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Teeth loosening are caused by insufficient supporting tissue, inflammation of periodontal tissue, or occlusal trauma, which is one of the main clinical symptoms of periodontitis. A digital technique for fabricating resin-bonded splinting fixed partial dentures (S-FPDs) is presented. It restores the missing mandible anterior teeth and splints the adjacent periodontally mobile teeth of the patient at the same time. The S-FPDs is designed and fabricated by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology with flexible PMMA material. The workflow is straightforward, convenient, and accurate. Meanwhile, the restoration can meet the esthetic requirements and help with the stability of adjacent loosening natural teeth spontaneously. It could be considered a medium-term provisional restorative treatment option, but further controlled investigations still be needed.

Background: Mobile tooth is a problem that often occurs and result in tooth loss. It caused by disease or periodontal tissue’s injury. Splint is a device that is made to stabilize or tighten mobile tooth due to a trauma or disease. It works by distribute the occlusion pressure to reduce tooth mobility. Removable partial denture frame is one treatment for missing teeth and permanent splints. Objective: The aim of this treatment is to explained effect of periodontal splints for edentulous patient. Case: First case: A woman complained mobile teeth on the incisors. Intraoral examination showed remaining teeth couldn’t be abutment. Second case: A woman complained mobile teeth on the incisors. Intraoral examination showed remaining teeth could be abutment. Case management: First case: Patient was given initial therapy and continued with rehabilitative therapy by removable partial denture metal frame. Second case: Patient was given initial therapy splinting using fiber reinforced composite. A week post treatment patient felt comfortable. Conclusion: It can be concluded periodontal splinting reduced teeth mobility and prevent further damage to the periodontal tissue og Edentulous patient.

Dental traumatic injuries are common in children during the mixed dentition stage. These injuries usually require splinting for stabilization, which is complicated by the various stages of the permanent tooth development and primary tooth exfoliation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on mobility of splint materials and extensions for an avulsed central incisor, stabilized with and without the adjacent incisor under intrusive and extrusive loading with different periodontal ligament (PDL) conditions.Seventeen 3D model variations were created from a CBCT scan of a 7-year-old patient without erupted permanent upper lateral incisors. A 1000 N palatal load on the right central incisor simulated the avulsion injury and created an increased alveolus and bone deformation, resulting in an increased PDL thickness of 0.45 mm. Wire-resin composite splints with 0.9 mm cross-section (WCS) or 1.0 mm diameter nylon-resin composite splints (NCS) were created. The models simulated conditions with and without the adjacent upper central incisor. Two PDL conditions were investigated, simulating detached PDL or PDL with polyether impression material-like properties. Mobility was calculated under simulated biting loads in horizontal and vertical (intrusive and extrusive) directions.The NCS allowed greater tooth mobility of the avulsed incisor than the WCS, irrespective of splint extension, PDL condition, or load application. During horizontal loading, polyether-like properties for the PDL allowed around 0.2 mm mobility of the avulsed tooth with the WCS, similar to the intact tooth, whereas a simulated detached PDL allowed 25% more mobility with a WCS than with a NCS.Based on the FEA analysis, a 1.0 mm NCS may be suitable for splinting avulsion injuries during the mixed dentition stage compared to the considerably more rigid WCS. The NCS models provided flexibility for PDL healing while maintaining stability, even when missing adjacent teeth increased span widths. Extensions beyond directly adjacent teeth did not alter the mobility with the NCS but should still be considered an extra protection in case of bond failure or exfoliation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of fiber-reinforced periodontal splints (FRSs) and adhesive bridges (FRBs) in treating anterior single-tooth defects. Methodology: Sixty-five patients who received FRSs and FRBs from 2001 to 2012 were recalled and evaluated clinically. The FRS and FRB restorations of the patients were clinically evaluated in terms of anatomical form, marginal adaptation, marginal coloration, secondary caries, and retention, according to the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. The current restoration statuses of the patients from 5 to 10 years post-treatment were photographed and recorded. Patient satisfaction level was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and periodontal pocket depth was measured. Clinical follow-up data were obtained and analyzed with the Chi-squared test (p0.05). While the most successful results were obtained in the FRB group, most of the restoration losses and repairs occurred in the FRS group. According to the data obtained, 38% of restorations were lost and all restorations had been intact for at least 5 years. All lost restorations were in FGS restorations. The recall rate was 49% (n=32). Twenty (62.5%) of 32 patients rated their satisfaction with the restorations as being between 90 and 100, 8 (25%) as being between 80 and 90, and 4 (12.5%) as being between 70 and 80 on the VAS scale. The pocket depths of the patients at 5- and 10-years post-restoration were 2.3–3.8 mm and 2.4–5.2 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Fiber-reinforced restorations performed due to the loss of anterior single teeth and periodontal tissue can serve patients clinically for at least 5 years. FGK and FGS restorations can be considered alternative treatments that can further delay the more expensive implant and prosthetic treatment options for years. How to cite this article: Ünlü N, Altınbilek N, Velioğlu MS. Retrospective evaluation of fiber-reinforced periodontal splints and resin bridges in the anterior region. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):122-7. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.19 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Background: In this study, we evaluated the effect of periodontal splints made from different materials on the stress distributions in compromised periodontal tissues and cement layers, using a computer simulation of mastication. Methods: Twenty-five 3D models were created for a segment of mandibular teeth with different periodontal splints bilaterally extended to the canines. The models were divided into five groups according to the different materials and thicknesses (mm) of the splints: the non-splinted group, PEEK 0.7 group, PEEK 1.0 group, FRC group, and titanium group. Each group was subdivided based on five bone loss levels. Tooth 41 of each model was subjected to vertical and oblique (θ = 45°) static loads of 100 N, respectively, onto the incisal edge. The von Mises stresses and maximum principal stress were analyzed using Abaqus software. Results: Oblique loading resulted in higher stresses on periodontal tissues, cement layers, and splints than those caused by vertical loading. The lower the supporting bone level, the greater the stress difference between the splinted groups and the non-splinted group. In model 133,331, with severe bone loss, the maximum von Mises stress values on the alveolar bone in tooth 41 under oblique loading dramatically decreased from 406.4 MPa in the non-splinted group to 28.62 MPa in the PEEK group and to 9.59 MPa in the titanium group. The four splinted groups presented similar stress distributions in periodontal tissues. The lowest stress level on the splint was observed in the PEEK 0.7 group, and the highest stress level was transferred to the cement layer in this group. Stress concentrations were primarily exhibited at the connectors near the load-carrying area. Conclusions: The tested splinted groups were all effective in distributing the loads on periodontal tissues around splinted teeth with similar patterns. Using splinting materials with low elastic moduli reduced the stress concentration at the splint connectors, whereas the tensile stress concentration was increased in the cement layer. Thus, the use of adhesive cement with a higher elastic modulus is recommended when applying less rigid PEEK splints.

