among politicians and media elites. Whatever is driving increasing distrust among partisan groups and between voters and their representatives seems to be largely unrelated to citizens' actual positions on hot-button issues. While insightful, this classic perspective is likely incomplete. Besides structuring political attitudes *held by individual people*, increasing levels of ideological polarization among elites may influence the way in which the average citizen *infers political attitudes likely held by other* *citizens* (a.k.a. ideological projection). One result of growing media and elite polarization and the rise of politically incendiary content on social media may thus be increased reliance on ideological projection. Higher levels of ideological projection may, in turn, be responsible for important downstream consequences such as lower interpersonal trust, out-group affect, and anti-social political behavior. This research further investigates whether the degree to which coherently structured, and ideologically polarized beliefs about the attitudes of other people predict inter-group attitudes, voting behavior, and trust in the political system. Constraint and ideological projection Classic scholarship at the intersection of public opinion and mass ideology has focused on the various inter-relationships between different political attitudes held by citizens. One potential influence of political ideologies on public opinion lies in building and strengthening internal coherence within these attitudes. After more than seven decades of research, American public opinion scholars generally conclude that the US public neither exhibits a strong degree of internal consistency, nor that mass attitudes are sharply divided along a major liberal-conservative axis. All in all, the rigid ideological divisions seen among Congress elites and leading media representatives are not mirrored by belief systems of the mass public. However, citizens may rely on ideology regardless of their individually held political attitudes. Beyond individual attitude structure, political ideologies also represent broad sets of socially shared schemata which can orient people in their perception of political realities. Identifying candidates, policies, social groups, or even other citizens as "socialist", "green", or "conservative" can help people decide whether to support the specific cause without personally subscribing to issue positions that would qualify themselves as a "socialist," "socialist", "green", or "conservative". Furthermore, these schemata can guide voters' choices among relatively unknown candidates, especially when these strategically select which among their positions to reveal and it remains up to voters to fill in the gaps. Recent research further documents that many citizens are aware of ideological group norms and by and large understand the group pressures resulting from the increasing partisan-ideological messaging by political elites. Such norms might add additional content and meaning to ideological schemata as citizens are socialized into different ideological communities. Increasing political polarization at the elite level may also have contributed to more stereotyped views about the social composition of partisan supporters, as Ahler and Sood (2018) note. Such stereotypes can provide another source of ideological perception without necessarily altering citizens stances on important political issues. In contrast to the policy-constraint approach, research under the broad ideological perception umbrella tends to conclude that the average citizen is not only capable of using, but is also keen to use elementary ideological heuristics. In this way, a citizenry lacking issue constraint may still rely on ideological cues when making inferences about the political world around them. We argue that one consequence resulting from citizens reliance on ideological schemata in a hyper-polarized political environment is that *projected* ideological belief systems --- connections between issue attitudes that people infer in others --- have grown more coherent and polarized when compared with belief systems constructed from those people's actual issue beliefs. People, in other words, perceive each other's political attitudes in a more polarized manner than the reality of their actual issue opinions would suggest.

ObjectivesTo make projections of cigarette consumption that incorporate state-specific trends in smoking behaviors, assess the potential for states to reach an ideal target, and identify State-specific targets for cigarette consumption.MethodsWe used 70 years (1950-2020) of annual state-specific estimates of per capita cigarette consumption (expressed as packs per capita or "ppc") from the Tax Burden on Tobacco reports (N = 3550). We summarized trends within each state by linear regression models and the variation in rates across states by the Gini coefficient. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were used to make state-specific forecasts of ppc from 2021 through 2035.ResultsSince 1980, the average rate of decline in US per capita cigarette consumption was 3.3% per year, but rates of decline varied considerably across US states (SD = 1.1% per year). The Gini coefficient showed growing inequity in cigarette consumption across US states. After reaching its lowest level in 1984 (Gini = 0.09), the Gini coefficient began increasing by 2.8% (95% CI: 2.5%, 3.1%) per year from 1985 to 2020 and is projected to continue to increase by 48.1% (95% PI = 35.3%, 64.2%) from 2020 to 2035 (Gini = 0.35; 95% PI: 0.32, 0.39). Forecasts from ARIMA models suggested that only 12 states have a realistic chance (≥50%) of reaching very low levels of per capita cigarette consumption (≤13 ppc) by 2035, but that all US states have opportunity to make some progress.ConclusionWhile ideal targets may be out of reach for most US states within the next decade, every US state has the potential to lower its per capita cigarette consumption, and our identification of more realistic targets may provide a helpful incentive.

In this study, we investigate question expectedness as a measure of at-issueness. We measure discourse expectations via question expectedness ratings, as developed in Tönnis & Tonhauser (2022). Projection is measured via certainty ratings. We investigate the following hypothesis: The more Q is expected in D prior to S, the more the content c is at-issue in S, where D is a discourse in which sentence S occurs, S is a sentence with an expression that gives rise to content c, Q is a question to which content c of sentence S contextually entails an answer. According to the Gradient Projection Principle (GPP), proposed by Tonhauser et al. (2018), a content c embedded under an entailment-canceling operator projects to the extent that it is not at-issue. Assuming that the GPP holds, our hypothesis predicts that the more Q is expected in D prior to S, the less the content c projects if embedded under an entailment-canceling operator. Accordingly, we measure question expectedness and projectivity and investigate whether there is a negative correlation between the two measures.

