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1. Associations of Urinary Uromodulin with Clinical Characteristics and Markers of Tubular Function in the General Population

Author

Pruijm M Ponte B Ackermann D Paccaud F Guessous I Ehret G Pechère-Bertschi A Vogt B Mohaupt

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Allelic variants in UMOD the gene coding for uromodulin are associated with rare tubulointerstitial kidney disorders and risk of CKD and hypertension in the general population. The factors associated with uromodulin excretion in the normal population remain largely unknown and were therefore explored in this study. DESIGN SETTING PARTICIPANTS MEASUREMENTS: Urinary uromodulin excretion was measured using a validated ELISA in two population based cohorts that included more than 6500 individuals. The Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension study (SKIPOGH) included 817 adults (mean age±SD 45±17 years) who underwent renal ultrasonography and performed a 24 hour urine collection. The Cohorte Lausannoise study included 5706 adults (mean age 53±11 years) with fresh spot morning urine samples. We calculated eGFRs using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration formula and by 24 hour creatinine clearance. RESULTS: In both studies positive associations were found between uromodulin and urinary sodium chloride and potassium excretion and osmolality. In SKIPOGH 24 hour uromodulin excretion (median 41 [interquartile range 29 57] mg/24 h) was positively associated with kidney length and volume and with creatinine excretion and urine volume. It was negatively associated with age and diabetes. Both spot uromodulin concentration and 24 hour uromodulin excretion were linearly and positively associated (multivariate analyses) with eGFR

Published
2016

2. The relation of body mass index and abdominal adiposity with dyslipidemia in 27 general populations of the WHO MONICA Project

Author

Hobbs, MST, Jamrozik, K., Thompson, PL, Armstrong, BK, de Backer, G, De Craene, I, Van Onsem, P, Van Parys, L., De Henauw, S, De Bacquer, D, Kornitzer, M, Berghmans, L., Bara, L, de Smet, P, Jeanjean, M, Brohet, C, Kulbertus, HE, Degre, S, Lavenne, F, Jansens, D, Lefebvre, F., Beck, D, Wunsch, G., Bertrand, F., van Houte, M., Rime, B., Rorive, G, Hannot, R., Adrienne, A, Luyckx, A, Wolf, HK, Gregor, RD, Bata, IR, Brownell, B., Webber, K, Skodova´, Z, Pisa, Z., Berka, L., Cicha, Z., Cerovska´, J, Emrova´, R, Hoke, M, Hronkova, M., Pikhartova´, J., Grafnetter, D., Poledne, R., Vojtisek, P., Vorlicek, J., Wiesner, E, Schroll, M, Kirchhoff, M, Sjøl, A., Quitsau Lund, S, Tuomilehto, J, Puska, P., Vartiainen, E., Korhonen, H., Jousilahti, M, Ducimetie`re, P, Richard, JL, Bingham, A., Lang, T, Amouyel, P, Cottel, D., Nuttens, MC, Marecaux, N., Dallongeville, J., Salomez, J. L., Montaye, M., Steclebout, C, Arveiler, D, Schaffer, P, Haas, V, Wagner, A, Lamamy, N., Savouret, M, Houset, M., Pierau, F., Goetz, V, Ferrie`res, J, Ruidavets, JB, Cambou, JP, Rodier, P., Saulet, C, Greiser, E., Herman, B., Stu¨demann, G, Nu¨ssel, E., Osto¨r Lamm, E., Scheidt, R., Morgenstern, W., Stadler, M, Ganova, M, Keil, U, Tietze, M., Banos, R., Do¨ring, A., Filipiak, B, Barth, W, Heinemann, L, Muche, J., Schmalfuss, S., Assmann, A., Bo¨thig, S., Voigt, G., Brasche, S., Quietzsch, D., Classen, E, Sigfu´sson, N, Gudmundsdo´ttir, II, Stefa´nsdo´ttir, I, Thorsteinsson, T., Sigvaldason H, Menotti, A, Giampaoli, S., Verdecchia, A, Righetti, G., De Pasquale, B., Di Raimo, P, Forte, E., Majetta, A, Vanuzzo, D, Feruglio, GA, Pilotto, L., Cignacco, G., Marini, R., Zilio, G, Cesana, GC, Ferrario, M, Sega, R., Mocarelli, P, BRAMBILLA, PAOLO, Bluzhas, J, Domarkiene, S., Tamosiunas, A., Reklaitiene, R, Beaglehole, R, Jackson, R, Bonita, R, Stewart, A., Mahon, V, Bingley, W, Pajak, A, Sznajd, J, Kawalec, E., Pazucha, T., Malczewska, M., Mo´rawska, I, Rywik, SL, Broda,V, Polakowska, M., Kurjata, P, Varlamova, A, Britov, A., Konstantinov, V, Timofeeva, V, Alexandri, V, Konstantinova, O, Nikitin, Y.u. P, Malyutina, S., Gafarov, V, Feigin, V, Sans, S., Balaguer Vintro´, V, Balana`, V, Gonzalez, V, Gomez, V, Borras, V, Rode´s, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Harmsen, P., Rosengren, A., Lappas, G, Asplund, K., Huhtasaari, F., Stegmayr, B., Lundberg V, Gutzwiller, F, Paccaud, F., Rickenbach, M., Wietlisbach, V., Barazzoni, F, Mainieri, F., Tullen, B, Evans, V, McCrum, EE, Falconer, T, Cashman, S., Patterson, C., Kerr, M., O’Reilly, D., Scott, A., McConville, M., McMillan, I., McMaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H., Smith, WCS, Tavendale, R., Crombie, V, Barrett, K., Brown, C., Shewry, M., Hannh, M. K, Morrisson, C, Planojevic, M, Jakovljevic, D., Svircevic, A., Mirilov, V., Strasser, V., Mendis, S., Martin8, I, Gyarfas8, V, Pı´_sa8, V, Dodu8, S. R. A., Bo¨thig8, S., Watson, M. J., Hill, M., Price, A, Kuulasmaa, K., Tuomilehto, J., Ruokokoski, E, Rajakangas, A. M., Ma¨kinen, M., Virman Ojanen, T, Palonen, L., Akkila, J, Cepaitis, Z., Molarius, A., Moltchanov, V., Tolonen, H, Grafnetter, D, Dobson, A., Fortmann, SP, Shatchkute, A, Zaitsev, V, Epstein, FH, Feinleib, M, Karvonen, MJ, Prineas, RJ, Williams, OD, Hobbs, M, Jamrozik, K, Thompson, P, Armstrong, B, de Backer, G, De Craene, I, Van Onsem, P, Van Parys, L, De Henauw, S, De Bacquer, D, Kornitzer, M, Berghmans, L, Bara, L, de Smet, P, Jeanjean, M, Brohet, C, Kulbertus, H, Degre, S, Lavenne, F, Jansens, D, Lefebvre, F, Beck, D, Wunsch, G, Bertrand, F, van Houte, M, Rime, B, Rorive, G, Hannot, R, Adrienne, A, Luyckx, A, Wolf, H, Gregor, R, Bata, I, Brownell, B, Webber, K, Skodova´, Z, Pisa, Z, Berka, L, Cicha, Z, Cerovska´, J, Emrova´, R, Hoke, M, Hronkova, M, Pikhartova´, J, Grafnetter, D, Poledne, R, Vojtisek, P, Vorlicek, J, Wiesner, E, Schroll, M, Kirchhoff, M, Sjøl, A, Quitsau Lund, S, Tuomilehto, J, Puska, P, Vartiainen, E, Korhonen, H, Jousilahti, M, Ducimetie`re, P, Richard, J, Bingham, A, Lang, T, Amouyel, P, Cottel, D, Nuttens, M, Marecaux, N, Dallongeville, J, Salomez, J, Montaye, M, Steclebout, C, Arveiler, D, Schaffer, P, Haas, V, Wagner, A, Lamamy, N, Savouret, M, Houset, M, Pierau, F, Goetz, V, Ferrie`res, J, Ruidavets, J, Cambou, J, Rodier, P, Saulet, C, Greiser, E, Herman, B, Stu¨demann, G, Nu¨ssel, E, Osto¨r Lamm, E, Scheidt, R, Morgenstern, W, Stadler, M, Ganova, M, Keil, U, Tietze, M, Banos, R, Do¨ring, A, Filipiak, B, Barth, W, Heinemann, L, Muche, J, Schmalfuss, S, Assmann, A, Bo¨thig, S, Voigt, G, Brasche, S, Quietzsch, D, Classen, E, Sigfu´sson, N, Gudmundsdo´ttir, I, Stefa´nsdo´ttir, I, Thorsteinsson, T, Sigvaldason, H, Menotti, A, Giampaoli, S, Verdecchia, A, Righetti, G, De Pasquale, B, Di Raimo, P, Forte, E, Majetta, A, Vanuzzo, D, Feruglio, G, Pilotto, L, Cignacco, G, Marini, R, Zilio, G, Cesana, G, Ferrario, M, Sega, R, Mocarelli, P, Brambilla, P, Bluzhas, J, Domarkiene, S, Tamosiunas, A, Reklaitiene, R, Beaglehole, R, Jackson, R, Bonita, R, Stewart, A, Mahon, V, Bingley, W, Pajak, A, Sznajd, J, Kawalec, E, Pazucha, T, Malczewska, M, Mo´rawska, I, Rywik, S, Broda, V, Polakowska, M, Kurjata, P, Varlamova, A, Britov, A, Konstantinov, V, Timofeeva, V, Alexandri, V, Konstantinova, O, Nikitin, Y, Malyutina, S, Gafarov, V, Feigin, V, Sans, S, Balaguer Vintro´, V, Balana`, V, Gonzalez, V, Gomez, V, Borras, V, Rode´s, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Harmsen, P, Rosengren, A, Lappas, G, Asplund, K, Huhtasaari, F, Stegmayr, B, Lundberg, V, Gutzwiller, F, Paccaud, F, Rickenbach, M, Wietlisbach, V, Barazzoni, F, Mainieri, F, Tullen, B, Evans, V, Mccrum, E, Falconer, T, Cashman, S, Patterson, C, Kerr, M, O’Reilly, D, Scott, A, Mcconville, M, Mcmillan, I, Mcmaster, D, Tunstall Pedoe, H, Smith, W, Tavendale, R, Crombie, V, Barrett, K, Brown, C, Shewry, M, Hannh, M, Morrisson, C, Planojevic, M, Jakovljevic, D, Svircevic, A, Mirilov, V, Strasser, V, Mendis, S, Martin8, I, Gyarfas8, V, Pı´_sa8, V, Dodu8, S, Bo¨thig8, S, Watson, M, Hill, M, Price, A, Kuulasmaa, K, Ruokokoski, E, Rajakangas, A, Ma¨kinen, M, Virman Ojanen, T, Palonen, L, Akkila, J, Cepaitis, Z, Molarius, A, Moltchanov, V, Tolonen, H, Dobson, A, Fortmann, S, Shatchkute, A, Zaitsev, V, Epstein, F, Feinleib, M, Karvonen, M, Prineas, R, and Williams, O

