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4. First BISTRO Observations of the Dark Cloud Taurus L1495A-B10: The Role of the Magnetic Field in the Earliest Stages of Low-mass Star Formation

Author

Ward-Thompson, Derek, Karoly, Janik, Pattle, Kate, Whitworth, Anthony, Kirk, Jason, Berry, David, Bastien, Pierre, Ching, Tao-Chung, Coudé, Simon, Hwang, Jihye, Kwon, Woojin, Soam, Archana, Wang, Jia-Wei, Hasegawa, Tetsuo, Lai, Shih-Ping, Qiu, Keping, Arzoumanian, Doris, Bourke, Tyler L, Byun, Do-Young, Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien, Chen, Wen Ping, Chen, Mike, Chen, Zhiwei, Cho, Jungyeon, Choi, Minho, Choi, Youngwoo, Choi, Yunhee, Chrysostomou, Antonio, Chung, Eun Jung, Dai, Sophia, Debattista, Victor, Di Francesco, James, Diep, Pham Ngoc, Doi, Yasuo, Duan, Hao-Yuan, Duan, Yan, Eswaraiah, Chakali, Fanciullo, Lapo, Fiege, Jason, Fissel, Laura M, Franzmann, Erica, Friberg, Per, Friesen, Rachel, Fuller, Gary, Furuya, Ray, Gledhill, Tim, Graves, Sarah, Greaves, Jane, Griffin, Matt, Gu, Qilao, Han, Ilseung, Hayashi, Saeko, Hoang, Thiem, Houde, Martin, Hull, Charles LH, Inoue, Tsuyoshi, Inutsuka, Shu-Ichiro, Iwasaki, Kazunari, Jeong, Il-Gyo, Johnstone, Doug, Könyves, Vera, Kang, Ji-Hyun, Kang, Miju, Kataoka, Akimasa, Kawabata, Koji, Kemper, Francisca, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Shinyoung, Kim, Gwanjeong, Kim, Kyoung Hee, Kim, Mi-Ryang, Kim, Kee-Tae, Kim, Hyosung, Kirchschlager, Florian, Kobayashi, Masato IN, Koch, Patrick M, Kusune, Takayoshi, Kwon, Jungmi, Lacaille, Kevin, Law, Chi-Yan, Lee, Chang Won, Lee, Hyeseung, Lee, Yong-Hee, Lee, Chin-Fei, Lee, Jeong-Eun, Lee, Sang-Sung, Li, Dalei, Li, Di, Li, Guangxing, Li, Hua-Bai, Lin, Sheng-Jun, Liu, Hong-Li, Liu, Tie, Liu, Sheng-Yuan, Liu, Junhao, Longmore, Steven, Lu, Xing, Lyo, A-Ran, Mairs, Steve, Matsumura, Masafumi, Matthews, Brenda, Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald, Nagata, Tetsuya, Nakamura, Fumitaka, Nakanishi, Hiroyuki, Ngoc, Nguyen Bich, Ohashi, Nagayoshi, Onaka, Takashi, Park, Geumsook, Parsons, Harriet, Peretto, Nicolas, Priestley, Felix, Pyo, Tae-Soo, Qian, Lei, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Jonathan, Rawlings, Mark, Retter, Brendan, Richer, John, Rigby, Andrew, Sadavoy, Sarah, Saito, Hiro, Savini, Giorgio, Seta, Masumichi, Shimajiri, Yoshito, Shinnaga, Hiroko, Tahani, Mehrnoosh, Tamura, Motohide, Tang, Ya-Wen, Tang, Xindi, Tomisaka, Kohji, Tram, Le Ngoc, Tsukamoto, Yusuke, Viti, Serena, Wang, Hongchi, Wu, Jintai, Xie, Jinjin, Yang, Meng-Zhe, Yen, Hsi-Wei, Yoo, Hyunju, Yuan, Jinghua, Yun, Hyeong-Sik, Zenko, Tetsuya, Zhang, Guoyin, Zhang, Yapeng, Zhang, Chuan-Peng, Zhou, Jianjun, Zhu, Lei, De Looze, Ilse, André, Philippe, Dowell, C Darren, Eden, David, Eyres, Stewart, Falle, Sam, Le Gouellec, Valentin JM, Poidevin, Frédérick, Robitaille, Jean-François, Van Loo, Sven, Ward-Thompson, Derek [0000-0003-1140-2761], Karoly, Janik [0000-0001-5996-3600], Pattle, Kate [0000-0002-8557-3582], Whitworth, Anthony [0000-0002-1178-5486], Kirk, Jason [0000-0002-4552-7477], Berry, David [0000-0001-6524-2447], Bastien, Pierre [0000-0002-0794-3859], Ching, Tao-Chung [0000-0001-8516-2532], Coudé, Simon [0000-0002-0859-0805], Hwang, Jihye [0000-0001-7866-2686], Kwon, Woojin [0000-0003-4022-4132], Soam, Archana [0000-0002-6386-2906], Wang, Jia-Wei [0000-0002-6668-974X], Hasegawa, Tetsuo [0000-0003-1853-0184], Lai, Shih-Ping [0000-0001-5522-486X], Qiu, Keping [0000-0002-5093-5088], Arzoumanian, Doris [0000-0002-1959-7201], Bourke, Tyler L [0000-0001-7491-0048], Byun, Do-Young [0000-0003-1157-4109], Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien [0000-0002-9774-1846], Chen, Wen Ping [0000-0003-0262-272X], Chen, Zhiwei [0000-0003-0849-0692], Cho, Jungyeon [0000-0003-1725-4376], Chrysostomou, Antonio [0000-0002-9583-8644], Chung, Eun Jung [0000-0003-0014-1527], Dai, Sophia [0000-0002-7928-416X], Debattista, Victor [0000-0001-7902-0116], Di Francesco, James [0000-0002-9289-2450], Diep, Pham Ngoc [0000-0002-2808-0888], Doi, Yasuo [0000-0001-8746-6548], Duan, Hao-Yuan [0000-0002-7022-4742], Duan, Yan [0000-0003-3758-7426], Eswaraiah, Chakali [0000-0003-4761-6139], Fanciullo, Lapo [0000-0001-9930-9240], Fissel, Laura M [0000-0002-4666-609X], Franzmann, Erica [0000-0003-2142-0357], Friberg, Per [0000-0002-8010-8454], Friesen, Rachel [0000-0001-7594-8128], Fuller, Gary [0000-0001-8509-1818], Furuya, Ray [0000-0003-0646-8782], Gledhill, Tim [0000-0002-2859-4600], Graves, Sarah [0000-0001-9361-5781], Greaves, Jane [0000-0002-3133-413X], Gu, Qilao [0000-0002-2826-1902], Hayashi, Saeko [0000-0001-5026-490X], Hoang, Thiem [0000-0003-2017-0982], Houde, Martin [0000-0003-4420-8674], Hull, Charles LH [0000-0002-8975-7573], Inoue, Tsuyoshi [0000-0002-7935-8771], Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro [0000-0003-4366-6518], Jeong, Il-Gyo [0000-0002-5492-6832], Johnstone, Doug [0000-0002-6773-459X], Könyves, Vera [0000-0002-3746-1498], Kang, Ji-hyun [0000-0001-7379-6263], Kang, Miju [0000-0002-5016-050X], Kataoka, Akimasa [0000-0003-4562-4119], Kawabata, Koji [0000-0001-6099-9539], Kemper, Francisca [0000-0003-2743-8240], Kim, Jongsoo [0000-0002-1229-0426], Kim, Shinyoung [0000-0001-9333-5608], Kim, Gwanjeong [0000-0003-2011-8172], Kim, Kyoung Hee [0000-0001-9597-7196], Kim, Kee-Tae [0000-0003-2412-7092], Kirchschlager, Florian [0000-0002-3036-0184], Kobayashi, Masato IN [0000-0003-3990-1204], Koch, Patrick M [0000-0003-2777-5861], Kusune, Takayoshi [0000-0002-9218-9319], Kwon, Jungmi [0000-0003-2815-7774], Lacaille, Kevin [0000-0001-9870-5663], Law, Chi-Yan [0000-0003-1964-970X], Lee, Chang Won [0000-0002-3179-6334], Lee, Hyeseung [0000-0003-3465-3213], Lee, Yong-Hee [0000-0001-6047-701X], Lee, Chin-Fei [0000-0002-3024-5864], Lee, Jeong-Eun [0000-0003-3119-2087], Lee, Sang-Sung [0000-0002-6269-594X], Li, Di [0000-0003-3010-7661], Li, Hua-bai [0000-0003-2641-9240], Lin, Sheng-Jun [0000-0002-6868-4483], Liu, Hong-Li [0000-0003-3343-9645], Liu, Tie [0000-0002-5286-2564], Liu, Sheng-Yuan [0000-0003-4603-7119], Liu, Junhao [0000-0002-4774-2998], Longmore, Steven [0000-0001-6353-0170], Lu, Xing [0000-0003-2619-9305], Lyo, A-Ran [0000-0002-9907-8427], Mairs, Steve [0000-0002-6956-0730], Matsumura, Masafumi [0000-0002-6906-0103], Matthews, Brenda [0000-0003-3017-9577], Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald [0000-0002-0393-7822], Nagata, Tetsuya [0000-0001-9264-9015], Nakamura, Fumitaka [0000-0001-5431-2294], Ngoc, Nguyen Bich [0000-0002-5913-5554], Ohashi, Nagayoshi [0000-0003-0998-5064], Onaka, Takashi [0000-0002-8234-6747], Park, Geumsook [0000-0001-8467-3736], Parsons, Harriet [0000-0002-6327-3423], Pyo, Tae-Soo [0000-0002-3273-0804], Qian, Lei [0000-0003-0597-0957], Rao, Ramprasad [0000-0002-1407-7944], Rawlings, Jonathan [0000-0001-5560-1303], Rawlings, Mark [0000-0002-6529-202X], Richer, John [0000-0002-9693-6860], Rigby, Andrew [0000-0002-3351-2200], Savini, Giorgio [0000-0003-4449-9416], Shimajiri, Yoshito [0000-0001-9368-3143], Shinnaga, Hiroko [0000-0001-9407-6775], Tahani, Mehrnoosh [0000-0001-8749-1436], Tamura, Motohide [0000-0002-6510-0681], Tang, Ya-Wen [0000-0002-0675-276X], Tang, Xindi [0000-0002-4154-4309], Tomisaka, Kohji [0000-0003-2726-0892], Tram, Le Ngoc [0000-0002-6488-8227], Viti, Serena [0000-0001-8504-8844], Wang, Hongchi [0000-0003-0746-7968], Wu, Jintai [0000-0001-7276-3590], Xie, Jinjin [0000-0002-2738-146X], Yen, Hsi-Wei [0000-0003-1412-893X], Yoo, Hyunju [0000-0002-8578-1728], Yun, Hyeong-Sik [0000-0001-6842-1555], Zhang, Yapeng [0000-0002-5102-2096], Zhang, Chuan-Peng [0000-0002-4428-3183], Zhou, Jianjun [0000-0003-0356-818X], André, Philippe [0000-0002-3413-2293], Eden, David [0000-0002-5881-3229], Falle, Sam [0000-0002-9829-0426], Le Gouellec, Valentin JM [0000-0002-5714-799X], Poidevin, Frédérick [0000-0002-5391-5568], Robitaille, Jean-François [0000-0001-5079-8573], van Loo, Sven [0000-0003-4746-8500], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 51 Physical Sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