Prosociality and social well-being are essential to maintaining the structural foundations of society. Subsequently, understanding when and why people help those in need is critical to promoting social well-being. Social power – defined as a person's influence or control over resources (Keltner, Gruenfeld, and Anderson, 2003) can determine when and how prosocial interactions take place. However, to date there has been no research that has examined how a person’s self-perceptions of their own power and perceptions of other people’s power independently influence prosocial behaviors outside the context of interpersonal relationships. The current research seeks to address this gap in literature by conducting a study to test how self perceptions and perceptions of others’ power are uniquely associated with prosocial behavior. Specifically, we focus on prosocial attitudes toward unhoused populations because it relates to critical social issues that are relevant to a broad population. In this first study, participants will use self report surveys to measure their self-perceptions of social power and agency over their housing situation (IV1), their perceptions of unhoused individuals’ social power and agency over their own housing situation (IV2), and their prosocial attitudes toward unhoused people (DV). We also seek to examine how participant beliefs about broader social issues (specifically work ethic (IV3), homelessness (IV4), and capitalism (IV5)) also influence perceptions of power and prosocial behavior.

The author focuses on the workings of the female analyst-male pair in the consulting room when sexual feelings emerge as part of the adolescent storm. The need for

Alors que la réflexivité est considérée depuis plusieurs décennies comme une compétence incontournable pour les métiers de l’humain, le secteur de l’ingénierie commence à s’en emparer, en l’envisageant comme un levier intéressant de professionnalisation. Mais l’absence d’une culture partagée autour de la réflexivité, de même que l’appétence des étudiants pour les sciences exactes et les difficultés qu’éprouvent certains à considérer leur propre action comme un objet de réflexion, posent question pour la conception de dispositifs pédagogiques visant le renforcement des capacités réflexives. Nous proposons ici, en guise d’état des lieux, d’appréhender les aptitudes à la réflexivité d’étudiants ingénieurs agronomes en début de cursus en analysant des écrits réflexifs rédigés à propos de leurs pratiques et processus d’apprentissage dans le cadre d’un enseignement d’analyse économique et financière. Les niveaux de réflexivité obtenus apparaissent comme étant très divers, à l’image de ce qui peut être décrit dans la littérature consacrée aux métiers de l’humain. Si certains étudiants produisent des écrits réflexifs riches, d’autres peinent à s’engager dans des activités de projection et encore plus dans de véritables démarches d’enquête leur permettant de réinterroger des conceptions personnelles. Nous mettons en évidence plusieurs leviers pour renforcer la réflexivité : l’expression en utilisant une position de parole incarnée, le renforcement de la curiosité vis-à-vis de soi et vis-à-vis d’autrui, la confrontation à des difficultés ou à une situation inédite. Ce travail peut finalement être lu comme une tentative théorique et pratique pour donner corps au concept de réflexivité et prise à la réflexion pédagogique. While reflexivity has been seen as an essential skill in the humanities for several decades, the engineering sector is starting to investigate about this skill, as an interesting way of professionalization. But the lack of shared culture of reflexivity, as well as students’ interest for exact sciences coupled with their difficulties in considering their own action as an objet to be thought, make it difficult to design pedagogical devices aiming at enhancing reflective abilities. In this paper, we want to draw a picture of agricultural engineering students’ reflective abilities by analysing written reflections they produced about their learning practices and process during a study course on economic and financial analysis. We found very different levels of reflexivity, similarly to what is described in the humanities. Some students do write rich reflections, while others have difficulties in involving themselves in projective activities and, more noticeably, in inquiry-based learning enabling them to question their own ways of thinking. We identify different levers to enhance reflexivity: expressing oneself using incarnated speech positions, reinforcing one’s curiosity towards oneself and towards others, and facing difficulties or unprecedented situations. This work can be read as a theoretical and practical proposal to give substance to the reflexivity concept and to provide input for pedagogical reflection.

Background Oral cavity cancer (OCC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) are two common malignancies whose mortality is worryingly increasing worldwide. However, few studies have estimated the mortality trends for these cancers in the coming years. This study analysed the mortality rates for OCC and OPC observed between 1980 and 2019 to generate a predictive model for the next 25 years in Spain. Methods Mid-year population data and death certificates for the period 1980–2019 were obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. The Nordpred program (Norwegian Cancer Registry, Oslo, Norway) was used to calculate adjusted mortality rates as well as estimated mortality projections with an age-period-cohort model for the period 2020–2044. Results The specific mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants for OCC decreased from 2.36 (1980–1984) to 2.17 (2015–2019) and is expected to decline to 1.68 (2040–2044), particularly in males. For OPC, mortality rates rose from 0.67 (1980–1984) to 1.23 (2015–2019) and are projected to drop to 0.71 (2040–2044). In the group of females > 65 years predictions showed rising mortality rates for both OCC and OPC. The predictive model projects more deaths in females than in males for OCC in the period 2040–2044, while deaths for OPC will decrease in males and gradually increase in females. Conclusions Although OCC mortality rates have been found to decrease in males in the last observed decades, there is still room to improve them in females > 65 years in the future by promoting campaigns against smoking and alcohol consumption. OPC mortality will become a growing health problem. Vaccination campaigns for the prevention of human papillomavirus-associated cancers may have a long-term impact on the mortality of these cancers, which should be evaluated in upcoming studies. Clinical relevance Our findings highlighted the importance of closely monitoring OCC and OPC mortality rates in the coming years by age group and sex, and the need to continue preventive measures against the main known risk factors, such as tobacco, alcohol, and human papillomavirus infection.