Subjects
Adult, Male, Canada, medicine.medical_specialty, BIO/12 - BIOCHIMICA CLINICA E BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE CLINICA, Waist, Cross-sectional study, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), Logistic regression, Body Mass Index, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Triglycerides, Abdominal obesity, Adiposity, Dyslipidemias, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Smoking, Australia, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Cholesterol, LDL, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, Europe, Menopause, Cross-Sectional Studies, Logistic Models, Endocrinology, Dyslipidemia, Quartile, Obesity, Abdominal, Female, Waist Circumference, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Body mass index, New Zealand, Demography
Abstract

Background and aims: The association between adiposity measures and dyslipidemia has seldom been assessed in a multipopulational setting. Methods and results: 27 populations from Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Canada (WHO MONICA project) using health surveys conducted between 1990 and 1997 in adults aged 35-64 years (n = 40,480). Dyslipidemia was defined as the total/HDL cholesterol ratio >6 (men) and >5 (women).Overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 25% in men and 23% in women. Logistic regression showed that dyslipidemia was strongly associated with body mass index (BMI) in men and with waist circumference (WC) in women, after adjusting for region, age and smoking. Among normal-weight men and women (BMI84.8 cm) in normal-weight men, menopause in women and regular smoking further defined subgroups at increased risk. Conclusion: standard categories of BMI and WC, or their combinations, do not lead to optimal risk stratification for dyslipidemia in middle-age adults. Sex-specific adaptations are necessary, in particular by taking into account abdominal obesity in normal-weight men, post-menopausal age in women and regular smoking in both sexes

Published
2013
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3. Copeptin is associated with kidney length, renal function, and prevalence of simple cysts in a population-based study

Author

Ponte B Pruijm M Ackermann D Vuistiner P Guessous I Ehret G Alwan H Youhanna S Paccaud F Mo

Abstract

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has a key role in osmoregulation by facilitating water transport in the collecting duct. Recent evidence suggests that AVP may have additional effects on renal function and favor cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease. Whether AVP also affects kidney structure in the general population is unknown. We analyzed the association of copeptin an established surrogate for AVP with parameters of renal function and morphology in a multicentric population based cohort. Participants from families of European ancestry were randomly selected in three Swiss cities. We used linear multilevel regression analysis to explore the association of copeptin with renal function parameters as well as kidney length and the presence of simple renal cysts assessed by ultrasound examination. Copeptin levels were log transformed. The 529 women and 481 men had median copeptin levels of 3.0 and 5.2 pmol/L respectively (P

Published
2015

4. Alcohol drinking, the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in a population with high mean alcohol consumption

Author

Clerc O, Nanchen D, Cornuz J, Marques-Vidal P, Gmel G, Daeppen J-B, Paccaud F, Mooser V, Waeber G, Vollenweider P, and Rodondi N

Subjects
Adult, Male, Metabolic Syndrome, Alcohol Drinking, education, Middle Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, mental disorders, Diabetes Mellitus, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Insulin Resistance, Diabetic Angiopathies, Switzerland, Aged
Abstract

AIMS To investigate the relationship of alcohol consumption with the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in a population based study with high mean alcohol consumption. Few data exist on these conditions in high risk drinkers. METHODS In 6172 adults aged 35 75 years alcohol consumption was categorized as 0 1 6 7 13 14 20 21 27 28 34 and = 35 drinks/week or as non drinkers (0) low risk (1 13) medium to high risk (14 34) and very high risk (= 35) drinkers. Alcohol consumption was objectively confirmed by biochemical tests. In multivariate analysis we assessed the relationship of alcohol consumption with adjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome diabetes and insulin resistance determined with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR). RESULTS Seventy three per cent of participants consumed alcohol 16 were medium to high risk drinkers and 2 very high risk drinkers. In multivariate analysis the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome diabetes and mean HOMA IR decreased with low risk drinking and increased with high risk drinking. Adjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 24 in non drinkers 19 in low risk (P

Published
2010

5. Importance of baseline prognostic factors with increasing time since initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy: collaborative analysis of cohorts of HIV-1-infected patients