We present BISTRO Survey 850 {\mu}m dust emission polarisation observations of the L1495A-B10 region of the Taurus molecular cloud, taken at the JCMT. We observe a roughly triangular network of dense filaments. We detect 9 of the dense starless cores embedded within these filaments in polarisation, finding that the plane-of-sky orientation of the core-scale magnetic field lies roughly perpendicular to the filaments in almost all cases. We also find that the large-scale magnetic field orientation measured by Planck is not correlated with any of the core or filament structures, except in the case of the lowest-density core. We propose a scenario for early prestellar evolution that is both an extension to, and consistent with, previous models, introducing an additional evolutionary transitional stage between field-dominated and matter-dominated evolution, observed here for the first time. In this scenario, the cloud collapses first to a sheet-like structure. Uniquely, we appear to be seeing this sheet almost face-on. The sheet fragments into filaments, which in turn form cores. However, the material must reach a certain critical density before the evolution changes from being field-dominated to being matter-dominated. We measure the sheet surface density and the magnetic field strength at that transition for the first time and show consistency with an analytical prediction that had previously gone untested for over 50 years (Mestel 1965)., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures. ApJ accepted

Published
2023

5. Development and demonstration of a method for assessing learners' English speaking ability

Author

Natsumi Onaka, Daniel Newbury, and Jacob B Petersen

Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Beyond the four basic language skills – speaking, listening, reading and writing – other communication skills, including body language and eye contact, are important for communication and should be included as rating criteria in the assessment of interaction. Also, using technology in novel ways for purposes such as remote assessment is possible in the 21st century. Professor Natsumi Onaka, Associate Professor Daniel Newbury and Associate Professor Jacob B Petersen are striving to create a cost-effective peer-to-peer interaction English assessment system that supports foreign language education and testing through widely-used technology and an assessment system that places interaction as central to effective communication. In the context of globalisation, Onaka, International Education Center, Iwate University, Japan, believes that the focus of English education should be meaningful interaction rather than rote memorization of grammar and vocabulary for testing purposes. She is heading up this research and is a proponent of 'spontaneous interaction'. She and the team are developing a simple and standardised method for evaluating English-speaking skills by creating tasks and related rubrics focused on interactional situations. Videos of a subject's English speech and communication are recorded and stored in a Learning Management System (LMS) and then evaluated by a third-party, off-site evaluator. The focus is on CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) A2 to B1 level speaking skills. By focusing on novice-level interaction, the researchers are able to observe nascent interactional competence among university-aged students and they are attempting to apply some rating criteria to identify differences in ability. By using video as the text format, non-verbal communication such as gestures can be taken into consideration, along with important traditional factors such as grammatical accuracy.

Published
2023
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6. Theoretical study of infrared and ultraviolet spectra of 14 isomers of C24 and comparison with astronomical observations

Author

Venkata Lakshmi Karri, Sumalya Kaluva, Ajay Chaudhari, Takashi Onaka, and Mahadevappa Naganathappa

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract

The present paper discusses the infrared features of C24 based on the density functional theory calculation and suggests some of the features observed in celestial objects may be attributed to C24. We also calculate the electronic absorption spectra of the C24 isomers to compare with the bump feature at 217 nm in the interstellar extinction curve. The C24 isomers are of four groups viz. cage, planar, bowl, and ring forms, and the present study considers their neutral and charged states. The structural parameters are reported for the first time. The planar structure is the most stable and the ring structure has a significant dipole moment observed. We extract theoretical infrared spectra of fourteen isomers in their neutral and charged states at the B3LYP/6–311++G** level of theory. The time-dependent density functional theory approach is used to calculate the electronic transitions, the absorbance, and the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbitals (HOMO) to Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbitals (LUMO) gaps of the 14 C24 isomers in their neutral and charged states. Upon ionization, significant changes are observed in the infrared and electronic absorption spectra, and the structural parameters. Average theoretical spectra of the cage, planar, bowl, and ring of the C24 isomer show the features at 6.2, 7.65, 8.65, 11.3, 12.8, and 35.6 μm, which match with the features in the observed spectra of the reflection nebulae, NGC 2023 and NGC 7023. A sign of a bump in the ultraviolet at around 218 nm is observed in the electronic absorption spectra.

Published
2022
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8. Varifocal Concave–Convex Lens Using Viscoelastic Gel and Ultrasound Vibration

Author

Shunsuke Hashimoto, Yuki Harada, Kosuke Nakamura, Takahiro Iwase, Jessica Onaka, Mami Matsukawa, and Daisuke Koyama

Subjects
Microscopy, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Equipment Design, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Vibration, Instrumentation, Lenses, Ultrasonography
Abstract

A varifocal concave-convex lens using ultrasound and transparent viscoelastic gel is reported. The configuration of the lens is simple and thin, consisting of four pieces of a piezoelectric ultrasound transducer, a glass disk, and a transparent silicone gel film. It uses a combination of the ultrasound resonant flexural standing- and traveling-wave modes excited by in-phase and four-phase drives so that the lens can change its shape to both concave and convex by switching the resonance mode with the same structure. The acoustic radiation force (ARF) originated from the resonant flexural vibration modes changed the surface profile of the gel. Convex and concave deformation were generated at the center of the lens at the resonance frequencies of 38 and 60 kHz, respectively, indicating that a varifocal concave-convex lens could be fabricated by controlling the driving frequency, voltage amplitude, and phase differences among the ultrasound transducers. The deformational displacement on the lens surface and the change in the focal length increased with the input voltage amplitude. The optical microscopic images observed through the lens were enlarged 1.28× (reduced 0.92× ) in the convex (concave) mode with 20 [Formula: see text]. The response time for focusing and the temperature stability under operation were evaluated. By switching the resonance vibration modes of the lens through the input signals to multiple ultrasound transducers, the variable-focus function with both concave and convex lenses was achieved in the same configuration.

Published
2022
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11. PDRs4All: A JWST Early Release Science Program on Radiative Feedback from Massive Stars

Author

Olivier Berné, Émilie Habart, Els Peeters, Alain Abergel, Edwin A. Bergin, Jeronimo Bernard-Salas, Emeric Bron, Jan Cami, Emmanuel Dartois, Asunción Fuente, Javier R. Goicoechea, Karl D. Gordon, Yoko Okada, Takashi Onaka, Massimo Robberto, Markus Röllig, Alexander G. G. M. Tielens, Sílvia Vicente, Mark G. Wolfire, Felipe Alarcón, C. Boersma, Amélie Canin, Ryan Chown, Daniel Dicken, David Languignon, Romane Le Gal, Marc W. Pound, Boris Trahin, Thomas Simmer, Ameek Sidhu, Dries Van De Putte, Sara Cuadrado, Claire Guilloteau, Alexandros Maragkoudakis, Bethany R. Schefter, Thiébaut Schirmer, Stéphanie Cazaux, Isabel Aleman, Louis Allamandola, Rebecca Auchettl, Giuseppe Antonio Baratta, Salma Bejaoui, Partha P. Bera, Goranka Bilalbegović, John H. Black, Francois Boulanger, Jordy Bouwman, Bernhard Brandl, Philippe Brechignac, Sandra Brünken, Andrew Burkhardt, Alessandra Candian, Jose Cernicharo, Marin Chabot, Shubhadip Chakraborty, Jason Champion, Sean W. J. Colgan, Ilsa R. Cooke, Audrey Coutens, Nick L. J. Cox, Karine Demyk, Jennifer Donovan Meyer, Cécile Engrand, Sacha Foschino, Pedro García-Lario, Lisseth Gavilan, Maryvonne Gerin, Marie Godard, Carl A. Gottlieb, Pierre Guillard, Antoine Gusdorf, Patrick Hartigan, Jinhua He, Eric Herbst, Liv Hornekaer, Cornelia Jäger, Eduardo Janot-Pacheco, Christine Joblin, Michael Kaufman, Francisca Kemper, Sarah Kendrew, Maria S. Kirsanova, Pamela Klaassen, Collin Knight, Sun Kwok, Álvaro Labiano, Thomas S.-Y. Lai, Timothy J. Lee, Bertrand Lefloch, Franck Le Petit, Aigen Li, Hendrik Linz, Cameron J. Mackie, Suzanne C. Madden, Joëlle Mascetti, Brett A. McGuire, Pablo Merino, Elisabetta R. Micelotta, Karl Misselt, Jon A. Morse, Giacomo Mulas, Naslim Neelamkodan, Ryou Ohsawa, Alain Omont, Roberta Paladini, Maria Elisabetta Palumbo, Amit Pathak, Yvonne J. Pendleton, Annemieke Petrignani, Thomas Pino, Elena Puga, Naseem Rangwala, Mathias Rapacioli, Alessandra Ricca, Julia Roman-Duval, Joseph Roser, Evelyne Roueff, Gaël Rouillé, Farid Salama, Dinalva A. Sales, Karin Sandstrom, Peter Sarre, Ella Sciamma-O’Brien, Kris Sellgren, Matthew J. Shannon, Sachindev S. Shenoy, David Teyssier, Richard D. Thomas, Aditya Togi, Laurent Verstraete, Adolf N. Witt, Alwyn Wootten, Nathalie Ysard, Henning Zettergren, Yong Zhang, Ziwei E. Zhang, Junfeng Zhen, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Analytic and Computational Research, Inc. - Earth Sciences (ACRI-ST), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, Madrid, Instituto de Física Fundamental [Madrid] (IFF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), Physikalisches Institut [Köln], Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Meisei University, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço (IASTRO), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Onsala Space Observatory (OSO), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAER), Australian Synchrotron [Clayton], INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), University of Zagreb, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Colorado [Boulder], Institute for Molecules and Materials [Nijmegen], Radboud University [Nijmegen], Wellesley College, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of British Columbia (UBC), National Radio Astronomy Observatory [Charlottesville] (NRAO), National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Rice University [Houston], Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), University of Virginia, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas [São Paulo] (IAG), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), San Jose State University [San Jose] (SJSU), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INASAN), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), UK Astronomy Technology Centre (UK ATC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Telespazio, Services par satellites, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments [Hefei], School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques Laboratoire (LCPQ), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Stockholm University, Texas State University, Ritter Astrophysical Research Center, University of Toledo, National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Star and Planet Formation Laboratory, ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, AUS, BEL, BRA, CHL, TWN, HRV, DNK, JPN, IND, NLD, PRT, CHN, RUS, SWE, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Maryland, University of Michigan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), German Research Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, San José State University Research Foundation, Berné, Olivier, Habart, Émilie, Peeters, Els, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Bron, Emeric, Cami, Jan, Dartois, Emmanuel, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Tielens, Alexander G.G.M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Alarcón, Felipe, Boersma, C., Canin, Amélie, Chown, Ryan, Dicken, Daniel, Le Gal, Romane, Pound, Marc W., Trahin, Boris, Sidhu, Ameek, Van De Putte, Dries, Cuadrado, Sara, Guilloteau, Claire, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Schefter, Bethany R., Schirmer, Thiébaut, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Antonio Baratta, Giuseppe, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Bilalbegović, Goranka, Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brünken, Sandra, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Cernicharo, José, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W.J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L.J., Demyk, Karine, Donovan Meyer, Jennifer, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Joblin, Christine, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Klaassen, Pamela, Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S.Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Le Petit, Franck, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, MacKie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Molecular Spectroscopy (HIMS, FNWI), and HIMS (FNWI)

