Search

Unidentified opistognathid. Lissner and Dorsey (1986) observed from a manned submersible a jawfish they were unable to identify at Tanner��� Cortes Bank, southern California., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 150, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Lissner, A. L. & Dorsey, J. H. (1986) Deep-water biological assemblages of a hard-bottom bank-ridge complex of the southern California continental borderland. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 85, 87 - 101."]}

Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson, 1837). Candlefish, Eulachon, or Hooligan. To 25.4 cm (10 in) TL (Miller and Lea 1972). Eastern Bering Sea from west of Saint Matthew Island and off Kuskokwim Bay and Nushagak River, and Bowers Bank, central Aleutian Islands to southern California (34��N) (Bradburn et al. 2011). Near coast; depth: surface to 150 m (492 ft) (Pietsch and Orr 2019). However, there are a number of records from much greater depths, such as 625 m (2,050 ft) (Allen and Smith 1988), 613 m (2,011 ft) (NWFSC-FRAM), 533 m (1,748 ft) (Hoff and Britt 2003), 552 m (1,811 ft), 466 m (1,528 ft), and 463 ft (1,519 ft) (DFO). All of these records are from bottom trawls and while they all may represent fish that entered the nets above the maximum fishing depths the relative frequency of catches in these deep waters implies that at least some of these records are legitimate. Anadromous., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N. (1972) Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin, 157.","Bradburn, M. J., Keller, A. A. & Horness, B. H. (2011) The 2003 to 2008 U. S. West Coast bottom trawl surveys of groundfish resources off Washington, Oregon, and California: estimates of distribution, abundance, length, and age composition. National Marine Fisheries Service Technical Memorandum, NMFS-NWFSC- 114.","Pietsch, T. W. & Orr, J. W. (2019) Fishes of the Salish Sea. University of Washington Press, Seattle.","Allen, M. J. & Smith, G. B. (1988) Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 66.","Hoff, G. R. & Britt, L. L. (2003) The 2002 Eastern Bering Sea upper continental slope survey of groundfish and invertebrate resources. National Marine Fisheries Service Technical Memorandum, NMFS-AFSC- 141."]}

Hypomesus transpacificus McAllister, 1963. Delta Smelt. To 12 cm (4.8 in) TL (Page and Burr 1991). Brackish and freshwater habitats of the Sacramento and San Joaquin river systems, California (Miller and Lea 1972, Saruwatari et al. 1997)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["McAllister, D. E. (1963) A revision of the smelt family, Osmeridae. Bulletin of the National Museum of Canada, 191.","Page, L. M. & Burr, B. M. (1991) A Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.","Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N. (1972) Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin, 157.","Saruwatari, T., Lopez, J. A. & Pietsch, T. W. (1997) A revision of the osmerid genus Hypomesus Gill (Teleostei: Salmoniformes), with the description of a new species from the southern Kuril Islands. Species Diversity, 2, 59 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / specdiv. 2.59"]}

Osmerus dentex Steindachner & Kner, 1870. Arctic Smelt. To 34 cm (13.4 in) TL (Eriksen et al. 2020). White and Barents Seas eastward to Bathurst Inlet, Nunavut, also southward to North Korea, Japan, and Sea of Okhotsk, and in North America to Heceta Head, Oregon (Mecklenburg et al. 2011). Near coast; depth: surface to 194 m (636 ft) (min.: Mecklenburg et al. 2011; max.: NWFSC-FRAM). Also reported from deeper depths (i.e., 290 m, 951 ft, Federov et al. 2003), but deep records may represent fish entering nets nearer the surface than at the maximum depth of the tow. Anadromous. Previously as Osmerus mordax (Mitchill, 1814)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Eriksen, E., Benzik, A. N., Dolgov, A. V., Skjoldal, H. R., Vihtakari, M., Johannesen, E., Prokhorova, T. A., Keulder-Stenvik, F., Prokochuk, I. & Strand, S. (2020) Diet and trophic structure of fishes in the Barents Sea: The Norwegian-Russian program \" Year of stomachs \" 2015 - Establishing a baseline. Progress in Oceanography, 183, 102262 https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2019.102262","Mecklenburg, C. W., Moller, P. R. & Steinke, D. (2011) Biodiversity of arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography. Marine Biodiversity, 41, 109 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 010 - 0070 - z","Federov, V. V., Chereshnev, I. A., Nazarkin, M. V., Shestakov, A. V. & Volubuev, V. V. (2003) Catalog of Marine and Freshwater Fishes of the Northern Part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Vladivostok, Dolnauka [In Russian]."]}

Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard, 1854). Surf Smelt. To 30.5 cm (12 in) TL (Hart 1973). North side of Alaska Peninsula at Izembek Bay, and Gulf of Alaska (Mecklenburg et al. 2002), to Long Beach, southern California (Miller and Lea 1972). Sometimes found in brackish water and rarely in fresh water (Mecklenburg et al. 2002); depth: intertidal to 185 m (607 ft) (min.: Mecklenburg et al. 2002; max.: NWFSC-FRAM)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Hart, J. L. (1973) Pacific Fishes of Canada. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 180.","Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N. (1972) Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin, 157."]}

** Hypomesus nipponensis McAllister, 1963. Wakasagi. To 19.5 cm (7.8 in) SL (Saruwatari et al. 1997). Widespread in Japan, Sakhalin Island and environs (Dyldin and Orlov 2016b); introduced to California lakes in 1959 (Saruwatari et al. 1997), now in Sacramento���San Joaquin Estuary (Aasen et al. 1998). Primarily a brackish-water species; found also in fresh water, commonly from transplants (Saruwatari et al. 1997); depth: shallow waters to 50 m (164 ft) (Kim and Kim 2019)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["McAllister, D. E. (1963) A revision of the smelt family, Osmeridae. Bulletin of the National Museum of Canada, 191.","Saruwatari, T., Lopez, J. A. & Pietsch, T. W. (1997) A revision of the osmerid genus Hypomesus Gill (Teleostei: Salmoniformes), with the description of a new species from the southern Kuril Islands. Species Diversity, 2, 59 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / specdiv. 2.59","Dyldin, Yu. V. & Orlov, A. M. (2016 b) Ichthyofauna of fresh and brackish waters of Sakhalin Island: an annotated list with taxonomic comments: 2. Cyprinidae - Salmonidae families. Journal of Ichthyology, 56, 534 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / s 0032945216050040","Aasen, G. A., Sweetnam, D. A. & Lynch, L. M. (1998) Establishment of the wakasagi, Hypomesus nipponensis, in the Sacramento- San Joaquin Estuary. California Fish and Game, 84, 31 - 35.","Kim, S. T. & Kim, A. (2019) The structure of multispecies associated communities of fish at western Sakhalin coast by the results of a trawling assessment survey on R / V Bukhoro in June 2018. Journal of Ichthyology, 59, 707 - 726. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / s 0032945219050060"]}

Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1814). Pond Smelt. To 20 cm (8 in) TL (Page and Burr 1991). North Korea and Japan to northern Siberia, and drainages of Canada and Alaska from Coronation Gulf, Northwest Territories to Copper River on the northeastern Gulf of Alaska coast (Mecklenburg et al. 2002). Freshwater species, only occasionally entering brackish water (Mecklenburg et al. 2002)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Page, L. M. & Burr, B. M. (1991) A Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes. Houghton Mifflin, Boston."]}

Allosmerus elongatus (Ayres, 1854). Whitebait Smelt. To 22.9 cm (9 in) TL (Miller and Lea 1972). Vancouver Island, British Columbia (Pietsch and Orr 2019) to southern California (34��24���N) (Bradburn et al. 2011). Eschmeyer and Herald also list a questionable record from San Pedro, southern California. Depth: shallow water to 495 m (1,624 ft) (min.: Pietsch and Orr 2019; max.: NWFSC-FRAM). Although the maximum depth record comes from a bottom trawl catch, thus raising the question of whether that fish entered the net in the midwater during deployment and retrieval, we note that there are many bottom trawl catch records from between 300 (984 ft) and 495 m in the DFO and NWFSC-FRAM databases. Thus the maximum depth record of 495 m seems reasonable. An ��� Allosmerus elongatus ��� from Bristol Bay, Alaska (Personal communication: University of Washington, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture Fish Collection, Seattle, Washington) is an Osmerus sp. (Katherine Maslenikov)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N. (1972) Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin, 157.","Pietsch, T. W. & Orr, J. W. (2019) Fishes of the Salish Sea. University of Washington Press, Seattle.","Bradburn, M. J., Keller, A. A. & Horness, B. H. (2011) The 2003 to 2008 U. S. West Coast bottom trawl surveys of groundfish resources off Washington, Oregon, and California: estimates of distribution, abundance, length, and age composition. National Marine Fisheries Service Technical Memorandum, NMFS-NWFSC- 114."]}