Author

Sterne, Jonathan A. C., May, Margaret, Sabin, Caroline, Phillips, Andrew, Costagliola, Dominique, Chêne, Geneviève, Justice, Amy C., De Wolf, Frank, Hogg, Robert, Battegay, Manuel, Monforte, Antonella D'Arminio, Gerdtkenheuer, Fa, Staszewski, Schlomo, Gill, John, Egger, Matthias, Casabona, Jordi, Dabis, Francxois, Kitahata, Mari, Leport, Catherine, Lundgren, Jens, Reiss, Peter, Saag, Michael, Weller, Ian, Beckthold, Brenda, Yip, Benita, Dauer, Brenda, Fusco, Jenifer, Lanoy, Emilie, Rickenbach, Martin, Lavignolle, Valerie, Van Sighem, Ard, Pereira, Edwige, Pezzotti, Patrizio, Schmeisser, Norbert, Billaud, E., Boué, F., Costagliola, D., Duval, X., Duvivier, C., Enel, P., Fournier, S., Gasnault, J., Gaud, C., Gilquin, J., Grabar, S., Khuong, M. A., Lang, J. M., Mary Krause, M., Matheron, S., Meyohas, M. C., Pialoux, G., Poizot Martin, I., Pradier, C., Rouveix, E., Salmon Ceron, D., Sobel, A., Tattevin, P., Tissot Dupont, H., Yasdanpanah, Y., Aronica, E, Tirard Fleury, V., Tortay, I., Abgrall, S., Guiguet, M., Lanoy, E., Leneman, H., Lièvre, L., Potard, V., Saidi, S., Vildé, J. L., Leport, C., Yeni, P., Bouvet, E., Gaudebout, C., Crickx, B., Picard Dahan, C., Weiss, L., Tisne Dessus, D., Sicard, D., Salmon, D., Auperin, I., Viard, J. P., Roudière, L., Fior, R., Delfraissy, J. F., Goujard, C., Lesprit, P. h., Jung, C., Meynard, J. L., Picard, O., Desplanque, N., Cadranel, J., Mayaud, C., Rozenbaum, W., Bricaire, F., Katlama, C., Herson, S., Simon, A., Decazes, J. M., Molina, J. M., Clauvel, J. P., Gerard, L., Sellier, P., Diemer, M., Dupont, C., Berthé, H., Saïag, P., Mortier, E., Chandemerle, C., De Truchis, P., Bentata, M., Honoré, P., Tassi, S., Jeantils, V., Mechali, D., Taverne, B., Laurichesse, H., Gourdon, F., Lucht, F., Fresard, A., Faller, J. P., Eglinger, P., Bazin, C., Verdon, R., Peyramond, D., Boibieux, A., Touraine, J. L., Livrozet, J. M., Trepo, C., Cotte, L., Ravaux, I., Delmont, J. P., Moreau, J., Gastaut, J. A., Soubeyrand, J., Retornaz, F., Blanc, P. A., Allegre, T., Galinier, A., Ruiz, J. M., Lepeu, G., Granet Brunello, P., Pelissier, L., Esterni, J. P., Nezri, M., Cohen Valensi, R., Laffeuillade, A., Chadapaud, S., Reynes, J., May, T., Rabaud, C., Raffi, F., Pugliese, P., Michelet, C., Arvieux, C., Caron, F., Borsa Lebas, F., Rey, D., Fraisse, P., Massip, P., Cuzin, L., Arlet Suau, E., Thiercelin Legrand, M. F., Sobesky, M., Pradinaud, R., Contant, M., Montroni, M., Scalise, G., Braschi, M. C., Riva, A., Tirelli, U., Cinelli, R., Pastore, G., Ladisa, N., Minafra, G., Suter, F., Arici, C., Pristera, R., Chiodo, F., Colangeli, V., Fiorini, C., Coronado, O., Carosi, G., Cadeo, G. P., Torti, C., Minardi, C., Bertelli, D., Rizzardini, G., Melzi, S., Manconi, P. E., Piano, P., Cosco, L., Scerbo, A., Vecchiet, J., D'Alessandro, M., Santoro, D., Pusterla, L., Carnevale, G., Citterio, P., Viganò, P., Mena, M., Ghinelli, F., Sighinolfi, L., Leoncini, F., Mazzotta, F., Pozzi, M., Lo Caputo, S., Vullo, Vincenzo, Lichtner, Miriam, Angarano, G., Grisorio, B., Saracino, A., Ferrara, S., Grima, P., Tundo, P., Pagano, G., Cassola, G., Alessandrini, A., Piscopo, R., Toti, M., Chigiotti, S., Soscia, F., Tacconi, L., Orani, A., Perini, P., Scasso, A., Vincenti, A., Chiodera, F., Castelli, P., Scalzini, A., Palvarini, L., Moroni, M., Lazzarin, A., Cargnel, A., Vigevani, G. M., Caggese, L., d'Arminio Monforte, A., Repetto, D., Galli, A., Merli, S., Pastecchia, C., Moioli, M. C., Esposito, R., Mussini, C., Abrescia, N., Chirianni, A., Izzo, C. M., Piazza, M., De Marco, M., Viglietti, R., Manzillo, E., Nappa, S., Antonucci, G., Iacomi, F., Narciso, P., Zaccarelli, M., Colomba, A., Abbadessa, V., Prestileo, T., Mancuso, S., Ferrari, C., Pizzaferri, P., Filice, G., Minoli, L., Bruno, R., Novati, S., Baldelli, F., Tinca, M., Petrelli, E., Cioppi, A., Alberici, F., Ruggieri, A., Menichetti, F., Martinelli, C., De Stefano, C., La Gala, A., Ballardini, G., Rizzo, E., Magnani, G., Ursitti, M. A., Arlotti, M., Ortolani, P., Cauda, R., Dianzani, F., Ippolito, G., Antinori, A., D'Elia, S., Petrosillo, N., De Luca, A., Bacarelli, A., Acinapura, R., De Longis, P., Brandi, A., Trotta, M. P., Noto, P., Capobianchi, M. R., Carletti, F., Girardi, E., Pezzotti, P., Rezza, G., Mura, M. S., Mannazzu, M., Caramello, P., Di Perri, G., Soranzo, M. L., Orofino, G. C., Arnaudo, I., Bonasso, M., Grossi, P. A., Basilico, C., Poggio, A., Bottari, G., Raise, E., Ebo, F., De Lalla, F., Tositti, G., Resta, F., Loso, K., Cozzi Lepri, A., Johnson, A. M., Mercey, D., Phillips, A., Johnson, M. A., Mocroft, A., Murphy, M., Weber, J., Scullard, G., Fisher, M., Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Bucher, H., Bürgisser, P. h., Cattacin, S., Cavassini, M., Dubs, R., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Erb, P., Fantelli, K., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Hirschel, B., Soravia Dunand, V., Furrer, H., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Kaiser, L., Kind, C., Klimkait, T. h., Lauper, U., Ledergerber, B., Opravil, M., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Perrin, L., Piffaretti, J. C., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Buy, E., Bronsveld, W., Hillebrand Haverkort, M. E., Reiss, P., Back, N. K. T., Bakker, M. E. G., Berkhout, B., Jurriaans, S., Cuijpers, T. h., Rietra, P. J. G. M., Roozendaal, K. J., Pauw, W., Van Zanten, A. P., Smits, P. H. M., Von Blomberg, B. M. E., Savelkoul, P., Danner, S. A., Van Agtmael, M. A., Claessen, F. A. P., Perenboom, R. M., Rijkeboer, A., Van Vonderen, M., Kuijpers, T. W., Pajkrt, D., Scherpbier, H. J., Prins, J. M., Bos, J. C., Eeftinck Schattenkerk, J. K. M., Geerlings, S. E., Godfried, M. H., Lange, J. M. A., Van Leth, F. C., Lowe, S. H., Van Der Meer, J. T. M., Nellen, F. J. B., Pogány, K., Van Der Poll, T., Ruys, T. h. A., Sankatsing, S., Steingrover, R., Van Twillert, G., Van Der Valk, M., Van Vonderen, M. G. A., Vrouenraets, S. M. E., Van Vugt, M., Wit, F. W. M. N., Veenstra, J., Van Eeden, A., Veen, J. H., Van Dam, P. S., Roos, J. C., Brinkman, K., Frissen, P. H. J., Weigel, H. M., Mulder, J. W., Van Gorp, E. C. M., Meenhorst, P. L., Mairuhu, A. T. A., Richter, C., Van Der Berg, J., Van Leusen, R., Swanink, C. M. A., Vriesendorp, R., Jeurissen, F. J. F., Franck, P. F. H., Lampe, A. S., Kauffmann, R. H., Koger, E. L. W., Bravenboer, B., Ten Napel, C. H. H., Kootstra, G. J., Schirm, J., Bennw, C. A., Sprenger, H. G., Miesen, W. M. A. J., Doedens, R., Scholvinck, E. H., Ten Kate, R. W., Van Houte, D. P. F., Polee, M., Kroes, A. C. M., Claas, H. C. J., Kroon, F. P., Van Den, Broek, Van Dissel, J. T., Schippers, E. F., Bruggeman, C. A. M. V. A., Goossens, V. J., Schreij, G., Van De Geest, S., Verbon, A., Galama, J. M. D., Melchers, W. J. G., Poort, Y. A. G., Koopmans, P. P., Keuter, M., Post, F., Van Der Ven, A. J. A. M., Doornum, G. J. J., Niesters, M. G., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., Schutten, M., Driessen, G., De Groot, R., Hartwig, N., Van Der Ende, M. E., Gyssens, I. C., Van Der Feltz, M., Den Hollander, J. G., De Marie, S., L. Nouwen, J., Rijnders, B. J. A., De Vries, T. E. M. S., Juttmann, J. R., Van De Heul, C., Van Kasteren, M. E. E., Boucher, C. A. B., Schuurman, R., Geelen, S. P. M., Wolfs, T. F. W., Schneider, M. M. E., Bonten, M. J. M., Borleffs, J. C. C., Ellerbroek, P. M., Hoepelman, I. M., Jaspers, C. A. J. J., Schouten, I., Schurink, C. A. M., Blok, W. L., Tanis, A. A., Groeneveld, P. H. P., Jansen, C. L., Hendriks, R., Veenendaal, D., Storm, H., Weel, J., Van Zeijl, J. H., Buiting, A. G. M., Swaans, C. A. M., Boel, E., Jansz, A. F., Losso, M., Duran, A., Vetter, N., Karpov, I., Vassilenko, A., Clumeck, N., Dewit, S., Poll, B., Colebunders, R., Machala, L., Rozsypal, H., Sedlacek, D., Gerstoft, J., Katzenstein, T., Hansen, A. B. E., Skinhøj, P., Nielsen, J., Lundgren, J., Benfield, T., Kirk, O., Pedersen, C., Zilmer, K., Girard, P. M., Saint Marc, T., Vanhems, P., Dabis, F., Dietrich, M., Manegold, C., Van Lunzen, J., Stellbrink, H. J., Staszewski, S., Bickel, M., Goebel, F. D., Fätkenheuer, G., Rockstroh, J., Schmidt, R., Kosmidis, J., Gargalianos, P., Sambatakou, H., Perdios, J., Panos, G., Filandras, A., Karabatsaki, E., Banhegyi, D., Mulcahy, F., Yust, I., Turner, D., Burke, M., Pollack, S., Hassoun, G., Sthoeger, Z., Maayan, S., Borghi, R., Cotugno, A. D., Gabbuti, A., Chiesi, A., Montesarchio, E., Finazzi, R., D'Arminio Monforte, A., Viksna, L., Chaplinskas, S., Hemmer, R., Staub, T., Bruun, J., Maeland, A., Ormaasen, V., Knysz, B., Gasiorowski, J., Horban, A., Prokopowicz, D., Wiercinska Drapalo, A., Boron Kaczmarska, A., Pynka, M., Beniowski, M., Mularska, E., Trocha, H., Antunes, F., Valadas, E., Mansinho, K., Matez, F., Duiculescu, D., Babes, Victor, Streinu Cercel, A., Vinogradova, E., Rakhmanova, A., Jevtovic, D., Mokráš, M., Staneková, D., González Lahoz, J., Sánchez Conde, M., García Benayas, T., Martin Carbonero, L., Soriano, V., Clotet, B., Jou, A., Conejero, J., Tural, C., Gatell, J. M., Miró, J. M., Blaxhult, A., Karlsson, A., Pehrson, P., Weber, R., Kravchenko, E., Chentsova, N., Barton, S., Brettle, R., Loveday, C., Antunes, Francisco, Blaxhult, Anders, Clumeck, Nathan, Gatell, Jose, Horban, Andrzej, Johnson, Anne, Katlama, Christine, Ledergerber, Bruno, Loveday, Clive, Vella, Stefano, Gjørup, I., Friis Moeller, N., Bannister, W., Mollerup, D., Podlevkareva, D., Holkmann Olsen, C., Kjær, J., Raffanti, Stephen, Dieterch, Douglas, Becker, Stephen, Scarsella, Anthony, Fusco, Gregory, Most, Bernard, Balu, Rukmini, Rana, Rashida, Beckerman, Robin, Ising, Theodore, Fusco, Jennifer, Irek, Renae, Johnson, Bernadette, Hirani, Ashwin, Edwinjesus, De, Pierone, Gerald, Lackey, Philip, Irek, Chip, Johnson, Alison, Burdick, John, Leon, Saul, Arch, Joseph, Helm, Eilke B., Carlebach, Amina, Axelller, Mu, Haberl, Annette, Nisius, Gabi, Lennemann, Tessa, Rottmann, Carsten, Wolf, Timo, Stephan, Christoph, Bickel, Markus, Manfredsch, Mo, Gute, Peter, Locher, Leo, Lutz, Thomas, Klauke, Stephan, Knecht, Gabi, Doerr, Hans W., Stu, Martinrmer, Von Hentig, Nils, Jennings, Beverly, Beylot, J., Chêne, G., Dupon, M., Longy Boursier, M., Pellegrin, J. L., Ragnaud, J. M., Salamon, R., Thiébaut, R., Lewden, C., Lawson Ayayi, S., Mercié, P., Moreau, J. F., Morlat, P., Bernard, N., Lacoste, D., Malvy, D., Neau, D., Blaizeau, M. J., Decoin, M., Delveaux, S., Hannapier, C., Labarrère, S., Lavignolle Aurillac, V., Uwamaliya Nziyumvira, B., Palmer, G., Touchard, D., Balestre, E., Alioum, A., Jacqmin Gadda, H., Bonarek, M., Bonnet, F., Coadou, B., Gellie, P., Nouts, C., Bocquentin, F., Dutronc, H., Lafarie, S., Aslan, A., Pistonne, T., Thibaut, P., Vatan, R., Chambon, D., De La Taille, C., Cazorla, C., Ocho, A., Viallard, J. F., Caubet, O., Cipriano, C., Lazaro, E., Couzigou, P., Castera, L., Fleury, H., Lafon, M. E., Masquelier, B., Pellegrin, I., Breilh, D., Blanco, P., Loste, P., Caunègre, L., Bonnal, F., Farbos, S., Ferrand, M., Ceccaldi, J., Tchamgoué, S., De Witte, S., Alexander, Chris, Barrios, Rolando, Braitstein, Paula, Brumme, Zabrina, Chan, Keith, Cote, Helen, Gataric, Nada, Geller, Josie, Guillemi, Silvia, Richard Harrigan, P., Harris, Marrianne, Joy, Ruth, Levy, Adrian, Montaner, Julio, Montessori, Val, Palepu, Anita, Phillips, Elizabeth, Phillips, Peter, Press, Natasha, Tyndall, Mark, Wood, Evan, Bhagani, S., Byrne, P., Carroll, A., Cuthbertson, Z., Dunleavy, A., Geretti, A. M., Heelan, B., Johnson, M., Kinloch de Loes, S., Lipman, M., Madge, S., Marshall, N., Nair, D., Nebbia, G., Prinz, B., Swaden, L., Tyrer, M., Youle, M., Chaloner, C., Grabowska, H., Holloway, J., Puradiredja, J., Ransom, D., Tsintas, R., Bansi, L., Fox, Z., Harris, E., Hill, T., Lampe, F., Lodwick, R., Reekie, J., Sabin, C., Smith, C., Amoah, E., Booth, C., Clewley, G., Garcia Diaz, A., Gregory, B., Labbett, W., Tahami, F., Thomas, M., Read, Ron, Fatkenheuer, G., Schmeisser, N., Voigt, K., Wasmuth, J. C., Wohrmann, A., Infectious diseases, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Paediatric Infectious Diseases / Rheumatology / Immunology, Landsteiner Laboratory, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Graduate School, Cardiology, APH - Global Health, APH - Quality of Care, AII - Infectious diseases, AII - Inflammatory diseases, and Global Health