Subjects
Gaseous Nebulae, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, FELIX Infrared and Terahertz Spectroscopy, Star Forming Regions, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Infrared Telescopes, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Photodissociation Regions, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Photo-Dissociation Regions (PDRs), Massive stars, Orion Bar, MIRI, NIRSpec, NIRCam, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

22 pags., 8 figs., 1 tab., Massive stars disrupt their natal molecular cloud material through radiative and mechanical feedback processes. These processes have profound effects on the evolution of interstellar matter in our Galaxy and throughout the universe, from the era of vigorous star formation at redshifts of 1-3 to the present day. The dominant feedback processes can be probed by observations of the Photo-Dissociation Regions (PDRs) where the far-ultraviolet photons of massive stars create warm regions of gas and dust in the neutral atomic and molecular gas. PDR emission provides a unique tool to study in detail the physical and chemical processes that are relevant for most of the mass in inter-and circumstellar media including diffuse clouds, proto-planetary disks, and molecular cloud surfaces, globules, planetary nebulae, and star-forming regions. PDR emission dominates the infrared (IR) spectra of star-forming galaxies. Most of the Galactic and extragalactic observations obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will therefore arise in PDR emission. In this paper we present an Early Release Science program using the MIRI, NIRSpec, and NIRCam instruments dedicated to the observations of an emblematic and nearby PDR: the Orion Bar. These early JWST observations will provide template data sets designed to identify key PDR characteristics in JWST observations. These data will serve to benchmark PDR models and extend them into the JWST era. We also present the Science-Enabling products that we will provide to the community. These template data sets and Science-Enabling products will guide the preparation of future proposals on star-forming regions in our Galaxy and beyond and will facilitate data analysis and interpretation of forthcoming JWST observations., Support for JWST-ERS program ID 1288 was provided through grants from the STScI under NASA contract NAS5-03127 to STScI (K.G., D.V.D.P., M.R.), Univ. of Maryland (M.W., M.P.), Univ. of Michigan (E.B., F.A.), and Univ. of Toledo (T.S.-Y.L.). O.B. and E.H. are supported by the Programme National “Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire” (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU with INC/INP co-funded by CEA and CNES, and through APR grants 6315 and 6410 provided by CNES. E. P. and J.C. acknowledge support from the National Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant program (RGPIN-2020-06434 and RGPIN-2021-04197 respectively). E.P. acknowledges support from a Western Strategic Support Accelerator Grant (ROLA ID 0000050636). J.R.G. and S.C. thank the Spanish MCINN for funding support under grant PID2019-106110GB-I00. Work by M.R. and Y.O. is carried out within the Collaborative Research Centre 956, subproject C1, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)—project ID 184018867. T.O. acknowledges support from JSPS Bilateral Program, grant No. 120219939. M.P. and M.W. acknowledge support from NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program award #80NSSC19K0573. C.B. is grateful for an appointment at NASA Ames Research Center through the San José State University Research Foundation (NNX17AJ88A) and acknowledges support from the Internal Scientist Funding Model (ISFM) Directed Work Package at NASA Ames titled: “Laboratory Astrophysics—The NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database.”

Published
2022
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12. The JCMT BISTRO Survey: A Spiral Magnetic Field in a Hub-filament Structure, Monoceros R2

Author

Hwang, J, Kim, J, Pattle, K, Lee, CW, Koch, PM, Johnstone, D, Tomisaka, K, Whitworth, A, Furuya, RS, Kang, JH, Lyo, AR, Chung, EJ, Arzoumanian, D, Park, G, Kwon, W, Kim, S, Tamura, M, Kwon, J, Soam, A, Han, I, Hoang, T, Kim, KH, Onaka, T, Eswaraiah, C, Ward-Thompson, D, Liu, HL, Tang, X, Chen, WP, Matsumura, M, Hoang, TD, Chen, Z, Le Gouellec, VJM, Kirchschlager, F, Poidevin, F, Bastien, P, Qiu, K, Hasegawa, T, Lai, SP, Byun, DY, Cho, J, Choi, M, Choi, Y, Jeong, IG, Kang, M, Kim, H, Kim, KT, Lee, JE, Lee, SS, Lee, YH, Lee, H, Kim, MR, Yoo, H, Yun, HS, Chen, M, Di Francesco, J, Fiege, J, Fissel, LM, Franzmann, E, Houde, M, Lacaille, K, Matthews, B, Sadavoy, S, Moriarty-Schieven, G, Tahani, M, Ching, TC, Dai, YS, Duan, Y, Gu, Q, Law, CY, Li, D, Li, G, Li, HB, Liu, T, Lu, X, Qian, L, Wang, H, Wu, J, Xie, J, Yuan, J, Zhang, CP, Zhang, G, Zhang, Y, Zhou, J, Zhu, L, Berry, D, Friberg, P, Graves, S, Liu, J, Mairs, S, Parsons, H, Rawlings, M, Doi, Y, Hayashi, S, Hull, CLH, Inoue, T, Inutsuka, SI, Iwasaki, K, Kataoka, A, Hwang, J [0000-0001-7866-2686], Kim, J [0000-0002-1229-0426], Pattle, K [0000-0002-8557-3582], Lee, CW [0000-0002-3179-6334], Koch, PM [0000-0003-2777-5861], Johnstone, D [0000-0002-6773-459X], Tomisaka, K [0000-0003-2726-0892], Whitworth, A [0000-0002-1178-5486], Furuya, RS [0000-0003-0646-8782], Kang, JH [0000-0001-7379-6263], Lyo, AR [0000-0002-9907-8427], Chung, EJ [0000-0003-0014-1527], Arzoumanian, D [0000-0002-1959-7201], Park, G [0000-0001-8467-3736], Kwon, W [0000-0003-4022-4132], Kim, S [0000-0001-9333-5608], Tamura, M [0000-0002-6510-0681], Kwon, J [0000-0003-2815-7774], Soam, A [0000-0002-6386-2906], Han, I [0000-0002-9143-1433], Hoang, T [0000-0003-2017-0982], Kim, KH [0000-0001-9597-7196], Onaka, T [0000-0002-8234-6747], Eswaraiah, C [0000-0003-4761-6139], Ward-Thompson, D [0000-0003-1140-2761], Liu, HL [0000-0003-3343-9645], Tang, X [0000-0002-4154-4309], Chen, WP [0000-0003-0262-272X], Matsumura, M [0000-0002-6906-0103], Hoang, TD [0000-0002-3437-5228], Chen, Z [0000-0003-0849-0692], Le Gouellec, VJM [0000-0002-5714-799X], Kirchschlager, F [0000-0002-3036-0184], Poidevin, F [0000-0002-5391-5568], Bastien, P [0000-0002-0794-3859], Qiu, K [0000-0002-5093-5088], Hasegawa, T [0000-0003-1853-0184], Lai, SP [0000-0001-5522-486X], Byun, DY [0000-0003-1157-4109], Cho, J [0000-0003-1725-4376], Jeong, IG [0000-0002-5492-6832], Kang, M [0000-0002-5016-050X], Kim, KT [0000-0003-2412-7092], Lee, JE [0000-0003-3119-2087], Lee, SS [0000-0002-6269-594X], Lee, YH [0000-0001-6047-701X], Lee, H [0000-0003-3465-3213], Kim, MR [0000-0002-1408-7747], Yoo, H [0000-0002-8578-1728], Yun, HS [0000-0001-6842-1555], Di Francesco, J [0000-0002-9289-2450], Fissel, LM [0000-0002-4666-609X], Franzmann, E [0000-0003-2142-0357], Houde, M [0000-0003-4420-8674], Lacaille, K [0000-0001-9870-5663], Matthews, B [0000-0003-3017-9577], Moriarty-Schieven, G [0000-0002-0393-7822], Tahani, M [0000-0001-8749-1436], Ching, TC [0000-0001-8516-2532], Dai, YS [0000-0002-7928-416X], Gu, Q [0000-0002-2826-1902], Li, HB [0000-0003-2641-9240], Liu, T [0000-0002-5286-2564], Lu, X [0000-0003-2619-9305], Qian, L [0000-0003-0597-0957], Wu, J [0000-0001-7276-3590], Xie, J [0000-0002-2738-146X], Zhang, CP [0000-0002-4428-3183], Zhang, Y [0000-0002-5102-2096], Zhou, J [0000-0003-0356-818X], Berry, D [0000-0001-6524-2447], Friberg, P [0000-0002-8010-8454], Graves, S [0000-0001-9361-5781], Liu, J [0000-0002-4774-2998], Mairs, S [0000-0002-6956-0730], Parsons, H [0000-0002-6327-3423], Rawlings, M [0000-0002-6529-202X], Doi, Y [0000-0001-8746-6548], Hayashi, S [0000-0001-5026-490X], Hull, CLH [0000-0002-8975-7573], Inoue, T [0000-0002-7935-8771], Inutsuka, SI [0000-0003-4366-6518], Kataoka, A [0000-0003-4562-4119], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
5101 Astronomical Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

We present and analyze observations of polarized dust emission at 850 μm toward the central 1 × 1 pc hub-filament structure of Monoceros R2 (Mon R2). The data are obtained with SCUBA-2/POL-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) as part of the B-fields in Star-forming Region Observations survey. The orientations of the magnetic field follow the spiral structure of Mon R2, which are well described by an axisymmetric magnetic field model. We estimate the turbulent component of the magnetic field using the angle difference between our observations and the best-fit model of the underlying large-scale mean magnetic field. This estimate is used to calculate the magnetic field strength using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, for which we also obtain the distribution of volume density and velocity dispersion using a column density map derived from Herschel data and the C18O (J = 3 − 2) data taken with HARP on the JCMT, respectively. We make maps of magnetic field strengths and mass-to-flux ratios, finding that magnetic field strengths vary from 0.02 to 3.64 mG with a mean value of 1.0 ± 0.06 mG, and the mean critical mass-to-flux ratio is 0.47 ± 0.02. Additionally, the mean Alfvén Mach number is 0.35 ± 0.01. This suggests that, in Mon R2, the magnetic fields provide resistance against large-scale gravitational collapse, and the magnetic pressure exceeds the turbulent pressure. We also investigate the properties of each filament in Mon R2. Most of the filaments are aligned along the magnetic field direction and are magnetically subcritical.