We present the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) sea-level projections for four Danish cities (Aarhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg and Hirtshals) under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) family of climate scenarios. These sea-level changes projected over the next century are up to an order of magnitude larger than those observed over the previous century. At these cities, year 2150 sea-level changes of between 29 and 55 cm are projected under the very low emissions scenario (SSP1-1.9), while changes of between 99 and 123 cm are projected under the very high emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). These differences highlight the potentially significant impact of remaining opportunities for climate change mitigation. Due to this increase in mean sea level, the mean recurrence time between historically extreme events is expected to decrease. Under the very high emissions scenario, the historical 100-year storm flood event will become a 1- to 5-year event at most Danish harbours by 2100. There is considerable uncertainty associated with these sea-level projections, primarily driven by uncertainty in the future evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet and future sterodynamic changes in ocean volume. The AR6 characterises collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet as a low-probability but high-impact event that could cause several metres of sea-level rise around Denmark by 2150. In climate adaptation policy, the scientific landscape is shifting fast. There has been a tremendous proliferation of diverse sea-level projections in recent years, with the most relevant planning target for Denmark increasing c. 50 cm in the past two decades. Translating sea-level rise projections into planning targets requires value judgments about acceptable sea-level risk that depend on local geography, planning timeline and climate pathway. This highlights the need for an overarching national sea-level adaptation plan to ensure municipal plans conform to risk and action standards.

Beliefs about the world affect language processing and interpretation in several empirical domains. In two experiments, we tested whether subjective prior beliefs about the probability of utterance content modulate projection, that is, listeners’ inferences about speaker commitment to that content. We find that prior beliefs predict projection at both the group and the participant level: the higher the prior belief in a content, the more speakers are taken to be committed to it. This result motivates the integration of formal analyses of projection with cognitive theories of language understanding.

Mass protests that have taken place over the past decade in various Western democracies have called into question the role of police in society, as officers have employed measures to contain rallies protesting for or against various issues. A number of these protests have resorted to violent means, resisting the police or protesting directly against their role and methods. The present study sought to investigate the prototypical representations of the police that lay citizens use to forge or desist identification with police officers. Social identification enables citizens to consider the police as ingroup members, facilitating respect for their authority. Conversely, identifying the police as outgroup precipitates resistance. The study involved 41 in-depth interviews carried out with citizens of Malta between May and June 2020. Thematic Networks Analysis revealed various points of consensus as well as a number of controversial themes. In particular, respondents demonstrated sceptical attitudes regarding policing on the beat for fear of overfamiliarity, rooted in introspective attributions projected at the police as merely human. Moreover, respondents expressed support for technological innovations that overcome natural psychological tendencies. The findings of this study suggest that seeking increasing trust in the police may be a red herring for policymakers. Rather, efforts should be directed at developing inter-objective systems, (e.g. body-cams), that overcome individual psychological propensities., peer-reviewed

I prove that a closed $n$-regular set $E \subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$ with plenty of big projections has big pieces of Lipschitz graphs. This answers a question of David and Semmes., Comment: 40 pages. v3: referee comments incorporated

La retraducció al català de grans autors i obres clàssiques de la literatura universal com Homer, Faulkner, Whitman o Puixkin han contribuït els darrers anys a despertar l'interès dels mitjans de comunicació convencionals, crear nous públics lectors per a aquestes obres i enriquir el sistema cultural. Operacions editorials que, alhora, han servit per projectar debats i temes culturals i visibilitzar la figura del traductor. The retranslation into Catalan of great authors and classic works of universal literature such asHomer, Faulkner, Whitman and Pushkin, have contributed in recent years to arouse the interestof the conventional media, create new readers for these works and enrich the cultural system.Editorial operations that, at the same time, have served to project debates and cultural issuesand make the figure of the translator visible.

This registration includes the hypotheses and analytic plan document for secondary data analysis of the DRRAW I parent project (osf.io/ekv6x).

O objetivo deste estudo é de projetar o rendimento médio da população masculina brasileira no longo prazo, levando em consideração o atual processo de envelhecimento e o aumento da escolaridade no país. Utilizando dados censitários, pesquisas por amostra de domicílios e projeções populacionais e educacionais, estimativas até 2050 indicam que envelhecimento da população e aumento da escolaridade apresentam um impacto no crescimento anual do rendimento médio brasileiro em 2%. O grande desafio futuro é aumentar a proporção da população brasileira com nível superior completo.

The Dataset provides propjected population numbers by scenario, sex, age and year from 2015 to 2070.

Neutrality remains a key concept underpinning the psychoanalytic attitude, but its operation in the clinical setting must be reconfigured if the countertransference is to be used as a source of data, conveyed by projective identification. Subjective responses thus mobilized in the analyst need to be processed before attention can return to the evenly suspended state, from which greater objectivity flows. Theory, internalized as part of the analyst’s emotional learning, operates preconsciously in the session; in clinical work with racial matters this includes, crucially, familiarity with internal racism, of which a model is briefly described. These ideas are illustrated via two clinical vignettes in which these themes are traced.

Quality assessment is one of the most common processes in the agri-food industry. Typically, this task involves the analysis of multiple views of the fruit. Generally speaking, analyzing these single views is a highly time-consuming operation. Moreover, there is usually significant overlap between consecutive views, so it might be necessary to provide a mechanism to cope with the redundancy and prevent the multiple counting of defect points. This paper presents a method to create surface maps of fruit from collections of views obtained when the piece is rotating. This single image map combines the information contained in the views, thus reducing the number of analysis operations and avoiding possible miscounts in the number of defects. After assigning each piece with a simple geometrical model, 3D rotation between consecutive views is estimated only from the captured images, without any further need for sensors or information about the conveyor. The fact that rotation is estimated directly from the views makes this novel methodology readily usable in high-throughput industrial inspection machines without any special hardware modification. As proof of this technique’s usefulness, an application is shown where maps have been used as input to a CNN to classify oranges into different categories.