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, AIDS, CD4 counts, Highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV, Prognosis, Substance abuse (intravenous), Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Europe, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, Middle Aged, North America, Risk Factors, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Survival Analysis, Pharmacology (medical), Infectious Diseases, Cost effectiveness, Antiretroviral Therapy, Article, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Internal medicine, medicine, Highly Active, Survival analysis, Immunodeficiency, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Hazard ratio, Substance Abuse, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Physical therapy, Intravenous, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Background: The extent to which the prognosis for AIDS and death of patients initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) continues to be affected by their characteristics at the time of initiation (baseline) is unclear. Methods: We analyzed data on 20,379 treatment-naive HIV-1- infected adults who started HAART in 1 of 12 cohort studies in Europe and North America (61,798 person-years of follow-up, 1844 AIDS events, and 1005 deaths). Results: Although baseline CD4 cell count became less prognostic with time, individuals with a baseline CD4 count 350 cells/μL (hazard ratio for AIDS = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0 to 2.3; mortality hazard ratio = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 5.5, 4 to 6 years after starting HAART). Rates of AIDS were persistently higher in individuals who had experienced an AIDS event before starting HAART. Individuals with presumed transmission by means of injection drug use experienced substantially higher rates of AIDS and death than other individuals throughout follow-up (AIDS hazard ratio = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.8 to 3.0; mortality hazard ratio = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.2 to 5.5, 4 to 6 years after starting HAART). Conclusions: Compared with other patient groups, injection drug users and patients with advanced immunodeficiency at baseline experience substantially increased rates of AIDS and death up to 6 years after starting HAART.

Published
2007

6. Introduction

Author

Moessinger A and Paccaud F

Subjects
business.industry, Environmental health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Medicine, business, Perinatal Epidemiology
Published
1994
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7. Tenofovir use is associated with a reduction in calculated glomerular filtration rates in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

Author

Fux, C. A., Simcock, M., Wolbers, M., Bucher, H. C., Hirschel, B., Opravil, M., Vernazza, P., Cavassini, M., Bernasconi, E., Elzi, L., Furrer, H., Battegay, M., Böni, J., Bucher, H., Bürgisser, Ph, Cattacin, S., Dubs, R., Matthias Egger, Erb, P., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Fux, C., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Hösli, I., Kahlert, Ch, Kaiser, L., Karrer, U., Keiser, O., Kind, C., Klimkait, Th, Ledergerber, B., Martinez, B., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Perrin, L., Piffaretti, J. -C, Rauch, A., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Taffé, P., Tarr, P., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Weber, R., and Yerly, S.