Published
2022
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13. A Reductive Benzylation for Benzenes Using Aroyl Chlorides and Triethylsilane Catalyzed by Aluminosilicate-Stabilized Silyl Cations on Montmorillonite

Author

Makoto Onaka, Yoshiki Tanaka, Shintaro Shibata, Kimiko Hashimoto, and Yoichi Masui

Subjects
Organic Chemistry
Abstract

We discovered that the aluminosilicate-stabilized silyl cations, which were created from a solid-acid catalyst, the proton-exchanged montmorillonite, and Et3SiH, efficiently promoted the reductive benzylation of benzenes with aromatic carboxylic acid chlorides and Et3SiH in one pot.

Published
2022
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14. Bone Morphology in Ulnar Impaction Syndrome: A Radiographic Evaluation

Author

Shuko, Chinen, Hirotaka, Okubo, Keiko, Onaka, Motoko, Nakasone, Masaki, Kinjo, and Kotaro, Nishida

Subjects
Wrist Joint, Triquetrum Bone, Humans, Lunate Bone, General Medicine, Joint Diseases, Capitate Bone
Abstract

Background: Positive ulnar variance (UV) may be associated with a higher incidence of ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS). However, neutral and/or negative UV has also been associated with the development of UIS; therefore, other risk factors may be involved. The purpose of this study was to compare radiological bone morphology in patients with UIS and asymptomatic controls. Methods: Between 2009 and 2018, posteroanterior wrist radiographs of 47 wrists in 45 patients diagnosed with UIS were compared with those of 163 wrists in 93 asymptomatic patients from the control group. The following parameters were obtained: ulnar variance (UV); ulnar head top-fovea distance (UTFD); capitate–triquetrum distance (CTD); radio-lunate distance (RLD) and lunate coverage ratio (LCR). The morphology of the lunate was classified based on the absence (type I) or presence (type II) of a medial facet that articulates with the hamate. The radiographic parameters and lunate types were compared between the two groups. We then divided the groups into two subgroups: the positive UV subgroup and the neutral/negative UV subgroup. In each subgroup, the radiographic parameters and lunate types were compared between the UIS and control groups. Results: In the UIS group, the UV and UTFD were significantly increased compared to those in the control group. The proportion of type II lunates was significantly higher in the UIS group than in the control group. In addition, the type II lunate was more common in the UIS group in both the positive UV and negative UV groups. Conclusions: Our study suggests that in addition to positive UV, ulnar head morphology with an increased UTFD and type II lunate morphology may be associated with the development of ulnar impaction syndrome. Level of Evidence: Level III (Diagnostic)

Published
2022
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15. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for trisomy 8-positive myelodysplastic syndrome or myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease with refractory Behçet’s disease: Case report and the review of literature

Author

Takashi Onaka, Kazuhisa Nakano, Yuri Uemoto, Naoto Miyakawa, Yasuyuki Otsuka, Aiko Ogura-Kato, Fumie Iwai, Yoshiya Tanaka, and Akihito Yonezawa

Subjects
surgical procedures, operative, Behcet Syndrome, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Humans, Trisomy, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
Abstract

We had two cases of trisomy 8-positive myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with incomplete Behçet’s disease (BD) in which the remissions of both diseases were maintained by allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Among MDS with BD patients, sometimes it is difficult to control the symptoms of BD with standard therapies such as corticosteroids and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. Although there should be careful consideration regarding indications for transplantation, our two cases, in which refractory BD was completely controlled by allo-SCT, suggest that allo-SCT can be one of the treatment options for higher-risk MDS with BD patients.

Published
2022
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18. AVP-eGFP was significantly upregulated by hypovolemia in the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus in the transgenic rats

Author

Kenya Sanada, Hiromichi Ueno, Tetsu Miyamoto, Kazuhiko Baba, Kentaro Tanaka, Haruki Nishimura, Kazuaki Nishimura, Satomi Sonoda, Mitsuhiro Yoshimura, Takashi Maruyama, Tatsushi Onaka, Yutaka Otsuji, Masaharu Kataoka, and Yoichi Ueta

Subjects
Male, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, endocrine system, Time Factors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Physiology, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Hypovolemia, Polyethylene Glycols, Genes, Reporter, Physiology (medical), Animals, Rats, Wistar, Saline Solution, Hypertonic, urogenital system, Up-Regulation, Arginine Vasopressin, Disease Models, Animal, nervous system, Rats, Transgenic, Corticosterone, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Supraoptic Nucleus, Injections, Intraperitoneal, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus
Abstract

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is produced in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON). Peripheral AVP, which is secreted from the posterior pituitary, is produced in the magnocellular division of the PVN (mPVN) and SON. In addition, AVP is produced in the parvocellular division of the PVN (pPVN), where corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) is synthesized. These peptides synergistically modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Previous studies have revealed that the HPA axis was activated by hypovolemia. However, the detailed dynamics of AVP in the pPVN under hypovolemic state has not been elucidated. Here, we evaluated the effects of hypovolemia and hyperosmolality on the hypothalamus, using AVP-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) transgenic rats. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) or 3% hypertonic saline (HTN) was intraperitoneally administered to develop hypovolemia or hyperosmolality. AVP-eGFP intensity was robustly upregulated at 3 and 6 h after intraperitoneal administration of PEG or HTN in the mPVN. While in the pPVN, eGFP intensity was significantly increased at 6 h after intraperitoneal administration of PEG with significant induction of Fos-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons. Consistently, eGFP mRNA, AVP hnRNA, and CRF mRNA in the pPVN and plasma AVP and corticosterone were significantly increased at 6 h after intraperitoneal administration of PEG. The results suggest that AVP and CRF syntheses in the pPVN were activated by hypovolemia, resulting in the activation of the HPA axis.

Published
2022
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20. Intracellular Phage Tail-Like Nanostructures Affect Susceptibility of Streptomyces lividans to Osmotic Stress

Author

Toshiki Nagakubo, Shumpei Asamizu, Tatsuya Yamamoto, Manami Kato, Tatsuya Nishiyama, Masanori Toyofuku, Nobuhiko Nomura, and Hiroyasu Onaka

Subjects
Molecular Biology, Microbiology
Abstract

Recent bioinformatic analyses have revealed that CIS-related gene clusters are highly conserved in Gram-positive actinomycetes, especially members of the genus Streptomyces known for their ability to produce therapeutic antibiotics. While typical CISs are released from the cells and can act as protein translocation systems that inject effector proteins into the target cells, our results indicate the unique intracellular localization of SLPs, CIS-related nanostructures produced by S. lividans . In addition, the direct and indirect interactions of SLPs with cytoplasmic proteins and SLP localization within specific regions of mycelia suggest that the biological significance of SLPs is related to intracellular processes.

Published
2023
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21. Regulation of Multidrug Efflux Pumps by TetR Family Transcriptional Repressor Negatively Affects Secondary Metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

Author

Yukun Lei, Shumpei Asamizu, Takumi Ishizuka, and Hiroyasu Onaka

Subjects
Ecology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

The bacterial metabolic potential to synthesize diverse secondary metabolites in the environment has been revealed by recent (meta)genomics of both unculturable and culturable bacteria. These studies imply that bacteria are continuously exposed to harmful chemical compounds in the environment. Streptomyces spp. contain antibiotic efflux pumps and SM biosynthetic gene clusters.

Published
2023
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23. What We Know About the Genetic Determinants of Human Homosexuality? A Short Review Communication

Author

Fernanda Viana de Carvalho Moreto, Giuliano Moreto Onaka, Antonio Carlos Dorsa, Patricia Kubalaki Onaka, Leandro Rachel Arguello, Sandra Martins de Brito Carvalho, Maria Neide De Almeida, Patricia Coelho de Almeida, Luis Henrique Almeida Castro, Nelma Lina Almeida Castro, and Cristina Paula Pereira

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, General Medicine, Homosexuality, Psychology, Social psychology, media_common
Abstract

“Homosexualism”, “sexual orientation disorder”, “egodistonic homosexuality”, “unspecified sexual disorder”, “sexual maturity disorder” and “sexual relationship disorder”. Since 1948, these have been, throughout the history of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DCM) and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), the terms used by the scientific community to categorize the homoaffective spectrum until in 2017, in the face of strong social and academic demand, their complete disengagement from any terminology that categorizes them as physical and/or mental illness. On the other hand, some areas of science have contributed substantially to a better understanding of this subject, such as genetics and epigenetics. Today, although the scientific community still offers some points of resistance, especially in more conservative countries, it is a consensus that since the implementation of the genome project there has been a considerable methodological expansion that has opened new possibilities of studies that have allowed this advance.

Published
2021
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26. Silicon Wafer Gettering Design for Advanced CMOS Image Sensors Using Hydrocarbon Molecular Ion Implantation: A Review

Author

Hidehiko Okuda, Koji Kobayashi, Takeshi Kadono, Ryosuke Okuyama, Yoshihiro Koga, Ryo Hirose, Ayumi Onaka-Masada, Satoshi Shigematsu, Akihiko Suzuki, and Kazunari Kurita

Subjects
Data processing, Fabrication, Materials science, business.industry, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Electrical engineering, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Smartwatch, CMOS, Personal computer, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Wafer, Image sensor, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Sensitivity (electronics), Biotechnology
Abstract

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors have widely been used in internet of thinking (IoT) devices such as smartphones, smart watch and personal computer tablets [1] . The consumer market strongly requires higher sensitivity and higher speed image data processing to realize high functional CMOS image sensors such as three dimensionally stacked back-side-illuminated CMOS image sensors (3D-CIS) [2] . However, there are some serious technological issues in the fabrication of advanced CMOS image sensors as shown in Fig. 1 .