The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the efficacies of three treatment methods and to compare their outcomes in patients with painful disc displacement. The study group comprised 45 patients with unilateral temporomandibular disorders who fell into Axis I group II (with limited mouth opening) of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging was used for definitive diagnosis. The patients were divided randomly into three groups according to the treatment method: splint therapy, splint therapy with ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis, and splint therapy with low-level laser therapy. Patients were followed up after treatment for 6 months. The groups were compared in terms of pain and functional jaw movements (unassisted mouth opening without pain, maximum unassisted mouth opening, and contralateral movements). At the end of treatment, functional jaw movements were significantly increased while pain values were significantly decreased in all groups (P

Fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) are a group of non-metallic biomaterials characterized by good mechanical properties, such as high fatigue resistance and fracture toughness growing in popularity in several dental applications. FRCs are a combination of two materials: the reinforcing phase in the form of fibers, which are embedded into the other material, called the matrix phase. Factors influencing the properties of FRCs include fibre properties versus polymer matrix properties, impregnation of fibres in the resin, adhesion of fibres to the polymer matrix, quantity and direction of fibres, and location of the fibre-rich phase in construction. The most commonly used applications of FRCs are in removable dentures, minimally invasive fixed dental prostheses, periodontal splints, root canal posts, and orthodontic retainers. This article discusses in detail the applications of FRCs in endodontics, including root canal posts, reinforcement of restorative composites in restorations and core build-ups and splinting of teeth in dental trauma.

This paper is part of a larger study that aims to evaluate the biomechanical behaviour of mandibular bone and periodontal splinting systems subjected to different occlusal forces by means of electric resistive tensometry (ERT). The research was based on the following premise: the degree of bone resorption and periodontal type of splint influence the deformation of the mandibular bone. The study was conducted in two stages: first, the validation of the mandibular dental arch model, which is the subject of the present article, and second, the evaluation of mandibular bone strain in case of different types of bone loss and periodontal splints, which is the subject of a second article.

Physiological/normal tooth mobility may be defined as the slight displacement of the clinical crown of a tooth, which is allowed by the resilience of an intact and healthy periodontium, under the application of a moderate force. The factors influencing the success and longevity of dental splinting are the type of material used for the splint, the type of composite resin, the number and location of the dental units included for splinting (maxillary or mandibular arch). In periodontology, the term 'splint' is defined as the joining of two or more teeth into a rigid unit through restorations or fixed or removable devices. The purpose of using periodontal splints for tooth immobilization is to provide a period of rest in the areas where the healing process has begun and to allow normal functioning there where the tissues alone would not be able to withstand occlusal forces. The aim of the present study was to evaluate comparatively, by means of energy dispersive electron spectrometry (EDX), the chemical composition in the case of in vitro samples that structurally reproduce direct periodontal immobilization systems using fiberglass strips and fluid composite resins. The differences in the chemical composition of the investigated materials can influence their physiochemical properties, but also their biological and toxicological reliability. Elements such as C, O, Al, Si and Ba were identified as common elements among the resins tested in the present study. The only difference in terms of the component elements was found in the case of the fluid composite Clearfil Majesty ES Flow, which, apart from the elements mentioned, also presented Co in its structure.

The impact of implant dentistry is such that, today, very few dentists think about saving grade III mobile teeth with recurrent periodontal abscess. This case report presents the management of grade III mobile lower anterior teeth with recurrent periodontal abscess. Treatment included SRP, splinting of the lower anterior teeth using wire and composite, RCT of the lower anterior teeth, periodontal flap surgery, and placement of bone graft and PRF. A patient was evaluated at one week and then every three months up to one year. Clinical examination showed reduction in mobility, resolution of inflammation, and abscess; radiographic examination showed bone fill.

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS Traumatic dental injuries with bone fractures require rigid splinting. The degree of rigidity of the wire-composite splints can be challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the rigidity of different wire-composite splints on alveolar process displacement. MATERIAL AND METHODS A model was created using polystyrene resin to simulate the anterior maxilla, bovine incisors to simulate maxillary incisors, and polyether impression material to simulate the periodontal ligament. An alveolar process fracture was created, while maintaining the labial bone connection with the PDL. Four wire-composite splints (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 mm in diameter) were compared with models without splints and with no fracture (n = 5). The alveolar process displacement was measured (3 times per model/per splint type) at the fractured and adjacent central incisor regions using a deflectometer (Instron) under functional cycling and static loading (100 N). Data (μm) were analyzed using RM ANOVA, followed by Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The displacement at the region of the adjacent incisor was not influenced by the splint during static and cycling load (P > .05). The Tukey test demonstrated that the model without splints had significantly higher alveolar process displacement at the traumatized teeth than that of all other splint models (P

Background/aims Traumatic dental injuries are highly prevalent and are considered an important health problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro stress distribution around simulated traumatized teeth subjected to different types of splints by photoelastic analysis. Materials and methods For each group, five models of maxillary and mandibular arches were made in photoelastic resin using prefabricated teeth models, which were fixed and adjusted in a semi-adjustable articulator. All splints were bonded with composite resin on the labial surfaces of the maxillary central incisors, the lateral incisors and the canine teeth, simulating trauma to the 11. The groups were divided according to the type of splint: control-without splint; rigid-brackets and 0.021 × 0.025 inch stainless steel wire; semi-rigid-brackets and 0.016 × 0.016 inch cobalt-chromium wire; fiber-fiberglass ribbon; and flexible-nylon thread. The groups were submitted to an occlusal force in a special device attached to a universal test machine in balanced, protrusive, and lateral occlusions. Then, the incisal edge of the 11 was ground to simulate infra-occlusion, and the tests were performed again. Five points were analyzed around tooth 11 with a polariscope, and the data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests at a 5% level of significance. Results When centric occlusion was analyzed by comparing normal occlusion to infra-occlusion, all groups showed high stress values in infra-occlusion with statistical differences-except for the control group. When lateral occlusion was analyzed, the nylon splint showed lower statistical differences compared with the control, fiberglass, and rigid splint groups, which did not differ between each other. The semi-rigid splint did not differ from any group. Conclusions Fiberglass and semi-rigid splints showed better stress distribution around the traumatized tooth under occlusal loads. The nylon splint showed characteristics of non-stress distribution.