9. Incidence of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Europe and North America

Author

Costagliola, D., Dabis, F., Monforte, Ad, Wolf, F., Egger, M., Fatkenheuer, G., Gill, J., Hogg, R., Justice, A., Ledergerber, B., Lundgren, J., May, M., Phillips, A., Reiss, P., Sabin, C., Staszewski, S., Sterne, J., Weller, I., Beckthold, B., Yip, B., Dauer, B., Fusco, J., Grabar, S., Lanoy, E., Junghans, C., Lavignolle, V., Leth, F., Pereira, E., Pezzotti, P., Schmeisser, N., Billaud, E., Boue, F., Duval, X., Duvivier, C., Enel, P., Fournier, S., Gasnault, J., Gaud, C., Gilquin, J., Khuong, Ma, Lang, Jm, Mary-Krause, M., Matheron, S., Meyohas, Mc, Pialoux, G., Poizot-Martin, I., Pradier, C., Rouveix, E., Salmon-Ceron, D., Sobel, A., Tattevin, P., Tissot-Dupont, H., Yasdanpanah, Y., Aronica, E., Tirard-Fleury, V., Tortay, I., Abgrall, S., Guiguet, M., Leneman, H., Lievre, L., Potard, V., Saidi, S., Vilde, Jl, Leport, C., Yeni, P., Bouvet, E., Gaudebout, C., Crickx, B., Picard-Dahan, C., Weiss, L., Tisne-Dessus, D., Sicard, D., Salmon, D., Auperin, I., Viard, Jp, Roudiere, L., Delfraissy, Jf, Goujard, C., Lesprit, P., Jung, C., Meynard, Jl, Picard, O., Desplanque, N., Cadranel, J., Mayaud, C., Rozenbaum, W., Bricaire, F., Katlama, C., Herson, S., Simon, A., Decazes, Jm, Molina, Jm, Clauvel, Jp, Gerard, L., Widal, Ghlf, Sellier, P., Diemer, M., Dupont, C., Berthe, H., Saiag, P., Mortier, L., Mortier, E., Chandemerle, C., Truchis, P., Bentata, M., Honore, P., Tassi, S., Jeantils, V., Mechali, D., Taverne, B., Laurichesse, H., Gourdon, F., Lucht, F., Fresard, A., Faller, Jp, Eglinger, P., Bazin, C., Verdon, R., Peyramond, D., Boibieux, A., Touraine, Jl, Livrozet, Jm, Trepo, C., Cotte, L., Ravaux, I., Delmont, Jp, Moreau, J., Gastaut, Ja, Soubeyrand, J., Retornaz, F., Blanc, Pa, Allegre, T., Galinier, A., Ruiz, Jm, Lepeu, G., Granet-Brunello, P., Pelissier, L., Esterni, Jp, Nezri, M., Cohen-Valensi, R., Laffeuillade, A., Chadapaud, S., Reynes, J., May, T., Rabaud, C., Raffi, F., Pugliese, P., Michelet, C., Arvieux, C., Caron, F., Borsa-Lebas, F., Fraisse, P., Massip, P., Cuzin, L., Arlet-Suau, E., Legrand, Mft, Sobesky, M., Pradinaud, R., Guyon, F., Contant, M., Montroni, M., Scalise, G., Braschi, Mc, Aviano, Ar, Tirelli, U., Cinelli, R., Pastore, G., Ladisa, N., Minafra, G., Suter, F., Arici, C., Chiodo, F., Colangeli, V., Fiorini, C., Coronado, O., Carosi, G., Cadeo, Gp, Torti, C., Minardi, C., Bertelli, D., Rizzardini, G., Melzi, S., Manconi, Pe, Catanzaro, Pp, Cosco, L., Scerbo, A., Vecchiet, J., D Alessandro, M., Santoro, D., Pusterla, L., Carnevale, G., Citterio, P., Vigano, P., Mena, M., Ghinelli, F., Sighinolfi, L., Leoncini, F., Mazzotta, F., Pozzi, M., Lo Caputo, S., Angarano, G., Grisorio, B., Saracino, A., Ferrara, S., Grima, P., Tundo, P., Pagano, G., Cassola, G., Alessandrini, A., Piscopo, R., Toti, M., Chigiotti, S., Soscia, F., Tacconi, L., Orani, A., Perini, P., Scasso, A., Vincenti, A., Chiodera, F., Castelli, P., Scalzini, A., Palvarini, L., Moroni, M., Lazzarin, A., Cargnel, A., Vigevani, Gm, Caggese, L., Repetto, D., 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Gellie, P., Nouts, C., Bocquentin, F., Dutronc, H., Lafarie, S., Aslan, A., Pistonne, T., Thibaut, P., Vatan, R., Chambon, D., La Taille, C., Cazorla, C., Ocho, A., Castera, L., Fleury, H., Lafon, Me, Masquelier, B., Pellegrin, I., Breilh, D., Blanco, P., Loste, P., Caunegre, L., Bonnal, F., Farbos, S., Ferrand, M., Ceccaldi, J., Tchamgoue, S., Witte, S., Buy, E., Alexander, C., Barrios, R., Braitstein, P., Brumme, Z., Chan, K., Cote, H., Gataric, N., Geller, J., Guillemi, S., Harrigan, Harris, M., Joy, R., Levy, A., Montaner, J., Montessori, V., Palepu, A., Phillips, E., Phillips, P., Press, N., Tyndall, M., Wood, E., Ballinger, J., Bhagani, S., Breen, R., Byrne, P., Carroll, A., Cropley, I., Cuthbertson, Z., Drinkwater, T., Fernandez, T., Geretti, Am, Murphy, G., Ivens, D., Johnson, M., Kinloch-De Loes, S., Lipman, M., Madge, S., Prinz, B., Bell, Dr, Shah, S., Swaden, L., Tyrer, M., Youle, M., Chaloner, C., Gumley, H., Holloway, J., Puradiredja, D., Sweeney, J., Tsintas, R., Bansi, L., Fox, Z., Lampe, F., Smith, C., Amoah, E., Clewley, G., Dann, L., Gregory, B., Jani, I., Janossy, G., Kahan, M., Thomas, M., Gill, Mj, Read, R., Schmeisser, V., Voigt, K., Wasmuth, Jc, Wohrmann, A., and Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Coll

10. Adverse events to antiretrovirals in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: Effect on mortality and treatment modification

Author

Keiser, O., Fellay, J., Opravil, M., Hirsch, H. H., Hirschel, B., Bernasconi, E., Vernazza, P. L., Rickenbach, M., Telenti, A., Furrer, H., Battegay, M., Böni, J., Bucher, H., Bürgisser, Ph, Cattacin, S., Cavassini, M., Dubs, R., Matthias Egger, Elzi, L., Erb, P., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Hösli, I., Kahlert, Ch, Kaiser, L., Karrer, U., Kind, C., Klimkait, Th, Ledergerber, B., Martinez, B., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Perrin, L., Piffaretti, J. -C, Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Taffé, P., Tarr, P., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Weber, R., and Yerly, S.

11. [Childhood obesity: definition, consequences, and prevalence]

Author

Chiolero A, Aurélie M Lasserre, Paccaud F, and Bovet P

Subjects
Prevalence, Humans, Obesity, Child, Body Mass Index
Abstract

Since the 1980s, an epidemic of obesity is occurring worldwide among adults and children. The body mass index (BMI) is useful to determine whether a child is overweight or obese because BMI relates strongly to body fat mass. However, contrary to adults, BMI changes with sex and age in children. Sex- and age-specific norms for BMI of the International obesity task force (IOTF) are now widely used. Approximately 15-20% of schoolchildren in Switzerland are currently overweight (or obese) and 2-5% are obese. Obesity is a major public health challenge. It is associated with numerous short and long term health hazards (in particular cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, e.g. diabetes) and it tracks form childhood throughout adulthood. This emphasizes the need for programs and polices aimed at preventing paediatric obesity.

12. Coping with an HIV infection: A multicenter qualitative survey on HIV positive adolescents' perceptions of their disease, therapeutic adherence and treatment

Author

Michaud, P. -A, Suris, J. -C, Thomas, R., Gnehm, H. E., Cheseaux, J. -J, Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Bucher, H. C., Bürgisser, Ph, Calmy, A., Cattacin, S., Cavassini, M., Drack, G., Dubs, R., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Erb, P., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Furrer, H. J., Fux, C., Gayet-Ageron, A., Gerber, S., Gorgievski, M., Grawe, C., Günthard, H., Gyr, Th, Hirsch, H., Hirschel, B., Hösli, I., Hüsler, M., Kaiser, L., Kahlert, Ch, Karrer, U., Kind, C., Klimkait, Th, Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez, B., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Opravil, M., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Rauch, A., Regenass, S., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Taffé, P., Philip TARR, Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Weber, R., Wechsler, A., Wunder, D., Wyler, C. -A, and Yerly, S.

13. Parents living with HIV in a high-income country: Do patients need specific support?

Author

Gredig, D., Nideröst, S., Rickenbach, M., Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Bucher, H. C., Bürgisser, Ph, Calmy, A., Cattacin, S., Cavassini, M., Dubs, R., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Erb, P., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Furrer, H., Fux, C., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Hirsch, H., Hirschel, B., Hösli, I., Kahlert, Ch, Kaiser, L., Karrer, U., Kind, C., Klimkait, Th, Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez, B., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Opravil, M., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Rauch, A., Regenass, S., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Taffé, P., Philip TARR, Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Weber, R., Yerly, S., Koitz, G., Mumelter, B., Colebunders, B., Nöstlinger, C., Vandercam, V., Sonnenberg-Schwan, U., Göbel, F. D., Dedes, N., Giaquinto, C., Bartoli, G., Uberti-Foppa, C., Caldeira, L., Gordillo, V., Asander, A. -S, Wilkins, E., and Asoe, D.

14. CD4+ T-cell count increase in HIV-1-infected patients with suppressed viral load within 1 year after start of antiretroviral therapy

Author

Wolbers, M., Battegay, M., Hirschel, B., Furrer, H., Cavassini, M., Hasse, B., Vernazza, P. L., Bernasconi, E., Kaufmann, G., Bucher, H. C., Böni, J., Bucher, H., Bürgisser, Ph, Cattacin, S., Dubs, R., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Erb, P., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Hirsch, H., Hösli, I., Kahlert, Ch, Kaiser, L., Karrer, U., Kind, C., Klimkait, Th, Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez, B., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Opravil, M., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Taffé, P., Philip TARR, Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Weber, R., and Yerly, S.