Published
2022
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28. Redox-active compound generated by bacterial crosstalk induces hypha branching inStreptomycesspecies

Author

Manami Kato, Shumpei Asamizu, and Hiroyasu Onaka

Abstract

Chemical cross talks betweenMycolicibacterium septicumHEK138M andBacillus subtilis168 affect the bacterial morphology ofStreptomyces variegatusHEK138A. We found thatS. variegatusexhibits unusual hyphae branching by the bacterial interaction. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism by performing activity guided purification of substances that induce the unusual cell morphology. We found that pyrogallol, a redox active aromatic small molecule induced significant hyphae branching inS. variegatusand the activity was also observed in some of otherStreptomycesspecies. Interestingly, the pyrogallol activity was diminished by adding catalase, which broke down H2O2. To further confirm the involvement, H2O2was tested and similar activity which induced hyphal branching was observed. This indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by redox-active compound (RAC) is the inducing factor of hyphae branching. Further investigation revealed that pyrogallol was generated by NahG enzyme homolog ofM. septicumusing 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid as substrate by heterologous expression inE. coli. Moreover, co-culture with gene knock-out mutants revealed that 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid was supplied byB. subtilisproduced as intermediate of bacterial siderophore bacillibactin. Since the hyphae branching of vegetative mycelium can increase the density of filamentous network and consequently help secure the milieu in soil, our results suggested that those filamentous soil bacteria use ROS which can be supplied from plant derived RAC as a signal. As those RAC ubiquitously exist in soil environment, the system will be beneficial for sensing the nutrient sources in addition to the generally considered defensive response to oxidative stress.ImportanceThe characterization of interactions between three or more bacteria are lacking as these interactions are visually imperceptible in general. Our current study revealed changes of morphological behavior by the bacterial interaction. This study showed that hydrogen peroxide generated by redox-active compound derived from a breakdown product of siderophore can significantly increase the number of hyphae tip extension in filamentous bacteria. Our result implies the existence of oxidative response system using a low amount of reactive oxygen species as an integrated signal to sense the plant-derived carbon source by the filamentous soil bacteria. As a result of sensing, filamentous soil bacteria may decide whether the hypha tip should be extended to further explore the area or increase the tips to densify filamentous network to monopolize the nutrients in the milieu.

Published
2023
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29. Sub-ms Data Recovery at 1,000-port Scale Optical Switch Developed with Customized Practical Devices

Author

Osamu Moriwaki, Kazushige Yonenaga, Satoshi Ide, Noboru Takachio, Hiroshi Onaka, and Kenya Suzuki

Abstract

We have successfully demonstrated a large optical switching system with short switching times. Our transient time optimized digital coherent DSP, wavelength tunable laser, and silica- based PLC switch are the key components of the system.

Published
2023
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30. From Dust to Nanodust: Resolving Circumstellar Dust from the Colliding-Wind Binary Wolf-Rayet (WR) 140

Author

Lau, Ryan M., Wang, Jason, Hankins, Matthew J., Currie, Thayne, Deo, Vincent, Endo, Izumi, Guyon, Olivier, Han, Yinuo, Jones, Anthony P., Jovanovic, Nemanja, Lozi, Julien, Moffat, Anthony F. J., Onaka, Takashi, Ruane, Garreth, Sander, Andreas A. C., Tinyanont, Samaporn, Tuthill, Peter G., Weigelt, Gerd, Williams, Peredur M., and Vievard, Sebastien

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

Wolf-Rayet (WR) 140 is the archetypal periodic dust-forming colliding-wind binary that hosts a carbon-rich WR (WC) star and an O-star companion with an orbital period of 7.93 years and an orbital eccentricity of 0.9. Throughout the past several decades, multiple dust-formation episodes from WR 140 have been observed that are linked to the binary orbit and occur near the time of periastron passage. Given its predictable dust-formation episodes, WR 140 presents an ideal astrophysical laboratory for investigating the formation and evolution of dust in the hostile environment around a massive binary system. In this paper, we present near- and mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopic and imaging observations of WR 140 with Subaru/SCExAO+CHARIS, Keck/NIRC2+PyWFS, and Subaru/COMICS taken between 2020 June and Sept that resolve the circumstellar dust emission linked to its most recent dust-formation episode in 2016 Dec. Our spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis of WR 140's resolved circumstellar dust emission reveals the presence of a hot ($T_\mathrm{d}\sim1000$ K) near-IR dust component that is co-spatial with the previously known and cooler ($T_\mathrm{d}\sim500$ K) mid-IR dust component composed of $300-500$ {\AA}-sized dust grains. We attribute the hot near-IR dust emission to the presence of nano-sized ("nanodust") grains and suggest they were formed from grain-grain collisions or the rotational disruption of the larger grain size population by radiative torques in the strong radiation field from the central binary. Lastly, we speculate on the astrophysical implications of nanodust formation around colliding-wind WC binaries, which may present an early source of carbonaceous nanodust in the interstellar medium., Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2023
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32. NMR characterization of streptogramin B and L‐156,587, a non‐synergistic pair of the streptogramin family antibiotic complexes produced inductively by a combined culture of <scp> Streptomyces albogriseolus </scp> and <scp> Tsukamurella pulmonis </scp>

Author

Shion Takemura, Hiroyasu Onaka, Yasuhiro Igarashi, and Naoya Oku

Subjects
Streptogramin A, Tsukamurella pulmonis, Streptogramin B, Chemistry, medicine.drug_class, Stereochemistry, Antibiotics, Streptogramin, General Chemistry, Carbon-13 NMR, medicine.disease_cause, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, General Materials Science, Streptomyces albogriseolus
Abstract

The complete 1 H and 13 C NMR characterization of streptogramin B (1), the major component of a clinically important synergistic antibiotic complex, was presented for the first time, along with those of L-156,587 (2), a dehydrated congener of streptogramin A (3). Compounds 1 and 2 were not synergistic and produced by Streptomyces albogriseolus in co-culture with Tsukamurella pulmonis, which poses a question on the adaptive significance of the induced production of this antibiotic pair.

Published
2021
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33. Hemodialysis Initiation in Oldest-Old Patients: A Case Series

Author

Haruhito Azuma, Haruhiko Onaka, Ryoichi Maenosono, Kazuki Nishimura, Kazumasa Komura, Hirofumi Uehara, Yuki Yoshikawa, and Tomohisa Matsunaga

Subjects
Gerontology, education.field_of_study, hemodialysis, end-stage renal disease, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, japan, Oldest old, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, End stage renal disease, oldest-old, Quality of life, Nephrology, medicine, Elderly people, Case Series, In patient, RC870-923, Hemodialysis, education, business, Dialysis
Abstract

With an increase in the number of older adults worldwide, the oldest-old population, defined as individuals over the age of 90, is also growing. Japan is now facing the problem of a “super-aged society” in which over 21% of the population is aged over 65. The oldest-old constituted 1.8% (2.31 million) of the Japanese population in 2019. Such individuals have special health-care needs. In cases of acute or chronic (or both) renal failure in the oldest-old, it becomes difficult to decide whether dialysis should be initiated. The issue is controversial, and there is some debate on whether dialysis should be avoided in elderly people because of their frailty or if it should be initiated to enable them to spend their remaining years with their families by improving their quality of life. Herein, we describe our experience in 4 cases of hemodialysis initiated in patients over the age of 90. In our experience, dialysis enabled them to spend the rest of their lives with their families, which could not have been possible without it. Although further studies are needed, we concluded that oldest-old individuals in good general health could be eligible for and benefit from hemodialysis.

Published
2021
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34. Regulation of multidrug efflux pumps by TetR family transcriptional repressor negatively affects secondary metabolism inStreptomyces coelicolorA3(2)

Author

Yukun Lei, Shumpei Asamizu, Takumi Ishizuka, and Hiroyasu Onaka

Abstract

Streptomycesspp. are well-known producers of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs) that serve as pharmaceutical agents. In addition to their ability to produce SMs,Streptomycesspp. have evolved diverse membrane transport systems to protect cells against antibiotics produced by itself or other microorganisms. We previously screened mutants ofStreptomyces coelicolorthat show a phenotype of reduced undecylprodigiosin (RED) production in a combined-culture withTsukamurella pulmonis. Here, we identified a point mutation, which reduced RED production, by performing genome resequencing and genetic complementation. We found that inactivation of thesco1718gene encoding the TetR family transcriptional regulator (TFR) produced a deficient phenotype for several SMs inStreptomyces coelicolorA3(2). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR experiments demonstrated that SCO1718 repressed the expression of adjacent two-component ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes (sco1719-20) by binding to the operator sequence in the 5′-UTR. Notably, the Δsco1718mutant showed increased resistance to several antibiotics of other actinomycete origin. In the genome ofS. coelicolorA3(2), two other sets of TFR and two-component ABC transporter genes (sco4358-4360andsco5384-5382) were found, which had similar effects on the phenotype for both secondary metabolism and antibiotic resistance. Our results imply the switching of cell metabolism to direct offence (antibiotic production) or defense (efflux pump activation) using costly and limited quantities of cell energy sources (e.g., ATP) in the soil ecosystem.IMPORTANCEThe bacterial metabolic potential to synthesize diverse secondary metabolites (SMs) in the environment has been revealed by recent (meta-)genomics of both unculturable and culturable bacteria. These studies imply that bacteria are continuously exposed to harmful chemical compounds in the environment.Streptomycesspp. contain antibiotic efflux pumps and SM biosynthetic gene clusters. However, the mechanism by which soil bacteria, includingStreptomyces, survive against toxic compounds in the environment remains unclear. Here, we identified three sets of TFR-ABC transporter genes inStreptomyces coelicolorA3(2). We found that each TFR controlled the expression of a respective ABC transporter, and the expression of all ABC transporters negatively impacted SM production and increased antibiotic resistance. Notably, bioinformatic analysis indicated that these TFR-ABC transporter gene sets are highly conserved and widely distributed in the genome ofStreptomycesspecies, indicating the importance of systematic regulation that directs antibiotic production and xenobiotic excretion.

Published
2022
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35. De Novo Discovery of Thiopeptide Pseudo-natural Products Acting as Potent and Selective TNIK Kinase Inhibitors

Author

Alexander A. Vinogradov, Yue Zhang, Keisuke Hamada, Jun Shi Chang, Chikako Okada, Hirotaka Nishimura, Naohiro Terasaka, Yuki Goto, Kazuhiro Ogata, Toru Sengoku, Hiroyasu Onaka, and Hiroaki Suga

Subjects
Biological Products, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Drug Discovery, General Chemistry, Peptides, Biochemistry, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Catalysis, Biosynthetic Pathways
Abstract

Bioengineering of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) is an emerging approach to explore the diversity of pseudo-natural product structures for drug discovery purposes. However, despite the initial advances in this area, bioactivity reprogramming of multienzyme RiPP biosynthetic pathways remains a major challenge. Here, we report a platform for de novo discovery of functional thiopeptides based on reengineered biosynthesis of lactazole A, a RiPP natural product assembled by five biosynthetic enzymes. The platform combines in vitro biosynthesis of lactazole-like thiopeptides and mRNA display to prepare and screen large (≥10

Published
2022

36. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and multiplex polymerase chain reaction test on outpatient antibiotic prescriptions for pediatric respiratory infection

Author

Daisuke Kitagawa, Taito Kitano, Madoka Furumori, Soma Suzuki, Yui Shintani, Hiroki Nishikawa, Rika Suzuki, Naohiro Yamamoto, Masayuki Onaka, Atsuko Nishiyama, Takehito Kasamatsu, Naoyuki Shiraishi, Yuki Suzuki, Akiyo Nakano, Ryuichi Nakano, Hisakazu Yano, Koichi Maeda, Sayaka Yoshida, and Fumihiko Nakamura

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on outpatient antibiotic prescriptions for pediatric respiratory infections at an acute care hospital in Japan in order to direct future pediatric outpatient antibiotic stewardship.The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and FilmArray Respiratory Panel (RP) on outpatient antibiotic prescriptions was assessed from January 2019 to December 2021 using an interrupted time series analysis of children The COVID-19 pandemic was not significantly related to the antibiotic prescription rate, suggesting that it did not impact physicians’ behavior toward antibiotic prescriptions. Replacing rapid antigen tests with the FilmArray RP introduced on December 1, 2020, did not affect the magnitude of the reduction in antibiotic prescription rate for pediatric respiratory infections.