A digital technique for fabricating a periodontal splint is presented. The lingual surface of periodontally compromised mandibular anterior teeth is captured and registered to form the emergence profile of the periodontal splint. An accurate periodontal splint is fabricated for mandibular anterior teeth with increased mobility after scaling and root planing.

To explore the aesthetic effect of orthodontics treatment combined with periodontal splint in the treatment of fan-shaped displacement of anterior teeth caused by periodontitis.Fifty patients with fan-shaped displacement of anterior teeth caused by periodontitis in PLA air force hospital from January 2013 to October 2018 were selected and randomly divided into the control group (n=25) and the experimental group (n=25). Patients in the control group were treated with conventional periodontal splint, while patients in the experimental group were treated with combined orthodontic treatment on the basis of the control group. Florida periodontal probe exploration depth (PD), gingival index (GI), attachment loss (AL), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), plaque index (PLI) and mobility were observed and compared before and 1 month after treatment between both groups. The levels of serum inflammatory factors interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and osteocalcin (OC) were measured and compared by ELISA before treatment and 1 month after treatment in both 2 groups. The data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 software package.Compared with before treatment, PD and GI in both groups decreased significantly after treatment, and significantly lower in the experimental group than that in the control group (P0.05); the levels of AL, SBI, PLI and tooth looseness in both 2 groups were significantly lower after treatment, and significantly lower in the experimental than in the control group (P0.05); compared with before treatment, the levels of IL-4, IL-6, TNF-a and serum CRP in both 2 groups were significantly lower after treatment, and the experimental group was much lower than that in the control group (P0.05). The level of osteocalcin in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at different time points after treatment (P0.05). The level of osteocalcin in the experimental group reached its peak one day after treatment, and then gradually declined, the preoperative level was basically restored 7 days after treatment.Using orthodontics combined with periodontal splint in the treatment of fan-shaped displacement of anterior teeth caused by periodontitis has a remarkable effect. The symptoms of periodontitis can be effectively improved, the teeth can be effectively corrected and facial profiles of the patients can be improved.

To present an in-depth review on splinting versus nonsplinting the restorations of adjacent dental implants, in addition to discussing biological and technical complications associated with either choice; and to provide the clinician with a decision tree that serves in everyday judgments when it comes to addressing this issue.A comprehensive literature review was performed for articles comparing success of splinted versus nonsplinted dental implants.There is no evidence to suggest that implementing either prosthetic design results in higher implant survival. Both designs tend to have their own set of complications, but there is compelling evidence to suggest that splinted restorations generally have less technical complications.Either splinting or nonsplinting are valid options for restoring adjacent implants, but each tend to face different biological and technical complications. Knowing which patients are more likely to face particular complications is strategic to provide patients with successful restorations.

The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess the survival rate and stability of periodontally compromised and mobile anterior mandibular teeth after splinting in patients under supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).Thirty-nine patients with splinted anterior mandibular teeth and SPT (≥1 visit/year) for 3-15 years were re-examined. Periodontal status, patient and tooth-related factors were assessed retrospectively before (baseline) and 3 years after splinting (n = 39 patients, 162 splinted teeth). For patients with splints inserted for more than 3 years, retrospective data after 5 (n = 30), 7 (n = 24), 10 (n = 16), 12 (n = 8) and 15 years (n = 4) was included, if available. At baseline, splinted teeth included at least one tooth with increased mobility combined with clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥ 5 mm and ≥50% relative bone loss (RBL). Baseline RBL of splinted teeth was assessed for all patients. Change in RBL was assessed after 10 years, if available.No splinted tooth was lost within the first 3 years after splinting. One splinted tooth was lost 7 years after baseline and one 12 years after baseline. After 3 years mean(SD) periodontal probing depth of splinted teeth decreased from 3.39(1.41) mm to 2.12(0.37) mm and mean(SD) CAL from 5.61(1.66) mm to 5.09(1.67) mm and remained stable over the observation period. No change in RBL was observed over a 10-year period (p = .213). The survival rate of the splints until fracture or debonding was 74.4% after 3 years.Periodontally compromised splinted teeth show a high survival-rate and periodontal stability during SPT.

The purpose was to describe a novel simple experimental model of injured teeth for developing dental trauma splints (DTS), and to test various splints by combining use of this model and the Periotest® device. Rubber O-rings and spring washers were used to simulate and modify injured tooth mobility. Splinting effects were assessed among three kinds of DTS, including a composite splint and two wire-composite splints (1: rectangular orthodontic wire 0.533×0.635 mm, 2: cobalt-chromium alloy wire Φ0.9 mm). The Periotest values were measured three times for each tooth before and after splint insertion. The splinting effect was defined as the change in tooth mobility. Splinting effects significantly increased in the order wire-composite splint 1

Accident-related dental dislocations must be considered as part of an emergency treatment. The use of tooth-colored fixation composites makes the splint seem less noticeable in everyday life. However, this makes it more difficult to remove without damaging the tooth's enamel surface. In order to better visualize the transition between composite and the tooth , the fluorescent properties of some composites can be advantageous. This article will explain the individual steps of a rapid and minimally invasive splint removal, using the so-called Fluorescence- aided Identification Technique.

In this prospective case series, the effects of flapless intentional replantation (IR) with root surface conditioning with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) was evaluated for the treatment of periodontally-endodontally involved hopeless teeth.A total of 17 teeth (17 patients, aged 40 to 73) with ≥ 10 mm attachment loss and radiographic bone loss to the apex were included in the study. The affected teeth were atraumatically extracted using a flapless approach, then granulation tissues, calculus, and necrotic cementum on the root surfaces were removed. EMD was applied for 5 minutes to the root surfaces. The teeth were reinserted to the socket without any bone grafts and splinted.After 2 years, clinical healing was uneventful in 16 cases and the radiographs revealed no root resorption or ankylosis. IR with EMD treatment provided statistically significant reduction in probing depth (6.4 ± 2.6 mm), gain in clinical attachment level (5.9 ± 2.5 mm), and gain in radiographic bone level (48.2 ± 26.1%) compared to baseline values (P.01).Within the limitations of the study, flapless IR with EMD treatment appeared to act as an alternative strategy to extraction of severely compromised teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions beyond the root apex.