16. Obese and fit adolescents have lower blood pressure levels than obese and unfit counterparts

Author

Marcelino G, Melich-Cerveira J, Paccaud F, and Pedro Marques-Vidal

Subjects
Male, Adolescent, Incidence, Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Determination, Body Mass Index, Sex Factors, Physical Fitness, Risk Factors, Odds Ratio, Humans, Female, Obesity, Switzerland, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of physical fitness on the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and body fat (BF) on blood pressure (BP) levels.Cross-sectional study conducted in 25 schools of Lisbon (Portugal), including 2041 boys and 1995 girls aged 10-18. BF was assessed by bioimpedance. Cardiovascular fitness was assessed by the 20-meter shuttle run and classified as fit/unfit. Obesity (BMI or BF defined) was defined according to international criteria.In both sexes, BMI was positively related with systolic and diastolic BP, while BF was only positively related with diastolic BP z-scores. No interaction was found between fitness and BMI categories regarding BP levels, while for BF a significant interaction was found. Being fit reduced the BF-induced increase in the Odds ratio (OR) of presenting with high BP: OR (95% confidence interval) 1.01 (0.73-1.40) and 0.99 (0.70-1.38) for overweight and obese fit boys, respectively, the corresponding values for unfit overweight and obese boys being 1.33 (0.94-1.90) and 1.75 (1.34-2.28), respectively. The values were 0.88 (0.57-1.35) and 1.66 (0.98-2.80) for overweight and obese fit girls, respectively, the corresponding values for unfit overweight and obese being 1.63 (1.12-2.37) and 1.90 (1.32-2.73) respectively. No interaction was found between fitness and BMI-defined overweight and obesity.Being fit reduces the negative impact of BF on BP levels and high BP status in adolescents. This protective effect was not found with BMI.

17. HIV-associated primary pulmonary hypertension: A case control study

Author

Opravil, M., Pechère, M., Speich, R., Joller-Jemelka, H. I., Jenni, R., Russi, E. W., Hirschel, B., Lüthy, R., Battegay, M., Bürgisser, Ph, Doorly, R., Egger, M., Erb, P., Fierz, W., Flepp, M., Francioli, P., Grob, P., Grüninger, U., Ledergerber, B., Malinverni, R., Matter, L., Paccaud, F., Perrin, L., Werner J. Pichler, Rickenbach, M., Rutschmann, O., Vernazza, P., and Overbeck, J.

18. [What CoLaus has brought to public health]

Author

Pedro Marques-Vidal, Paccaud F, Waeber G, and Vollenweider P

Subjects
Adult, Male, Health Status, Smoking, Middle Aged, Overweight, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Obesity, Abdominal, Hypertension, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Obesity, Public Health, Sex Distribution, Switzerland, Aged
Abstract

In order to fulfil their duties, Public health authorities have to rely on valid and recent data on the health status of populations. The CoLaus study helped to update our knowledge regarding the prevalence and management of the main cardiovascular risk factors in the Lausanne population. The results indicate that cardiovascular risk factor management is suboptimal and can still be improved, namely that specific population subgroups could benefit from targeted prevention measures. The CoLaus study also allowed to simulate the effect of different preventive strategies, thus enabling to choose the most (cost) effective ones, an important issue taking into account the current health budget restrictions.

19. Treatment and prognosis of AIDS-related lymphoma in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: Findings from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

Author

Simcock, M., Blasko, M., Karrer, U., Bertisch, B., Pless, M., Blumer, L., Vora, S., Robinson, J. O., Bernasconi, E., Terziroli, B., Moirandat-Rytz, S., Furrer, H., Hirschel, B., Vernazza, P., Sendi, P., Rickenbach, M., Bucher, H. C., Battegay, M., Koller, M. T., Böni, J., Bucher, H., Bürgisser, Ph, Cattacin, S., Cavassini, M., Dubs, R., Matthias Egger, Elzi, L., Erb, P., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Hirsch, H., Hösli, I., Kahlert, Ch, Kaiser, L., Kind, C., Klimkait, Th, Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez, B., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Opravil, M., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Taffé, P., Tarr, P., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Weber, R., and Yerly, S.

20. Hypogonadism in HIV-1-infected men is common and does not resolve during antiretroviral therapy

Author

Wunder, D. M., Bersinger, N. A., Fux, C. A., Mueller, N. J., Hirschel, B., Cavassini, M., Elzi, L., Schmid, P., Bernasconi, E., Mueller, B., Furrer, H., Battegay, M., Böni, J., Bucher, H., Bürgisser, Ph, Cattacin, S., Dubs, R., Matthias Egger, Erb, P., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Hösli, I., Kahlert, Ch, Kaiser, L., Karrer, U., Keiser, O., Kind, C., Klimkait, Th, Ledergerber, B., Martinez, B., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Opravil, M., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Perrin, L., Piffaretti, J. -C, Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schultze, D., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Taffé, P., Tarr, P., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Weber, R., and Yerly, S.

21. [Epidemiology of end-stage renal failure: comparison between 2 Swiss cantons]

Author

Déla Golshayan, Paccaud F, and Jp, Wauters

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Female, Kidney Diseases, Middle Aged, Kidney Transplantation, Hemodialysis Solutions, Switzerland, Aged
Abstract

Since a previous survey in the Valais Canton had shown a disparity in the prevalence of chronic dialysis patients compared to the national mean, an epidemiological survey was conducted in the cantons of Valais (VS) and Vaud (VD) among all the dialysis units (VS 6, VD 6) and all adult dialysis patients (VS 130, VD 187). The survey confirms the disparity in prevalence: VS 476, VD 340 and Switzerland 329 per million inhabitants (p.m.h.). This disparity also exists among different parts of the VS canton: Haut-Valais 316, Valais Central 650 and Bas-Valais 409 per million d'habitants. The mean age at start of therapy and at the time of the survey are comparable: 57 +/- 17 vs 55 +/- 15 years and 62 +/- 15 vs 61 +/- 14 respectively. Among the different etiological diseases, vascular nephropathies are less frequent and hereditary diseases more frequent in the VS canton. Co-morbidity factors were comparable. In VS there are less patients on peritoneal dialysis (6 vs 19%) and on the transplant waiting list (12 vs 16%). Globally, disparities exist in the prevalence of dialysis patients between the 2 cantons; they can be explained by both medical factors (type of nephropathies) and different options in the treatment modalities.

22. Estimating the net contribution of interleukin‐28B variation to spontaneous hepatitis C virus clearance

Author

Julia, di Iulio, Angela, Ciuffi, Karen, Fitzmaurice, Dermot, Kelleher, Margalida, Rotger, Jacques, Fellay, Raquel, Martinez, Sara, Pulit, Hansjakob, Furrer, Huldrych F, Günthard, Manuel, Battegay, Enos, Bernasconi, Patrick, Schmid, Bernard, Hirschel, Eleanor, Barnes, Paul, Klenerman, Amalio, Telenti, Andri, Rauch, S, Yerly, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Boni, J., Bucher, H., Burgisser, P., Calmy, A., Cattacin, S., Cavassini, M., Dubs, R., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Furrer, H., Fux, C., Gorgievski, M., Gu, H., Hirsch, H., Hirschel, B., Ho, I., Kahlert, C., Kaiser, L., Karrer, U., Kind, C., Klimkait, T., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez, B., Mu, N., Nadal, D., Opravil, M., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Rauch, A., Regenass, S., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schupbach, J., Speck, R., Taffe, P., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Weber, R., Yerly, S., University of Zurich, and Telenti, A

Subjects
Genotype, Viral Hepatitis, Remission, Spontaneous, 610 Medicine & health, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Hepacivirus, Biology, 10234 Clinic for Infectious Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetic variation, Humans, Copy-number variation, Allele, Genotyping, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Hepatology, Interleukins, Haplotype, Genetic Variation, Hepacivirus/physiology, Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology, Interleukins/genetics, Interleukins/physiology, Hepatitis C, Chronic, 3. Good health, Interleukin 28B, Immunology, 2721 Hepatology, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Interferons
Abstract

The identification of associations between interleukin-28B (IL-28B) variants and the spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) raises the issues of causality and the net contribution of host genetics to the trait. To estimate more precisely the net effect of IL-28B genetic variation on HCV clearance, we optimized genotyping and compared the host contributions in multiple- and single-source cohorts to control for viral and demographic effects. The analysis included individuals with chronic or spontaneously cleared HCV infections from a multiple-source cohort (n = 389) and a single-source cohort (n = 71). We performed detailed genotyping in the coding region of IL-28B and searched for copy number variations to identify the genetic variant or haplotype carrying the strongest association with viral clearance. This analysis was used to compare the effects of IL-28B variation in the two cohorts. Haplotypes characterized by carriage of the major alleles at IL-28B single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were highly overrepresented in individuals with spontaneous clearance versus those with chronic HCV infections (66.1% versus 38.6%, P = 6 × 10−9). The odds ratios for clearance were 2.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6-3.0] and 3.9 (95% CI = 1.5-10.2) in the multiple- and single-source cohorts, respectively. Protective haplotypes were in perfect linkage (r2 = 1.0) with a nonsynonymous coding variant (rs8103142). Copy number variants were not detected. Conclusion: We identified IL-28B haplotypes highly predictive of spontaneous HCV clearance. The high linkage disequilibrium between IL-28B SNPs indicates that association studies need to be complemented by functional experiments to identify single causal variants. The point estimate for the genetic effect was higher in the single-source cohort, which was used to effectively control for viral diversity, sex, and coinfections and, therefore, offered a precise estimate of the net host genetic contribution. (Hepatology 2011;53:1446-1454)

Published
2011
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23. Replicative phenotyping adds value to genotypic resistance testing in heavily pre-treated HIV-infected individuals--the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

Author

Séverine Louvel, Gladys Martinetti, Enos Bernasconi, Pietro Vernazza, Huldrych F. Günthard, Heiner C. Bucher, Hans H. Hirsch, Jan Fehr, Thomas Klimkait, Sabine Yerly, Christoph A Fux, Viktor von Wyl, Manuel Battegay, Bernard Hirschel, François Hamy, Philippe Bürgisser, Tracey R. Glass, Matthias Cavassini, Jürg Böni, University of Zurich, Klimkait, T, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Bucher, HC., Bürgisser, P., Calmy, A., Cattacin, S., Cavassini, M., Dubs, R., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fehr, J., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Francioli, P., Furrer, H., Fux, CA., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, HF., Hasse, B., Hirsch, HH., Hirschel, B., Hösli, I., Kahlert, C., Kaiser, L., Keiser, O., Kind, C., Klimkait, T., Kovari, H., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Rauch, A., Regenass, S., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schöni-Affolter, F., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., de Tejada BM., Taffé, P., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., von Wyl, V., Weber, R., and Yerly, S.