Published
2022

37. The Diffraction-Limited Near-Infrared Spectropolarimeter (DL-NIRSP) of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST)

Author

Sarah A. Jaeggli, Haosheng Lin, Peter Onaka, Hubert Yamada, Tetsu Anan, Morgan Bonnet, Gregory Ching, Xiao-Pei Huang, Maxim Kramar, Helen McGregor, Garry Nitta, Craig Rae, Louis Robertson, Thomas A. Schad, Paul Toyama, Jessica Young, Chris Berst, David M. Harrington, Mary Liang, Myles Puentes, Predrag Sekulic, Brett Smith, and Stacey R. Sueoka

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract

TheDiffraction-Limited Near-Infrared Spectropolarimeter(DL-NIRSP) is one of the first-light instruments for the National Science Foundation’sDaniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope(DKIST). DL-NIRSP is an integral-field, dual-beam spectropolarimeter intended for studying magnetically sensitive spectral lines in the Sun’s photosphere, chromosphere, and corona with high spectral resolution and polarimetric accuracy. Two novel fiber-optic integral-field units (IFUs), paired with selectable feed optics and a field-scanning mirror provide great flexibility in spatial sampling ($0.03^{\prime\prime}$0.03″,$0.08^{\prime\prime}$0.08″, and$0.5^{\prime \prime}$0.5″) and field coverage ($2^{\prime} \times 2^{\prime }$2′×2′). The IFUs allow DL-NIRSP to record all the spectra from a 2D field of view simultaneously, enabling the instrument to study the evolution of highly dynamic events. The spectrograph is an all-reflecting, near-Littrow design, which achieves a resolving power of approximately 125,000. Multiple wavelengths can be observed simultaneously using three spectral arms: one for visible wavelengths (500 – 900 nm) and two for infrared wavelengths (900 – 1350 nm and 1350 – 1800 nm). Each supporting camera sub-system is capable of a 30-Hz frame rate, making it possible to track dynamic phenomena on the Sun.

Published
2022
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38. Stable Isotope-Guided Metabolomics Reveals Polar-Functionalized Fatty-Acylated RiPPs from

Author

Shumpei, Asamizu, Shinta, Ijichi, Shotaro, Hoshino, Hansaem, Jo, Hidenori, Takahashi, Yuko, Itoh, Sohkichi, Matsumoto, and Hiroyasu, Onaka

Subjects
Biological Products, Lysine, Antitubercular Agents, Sulfides, NAD, Arginine, Streptomyces, Phosphates, Isotopes, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Sulfoxides, Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide, Metabolomics, Peptides
Abstract

Ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) with polar-functionalized fatty acyl groups are a rarely found untapped class of natural products. Although polar-functionalized fatty-acylated RiPPs (PFARs) have potential as antimicrobial agents, the repertoire is still limited. Therefore, expanding the chemical space is expected to contribute to the development of pharmaceutical agents. In this study, we performed genome mining and stable isotope-guided comparative metabolomics to discover new PFAR natural products. We focused on the feature that PFARs incorporate l-arginine or l-lysine as the starter unit of the fatty acyl group and fed

Published
2022

39. Comparative Metabolomics Reveals a Bifunctional Antibacterial Conjugate from Combined-Culture of

Author

Shumpei, Asamizu, Abrory Agus Cahya, Pramana, Sung-Jin, Kawai, Yoshichika, Arakawa, and Hiroyasu, Onaka

Subjects
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Biological Products, Catechols, Siderophores, Adamantane, Streptomyces, meta-Aminobenzoates, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Enterobactin, Actinobacteria, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Aminobenzoates, Anilides, Cysteine
Abstract

To investigate the potential for secondary metabolite biosynthesis by

Published
2022

40. B-fields in Star-forming Region Observations (BISTRO): Magnetic Fields in the Filamentary Structures of Serpens Main

Author

Kwon, W, Pattle, K, Sadavoy, S, Hull, CLH, Johnstone, D, Ward-Thompson, D, Francesco, JD, Koch, PM, Furuya, R, Doi, Y, Le Gouellec, VJM, Hwang, J, Lyo, AR, Soam, A, Tang, X, Hoang, T, Kirchschlager, F, Eswaraiah, C, Fanciullo, L, Kim, KH, Onaka, T, Könyves, V, Kang, JH, Lee, CW, Tamura, M, Bastien, P, Hasegawa, T, Lai, SP, Qiu, K, Berry, D, Arzoumanian, D, Bourke, TL, Byun, DY, Chen, WP, Chen, HRV, Chen, M, Chen, Z, Ching, TC, Cho, J, Choi, Y, Choi, M, Chrysostomou, A, Chung, EJ, Coudé, S, Dai, S, Diep, PN, Duan, Y, Duan, HY, Eden, D, Fiege, J, Fissel, LM, Franzmann, E, Friberg, P, Friesen, R, Fuller, G, Gledhill, T, Graves, S, Greaves, J, Griffin, M, Gu, Q, Han, I, Hatchell, J, Hayashi, S, Houde, M, Inoue, T, Inutsuka, SI, Iwasaki, K, Jeong, IG, Kang, M, Karoly, J, Kataoka, A, Kawabata, K, Kemper, F, Kim, KT, Kim, G, Kim, MR, Kim, S, Kim, J, Kirk, J, Kobayashi, MIN, Kusune, T, Kwon, J, Lacaille, K, Law, CY, Lee, CF, Lee, YH, Lee, H, Lee, JE, Lee, SS, Li, D, Li, HB, Lin, SJ, Liu, SY, Liu, HL, Liu, J, Liu, T, Lu, X, Mairs, S, Matsumura, M, Kwon, W [0000-0003-4022-4132], Pattle, K [0000-0002-8557-3582], Sadavoy, S [0000-0001-7474-6874], Hull, CLH [0000-0002-8975-7573], Johnstone, D [0000-0002-6773-459X], Ward-Thompson, D [0000-0003-1140-2761], Francesco, JD [0000-0002-9289-2450], Koch, PM [0000-0003-2777-5861], Furuya, R [0000-0003-0646-8782], Doi, Y [0000-0001-8746-6548], Le Gouellec, VJM [0000-0002-5714-799X], Hwang, J [0000-0001-7866-2686], Lyo, AR [0000-0002-9907-8427], Soam, A [0000-0002-6386-2906], Tang, X [0000-0002-4154-4309], Hoang, T [0000-0003-2017-0982], Kirchschlager, F [0000-0002-3036-0184], Fanciullo, L [0000-0001-9930-9240], Kim, KH [0000-0001-9597-7196], Onaka, T [0000-0002-8234-6747], Könyves, V [0000-0002-3746-1498], Kang, JH [0000-0001-7379-6263], Tamura, M [0000-0002-6510-0681], Bastien, P [0000-0002-0794-3859], Lai, SP [0000-0001-5522-486X], Qiu, K [0000-0002-5093-5088], Arzoumanian, D [0000-0002-1959-7201], Bourke, TL [0000-0001-7491-0048], Byun, DY [0000-0003-1157-4109], Chen, WP [0000-0002-5519-0628], Chen, HRV [0000-0002-9774-1846], Chen, Z [0000-0003-0849-0692], Ching, TC [0000-0001-8516-2532], Cho, J [0000-0003-1725-4376], Chrysostomou, A [0000-0002-9583-8644], Chung, EJ [0000-0003-0014-1527], Coudé, S [0000-0002-0859-0805], Duan, HY [0000-0002-7022-4742], Eden, D [0000-0002-5881-3229], Fissel, LM [0000-0002-4666-609X], Franzmann, E [0000-0003-2142-0357], Friberg, P [0000-0002-8010-8454], Friesen, R [0000-0001-7594-8128], Fuller, G [0000-0001-8509-1818], Gledhill, T [0000-0002-2859-4600], Graves, S [0000-0001-9361-5781], Greaves, J [0000-0002-3133-413X], Gu, Q [0000-0002-2826-1902], Hatchell, J [0000-0002-4870-2760], Houde, M [0000-0003-4420-8674], Inoue, T [0000-0002-7935-8771], Inutsuka, SI [0000-0003-4366-6518], Iwasaki, K [0000-0002-2707-7548], Kang, M [0000-0002-5016-050X], Kataoka, A [0000-0003-4562-4119], Kawabata, K [0000-0001-6099-9539], Kemper, F [0000-0003-2743-8240], Kim, KT [0000-0003-2412-7092], Kim, G [0000-0003-2011-8172], Kim, MR [0000-0002-1408-7747], Kim, S [0000-0001-9333-5608], Kim, J [0000-0002-1229-0426], Kirk, J [0000-0002-4552-7477], Kobayashi, MIN [0000-0003-3990-1204], Kusune, T [0000-0002-9218-9319], Kwon, J [0000-0003-2815-7774], Lacaille, K [0000-0001-9870-5663], Law, CY [0000-0003-1964-970X], Lee, CF [0000-0002-3024-5864], Lee, YH [0000-0001-6047-701X], Lee, H [0000-0003-3465-3213], Lee, JE [0000-0003-3119-2087], Lee, SS [0000-0002-6269-594X], Li, D [0000-0003-3010-7661], Li, HB [0000-0003-2641-9240], Lin, SJ [0000-0002-6868-4483], Liu, SY [0000-0003-4603-7119], Liu, J [0000-0002-4774-2998], Lu, X [0000-0003-2619-9305], Mairs, S [0000-0002-6956-0730], Matsumura, M [0000-0002-6906-0103], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
5101 Astronomical Sciences, Interstellar Matter and the Local Universe, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We present 850 μm polarimetric observations toward the Serpens Main molecular cloud obtained using the POL-2 polarimeter on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as part of the B-fields In STar-forming Region Observations survey. These observations probe the magnetic field morphology of the Serpens Main molecular cloud on about 6000 au scales, which consists of cores and six filaments with different physical properties such as density and star formation activity. Using the histogram of relative orientation (HRO) technique, we find that magnetic fields are parallel to filaments in less-dense filamentary structures where N H 2 < 0.93 × 10 22 cm−2 (magnetic fields perpendicular to density gradients), while they are perpendicular to filaments (magnetic fields parallel to density gradients) in dense filamentary structures with star formation activity. Moreover, applying the HRO technique to denser core regions, we find that magnetic field orientations change to become perpendicular to density gradients again at N H 2 ≈ 4.6 × 10 22 cm−2. This can be interpreted as a signature of core formation. At N H 2 ≈ 16 × 10 22 cm−2, magnetic fields change back to being parallel to density gradients once again, which can be understood to be due to magnetic fields being dragged in by infalling material. In addition, we estimate the magnetic field strengths of the filaments (B POS = 60–300 μG)) using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method and discuss whether the filaments are gravitationally unstable based on magnetic field and turbulence energy densities.