Objectives This study assessed the survival and maintenance needs of splinted teeth in periodontitis patients. Methods Patients receiving active and supportive periodontal treatment involving teeth splinting in a university setting were retrospectively assessed. Tooth and splint survival and number of splint-repairs were recorded. Multilevel Cox and generalized-mixed linear regression analyses were performed. Results Fifty-seven patients with 227 splinted teeth (maxilla/mandible: 148/79) were followed over mean ± SD 11.0 ± 7.2 [range: 2.0–32.4]) years. Twenty-six splinted teeth were extracted during this period, the mean (95% CI) time of splint retention was 7.3 ± 5.7 (0.1–22.7). Splinted teeth did not show significantly increased risk of tooth loss compared with non-splinted teeth (HR; 95% CI: 1.30; 0.87–1.93); while age (1.07; 1.05–1.09), PPD >6 mm (4.24; 1.26–14.31), bone loss (mean HR was 5.07–15.36 depending on severity), tooth location (posterior versus anterior teeth: HR 2.08; 1.24–3.49) and the number of occlusal contact areas (mean HR was 4.38–17.34 depending on the number of antagonistic contact areas) were associated with tooth loss. 75.3% splints required repair, with a mean of 2.6 ± 1.9 [1.0–8.0] repairs per splint during the mean observation time (0.4 ± 0.6 [0.0–3.5] repairs per splint/year). Conclusion Splinting did not significantly increase the risk of tooth loss; splinted teeth showed long-term survival. To maintain splints, frequent repairs were needed. Clinical significance Splinted teeth were not at significantly higher risk of tooth loss than non-splinted teeth. While splinting does not improve the prognosis of periodontally affected teeth, it can assist their retention by reducing their mobility.

Short implants can be used as alternatives to standard implants to prevent invasive surgical procedures. However, due to concerns about complications caused by less bone-implant contact area, researchers have focused on biomechanical properties of short implants and methods to promote them. Splinting has been suggested to decrease the limitation of short implants. This study compared the pattern of stress and strain distribution in bone supporting splinted standard and short implants positioned at crestal and subcrestal levels. An edentulous posterior mandible was made using computer-aided design. Five models of different combinations of splinted short (4 × 6 mm) and standard (4 × 10 mm) implants placed at the level of crestal bone or subcrestally mesial and distal to the edentulous region with a pontic between them were designed using the CATIA software program. ANSYS software was used for finite element analysis (FEA). In each model, 100 and 300 N loads at zero (parallel to the long axis of implants) and 30° angles were applied to implants. Maximum stress and strain for each of the five models, including equivalent stress, shear stress, and strain in peri-implant cortical and cancellous bone, were calculated and stress distribution pattern in different models were recorded. The highest stress was caused by the 300 N load applied at a 30° angle, followed by the 300 N load applied axially and the 100 N load applied at 30°. This order changed in model 1, where the highest stress was noted under the 300 N load at 30°, followed by the 100 N load at 30°. Maximum stress in peri-implant bone occurred under oblique (30°) load. Maximum stress was noted when two splinted short implants were placed subcrestally. In addition, stress in bone around crestal-level splinted short implants was lower than that around standard implants. Combination of short and standard implants had no biomechanical advantage. Application of load parallel to the long axis can significantly decrease stress in peri-implant bone. Although the combination of short and standard implants has no biomechanical advantage, crestal-level placement of splinted short implants is a suitable treatment plan.

Purpose This study was designed to compare the biomechanical performance of splinted and nonsplinted short implants, in the posterior mandible, using finite element analysis. Materials and methods Three-dimensional models of short implants with 2 different diameters (4 × 6 mm or 5 × 6 mm) were scanned, and CATIA (R21) was used to simulate the model of an edentulous lower jaw. Experimental groups were designed as follows: (1) D4L6-splinted (three 4 × 6-mm splinted implants), (2) D4L6-nonsplinted, (3) D5L6-splinted, and (4) D5L6-nonsplinted. A 100 N load was applied, and stress and strain values in surrounding bone were analyzed in specific nodes using ANSYS software (16.1). Results The maximum stress values under axial load were found in D5L6-splinted model, and under oblique load, D5L6-nonsplinted model had the maximum stress values. Under axial load, D4L6-splinted model showed maximum strain values, but when oblique load was applied, D4L6-nonsplinted model had the maximum strain values. Conclusion Splinting adjacent short implants may provide less bone strain and stress, especially at the presence of lateral forces. Increasing the implant diameter may be effective in strain reduction, but does not seem to reduce the bone stress, regardless of the direction of the load applied.

The purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to assess the influence of immediate loading and lengths of splinted implants on the clinical effectiveness of 6.5-mm-long implants supporting two-implant fixed prostheses in the premolar-molar regions.A clinical database was reviewed in a private dental center to select those patients who had 6.5-mm-long implants placed to support two-implant fixed partial prostheses in the premolar-molar regions of the maxilla and the mandible. All implants were immediately loaded. The study groups were defined according to the lengths of the implants. Two groups were identified: the short-short splinted group, when both implants had 6.5 mm lengths, and the short-long splinted group, when one implant was longer than 6.5 mm. A total of 48 dental implants were placed in 16 patients to support 24 two-implant fixed prostheses. The mean follow-up time was 14 ± 5 months. The short-short splinted group included 8 patients with 16 implants; the short-long splinted group included 16 patients with 32 implants. The main variable was implant survival, and secondary outcomes were marginal bone stability and prosthesis survival.The statistical analyses indicated an absence of significant differences between the two groups in terms of implant and prosthesis survival (100% for both groups and both variables); however, distal bone loss around the splinted implants was significantly higher in the short-long splinted group. Bone loss was 0.37 ± 0.55 mm in the short-short splinted group and 0.94 ± 0.66 mm in the short-long splinted group.Immediate loading of short (6.5-mm-long) implants in the premolar-molar regions did not jeopardize their survival. Two-implant supported prostheses had the same clinical effectiveness, whether extra-short implants were splinted to another extra-short implant or to a longer one.