Subjects
Oncology, 10028 Institute of Medical Virology, Male, Multivariate analysis, viruses, lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, Virus Replication, 10234 Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, 030212 general & internal medicine, Virus Replication/drug effects/physiology, Medicine(all), ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology, Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Resistance, Viral/physiology, Female, HIV Infections/diagnosis, HIV Infections/drug therapy, HIV-1/physiology, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Switzerland, Virus Replication/drug effects, Virus Replication/physiology, General Medicine, HIV Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/virology, 3. Good health, Predictive value of tests, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, 610 Medicine & health, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use, 030304 developmental biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), business.industry, Research, lcsh:R, Odds ratio, Institutional repository, Viral replication, Immunology, HIV-1, 570 Life sciences, biology, business
Abstract

Background Replicative phenotypic HIV resistance testing (rPRT) uses recombinant infectious virus to measure viral replication in the presence of antiretroviral drugs. Due to its high sensitivity of detection of viral minorities and its dissecting power for complex viral resistance patterns and mixed virus populations rPRT might help to improve HIV resistance diagnostics, particularly for patients with multiple drug failures. The aim was to investigate whether the addition of rPRT to genotypic resistance testing (GRT) compared to GRT alone is beneficial for obtaining a virological response in heavily pre-treated HIV-infected patients. Methods Patients with resistance tests between 2002 and 2006 were followed within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS). We assessed patients' virological success after their antiretroviral therapy was switched following resistance testing. Multilevel logistic regression models with SHCS centre as a random effect were used to investigate the association between the type of resistance test and virological response (HIV-1 RNA Results Of 1158 individuals with resistance tests 221 with GRT+rPRT and 937 with GRT were eligible for analysis. Overall virological response rates were 85.1% for GRT+rPRT and 81.4% for GRT. In the subgroup of patients with >2 previous failures, the odds ratio (OR) for virological response of GRT+rPRT compared to GRT was 1.45 (95% CI 1.00-2.09). Multivariate analyses indicate a significant improvement with GRT+rPRT compared to GRT alone (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.31-2.15). Conclusions In heavily pre-treated patients rPRT-based resistance information adds benefit, contributing to a higher rate of treatment success.

Published
2010
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24. Changing patterns of cancer incidence in the early- and late-HAART periods: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

Author

S, Franceschi, M, Lise, G M, Clifford, M, Rickenbach, F, Levi, M, Maspoli, C, Bouchardy, S, Dehler, G, Jundt, S, Ess, A, Bordoni, I, Konzelmann, H, Frick, L, Dal Maso, L, Elzi, H, Furrer, A, Calmy, M, Cavassini, B, Ledergerber, O, Keiser, S, Yerly, University of Zurich, Franceschi, S, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Bucher, HC., Bürgisser, P., Calmy, A., Cavassini, M., Dubs, R., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Furrer, H., Fux, CA., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, HF., Hirsch, HH., Hirschel, B., Hösli, I., Kahlert, C., Kaiser, L., Karrer, U., Kind, C., Klimkait, T., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez de Tejada, B., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Rauch, A., Regenass, S., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schöni-Affolter, F., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Taffé, P., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Weber, R., and Yerly, S.

Subjects
Oncology, Male, Cancer Research, Skin Neoplasms, HAART, Epidemiology, Prevalence, HIV Infections, 10234 Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Neoplasms/*epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Switzerland/epidemiology, Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology, immune system diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Neoplasms, 1306 Cancer Research, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*epidemiology, ddc:616, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, virus diseases, Chromosome Mapping, Middle Aged, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy, Adult, Aged, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, HIV Infections/drug therapy, Humans, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology, Neoplasms/epidemiology, Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology, 2730 Oncology, Switzerland, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, 610 Medicine & health, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Internal medicine, 10049 Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, medicine, Anal cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, Sarcoma, Kaposi, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, business.industry, HIV, 10060 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), medicine.disease, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, age, Immunology, incidence rates, Skin cancer, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996 led to a decrease in the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), but not of other cancers, among people with HIV or AIDS (PWHA). It also led to marked increases in their life expectancy. METHODS: We conducted a record-linkage study between the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and nine Swiss cantonal cancer registries. In total, 9429 PWHA provided 20,615, 17,690, and 15,410 person-years in the pre-, early-, and late-HAART periods, respectively. Standardised incidence ratios in PWHA vs the general population, as well as age-standardised, and age-specific incidence rates were computed for different periods. RESULTS: Incidence of KS and NHL decreased by several fold between the pre- and early-HAART periods, and additionally declined from the early- to the late-HAART period. Incidence of cancers of the anus, liver, non-melanomatous skin, and Hodgkin's lymphoma increased in the early- compared with the pre-HAART period, but not during the late-HAART period. The incidence of all non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) combined was similar in all periods, and approximately double that in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in the incidence of selected NADCs after the introduction of HAART were largely accounted for by the ageing of PWHA.

Published
2010
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25. Immunogenicity and safety of yellow fever vaccination for 102 HIV-infected patients

Author

Olivia, Veit, Matthias, Niedrig, Caroline, Chapuis-Taillard, Matthias, Cavassini, Erik, Mossdorf, Patrick, Schmid, Hi-Gung, Bae, Nadine, Litzba, Thomas, Staub, Christoph, Hatz, Hansjakob, Furrer, S, Yerly, University of Zurich, Furrer, H, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Bucher, H., Bürgisser, P., Cattacin, S., Cavassini, M., Dubs, R., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Erb, P., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Furrer, H., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Hirsch, H., Hirschel, B., Hösli, I., Kahlert, Ch., Kaiser, L., Karrer, U., Kind, C., Klimkait, T., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez, B., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Opravil, M., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Taffé, P., Tarr, P., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Weber, R., and Yerly, S.

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Population, Yellow fever vaccine, HIV Infections, 610 Medicine & health, Viral Plaque Assay, Antibodies, Viral, 2726 Microbiology (medical), Cohort Studies, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Neutralization Tests, Yellow Fever, Antibodies, Viral/blood, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Female, HIV Infections/immunology, Humans, RNA, Viral/blood, Switzerland, Viral Load, Yellow Fever/immunology, Yellow Fever/prevention & control, Yellow Fever Vaccine/adverse effects, Yellow Fever Vaccine/immunology, medicine, Sida, education, Adverse effect, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Yellow Fever Vaccine, virus diseases, 10060 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), 2725 Infectious Diseases, respiratory system, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, nervous system, Immunology, RNA, Viral, Viral disease, business, Viral load, medicine.drug
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Yellow fever vaccine (17DV) has been investigated incompletely in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, and adequate immunogenicity and safety are of concern in this population. METHODS: In the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, we identified 102 patients who received 17DV while they were HIV infected. We analyzed neutralization titers (NTs) after 17DV administration using the plaque reduction neutralization test. NTs of 1:>or=10 were defined as reactive, and those of 1

Published
2009
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26. Durability and outcome of initial antiretroviral treatments received during 2000-2005 by patients in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

Author

Thi Tuyet Nhung, Vo, Bruno, Ledergerber, Olivia, Keiser, Bernard, Hirschel, Hansjakob, Furrer, Manuel, Battegay, Matthias, Cavassini, Enos, Bernasconi, Pietro, Vernazza, Rainer, Weber, S, Yerly, University of Zurich, Ledergerber, B, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Bucher, HC., Bürgisser, P., Calmy, A., Cattacin, S., Cavassini, M., Dubs, R., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Erb, P., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Furrer, H., Fux, C., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Hirsch, H., Hirschel, B., Hösli, I., Kahlert, Ch., Kaiser, L., Karrer, U., Kind, C., Klimkait, T., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez, B., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Opravil, M., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Rauch, A., Regenass, S., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Taffé, P., Tarr, P., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Weber, R., and Yerly, S.