Published
2022
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41. SEM/EBSD Analysis of Grain Refinement and Coarsening of Ultra-Fine-Grained Al during Simple Shear Deformation

Author

Susumu Onaka, Naoki Miyazawa, Tomohito Sakuragi, Nobuo Nakada, Ryosuke Matsutani, and Naoki Yamagishi

Subjects
Materials science, Deformation (mechanics), Mechanical Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Simple shear, Crystal, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science, Grain boundary, Crystallite, Severe plastic deformation, Dislocation, Composite material, Electron backscatter diffraction
Abstract

Although severe plastic deformation causes grain refinement of polycrystalline materials, saturation of grain refinement is known to be caused by simultaneous grain coarsening. In the present study, for ultra-fine-grained (UFG) pure Al prepared by equal-channel angular pressing, we studied the grain refinement and coarsening processes during large simple-shear deformation using scanning electron microscopy/electron backscatter diffraction. The changes of the crystal orientations in the grains as a function of position were analyzed using log angles as rotation angles around reference axes. This analysis enabled the evaluation of order of magnitude of the in-plane components of geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density tensors. Detailed changes in the crystal orientations during shear deformation were measured for identical regions in UFG Al, and the changes in the components of the GND density tensors were discussed. Our findings indicate that the grain refinement and coarsening can be explained by the appearance and disappearance of grain boundaries composed of dislocation walls, respectively.

Published
2021
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42. The COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Civil Registration of Births and Deaths and on Availability and Utility of Vital Events Data

Author

Irina Dincu, Raj Gautam Mitra, Doris Ma Fat, James Mwanza, Montasser Kamal, Anushka Mangharam, Fatima Marinho, Alvin Onaka, Maletela Tuoane-Nkhasi, Tanja Brøndsted Sejersen, Carla AbouZahr, Gloria Mathenge, William Muhwava, Emily Cercone, Lynn Sferrazza, Martin W Bratschi, Remy Mwamba, Anette Bayer Forsingdal, Olga Joos, Philip W Setel, Don de Savigny, and Jeffrey S. Montgomery

Subjects
Economic growth, 030505 public health, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), IT service continuity, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Business continuity, Agency (sociology), Pandemic, Death registration, Data system, 030212 general & internal medicine, Business, 0305 other medical science, Civil registration
Abstract

The complex and evolving picture of COVID-19–related mortality highlights the need for data to guide the response. Yet many countries are struggling to maintain their data systems, including the civil registration system, which is the foundation for detailed and continuously available mortality statistics. We conducted a search of country and development agency Web sites and partner and media reports describing disruptions to the civil registration of births and deaths associated with COVID-19 related restrictions. We found considerable intercountry variation and grouped countries according to the level of disruption to birth and particularly death registration. Only a minority of the 66 countries were able to maintain service continuity during the COVID-19 restrictions. In the majority, a combination of legal and operational challenges resulted in declines in birth and death registration. Few countries established business continuity plans or developed strategies to deal with the backlog when restrictions are lifted. Civil registration systems and the vital statistics they generate must be strengthened as essential services during health emergencies and as core components of the response to COVID-19.

Published
2021
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43. Varifocal optical lens using ultrasonic vibration and thixotropic gel

Author

Mami Matsukawa, Daiko Sakata, Takahiro Iwase, Daisuke Koyama, and Jessica Onaka

Subjects
Thixotropy, Materials science, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, business.industry, Deformation (meteorology), Piezoelectricity, law.invention, Lens (optics), Optics, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), law, Transmittance, Shear stress, Focal length, sense organs, Acoustic radiation force, business
Abstract

A variable focus optical lens using a thixotropic gel and ultrasonic vibration is discussed. The surface profile of the gel could be deformed via acoustic radiation force generated by ultrasound. A thixotropic gel in which the viscosity was changed by shear stress was employed as a transparent lens material. The thixotropic gel allowed the lens to maintain shape deformation in the absence of continuous ultrasound excitation. The lens had a simple structure with no mechanical moving parts and included an annular piezoelectric transducer, a glass disk, and the thixotropic gel film. The axisymmetric concentric flexural vibration mode was generated on the lens at 71 kHz, which resulted in static surface deformation of the gel via the acoustic radiation force. The preservation rate was investigated after switching off the ultrasonic excitation. There was a trade-off between the preservation rate of the lens deformation and the response time for focusing. The focal length could be controlled via the input voltage to the lens, and a variable-focus convex lens could be realized; the change in the focal length with 4.0 Vpp was 0.54 mm. The optical transmittance of the lens was measured and the transmittance ranged 70%–80% in the visible spectral region.

Published
2021
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44. JCMT BISTRO Observations: Magnetic Field Morphology of Bubbles Associated with NGC 6334

Author

Tahani, Mehrnoosh, Bastien, Pierre, Furuya, Ray S., Pattle, Kate, Johnstone, Doug, Arzoumanian, Doris, Doi, Yasuo, Hasegawa, Tetsuo, Inutsuka, Shu-Ichiro, Coudé, Simon, Fissel, Laura, Chen, Michael Chun-Yuan, Poidevin, Frédérick, Sadavoy, Sarah, Friesen, Rachel, Koch, Patrick M., Di Francesco, James, Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald H., Chen, Zhiwei, Chung, Eun Jung, Eswaraiah, Chakali, Fanciullo, Lapo, Gledhill, Tim, Le Gouellec, Valentin J. M., Hoang, Thiem, Hwang, Jihye, Kang, Ji-Hyun, Kim, Kyoung Hee, Kirchschlager, Florian, Kwon, Woojin, Lee, Chang Won, Liu, Hong-Li, Onaka, Takashi, Rawlings, Mark G., Soam, Archana, Tamura, Motohide, Tang, Xindi, Tomisaka, Kohji, Whitworth, Anthony P., Kwon, Jungmi, Hoang, Thuong D., Redman, Matt, Berry, David, Ching, Tao-Chung, Wang, Jia-Wei, Lai, Shih-Ping, Qiu, Keping, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Houde, Martin, Byun, Do-Young, Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien, Chen, Wen Ping, Cho, Jungyeon, Choi, Minho, Choi, Yunhee, Chrysostomou, Antonio, Diep, Pham Ngoc, Duan, Hao-Yuan, Fiege, Jason, Franzmann, Erica, Friberg, Per, Fuller, Gary, Graves, Sarah F., Greaves, Jane S., Griffin, Matt J., Gu, Qilao, Han, Ilseung, Hatchell, Jennifer, Hayashi, Saeko S., Hull, Charles L. H., Inoue, Tsuyoshi, Iwasaki, Kazunari, Jeong, Il-Gyo, Kanamori, Yoshihiro, Kang, Miju, Kang, Sung-Ju, Kataoka, Akimasa, Kawabata, Koji S., Kemper, Francisca, Kim, Gwanjeong, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Kee-Tae, Kim, Mi-Ryang, Kim, Shinyoung, Kirk, Jason M., Kobayashi, Masato I. N., Konyves, Vera, Kusune, Takayoshi, Lacaille, Kevin, Law, Chi-Yan, Lee, Chin-Fei, Lee, Hyeseung, Lee, Jeong-Eun, Lee, Sang-Sung, Lee, Yong-Hee, Li, Dalei, Li, Di, Li, Hua-Bai, Liu, Junhao, Liu, Sheng-Yuan, Liu, Tie, De Looze, Ilse, Lyo, A-Ran, Mairs, Steve, Matsumura, Masafumi, Matthews, Brenda C., Nagata, Tetsuya, Nakamura, Fumitaka, Nakanishi, Hiroyuki, Ohashi, Nagayoshi, Park, Geumsook, Parsons, Harriet, Peretto, Nicolas, Pyo, Tae-Soo, Qian, Lei, Rao, Ramprasad, Retter, Brendan, Richer, John, Rigby, Andrew, Saito, Hiro, Savini, Giorgio, Scaife, Anna M. M., Seta, Masumichi, Shimajiri, Yoshito, Shinnaga, Hiroko, Tang, Ya-Wen, Tsukamoto, Yusuke, Viti, Serena, Wang, Hongchi, Yen, Hsi-Wei, Yoo, Hyunju, Yuan, Jinghua, Yun, Hyeong-Sik, Zenko, Tetsuya, Zhang, Chuan-Peng, Zhang, Guoyin, Zhang, Yapeng, Zhou, Jianjun, Zhu, Lei, André, Philippe, Dowell, C. Darren, Eyres, Stewart P. S., Falle, Sam, Van Loo, Sven, Robitaille, Jean-François, Tahani, Mehrnoosh [0000-0001-8749-1436], Bastien, Pierre [0000-0002-0794-3859], Furuya, Ray S. [0000-0003-0646-8782], Pattle, Kate [0000-0002-8557-3582], Johnstone, Doug [0000-0002-6773-459X], Arzoumanian, Doris [0000-0002-1959-7201], Doi, Yasuo [0000-0001-8746-6548], Hasegawa, Tetsuo [0000-0003-1853-0184], Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro [0000-0003-4366-6518], Coudé, Simon [0000-0002-0859-0805], Fissel, Laura [0000-0002-0859-0805], Chen, Michael Chun-Yuan [0000-0003-4242-973X], Poidevin, Frédérick [0000-0002-5391-5568], Sadavoy, Sarah [0000-0001-7474-6874], Friesen, Rachel [0000-0001-7594-8128], Koch, Patrick M. [0000-0003-2777-5861], Di Francesco, James [0000-0002-9289-2450], Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald H. [0000-0002-0393-7822], Chen, Zhiwei [0000-0003-0849-0692], Chung, Eun Jung [0000-0003-0014-1527], Eswaraiah, Chakali [0000-0003-4761-6139], Fanciullo, Lapo [0000-0001-9930-9240], Gledhill, Tim [0000-0002-2859-4600], Le Gouellec, Valentin J. M. [0000-0002-5714-799X], Hoang, Thiem [0000-0003-2017-0982], Hwang, Jihye [0000-0001-7866-2686], Kang, Ji-hyun [0000-0001-7379-6263], Kim, Kyoung Hee [0000-0001-9597-7196], Kirchschlager, Florian [0000-0002-3036-0184], Kwon, Woojin [0000-0003-4022-4132], Lee, Chang Won [0000-0002-3179-6334], Liu, Hong-Li [0000-0003-3343-9645], Onaka, Takashi [0000-0002-8234-6747], Rawlings, Mark G. [0000-0002-6529-202X], Soam, Archana [0000-0002-6386-2906], Tamura, Motohide [0000-0002-6510-0681], Tang, Xindi [0000-0002-4154-4309], Tomisaka, Kohji [0000-0003-2726-0892], Kwon, Jungmi [0000-0003-2815-7774], Hoang, Thuong D. [0000-0002-3437-5228], Redman, Matt [0000-0002-1021-9343], Berry, David [0000-0001-6524-2447], Ching, Tao-Chung [0000-0001-8516-2532], Wang, Jia-Wei [0000-0002-6668-974X], Lai, Shih-Ping [0000-0001-5522-486X], Qiu, Keping [0000-0002-5093-5088], Ward-Thompson, Derek [0000-0003-1140-2761], Houde, Martin [0000-0003-4420-8674], Byun, Do-Young [0000-0003-1157-4109], Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien [0000-0002-9774-1846], Chen, Wen Ping [0000-0003-0262-272X], Cho, Jungyeon [0000-0003-1725-4376], Chrysostomou, Antonio [0000-0002-9583-8644], Diep, Pham Ngoc [0000-0002-2808-0888], Duan, Hao-Yuan [0000-0002-7022-4742], Franzmann, Erica [0000-0003-2142-0357], Friberg, Per [0000-0002-8010-8454], Fuller, Gary [0000-0001-8509-1818], Graves, Sarah F. [0000-0001-9361-5781], Greaves, Jane S. [0000-0002-3133-413X], Gu, Qilao [0000-0002-2826-1902], Hatchell, Jennifer [0000-0002-4870-2760], Hayashi, Saeko S. [0000-0001-5026-490X], Hull, Charles L. H. [0000-0002-8975-7573], Inoue, Tsuyoshi [0000-0002-7935-8771], Jeong, Il-Gyo [0000-0002-5492-6832], Kang, Miju [0000-0002-5016-050X], Kang, Sung-ju [0000-0002-5004-7216], Kataoka, Akimasa [0000-0003-4562-4119], Kawabata, Koji S. [0000-0001-6099-9539], Kemper, Francisca [0000-0003-2743-8240], Kim, Gwanjeong [0000-0003-2011-8172], Kim, Jongsoo [0000-0002-1229-0426], Kim, Kee-Tae [0000-0003-2412-7092], Kim, Mi-Ryang [0000-0002-1408-7747], Kim, Shinyoung [0000-0001-9333-5608], Kirk, Jason M. [0000-0002-4552-7477], Kobayashi, Masato I. N. [0000-0003-3990-1204], Konyves, Vera [0000-0002-3746-1498], Lacaille, Kevin [0000-0001-9870-5663], Law, Chi-Yan [0000-0003-1964-970X], Lee, Chin-Fei [0000-0002-3024-5864], Lee, Jeong-Eun [0000-0003-3119-2087], Lee, Sang-Sung [0000-0002-6269-594X], Lee, Yong-Hee [0000-0001-6047-701X], Li, Di [0000-0003-3010-7661], Li, Hua-bai [0000-0003-2641-9240], Liu, Junhao [0000-0002-4774-2998], Liu, Sheng-Yuan [0000-0003-4603-7119], Liu, Tie [0000-0002-5286-2564], Lyo, A-Ran [0000-0002-9907-8427], Mairs, Steve [0000-0002-6956-0730], Matsumura, Masafumi [0000-0002-6906-0103], Matthews, Brenda C. [0000-0003-3017-9577], Nagata, Tetsuya [0000-0001-9264-9015], Nakamura, Fumitaka [0000-0001-5431-2294], Ohashi, Nagayoshi [0000-0003-0998-5064], Park, Geumsook [0000-0001-8467-3736], Parsons, Harriet [0000-0002-6327-3423], Pyo, Tae-Soo [0000-0002-3273-0804], Qian, Lei [0000-0003-0597-0957], Rao, Ramprasad [0000-0002-1407-7944], Richer, John [0000-0002-9693-6860], Rigby, Andrew [0000-0002-3351-2200], Savini, Giorgio [0000-0003-4449-9416], Scaife, Anna M. M. [0000-0002-5364-2301], Shinnaga, Hiroko [0000-0001-9407-6775], Tang, Ya-Wen [0000-0002-0675-276X], Tsukamoto, Yusuke [0000-0001-6738-676X], Viti, Serena [0000-0001-8504-8844], Wang, Hongchi [0000-0003-0746-7968], Yen, Hsi-Wei [0000-0003-1412-893X], Yoo, Hyunju [0000-0002-8578-1728], Yuan, Jinghua [0000-0001-8060-3538], Yun, Hyeong-Sik [0000-0001-6842-1555], Zhang, Chuan-Peng [0000-0002-4428-3183], Zhang, Yapeng [0000-0002-5102-2096], Zhou, Jianjun [0000-0003-0356-818X], André, Philippe [0000-0002-3413-2293], Eyres, Stewart P. S. [0000-0002-6663-7675], Falle, Sam [0000-0002-9829-0426], van Loo, Sven [0000-0003-4746-8500], Robitaille, Jean-François [0000-0001-5079-8573], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Furuya, Ray S [0000-0003-0646-8782], Koch, Patrick M [0000-0003-2777-5861], Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald H [0000-0002-0393-7822], Le Gouellec, Valentin JM [0000-0002-5714-799X], Rawlings, Mark G [0000-0002-6529-202X], Hoang, Thuong D [0000-0002-3437-5228], Graves, Sarah F [0000-0001-9361-5781], Greaves, Jane S [0000-0002-3133-413X], Hayashi, Saeko S [0000-0001-5026-490X], Hull, Charles LH [0000-0002-8975-7573], Kawabata, Koji S [0000-0001-6099-9539], Kirk, Jason M [0000-0002-4552-7477], Kobayashi, Masato IN [0000-0003-3990-1204], Matthews, Brenda C [0000-0003-3017-9577], Scaife, Anna MM [0000-0002-5364-2301], and Eyres, Stewart PS [0000-0002-6663-7675]