A tooth with mobility as a result of periodontal disease or trauma could be splinted to the intact neighboring teeth using different materials in conjunction with resin composites, and function could be maintained without tooth extraction. This chapter reviews indications, functions, materials, and types of splints and their longevity. Furthermore, some recommendations are provided for clinical applications of direct and indirect fiber-reinforced resin composite (FRC) splints.

Fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) are a group of nonmetallic biomaterials that are growing in popularity in several dental applications. FRCs are a combination of two materials in which one of the materials, called the reinforcing phase, is in the form of fibers, and is embedded in the other material, called the matrix phase. FRCs offers clinicians a material that can be tailored to mimic the properties of dentine or bone, to ensure good esthetic characters and to chemically bond to tooth structure. Interface properties are critical to the performance of FRCs because high masticatory forces are transferred across this interface. The most commonly used applications of FRCs are in removable dentures, minimally invasive fixed dental prostheses, periodontal splints, root canal posts, and orthodontic retainers. This chapter is a broad overview of the biocompatibility of FRC materials currently used in dentistry. It also provides information on the biological aspects of FRC implants in cell culture conditions and in vivo. Clinical considerations are discussed based on current knowledge of use of polymers in regenerative medicine.

In the orthognathic surgery, dental splints are important and necessary to help the surgeon reposition the maxilla or mandible. However, the traditional methods of manual design of dental splints are difficult and time-consuming. The research on computer-aided design software for dental splints is rarely reported. Our purpose is to develop a novel special software named EasySplint to design the dental splints conveniently and efficiently. The design can be divided into two steps, which are the generation of initial splint base and the Boolean operation between it and the maxilla-mandibular model. The initial splint base is formed by ruled surfaces reconstructed using the manually picked points. Then, a method to accomplish Boolean operation based on the distance filed of two meshes is proposed. The interference elimination can be conducted on the basis of marching cubes algorithm and Boolean operation. The accuracy of the dental splint can be guaranteed since the original mesh is utilized to form the result surface. Using EasySplint, the dental splints can be designed in about 10 minutes and saved as a stereo lithography (STL) file for 3D printing in clinical applications. Three phantom experiments were conducted and the efficiency of our method was demonstrated., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, 18 references

The purpose of this article was to compare through photoelastic analysis the stress distribution in 3 direct transfer techniques for implants with splinting. Three photoelastic resin blocks were made with 2 implants placed parallel to each other and 2 square transfer copings splinted. Both transfers were splinted with acrylic resin chemically activated in 3 different techniques: metallic sticks (T1), prefabricated acrylic bars (T2), or dental floss (T3). A circular polariscope was used, and the distortion energy (E) was calculated in 4 periods: 20 minutes and 3, 24, and 36 hours. Statistically significant differences were found among the 3 techniques (P < .05). The dental floss presented the greatest distortion energy values (T3 = 0.469 Kgf/mm2) and the metallic sticks the lowest values (T1 = 0.0 Kgf/mm2). Thus, the metallic sticks technique (T1) appears to be the most accurate protocol to be used for implant-supported prosthesis with multiple abutments.

Masticatory efficiency is altered by mobile teeth resulting from periodontal disease. The goal of our study was to investigate changes before and after fixation of mobile teeth with a Quartz Splint Woven high-strength quartz fiber splint and evaluate the fixation effect. Forty-two patients with chronic severe periodontal disease and 2 to 3 degree tooth mobility underwent fixation with Quartz Splint Woven quartz fiber splints. Masticatory efficiency was determined before and 1 month after periodontal treatment, and 1 month after fixation. Changes in periodontal probing depth (PD) and periodontal attachment level (AL) were measured and clinical efficacy was evaluated. Masticatory efficiency significantly increased from 39.32% to 50.95% after treatment (P

Objective To investigate the effect of fibre periodontal splint restoration on mandibular anterior teeth displacement and periodontal membrane stress. Methods Micro-CT scanning technology, combined with Mimics, Geomagic studio and SolidWorks were used to establish 3D dental models of mandibles with teeth and the models fibre periodontal splint restoration; the models of mandibular anterior loosen teeth was constructed under 30 degree oblique 25N loading on the labial and lingual sides respectively. Then, under different angles force with or without the splint, the analysis on dental mechanical state are given. Results It was determined that the sum of the maximal displacement of the loosen tooth model at the lingual and labial sides was 1 mm, which represented the degree I loosen model. After splint repair on the model, the maximal displacement of loosen tooth decreased 47.7%, 85.1% and 85.8% at 0 degree, 15 degree and 30 degree forces respectively, and the maximum stress of periodontal membrane decreased by 22.3%, 61.2% and 74.9%. Conclusion Fixation of loosen teeth through fibre periodontal splints can reduce the maximum stress of periodontal membrane and the maximal displacement of the teeth, thus ensuring the stability of loosen tooth.

The purpose of this study was to apply a novel method to evaluate surgical outcomes at 1 year after orthognathic surgery for Class III patients undergoing two different surgical protocols. Fifty patients divided equally into two groups (maxillary advancement only and combined with mandibular setback) had cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken pre-surgery, at splint removal, and at 1-year post-surgery. An automatic cranial base superimposition method was used to register, and shape correspondence was applied to assess, the overall changes between pre-surgery and splint removal (surgical changes) and between splint removal and 1-year post-surgery at the end of orthodontic treatment (post-surgical adaptations). Post-surgical maxillary adaptations were exactly the same for both groups, with 52% of the patients having changes >2 mm. Approximately half of the post-surgical changes in the maxilla for both groups were vertical. The two-jaw group showed significantly greater surgical and post-surgical changes in the ramus, chin, and most of the condylar surfaces (P < 0.05). Post-surgical adaptation on the anterior part of the chin was also more significant in the two-jaw group (P < 0.05). Regardless of the type of surgery, marked post-surgical adaptations were observed in the regions evaluated, which explain the adequate maxillary–mandibular relationship at 1-year post-surgery on average, with individual variability.