El siguiente libro aborda aspectos sobre la vivienda, su relación directa con el ser humano y las posibles situaciones a las que este puede enfrentarse a lo largo de su vida. El proyecto brinda una certera contribución a la proyección de vivienda accesible por medio del análisis riguroso del usuario con discapacidad y sus herramientas de interacción con el espacio, empleando las medidas y requerimientos mínimos para vivienda accesible avalados por la legislación colombiana y los escenarios a escala 1.1 fotografiados y complementados con esquemas, planos e isométricos de los espacios que diariamente proponen mayor barrera arquitectónica a los usuarios con discapacidad. Además, el texto aporta un punto de partida con información precisa y comprobada que brindará un acompañamiento a la hora de crear nuevos proyectos de vivienda multifamiliar accesible e inclusivo que facilite la independencia de sus usuarios sin dejar de lado las consideraciones de operatividad, técnica constructiva, compacidad e integración al trazado urbano en múltiples escalas y dimensiones (2D y 3D). Palabras clave: vivienda, proyección, multifamiliar, accesible, discapacidad, inclusivo, independencia Abstract The following book addresses aspects regarding housing, its direct relationship with the human being and the possible situations that they may face throughout their life. The project provides an accurate contribution to the projection of accessible housing through the rigorous analysis of the user with disabilities and their tools for interaction with space. It is proposed considering the minimum measures and requirements for accessible housing endorsed by Colombian legislation and the photographed 1.1 scale scenarios complemented with diagrams, plans, and isometrics of the spaces that daily represent the biggest architectural barrier to users with disabilities. Additionally, the text contributes a starting point with accurate and proven information that will provide an accompaniment when creating news accessible and inclusive multi-family housing project that facilitates the independence of its users without neglecting the considerations of operability, constructive technique, compactness and integration to the urban layout in multiple scales and dimensions (2D and 3D). Keywords: housing, projection, multifamily, accessible, disability, inclusive, independence http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Pregrado

SARS-CoV-2 infections are now spreading across the world. Different measures were used by governments around the world to combat the spread of COVID-19. The efficacy of social distancing approaches in reducing the spread of COVID-19 in Ethiopia was investigated using geospatial technologies and the CHIME model. The COVID-19 response was predicted, measured, and compared after 25%, 75%, and 95% social distancing interventions in Ethiopia. Social distancing strategies flatten and delay the epidemic curve, according to the model findings. The model result shows that most new events and hospitalizations were avoided when social distancing measures were in effect. Social distancing can provide a critical time for increasing healthcare capability, and the research findings could assist policymakers in estimating the immediate number of resources required and planning for potential COVID-19 initiatives in Ethiopia.

In efforts to control disease, mathematical models and numerical targets play a key role. We take the elimination of a viral infection as a case for exploring mathematical models as ‘evidence‐making interventions’. Using interviews with mathematical modellers and implementation scientists, and focusing on the emergence of models of ‘treatment‐as‐prevention’ in hepatitis C control, we trace how projections detach from their calculative origins as social and policy practices. Drawing on the work of Michel Callon and others, we show that modelled projections of viral elimination circulate as ‘qualculations’, taking flight via their affects, including as anticipation. Modelled numerical targets do not need ‘actual numbers’ or precise measurements to perform their authority as evidence of viral elimination or as situated matters‐of‐concern. Modellers grapple with the ways that their models transform in policy and social practices, apparently beyond reasonable calculus. We highlight how practices of ‘holding‐on’ to projections in relation to imaginaries of ‘evidence‐based’ science entangle with the ‘letting‐go’ of models beyond calculus. We conclude that the ‘virtual precision’ of models affords them fluid evidence‐making potential. We imagine a different mode of modelling science in health, one more attuned to treating projections as qualculative, affective and relational, as excitable matter.

Aims/hypothesis Type 2 diabetes can lead to reduced productivity during working age. We aimed to estimate productive life years lost associated with type 2 diabetes on the individual and population level in Germany in 2020 and 2040, while accounting for future trends in mortality. Methods Based on a mathematical projection model, we estimated age- and sex-specific productivity losses associated with type 2 diabetes during working age (20–69 years) in Germany in 2020 and 2040. Productivity losses in terms of excess mortality (years of life lost, YLL) and reductions in labour force participation, presenteeism and absenteeism (years of productivity lost, YPL) were summed to calculate productivity-adjusted life years (PALY) lost. Input data for the projection were based on meta-analyses, representative population-based studies and population projections to account for future trends in mortality. Results Compared with a person without type 2 diabetes, mean PALY lost per person with type 2 diabetes in 2020 was 2.6 years (95% CI 2.3, 3.0). Of these 2.6 years, 0.4 (95% CI 0.3, 0.4) years were lost due to YLL and 2.3 (95% CI 1.9, 2.6) years were lost due to YPL. Age- and sex-specific results show that younger age groups and women are expected to lose more productive life years than older age groups and men. Population-wide estimates suggest that 4.60 (95% CI 4.58, 4.63) million people with prevalent type 2 diabetes in 2020 are expected to lose 12.06 (95% CI 10.42, 13.76) million PALY (1.62 million years due to YLL and 10.44 million years due to YPL). In 2040, individual-level PALY lost are projected to slightly decrease due to reductions in YLL. In contrast, population-wide PALY lost are projected to increase to 15.39 (95% CI 13.19, 17.64) million due to an increase in the number of people with type 2 diabetes to 5.45 (95% CI 5.41, 5.50) million. Conclusions/interpretation On the population level, a substantial increase in productivity burden associated with type 2 diabetes was projected for Germany between 2020 and 2040. Efforts to reduce the incidence rate of type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related complications may attenuate this increase. Graphical abstract