Subjects
5101 Astronomical Sciences, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Interstellar Matter and the Local Universe, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

We study the HII regions associated with the NGC 6334 molecular cloud observed in the sub-millimeter and taken as part of the B-fields In STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) Survey. In particular, we investigate the polarization patterns and magnetic field morphologies associated with these HII regions. Through polarization pattern and pressure calculation analyses, several of these bubbles indicate that the gas and magnetic field lines have been pushed away from the bubble, toward an almost tangential (to the bubble) magnetic field morphology. In the densest part of NGC 6334, where the magnetic field morphology is similar to an hourglass, the polarization observations do not exhibit observable impact from HII regions. We detect two nested radial polarization patterns in a bubble to the south of NGC 6334 that correspond to the previously observed bipolar structure in this bubble. Finally, using the results of this study, we present steps (incorporating computer vision; circular Hough Transform) that can be used in future studies to identify bubbles that have physically impacted magnetic field lines., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)

Published
2023
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46. Transversal Diagnosis of the Panorama of Professional Education: A Case Study of the City of Itaporã – Mato Grosso do Sul

Author

Patricia Kubalaki Onaka, Cristina Paula Pereira, Patricia Coelho de Almeida, Sandra Martins de Brito Carvalho, Leandro Rachel Arguello, Maria Neide De Almeida, Antonio Carlos Dorsa, Luis Henrique Almeida Castro, and Nelma Lina Almeida Castro

Subjects
Panorama, Transversal (combinatorics), Professional development, Library science, General Medicine, Sociology
Abstract

This case study aims to identify the demand for professional education courses in the city of Itaporã, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the year 2020, offering a cross-cutting diagnosis of this educational panorama; for this purpose, the technique of guided interview in loco was implemented with the action coordinating agents designated by the municipal administration. All those involved were aware of their free and voluntary collaboration. During the entire collection phase, the information was recorded through a free association chart which, later revised, gave basis to the identification that in the disclosure phase there is no time to contact the possible students taking into account that, besides the districts, the municipality aggregates a vast rural region. In addition, the fact that the course is offered only at night, ends up discouraging the participation of some potential students who, despite showing interest, need to pay attention to their labor routines. It is concluded that a greater concern is needed to create a database of course graduates in order to establish a periodic sense capable of identifying professional life after the course, in addition to profiling the demand for skilled labor in order to detect which training is important at the moment.

Published
2021
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48. Development status of TAO/MIMIZUKU: performance test of the near-infrared channel

Author

Takafumi Kamizuka, Takashi Miyata, Shigeyuki Sako, Ryou Ohsawa, Kentaro Asano, Atsushi Nishimura, Kengo Tachibana, Tsubasa Michifuji, Hirokazu Iida, Akira C. Naruse, Mizuho Uchiyama, Itsuki Sakon, Takashi Onaka, Hirokazu Kataza, Sunao Hasegawa, Fumihiko Usui, Naruhisa Takato, Noboru Ebizuka, Takuya Hosobata, Tsutomu Aoki, Mamoru Doi, Fumi Egusa, Bunyo Hatsukade, Natsuko Kato, Kotaro Kohno, Masahiro Konishi, Shintaro Koshida, Shuhei Koyama, Takeo Minezaki, Tomoki Morokuma, Kentaro Motohara, Mizuki Numata, Hiroaki Sameshima, Hidenori Takahashi, Yoichi Tamura, Toshihiko Tanabe, Masuo Tanaka, Kosuke Kushibiki, Nuo Chen, Shogo Homan, and Yuzuru Yoshii

Published
2022
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50. Functional Reconstruction of Denervated Muscle by Xenotransplantation of Neural Cells from Porcine to Rat

Author

Sota Saeki, Katsuhiro Tokutake, Masaki Takasu, Shigeru Kurimoto, Yuta Asami, Keiko Onaka, Masaomi Saeki, and Hitoshi Hirata

Subjects
Swine, Muscles, Organic Chemistry, Transplantation, Heterologous, General Medicine, xenotransplantation, neural stem cell, regenerated axons, functional recovery, muscle atrophy, electrical stimulation, Catalysis, Muscle Denervation, Computer Science Applications, Nerve Regeneration, Rats, Inorganic Chemistry, Muscular Atrophy, Animals, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Muscle, Skeletal, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy
Abstract

Neural cell transplantation targeting peripheral nerves is a potential treatment regime for denervated muscle atrophy. This study aimed to develop a new therapeutic technique for intractable muscle atrophy by the xenotransplantation of neural stem cells derived from pig fetuses into peripheral nerves. In this study, we created a denervation model using neurotomy in nude rats and transplanted pig-fetus-derived neural stem cells into the cut nerve stump. Three months after transplantation, the survival of neural cells, the number and area of regenerated axons, and the degree of functional recovery by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves were compared among the gestational ages (E 22, E 27, E 45) of the pigs. Transplanted neural cells were engrafted at all ages. Functional recovery by electric stimulation was observed at age E 22 and E 27. This study shows that the xenotransplantation of fetal porcine neural stem cells can restore denervated muscle function. When combined with medical engineering, this technology can help in developing a new therapy for paralysis.

Published
2022

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