The benefits of the Herbst thermoformed advancement splint in the treatment of obstructive breathing disorders during sleep have been assessed in numerous studies. Unfortunately, like all other mandibular advancement devices, patients fail to wear it regularly in the long-term. Injuries, discomfort or pain caused by errors in manufacture or adjustment are generally blamed for this. After a critical review of the literature, some solutions are proposed to improve production of the orthesis and patient management.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of bite splint (BS) treatment termination in patients treated for temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and sleep bruxism (SB).This longitudinal single-cohort study assessed 30 patients (29.5 ± 7.8 years old, 86.7% women) who were successfully treated with BS for SB and TMD for 30 days to 6 months prior to termination of the use of BS. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD Axes I and II, Sleep Assessment Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and BiteStrip were used to assess TMD signs and symptoms, sleep disorders, depression, and SB at baseline and after 15 days of BS disuse.TMD symptoms, including the disability points, characteristic pain intensity, and present pain at rest, increased significantly (P0.05). After 15 days of BS termination, there were no significant differences in SB and depression levels, sleep quality, and TMD signs.In patients with TMD and SB, BS treatment cessation is not recommended.

Root fractures are uncommon following dental trauma but are mostly diagnosed shortly after the injury, although occasionally at routine dental appointments. This paper presents the management of the different types of root fractures and the types of healing response suggesting the appropriate follow-up of these injuries. Clinical Relevance: A thorough clinical examination supplemented with radiographs, vitality tests, appropriate treatment planning and subsequent follow-up of root fractured teeth can improve the prognosis for these teeth and also minimize the need for subsequent extractions. Immature teeth with root fractures have a better chance of healing compared to teeth with fully formed roots.

The aim of this systematic review was to compare the crestal bone loss around splinted and nonsplinted adjacent implants.To address the focused question, "Is crestal bone loss around adjacent implants different with splinted from that with nonsplinted restorations?," indexed databases were searched from 1965 up to and including May 2016 using various combinations of the following keywords: "implant," "splinted," "nonsplinted," "unsplinted," "connected," "unconnected," "nonconnected," and "bone loss." Letters to the editor, commentaries, historic reviews, case reports, case series, animal studies, and studies on full-arch rehabilitation were excluded.Six studies were included with titanium implants ranging from 114 to 1187 implants. All studies had nonsplinted and splinted restorations that ranged from 20 to 234 restorations and from 60 to 970 restorations, respectively. In all the studies, the follow-up period after the restoration placement ranged between 1 and 22 years, with a mean follow-up ranging between 3 and 10.18 ± 3.18 years. In all studies, the mean crestal bone loss for implants restored with nonsplinted restorations ranged between 0.30 ± 0.65 and 1.3 ± 0.2 mm, whereas the mean crestal bone loss for implants restored with splinted restorations ranged between 0.50 ± 0.8 and 1.22 ± 0.95 mm.Within the limitations of this review it is concluded that adjacent implants restored with splinted and nonsplinted fixed restorations did not exhibit a difference in crestal bone loss. The evidence from this systematic review suggests further investigation.

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of glass fiber-reinforced composite-based resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (GFRC-RBFPDs) as periodontal splints for periodontal support-reduced anterior partially edentulous dentition and for replacing lost teeth. Materials and methods A total of 39 subjects were enrolled who required fixed restorations for lost mandibular anterior teeth where the adjacent teeth offered severely reduced periodontal support. GFRC-RBFPDs were cemented to replace the lost teeth and to stabilize the adjacent teeth. The survival rates were recorded, and the periodontal condition (bone height, bleeding index, and probing depth) was evaluated at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years after the restorations. The results were statistically analyzed with single-factor variance analysis and chi-square tests (α = .05). Results The complete survival rate was 89.7%, and the functional survival rate was 92.3% at the fourth year. The main reason for failure was fracture of the connector of the GFRC-RBFPDs. In 21.7% of adjacent teeth, the bone height decreased; in the other 78.3%, it increased from 1 year after the restoration to the end of the observation period and the heights were statistically different from the initial values. The periodontal condition of the adjacent teeth was improved after the restoration. Conclusions This 4-year clinical evaluation indicated that GFRC-RBFPDs may be useful as fixed prostheses to replace one to three lost anterior teeth with damaged periodontal support in adjacent teeth.

To evaluate the clinical performance of glass fiber reinforced resin-bonded fixed partial denture(GFR-RBFPD) as a periodontal splint on abutment teeth with reduced periodontal support.Thirty fixed-fixed GFR-RBFPD were delivered to restore anterior partial edentulous dentitions. The adjacent abutment teeth had severely reduced periodontal support and were not indicated for full crown retained FPD. The success rate and functional survival rate had been recorded and the periodontal condition had been evaluated for 4 years. The results were statistically analyzed with single factor variance analysis and chi square test(α=0.05).In the first, second, and third year following restoration, one connector fractured in each year and they were repaired with adhesive resin and the pontics were kept in place for function. In the third and fourth years after restoration, there was one pontic displacement with fracture of connectors. The total survive rate was 83%(25/30) and the functional survival rate was 93% (28/30) at the end of the fourth year. The main reason of failure was fracture of connector. About 22%(13/60) of the adjacent teeth showed marginal bone height decrease, while the other 78% (47/60) increased with statistic significant difference from one year after the restoration to the end of the observation term(P0.05). The periodontal condition of the adjacent teeth was improved after the restoration.The four years clinical evaluation indicates that the GFR-RBFPD may be used as fixed prostheses to replace lost one to three anterior teeth with reduced periodontal support of abutment teeth.

Evaluates the clinical performance of of a fiber-reinforced, composite-resin bonded splint; a bridge; a fiber post; and/or a resin veneer for the restoration of periodontally-involved anterior teeth. Shows that a combination of approaches is a good choice for minimally invasive prosthodontic treatment in the aesthetic zone in periodontal patients., Aims This retrospective study evaluated the clinical performance of combining a fiber-reinforced, composite-resin (FRC) bonded splint; bridge; fiber post; and/or resin veneer for the restoration of periodontally-involved anterior teeth. Methods Sixty-three patients with periodontally-involved anterior teeth each received one of the following splinting restorations: FRC-bonded splint-bridges (SB), a combination of an FRC-bonded splint and resin veneer (SV), or FRC-bonded splints (S). Six patients with healthy periodontal teeth received orthodontic retainers with FRC-bonded splints (OS) as a control. Modified USPHS criteria were used to evaluate the effects of rehabilitation, and the periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) of the natural teeth were measured. Results All restorations resulted in good aesthetic outcomes. SV, S in combination with fiber posts and OS all resulted in 100% acceptable ratings for each category that was directly evaluated at each follow-up. The mean PPD was 3.5 ± 1.0 mm at baseline, decreased to 3.3 ± 1.0 mm after one year (p 0.05). These changes were similar to those in the mean CAL. Conclusion A combination of a FRC-bonded splint, bridge, fiber post and/or resin veneer for minimally invasive prosthodontic treatment in the aesthetic zone is a good choice for periodontal patients.