Let $A$ and $B$ be Borel subsets of the Euclidean $n$-space with $\dim A + \dim B > n$. This is a survey on the question: what can we say about the Hausdorff dimension of the intersections $A\cap (g(B)+z)$ for generic orthogonal transformations $g$ and translations by $z$., This survey is based on the talk I gave in Karoly Simon's 60+1 birthday conference in Budapest in June 2022

Spatial ability is one of the essential abilities to be mastered by students, especially in geometry. There is not much research, especially in Indonesian, that examines students' spatial abilities and their relation to Descriptive Geometry. This study aims to analyze students' misconceptions in the Descriptive Geometry course and describe the profile of students' spatial abilities in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study's subjects from the Mathematics Education Department of Universitas Negeri Jakarta. This research is descriptive qualitative. The learning was carried out in 16 meetings with three initial meetings offline, and the next 13 meetings online. The test was given twice at the 8th and 16th meetings accompanied by interviews with students who made mistakes in taking the test. The test results showed that students who made mistakes did not have the ability to spatial perception, spatial relation, and spatial orientation. However, there was a case of students who made mistakes still having the ability to spatial perception, spatial relation, and spatial orientation. The obstacles that affect students' spatial abilities are online learning that is not supported by technical matters, namely: limited internet networks and internet quota availability.

Conventionally, geometric computing problems are treated as algebraic computing problems by representing a geometric object in a global reference coordinate system. This approach has two problems. The first problem is that the intuitive view of the interaction of objects is lost, and the second problem is that algebraic computing is prone to errors for degenerated cases related to the interaction of (e.g., notable case of “divided by zero”). In this paper, we propose a new approach to geometric computing especially to analyze the interaction of two objects (e.g., two triangles). The main idea behind this new approach is a specially-tailored local coordinate system for two interacting objects is defined, which makes the projection of the objects on this local coordinate system represent the true geometry of the objects. This idea significantly departs from the conventional approach which is primarily based on the concept of the global coordinate system. Three examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Among them, one example is related to the robustness of methods for analyzing the relations of two interacting objects, which is still an open issue in the field of geometric computing and suggests that the proposed approach could have some benefit to robustness in analysis.

In this paper, an active set quasi-Newton method for bound constrained nonlinear equation is proposed. By using this active set technique, we only need to solve a reduced dimension linear equation at each iteration to generate the search direction. The algorithm is a combination of the quasi-Newton method and projection method. Firstly we use the quasi-Newton step as the trial step and then use a projection technique to generate the next iteration point. Our key observation is that the algorithm generates a bounded iteration sequence automatically even if the bounds are equal to infinity and the global convergence is obtained in the sense that the whole sequence converges to the stationary point. The numerical tests show the efficiency of the algorithm.

Representing altered states of consciousness, even through the most phantasmal of technical images, is an inherent contradiction; once we attribute a physical body, i.e. objectivity, to mental images, we deny what Husserl considers their very essence. Jean Mitry draws from this assumption when discussing filmic access to mental states from a phenomenological perspective. The following essay reconsiders Mitry’s contribution with specific reference to the role of projection, technically and metaphorically speaking, in the cinematic technique and imagination; this, with the intention of suggesting some crucial questions for the comparison between the filmic forms of the visible and those inaugurated by the technology of the virtual.

In recent publications we have drawn attention to the fact that if the dynamics of a model is structurally unstable, then the presence of structural model error places in-principle limits on the model’s ability to generate decision-relevant probability forecasts. Writing with a varying array of co-authors, Eric Winsberg has now produced at least four publications in which he dismisses our points as unfounded; the most recent of these appeared in this journal. In this paper we respond to the arguments of Winsberg and his co-workers, and we point out that their criticisms fail. We take this as an opportunity to restate and explain our arguments, and to point to fruitful directions for future research.

Background We assess the impact of prevention strategies regarding type 2 diabetes as a modifiable risk factor for dementia and its consequences for the future number of dementia patients in Germany. Methods We used a random sample of health claims data (N = 250,000) of insured persons aged 50+ drawn in 2014, and data on population size and death rates in 2015 from the Human Mortality Database. Using exponential hazard models, we calculated age- and sex-specific transition probabilities and death rates between the states (no diabetes/no dementia, diabetes/no dementia, no diabetes/dementia, diabetes/dementia). In multi-state projections, we estimated the future number of dementia cases aged 75+ through 2040 depending on the development of the incidence of diabetes among persons without diabetes and without dementia, and the dementia incidence among persons with and without diabetes. Results In 2015 there were 1.53 million people with dementia aged 75+ in Germany. A relative annual reduction in death rates of 2.5% and in dementia incidence in persons without diabetes of 1% will increase this number to 3.38 million by 2040. A relative reduction of diabetes incidence by 1% annually would decrease dementia cases by around 30,000, while a reduction of dementia incidence among people with diabetes by 1% would result in 220,000 fewer dementia cases. Both prevention strategies combined would prevent 240,000 dementia cases in 2040. Conclusions The increase in life expectancy is decisive for the future number of people with dementia. Strategies of better diabetes treatment have the potential to lower the increase in the number of dementia patients in the coming decades.