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Nevirapine, Time Factors, Anti-HIV Agents, HIV Infections, 610 Medicine & health, Drug Administration Schedule, 10234 Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Cohort Studies, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Indinavir, Internal medicine, Hepatitis C/complications, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, ddc:616, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Stavudine, Hepatitis B/complications, 2725 Infectious Diseases, Middle Aged, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease, Hepatitis C, Discontinuation, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, 10036 Medical Clinic, 2723 Immunology and Allergy, Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage, Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use, Female, HIV Infections/complications, HIV Infections/drug therapy, Switzerland, Ritonavir, business, HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy, medicine.drug, Cohort study
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Little is known about time trends, predictors, and consequences of changes made to antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens early after patients initially start treatment. METHODS: We compared the incidence of, reasons for, and predictors of treatment change within 1 year after starting combination ART (cART), as well as virological and immunological outcomes at 1 year, among 1866 patients from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study who initiated cART during 2000--2001, 2002--2003, or 2004--2005. RESULTS: The durability of initial regimens did not improve over time (P = .15): 48.8% of 625 patients during 2000--2001, 43.8% of 607 during 2002--2003, and 44.3% of 634 during 2004--2005 changed cART within 1 year; reasons for change included intolerance (51.1% of all patients), patient wish (15.4%), physician decision (14.8%), and virological failure (7.1%). An increased probability of treatment change was associated with larger CD4+ cell counts, larger human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA loads, and receipt of regimens that contained stavudine or indinavir/ritonavir, but a decreased probability was associated with receipt of regimens that contained tenofovir. Treatment discontinuation was associated with larger CD4+ cell counts, current use of injection drugs, and receipt of regimens that contained nevirapine. One-year outcomes improved between 2000--2001 and 2004--2005: 84.5% and 92.7% of patients, respectively, reached HIV-1 RNA loads of

Published
2008
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28. Educating and training the public health workforce

Author

Fred Paccaud, University of Zurich, and Paccaud, F

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Economic growth, HRHIS, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, International health, 610 Medicine & health, 2739 Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 142-005 142-005, Professional Competence, Health promotion, Family medicine, Health care, Education, Public Health Professional, Workforce, medicine, Global health, Humans, Health education, Public Health, business, Health policy
Abstract

We do not know the number of institutions where public health and its closely related topics are taught and trained. According to current estimates,1 there are about 400 schools of public health worldwide, plus an unknown number of units or departments specifically devoted to hygiene, epidemiology, social medicine, etc. This number is rising and, interestingly, a large part of the increase is taking place in low- and middle-income countries. Hopefully, this reflects the improved visibility of public health, and the credentialing of its workforce, now considered the central player in the governance of health systems. The context of this growing power is well known. The worldwide ageing of the population and the correlated epidemiological transition towards chronic and degenerative diseases, …

Published
2011
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29. Impact of Previous Virological Treatment Failures and Adherence on the Outcome of Antiretroviral Therapy in 2007

Author

Marie Ballif, Bruno Ledergerber, Manuel Battegay, Matthias Cavassini, Enos Bernasconi, Patrick Schmid, Bernard Hirschel, Hansjakob Furrer, Martin Rickenbach, Milos Opravil, Rainer Weber, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Bucher, HC., Bürgisser, P., Calmy, A., Cattacin, S., Cavassini, M., Dubs, R., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Furrer, H., Fux, C., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Hirsch, H., Hirschel, B., Hösli, I., Kahlert, Ch., Kaiser, L., Karrer, U., Kind, C., Klimkait, T., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez, B., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Opravil, M., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Rauch, A., Regenass, S., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Taffe, P., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Weber, R., Yerly, S., University of Zurich, and Ledergerber, B

Subjects
Male, HIV Infections/ drug therapy, Public Health and Epidemiology/Infectious Diseases, lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, 10234 Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Cohort Studies, Epidemiology, ddc:576.5, Treatment Failure, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology/ therapeutic use, Infectious Diseases/HIV Infection and AIDS, Viral Load, Middle Aged, RNA, Viral/genetics, Adult, Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology, Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, HIV Infections/drug therapy, HIV-1/drug effects, Humans, Medication Adherence, Patient Selection, Switzerland, Viral Load/drug effects, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Virology/Immunodeficiency Viruses, RNA, Viral, Viral load, Research Article, Cohort study, Cart, medicine.medical_specialty, 610 Medicine & health, 1100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Pharmacotherapy, 1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Internal medicine, medicine, 1000 Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, Odds ratio, Surgery, Clinical trial, Regimen, HIV-1, lcsh:Q, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) has been very successful, especially among selected patients in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to describe outcomes of cART on the population level in a large national cohort. METHODS: Characteristics of participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study on stable cART at two semiannual visits in 2007 were analyzed with respect to era of treatment initiation, number of previous virologically failed regimens and self reported adherence. Starting ART in the mono/dual era before HIV-1 RNA assays became available was counted as one failed regimen. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for virological failure between the two consecutive visits. RESULTS: Of 4541 patients 31.2% and 68.8% had initiated therapy in the mono/dual and cART era, respectively, and been on treatment for a median of 11.7 vs. 5.7 years. At visit 1 in 2007, the mean number of previous failed regimens was 3.2 vs. 0.5 and the viral load was undetectable (4 previous failures compared to 1 were 0.9 (95% CI 0.4-1.7), 0.8 (0.4-1.6), 1.6 (0.8-3.2), 3.3 (1.7-6.6) respectively, and 2.3 (1.1-4.8) for >2 missed cART doses during the last month, compared to perfect adherence. From the cART era, odds ratios with a history of 1, 2 and >2 previous failures compared to none were 1.8 (95% CI 1.3-2.5), 2.8 (1.7-4.5) and 7.8 (4.5-13.5), respectively, and 2.8 (1.6-4.8) for >2 missed cART doses during the last month, compared to perfect adherence. CONCLUSIONS: A higher number of previous virologically failed regimens, and imperfect adherence to therapy were independent predictors of imminent virological failure.

Published
2009
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30. Population pharmacokinetic modelling and evaluation of different dosage regimens for darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected individuals

Author

Arab-Alameddine M, Lubomirov R, Fayet-Mello A, Aouri M, Rotger M, Buclin T, Widmer N, Gatri M, Ledergerber B, Rentsch K, Cavassini M, Panchaud A, Guidi M, Telenti A, La, Décosterd, Chantal Csajka, Hiv, Swiss Cohort Study, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Bucher, HC., Bürgisser, P., Calmy, A., Cattacin, S., Cavassini, M., Dubs, R., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Furrer, H., Fux, CA., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Hirsch, HH., Hirschel, B., Hösli, I., Kahlert, C., Kaiser, L., Karrer, U., Kind, C., Klimkait, T., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Rauch, A., Regenass, S., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., de Tejada BM., Taffé, P., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Weber, R., Yerly, S., University of Zurich, and Csajka, C

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Anti-HIV Agents, Population, 610 Medicine & health, HIV Infections, Pharmacology, 2726 Microbiology (medical), 10234 Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Cmin, Plasma, Young Adult, Pharmacokinetics, immune system diseases, 540 Chemistry, medicine, 2736 Pharmacology (medical), Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Drug Interactions, education, Darunavir, 10038 Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Aged, education.field_of_study, Sulfonamides, Ritonavir, business.industry, virus diseases, Lopinavir, 2725 Infectious Diseases, Middle Aged, NONMEM, Regimen, 3004 Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Darunavir is a protease inhibitor that is administered with low-dose ritonavir to enhance its bioavailability. It is prescribed at standard dosage regimens of 600/100 mg twice daily in treatment-experienced patients and 800/100 mg once daily in naive patients. A population pharmacokinetic approach was used to characterize the pharmacokinetics of both drugs and their interaction in a cohort of unselected patients and to compare darunavir exposure expected under alternative dosage regimens. METHODS: The study population included 105 HIV-infected individuals who provided darunavir and ritonavir plasma concentrations. Firstly, a population pharmacokinetic analysis for darunavir and ritonavir was conducted, with inclusion of patients' demographic, clinical and genetic characteristics as potential covariates (NONMEM(®)). Then, the interaction between darunavir and ritonavir was studied while incorporating levels of both drugs into different inhibitory models. Finally, model-based simulations were performed to compare trough concentrations (Cmin) between the recommended dosage regimen and alternative combinations of darunavir and ritonavir. RESULTS: A one-compartment model with first-order absorption adequately characterized darunavir and ritonavir pharmacokinetics. The between-subject variability in both compounds was important [coefficient of variation (CV%) 34% and 47% for darunavir and ritonavir clearance, respectively]. Lopinavir and ritonavir exposure (AUC) affected darunavir clearance, while body weight and darunavir AUC influenced ritonavir elimination. None of the tested genetic variants showed any influence on darunavir or ritonavir pharmacokinetics. The simulations predicted darunavir Cmin much higher than the IC50 thresholds for wild-type and protease inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 strains (55 and 550 ng/mL, respectively) under standard dosing in >98% of experienced and naive patients. Alternative regimens of darunavir/ritonavir 1200/100 or 1200/200 mg once daily also had predicted adequate Cmin (>550 ng/mL) in 84% and 93% of patients, respectively. Reduction of darunavir/ritonavir dosage to 600/50 mg twice daily led to a 23% reduction in average Cmin, still with only 3.8% of patients having concentrations below the IC50 for resistant strains. CONCLUSIONS: The important variability in darunavir and ritonavir pharmacokinetics is poorly explained by clinical covariates and genetic influences. In experienced patients, treatment simplification strategies guided by drug level measurements and adherence monitoring could be proposed.

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