Various therapeutic options, including surgical and non-surgical techniques, are available for acute and chronic forms of pulpal and periodontal diseases. The aim of this case report is to present a case involving the multidisciplinary treatment of a patient with a periodontal-endodontic lesion with mobility. A 42-year-old woman with an abscess, deep periodontal pockets, and non-vital teeth was treated using a multidisciplinary approach. After root canal treatment, an intracoronal splint was constructed and periodontal treatment was performed. An increase in radiopacity on the mandibular left first premolar and mandibular right second molar were detected via panoramic and periapical radiographs taken nine months later. No probing depth greater than 3mm was clinically detected anywhere around the patient’s teeth. Using periodontal treatment with splinting is an important treatment protocol option for improving tooth function and facilitating bone healing in teeth with advanced bone loss and mobility. Keywords: Tooth mobility; Periodontal Splints; Alveolar bone loss; Root canal therapy Endo-Perio Lezyonun Splintleme Yardimiyla Multidisipliner Tedavisi: Bir Olgu Sunumu OZET Akut ve kronik formdaki pulpal ve periodontal hastaliklar icin cerrahi ve cerrahi olmayan tedavi prosedurleri mevcuttur. Bu olgu sunumunun amaci mobilitesi olan periodontal-endodontik lezyonlu bir disin multidisipliner tedavisini bildirmektir. 42 yasindaki bayan hastanin periodontal muayenesinde apse, derin periodontal cepler ve vitalite kaybi tespit edilmistir. Kok kanal tedavisinden sonra intrakoronal splint yerlestirilmis ve periodontal tedavi uygulanmistir. 9.ayda alinan periapikal ve panaromik radyograflarda mandibular sol birinci premolar ve mandibular sag ikinci molar dislerde artmis radyoopasite tespit edilmistir. Tum agiz degerlendirmesinde ise 3mm den fazla sondlanabilir cep derinligine rastlanmamistir. Periodontal tedavi ile birlikte splint uygulanmasi, fonksiyonun kazanilmasi ve kemik iyilesmesi acisindan ileri kemik kaybi ve mobilitesi olan dislerde tedavi protokolu olarak tercih edilebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dis mobilitesi, Periodontal Splintler, Alveoler kemik kaybi, Kok kanal tedavisi

Aim To report the intentional replantation of a maxillary central incisor with a crown-root fracture. Summary An 11-year-old girl was referred to a paediatric clinic with an extensive crown-root fracture of the maxillary right central incisor (tooth 11) with pulp exposure. Radiographs revealed that tooth 11 had a periapical radiolucent lesion, which suggested pulpal necrosis. The treatment option chosen was planned extraction and immediate intentional replantation of tooth 11 in a more coronal position. Sixteen years after treatment, tooth 11 was aesthetically and functionally sound, suggesting that the treatment was successful. Key learning point Intentional replantation may be considered as a treatment option for teeth with crown-root fractures.

To determine the influence of number and location of implants loaded on the stress to the bone in an edentulous maxilla using a three-dimensional finite element model (3D FEM).Computed tomographic data with the bone density of a dry skull were used to construct a 3D FEM. Titanium implants were simulated in the configuration as 14 unsplinted implants (US14), 14 splinted implants (S14), 6 splinted implants (canine, premolar, and molar regions, S6), 4 splinted implants (S4), and 6 anterior implants (incisors and canines, A6). Distributed loads of 200 N were applied on the occlusal table of the superstructures.The S6 model was subjected to a similar amount of stress and deformation to the US14 and the S14. The S4 and A6 models were subjected to approximately three times of stress under the vertical load, and approximately five times of stress under the inclined load, respectively, compared with the S6 model.The 3D FEM analyses suggest that the six splinted implants configuration has a similar stress and deformation pattern as compared with naturally positioned splinted 14 implants in the edentulous maxilla.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to review the current literature with regard to prosthetic considerations and their influence on the outcome of immediately loaded implants. Materials and Methods: A broad search of the published literature was performed using MEDLINE and PubMed to identify pertinent articles. Results: One hundred fifty six references were selected. They were mainly descriptive, prospective, follow-up studies. They were reviewed and were categorized with respect to 6 factors that influence immediate loading: cross-arch stability and micromovements, interim prostheses, definitive restorations inserted immediately, screw- or cement-retained prostheses, occlusion, and number and distribution of implants in overdentures and fixed prostheses. Conclusion: Immediate loading seems to be a relatively safe procedure. From the prosthodontic point of view, there are specific guidelines to follow. They are: implants should be splinted with a metallic bar and acrylic interim prostheses until full osseointegration occurs. To have a successful outcome, screw-retained interim prostheses are recommended. CAD/CAM systems can improve the placement of implants with minimum risk. Regarding occlusion, there is a disagreement on when and how to provide occlusal contacts, but all authors agree on keeping centric contacts only. Finally, concerning the number of implants required for an immediate overdenture, no conclusive evidence could be found.

There are several benefits in using adhesive technique in removable prosthodontics as well as fixed prosthodontics. Previous studies have examined denture-base surface treatments that improve bond strength between a denture base resin and autopolymerizing repair resin. Dichloromethane and ethyl acetate are organic solvents that swell the denture base surface, thereby permitting diffusion of the acrylic resin. The optimal treatment duration is 5-10 s for dichloromethane and 120 s for ethyl acetate. It was reported that the bond durability of dichloromethane was superiorto that of ethyl acetate. Bonding between metal components and the denture base resin has an important role in the longevity of removable prostheses. The combination of metal conditioners and alumina air-abrasion is effective in fabricating and repairing removable dentures. Acidic monomers (4-META and MDP) are appropriate for base metal alloys, including Co-Cr alloy and titanium alloy, while thione monomers (MTU-6 and VBATDT) are suitable for noble metal alloys such as gold alloy and silver-palladium-copper-gold (Ag-Pd-Cu-Au) alloy. As an alternative to conventional restorations, resin-bonded restorations can provide precisely parallel guide planes with well-made rest seats. Careful consideration should be paid to stabilizing loosened teeth by fixing them with resin-bonded splints or fixed partial dentures.