This essay relies on the somatising identification mechanism, conceived to account for the delayed effects of projective identifications on the body, in this case by immunodeficiency. Three clinical cases with a similar dynamic will lead the author to deduce the mechanisms at work in the double operation of transduction from the psychic to the somatic, and transmission from one generation to the next. In each case, borderline mothers have suffered from their father's lack of interest and seem to be using their daughter to take revenge narcissistically. Defenceless, the latter grow in a state of resignation and it is their own daughters who become sometimes bubble babies, sometimes neutropenic or who develops juvenile arthritis. The initial obstacle to oedipal structuring appears as the trigger of these transgenerational pathologies whose somatic outcome would be the return of a denied symbolic castration. Destructive aggression is the common thread that most likely involves epigenetic modifications. To comprehend this type of alteration happening at the passage from psychic to somatic, a splitting of the primordial self is postulated at the undifferentiated level of the protomental. It is from this originary intersection, contained in a pre-object transitionality, that psychic and somatic paths are initiated. Bion and de M'Uzan serve as main references, as well as Anzieu and Green.

Mobilya, genel bir ifade ile insanların günlük yaşamdaki ihtiyaçlarını dikkate alarak yaşadıkları ortamları donattıkları veya dekore ettikleri taşınabilir eşyalardır. Mobilya sanayisi yarattığı katma değer ile ülkemiz ekonomisi açısından önemli sektörlerinden birisi olmuştur. Ancak, fiyat ve miktar açısından hammadde temininde karşı karşıya kalınan dalgalanmalar sektörü olumsuz olarak etkileyebilmektedir. Bu durum, günümüz pandemi koşullarında daha da ön plana çıkmış olup sektör üzerinde etkisini hissettirmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, mobilya üretiminde hammadde ile ilgili olarak karşı karşıya kalınan tedarik sorunları değerlendirilmiş ve mobilya üretim sürecinin ana girdilerinden birisi olan MDF/HDF’nin 2001-2020 yıllarına ait üretim, ithalat ve ihracat verileri FAO (Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Teşkilatı) resmi web sitesinden alınmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Analizlerde basit doğrusal regresyon yöntemi ile modeller oluşturulmuş ve anlamlı regresyon modelleri kullanılarak tahminler ve projeksiyonlar yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, ithalat verileri kullanılarak oluşturulan modelin istatistiksel olarak anlamsız olduğu görülmüş, öte yandan üretim ve ihracat verileri için kurulan anlamlı modeller kullanılarak tahminler gerçekleştirilmiştir. 2030 yılı dikkate alınarak yapılan projeksiyonlar sonucunda MDF/HDF’nin üretim ve ihracat değerlerinde kayda değer bir artış olacağı öngörülmektedir., Furniture, in general, is the portable items that people equip or decorate their living environments by taking into account their daily needs. The furniture industry has become one of the important sectors in terms of our country’s economy with the added value it creates. However, fluctuations in raw material supply in terms of price and quantity may adversely affect the sector. This situation has come to the fore even more in today’s pandemic conditions and has made its impact on the sector. Within the scope of this study, the supply problems related to raw materials in furniture production were evaluated and the production, import, and export data of MDF/HDF, one of the main inputs of the furniture production process, for the years 2001-2020 were taken from the official website of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and analyzed. In the analysis, models were created with the simple linear regression method, and predictions and projections were made using meaningful regression models. As a result of the study, it was seen that the model created using import data was statistically insignificant, on the other hand, estimations were made using significant models established for production and export data. As a result of the projections made by considering the year 2030, it is foreseen that there will be a significant increase in the production and export values of MDF/HDF.

[Background] The number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases was expected to increase during the Tokyo Olympic Games because of the increased physical contact within and between the domestic population and international participants of the Games. The rapid rise of the Delta variant (B.1.617) in Japan meant that hosting the Olympic Games without any restrictions was likely to lead to an increase in cases. We aimed to quantitatively assess possible COVID-19 response strategies for the Olympic Games, comparing the prevalence of severe cases and the cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths via scenario analysis. [Methods] We used a discrete-time deterministic compartmental model structured by age group. Parameters were calibrated using the age-stratified COVID-19 incidence data in Osaka. Numerical simulations incorporated the planned Olympics Games and nationwide COVID-19 vaccination into the proposed model, alongside various subjects and types of countermeasures. [Results] Our model-informed approach suggested that having spectators at the Tokyo Olympic Games could lead to a surge in both cases and hospitalization. Projections for the scenario that explicitly incorporated the spread of the Delta variant (i.e., time-dependent increase in the relative transmissibility) showed that imposing stringent social distancing measures (Rt=0.7) for more than 8 weeks from the end of the Olympic Games might be required to suppress the prevalence of severe cases of COVID-19 to avoid overwhelming the intensive care unit capacity in Tokyo. [Conclusions] Our modeling analyses guided an optimal choice of COVID-19 response during and after the Tokyo Olympic Games, allowing the epidemic to be brought under control despite such a large mass gathering.