Spirinchus starksi (Fisk, 1913). Night Smelt. To 23 cm (9 in) TL (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983). Shelikof Bay, southeastern Gulf of Alaska (McAllister 1963, Mecklenburg et al. 2002) to southern California (34��N) (Bradburn et al. 2011). Depth: intertidal, surface to 128 m (422 ft) (Coad 1995); a record from 594 m (1,948 ft) (Bradburn et al. 2011) was from a trawl survey and may represent a midwater capture or a fish left in the net from a shallower tow., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Eschmeyer, W. N. & Herald, E. S. (1983) A Field Guide to Pacific Coast Fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.","McAllister, D. E. (1963) A revision of the smelt family, Osmeridae. Bulletin of the National Museum of Canada, 191.","Bradburn, M. J., Keller, A. A. & Horness, B. H. (2011) The 2003 to 2008 U. S. West Coast bottom trawl surveys of groundfish resources off Washington, Oregon, and California: estimates of distribution, abundance, length, and age composition. National Marine Fisheries Service Technical Memorandum, NMFS-NWFSC- 114.","Coad, B. W. (1995) Encyclopedia of Canadian Fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions Inc., Waterdown."]}

Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres, 1860). Longfin Smelt. To 20 cm (8 in) TL (Morrow 1980). Kodiak Island (Maslenikov et al. 2013) to southern California (33��54���N) (Bradburn et al. 2011). Marine, brackish, and fresh waters (Moyle 2002); depth: intertidal (Miller et al. 1980), surface to about 137 m (452 ft) (Mecklenburg et al. 2002). Anadromous., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Morrow, J. E. (1980) The Freshwater Fishes of Alaska. Alaska Northwest Publishing Company, Anchorage.","Maslenikov, K. P., Orr, J. W. & Stevenson, D. W. (2013) Range extensions and significant distributional records for eighty-two species of fishes in Alaskan marine waters. Northwestern Naturalist, 94, 1 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1898 / 12 - 23.1","Bradburn, M. J., Keller, A. A. & Horness, B. H. (2011) The 2003 to 2008 U. S. West Coast bottom trawl surveys of groundfish resources off Washington, Oregon, and California: estimates of distribution, abundance, length, and age composition. National Marine Fisheries Service Technical Memorandum, NMFS-NWFSC- 114.","Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California. Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley.","Miller, B. S., Simenstad, C. A., Cross, J. N., Fresh, K. L. & Steinfort, S. N. (1980) Nearshore fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages along the Strait of Juan de Fuca including food habits of the common nearshore fish. Interagency Energy / Environment R and D Program Report. EPA- 600 / 7 - 80 - 027."]}

The rapid decline of longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys, a threatened euryhaline forage fish in California, is a serious concern for scientists and resource managers. To recover and conserve this species, a captive culture program was initiated, focusing on the collection, captive rearing and breeding of wild broodstock, and the rearing of their offspring. Although progress has been made in the collection of broodstock and the production and culturing of larvae, no studies have evaluated the rearing of juvenile life stages in captivity. The present study examines methodological considerations for culturing F1 juvenile longfin smelt, specifically, the first efforts toward weaning juveniles to a dry commercial pellet feed. Cultured juvenile longfin smelt were fed live Artemia only or co-fed Artemia and dry feed for 62 days, and the effects of feed type on juvenile survival, growth, body condition, and fatty acid profiles were examined. No significant differences were observed between feeding treatments, despite an 80% reduction in Artemia in the co-feeding treatment. Furthermore, examination of fish stomach contents at the end of the trial confirmed the transition to dry feed. This is the first study to indicate successful feeding by longfin smelt on dry commercial pellets, and suggests that juvenile longfin smelt can be fully weaned onto dry feeds. Results of this study are critical for closing the lifecycle of longfin smelt in captivity and developing a successful conservation culture program for this imperiled species.