Although current guidelines for the treatment of traumatic injuries recommend the use of 'flexible' splints, the precise definition of what is considered flexible versus rigid has not been rigorously defined, leaving the clinician with a wide range of options for this critical factor. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare the effect of eight different splints on tooth mobility after extraction and replantation using a human cadaveric model. Following strict selection criteria including complete root maturation, lack of periodontal disease, normal bone levels, and crown integrity, a maxillary central incisor was atraumatically extracted and splinted with eight different splints. The experimental splints included a 20-pound test (9.072-kilogram test) [corrected] monofilament nylon-composite splint and six wire-composite splints made of wires of 0.012' (0.3 mm), 0.016' (0.4 mm), or 0.020' (0.5 mm) diameter stainless steel (SS) or nickel titanium (NT). A direct composite splint represented the most rigid type of splint. These eight splints were applied five times each, and tooth mobility was measured before and after each splint was applied. The average splint effect, defined as the difference between the presplint and the postsplint measurements quantified using the Periotest, was calculated for each splint and compared. No significant differences were found between the nylon-composite and the wire-composite splints. There was significantly less tooth mobility with the direct composite splint compared to all other splints. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that nylon and SS or NT wires up to 0.016' diameter are significantly more flexible than direct composite splints and thus may be better suited for the splinting and management of traumatized teeth.

Objectives The influence of bone loss and periodontal splinting on strains in supporting bone is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of bone loss and periodontal splints on strains in an anterior mandible structure. Methods Ten anterior mandible models were fabricated using polystyrene resin. Eighty human teeth were divided in 10 groups (right first premolar to left premolar) and embedded in simulated periodontal ligament. Strain gauges were attached to the buccal and lingual mandible surfaces. The models were sequentially tested for 7 conditions: no bone alterations and no splinting; 5 mm of bone loss between canine teeth; bone loss associated with resin splint between canine teeth; bone loss with wire splint; bone loss with wire/resin splint; bone loss with extracoronal fibre–glass/resin splint; and bone loss with intracoronal fibre–glass/resin splint. Oblique loads (50, 100, and 150 N) were applied on the teeth. Data were analysed using 3-way ANOVA and Scheffe's test ( α = .05). Results Strains on buccal surface were higher than on lingual surface. Bone loss resulted in strain increase at 100 and 150 N loading. Dental splinting with resin resulted in strain values similar to the control levels. Conclusions Bone loss increased strain mainly in the buccal region. Dental splints with adhesive system and composite resin produced lower bone strains irrespective of occlusal load.

Cortellini P, Stalpers G, Mollo A, Tonetti MS: Periodontal regeneration versus extraction and prosthetic replacement of teeth severely compromised by attachment loss to the apex: 5-year results of an ongoing randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38: 915–924. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01768.x Abstract Aims: Aim of this randomized, long-term clinical trial was to compare clinical- and patient-based outcomes following periodontal regeneration or extraction and replacement of hopeless teeth with chronic perio-endo lesions and/or attachment loss to or beyond the apex. Methods: Fifty patients presenting with generalized severe periodontitis and at least one hopeless tooth to be extracted for periodontal reasons were entered in this study. The test treatment consisted in the application of a regenerative strategy to 25 hopeless teeth. The control treatment consisted in the extraction of the 25 hopeless teeth and their replacement with conventional or implant-supported fixed partial dentures. Results: In the control group, 14 teeth were replaced with implant-supported restorations, eight with tooth-supported bridges, two with Maryland bridges, while one was not replaced. All fixed partial dentures survived the 5-year follow-up period and 83% were free from biological complications. In the test group, 23 of the 25 regenerated teeth showed important clinical improvements: the two teeth with unsatisfactory outcomes were extracted at 1 year. The 23 successfully regenerated teeth (92%) were in good health and function at 5-year examination visit and 84% did not develop biological complications during the recall period. All patients consistently reported comfort in function at the experimental test and control units. In the test group, average clinical attachment level gains were 7.7±2.8 mm, radiographic bone gain 8.5±3.1 mm, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction 8.8±3 mm. Residual PPDs were 4±1.7 mm. Most of the regenerated teeth showed a decrease in tooth mobility. Conclusions: Regenerative therapy can be applied at hopeless teeth and has the potential to change their prognosis; it is a suitable alternative to extraction of severely compromised teeth with intra-bony defects to or beyond the root apex.

– Aim: We developed two versions of an artificial model and assessed their suitability for splint rigidity evaluation. These models allowed the simulation of traumatically loosened teeth and the use of the acid-etch technique for splint application. Materials and methods: A straight and half-round arch bar model with bovine tooth facets were manufactured. Using the Periotest method, tooth mobility was evaluated before (PTVpre) and after (PTVpost) splinting. Two types of previously investigated wire-composite splints, WCS1 (Dentaflex 0.45 mm; Dentaurum) and WCS2 (Strengthens 0.8 × 1.8 mm; Dentaurum), were applied (n = 10) to each model. The relative splint effect (SpErel = ΔPTV/PTVpre) was calculated, and the working times for the models and splints were evaluated. Student’s t-test and the Mann–Whitney U-test were employed with Bonferroni correction for multiple hypotheses. Results: When comparing the relative splint effect of the ‘injured’ central incisors between the models within one splint type, differences were only found for tooth 21 (WCS2; P

Fiber reinforced composites (FRCs) are more and more widely applied in dentistry to substitute for metallic restorations: periodontal splints, fixed partial dentures, endodontic posts, orthodontic appliances, and some other indirect restorations. In general in FRCs, the fiber reinforcement provides the composite structure with better biomechanical performance due to their superior properties in tension and flexure. Nowadays, the E-glass fiber is most frequently used because of its chemical resistance and relatively low cost. Growing interest is being paid to enhance its clinical performance. Moreover, various techniques are utilized to reinforce the adhesion between the fiber and the matrix. Oral conditions set special requirements and challenges for the clinical applications of FRCs. The biomechanical properties of dental materials are of high importance in dentistry, and given this, there is on-going scientific interest to develop E-glass fiber reinforced composite systems. FRCs are generally biocompatible and their toxicity is not a concern.