Cancer is a major public health issue. In response, policy‐makers have implemented a range of preventative interventions targeting key risk factors. Using OECD's Strategic Public Health Planning for Noncommunicable Diseases model, this article examines the health and economic impact of six primary prevention interventions targeting cancer. Findings can assist decision‐makers efficiently allocate resources to meet public health objectives., Cancer is a noncommunicable disease (NCD) with increasing incidence and therefore constitutes a major public health issue. To reduce the health and economic burden of cancer, policy‐makers across the world have implemented a range of preventative interventions targeting risk factors with a known link to the disease. In this article, we examine the impact of six primary prevention interventions – related to physical inactivity, unhealthy diet or harmful alcohol use – on cancer‐related health outcomes and healthcare expenditure. Here, we used the OECD Strategic Public Health Planning for NCDs (SPHeP‐NCDs) model to quantify outcomes and costs for each intervention for years 2020–2050 across 37 countries. Results from the model indicate that all interventions could lead to a reduction in the number of new cancer cases, in particular those targeting harmful alcohol consumption. Introducing an alcohol tax, for instance, is estimated to reduce related cancer cases by 5619 a year or 174 193 by 2050. A breakdown of results by type of cancer revealed interventions had the largest impact on colorectal cancer with, on average, 41 140 cases avoided per intervention by 2050. In proportional terms, interventions had the greatest impact on new oesophageal and liver cancers. Findings from this article are designed to assist decision‐makers efficiently allocate limited resources to meet public health objectives.

Introduction Many medical practitioners avoid discussing the subject of sexuality with their patients because they are afraid of invading their privacy. Aim This study was carried out to discover what patients feel when asked about their sexuality by their GP. Methods A qualitative study was carried out that involved 96 patients aged 18 to 86. The patients were recruited from 4 medical offices in the South of France. A substitute general practitioner asked the patients, “How is your sexuality these days?” during routine consultations. The patients were then asked how they felt about that question in semi-structured interviews. Main Outcome Measures This study highlights the existence of a discrepancy between physicians’ beliefs and patients’ expectations. Indeed, physicians fear that they would embarrass their patients if they address the subject of sexual intimacy. As it turns out, 93% of the patients would have welcomed that question. Results 34 patients (35%) were surprised by the question. 7 patients (7%) found the question unwelcome. 89 patients (93%) had a neutral or positive feeling. 78 patients (81%) deemed that sexual history should form an integral part of GP consultations (50% were in favor of systematic screenings for sexual dysfunctions, while 31% preferred targeted screenings). 2 patients (2%) found that the question had boosted their confidence and strengthened the doctor-patient relationship. Conclusion Most patients do not deem that their GP is invading their privacy if the GP touches upon the subject of sexuality, even if the patient’s visit was for a different reason. Before addressing the issue, the GP must ensure that an appropriate framework of trust, care, and empathy is in place. If this framework is present, the patient will be able to overcome his/her feelings of surprise and know that there is a safe space to talk freely about this topic.

This paper suggests that being black in a white majority world attracts powerful racist projections whose cumulative effect can be deeply traumatising, a problem that has not received due attention in mainstream psychoanalysis. This theme is developed through a description of how this difficulty, and the patient's inner response to it, came to light at the beginning of an analysis. The patient, who grew up as the only brown-skinned child in his white family and community, and without a father, suffered from a lifelong preoccupation with men's genitals. On the couch he experienced extreme bodily discomfort that he sought to relieve through violent sexual thrusting; the paper describes how the stance of negative capability was employed to investigate the dynamics underpinning this. This brought to light the patient's experience of racist projection and intolerance on the part of his objects, as well as his identification with them. The importance of recognising and naming these experiences, gradually and as evidence permits, are seen as central in engaging him. The paper ends by discussing how the analyst's blackness may have facilitated this development, and underlines the urgency of addressing the neglect of these matters in the mainstream of our largely white profession.

BACKGROUND Augmentation of facial components is an acceptable approach in facial aesthetics. The best filler material and the optimal technique for facial soft tissue augmentation still remain to be determined. This study has assessed the lip augmentation using post-auricular fibroareolar tissue as a new autogenous filler. METHODS This prospective study enrolled patients who were candidate for lip augmentation. Loose fibroareolar tissue was harvested from post-auricular region and was inserted in the prepared lip pocket. Standard digital photography was used for lip analysis in each patient before and 6 months after surgery (the height and projection of the upper lip and lower lip). RESULTS At a mean follow-up period of 6 months, average upper and lower lip height increased from 5.27 to 8.72 mm (p

Purpose To present an open‐source software (https://github.com/CHUSRadOncPhys/FluoMV) for monitoring intrafraction motion that is based on the visualization of superimposed contours of projected region‐of‐interests from DICOM RTSTRUCT files on cine‐MV images acquired and displayed in real‐time during radiation therapy delivery. Clinical use with prostate gold fiducial markers is presented. Methods Projections of regions of interest (ROI) in the reference frame of the electronic portal imaging device are computed offline for different gantry angles before the first treatment fraction. During treatment delivery, the contrast of portal images is automatically adjusted using a histogram equalization algorithm. The projections associated with the current gantry angle are then superimposed on the images in real time. This allows the therapist to evaluate if the imaged structures of interest remain within their respective contours during treatment delivery and to potentially interrupt the treatment if deemed necessary. The spatial accuracy of the method was evaluated by imaging a ball bearing phantom in a set‐up where the position of the projected ROI is highly sensitive to gantry angle errors. The visibility of fiducial markers during one fraction of seven different volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) prostate treatments is characterized. Results The geometric validation showed a negligible systematic error μ