The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome was sequenced in two individuals of the European smelt Osmerus eperlanus. The genome sequences are 16,608 and 16,609 bp in size, and the gene arrangement, composition, and size are very similar to the other smelt mt genomes previously published. The difference between the two genomes studied is low, 0.05%. The difference is significantly higher (6.95%) between the O. eperlanus genomes studied here and the genome of the congeneric species, O. mordax (HM106493.1) available in GenBank. The distribution of divergence is non-uniform along the genomes. There is a continuous segment (≈2.5 kb) encompassing tRNA-Phe, complete 12S rRNA gene, tRNA-Val, and partial 16S rRNA gene, which demonstrates significantly lower levels of divergence than on average for the whole genome. The 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes are frequently used for phylogenetic and molecular taxonomy analyses and could underestimate the level of divergence between osmerid fishes.

Pond smelt Hypomesus olidus is a small-sized economic species of freshwater fish with delicious meat and high output. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of H. olidus sequenced to be 16,786 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs and a control region. The overall base composition of H. olidus is 24.3% for A, 27.3% for T, 29.2% for C and 19.2% for G, with a slight A + T bias. The mitogenome sequence data may provide useful information to the population genetics analysis of H. olidus and the elucidation of evolutionary mechanisms in Hypomesus fish.

Family Osmeridae Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard) Surf Smelt Contracaecum sp. Hysterothylacium aduncum Mallotus villosus (Müller) Capelin Anisakis simplex Anisakis sp. Ascarophis sp. Contracaecinea gen. sp. Contracaecum osculatum Contracaecum sp. Contracaecum sp. and/or Phocascaris sp. Hysterothylacium aduncum Hysterothylacium sp. Nematoda gen. sp. Phocascaris sp. Pseudoterranova decipiens Spirurida gen. sp. Osmerus mordax (Mitchill) Rainbow Smelt Anisakis sp. Ascarophis arctica Capillaria (Capillaroides) catenata Cosmocephalus obvelatus Cystidicola farionis Cystidicola stigmatura Hysterothylacium sp. Philometra sp. Philonema agubernaculum Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillaria) salvelini Pseudoterranova decipiens Pseudoterranova sp. Spinitectus carolini Spinitectus gracilis Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson) Eulachon Contracaecum sp., Published as part of Arai, Hisao P. & Smith, John W., 2016, Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 4185 (1) on pages 189-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4185.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/165530

Family Osmeridae Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard) Surf Smelt Contracaecum sp. Hysterothylacium aduncum Mallotus villosus (Müller) Capelin Anisakis simplex Anisakis sp. Ascarophis sp. Contracaecinea gen. sp. Contracaecum osculatum Contracaecum sp. Contracaecum sp. and/or Phocascaris sp. Hysterothylacium aduncum Hysterothylacium sp. Nematoda gen. sp. Phocascaris sp. Pseudoterranova decipiens Spirurida gen. sp. Osmerus mordax (Mitchill) Rainbow Smelt Anisakis sp. Ascarophis arctica Capillaria (Capillaroides) catenata Cosmocephalus obvelatus Cystidicola farionis Cystidicola stigmatura Hysterothylacium sp. Philometra sp. Philonema agubernaculum Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillaria) salvelini Pseudoterranova decipiens Pseudoterranova sp. Spinitectus carolini Spinitectus gracilis Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson) Eulachon Contracaecum sp.

Keys are provided for the identification of the nematode species known to be parasites of Canadian fishes. The nematodes are described and illustrated, with a note of the site(s) they occupy in named fish host(s) and their geographical distribution. Parasite records are given by author and date, full details of which can be found in a bibliography of over 800 references. Diagnoses and keys for 22 Families, 47 genera and 88 species of nematodes are also given, together with a glossary of terms, a host-parasite list, and indices to both nematode parasites and hosts.

The complete mitochondrial genome was sequenced in two individuals of the Arctic rainbow smelt Osmerus dentex. The genome sequences are 16,615 and 16,616 bp in size, and the gene arrangement, composition, and size are very similar to the other smelt mitochondrial genomes published previously. The difference between the two O. dentex genomes studied is 0.25%, that is, 5.0 times higher in comparison with close species, the European smelt O. eperlanus studied previously. The level of mitochondrial genome divergence between O. dentex and close osmerid fishes, O. eperlanus, and O. mordax is high enough (6.86–7.54%) to consider all of them as separate biological species.

Laan, Richard Van Der, Eschmeyer, William N., Fricke, Ronald (2014): Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa 3882 (2): 1-230, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1