Future electricity consumption may increase due to climate change, but the amplitude depends on the interaction between many uncertain mechanisms. Based on the linear model and policy model, the residential and commercial electricity consumption in Jiangsu province are projected under the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The linear model considers climate and socioeconomic factors, and the policy model also takes policy factors into account. We find that the cooling degree days (CDD) coefficient is about 3 times of heating degree days (HDD), which reflects that the cooling demand is much larger than heating, and also shows in the projection. The results of the policy model are generally lower than the linear model, which is the impact of policy factors. For example, the SSP1 and SSP2 of the policy model are 320 TW h and 241.6 TW h lower than the linear model in 2100, respectively. At the end of the 21st century, the residential and commercial electricity consumption in Jiangsu province will reach 107.7–937.9 TW h per year, 1.3–11.6 times of 2010. The SSP1 scenario under the policy model is based on feasible assumptions, and can be used as the target scenario for policymakers to establish energy intensity reduction targets.

Background and objective This was a population-based ecological with data of deaths from the Mortality Information System. The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal trends of mortality induced by bronchi and lung cancer in Brazil and its geographical regions between 2001 and 2015 and secondly to calculate predictions for 2016-2030. Material and methods The mortality trends were analyzed by the Joinpoint regression and calculation of predictions was used the Nordpred software. Results There was a reduction trend in lung cancer mortality among Brazilian men living in South and Southeast regions of Brazil. However, there was an increasing trend in lung cancer mortality among Brazilian women living in Northeast, Southeast, and South regions of Brazil. When comparing the last observed period and the last foreseen period for males, it is expected an increase of 12.86% in the number of deaths, justified mainly by the change in population structure, with a reduction in the risk of death by the disease. For women, the expected increase is 26.22%, justified both by population structure, and the increased risk of deaths from the disease. The higher rates will be observed in the southern region of the country, for both sexes. Conclusion The mortality induced by lung and bronchial cancer in Brazil was unevenly distributed. However lung cancer incidence had a reducing trend, the mortality caused following it was increased among men. For women, the rates are rising, and until 2030, the mortality load will continue to rise for both. .

Significance Migration is one of the most controversial political topics in industrialized countries. One important aspect is population aging and the prospects of a shrinking labor force in case of low or no immigration. We address this aspect systematically through multidimensional microsimulations for all European Union (EU) member states. The outcome variables considered go beyond the conventional old-age dependency ratios by also studying labor-force dependency ratios and the introduced productivity-weighted labor-force dependency ratio. We consider a wide range of future migration scenarios differing by volume, educational selectivity of migrants, and labor market integration efforts. Combined with alternative scenarios of labor-force participation for the EU-born population, the findings provide scientific insights for future migration and labor policies in Europe., This paper provides a systematic, multidimensional demographic analysis of the degree to which negative economic consequences of population aging can be mitigated by changes in migration and labor-force participation. Using a microsimulation population projection model accounting for 13 individual characteristics including education and immigration-related variables, we built scenarios of future changes in labor-force participation, migration volumes, and their educational composition and speed of integration for the 28 European Union (EU) member states. We study the consequences in terms of the conventional age-dependency ratio, the labor-force dependency ratio, and the productivity-weighted labor-force dependency ratio using education as a proxy of productivity, which accounts for the fact that not all individuals are equality productive in society. The results show that in terms of the more sophisticated ratios, population aging looks less daunting than when only considering age structure. In terms of policy options, lifting labor-force participation among the general population as in Sweden, and education-selective migration if accompanied by high integration, could even improve economic dependency. On the other hand, high immigration volumes combined with both low education and integration leads to increasing economic dependency. This shows the high stakes involved with integration outcomes under high migration volumes.

Past research showed that people project their goals onto unknown others. The present research investigates whether they also rely on their motivational orientation in terms of regulatory mode (locomotion vs. assessment). In line with work on self‐judgments, a stronger chronic personal focus on locomotion over assessment decreased predictions of others' experiences of nostalgia (Study 1) and increased predictions of others' preference for, motivation by, and evaluation of a transformational over a transactional leader (Study 2). Furthermore, an experimentally induced locomotion mode compared to an assessment mode increased peoples' predictions of others' motivation to reconcile after interpersonal conflict (Study 3). We examined process evidence via the Testing‐Process‐by‐Interaction‐Strategy: As predicted, effects only emerged under time pressure (vs. ample deliberation; Study 2) and for ingroup (vs. outgroup) members (Study 3). These findings suggest that people's regulatory mode is a basis for predicting others' reactions and preferences. We discuss implications and future research directions.

Recent human imaging studies have revealed the involvement of the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) in processes that require high-level information integration, such as self-consciousness, social relations, whole body representation, and metaphorical extrapolations. These functions are far beyond its known role in the formation of body maps (even in their most complex forms), requiring the integration of different information modalities in addition to somatosensory information. However, no evidence of such complex processing seems to have been detected at the neuronal level in animal experiments, which would constitute a major discrepancy between human and non-human animals. This article scrutinizes this gap, introducing experimental evidence of human and non-human primates’ SII functions set in context with their evolutionary significance and mechanisms, functionally situating the human SII as a primate brain. Based on the presented data, a new concept of a somatocentric holistic self is proposed, represented as a more comprehensive body-in-the-world map in the primate SII, taking into account evolutionary aspects that characterize the human SII and its implication in the emergence of self-consciousness. Finally, the idea of projection is introduced from the viewpoint of cognitive science, providing a logical explanation to bridge this gap between observed behavior and neurophysiological data.