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This paper aims to draft an overview of what being a midwife in Byzantium meant, according to the literary sources. Midwife in Byzantium appears to be a rather complex and elusive figure to study. This is due to both the scarce references in the sources and the vague definition of midwifery itself in the ancient world. The main fields of activity of Byzantine midwives were three: medical, religious and care. As a first attempt of studying Byzantine midwife all-round, this paper ends by suggesting further research perspectives in order to get a clearer and more complete understanding of such figure., El presente artículo se propone trazar un cuadro general sobre el significado de la figura de la nodriza en Bizancio, en base a las fuentes literarias. La nodriza en Bizancio resulta ser una figura enigmática y difícil de estudiar, principalmente debido a las escasas referencias que se encuentran en las fuentes, pero también a la vaga definición de sus funciones en el mundo antiguo. Los principales campos de acción de las nodrizas bizantinas eran tres: médico, religioso y de cuidado. Tratándose de un primer acercamiento al estudio de la nodriza bizantina en sus múltiples aspectos, este artículo se concluye proponiendo posibles puntos de vista investigativos que posibiliten una comprensión más clara y completa de dicha figura.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore healthcare managers' perceptions about older nurses' and midwives' and their contribution to the workplace. Design: A qualitative descriptive methodology. Method: Twenty healthcare managers working in Australia participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were collected between April 2019 and April 2021. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and then analysed using thematic analysis. Results: All healthcare managers said older nurses and midwives contributed to the workplace through their experience and knowledge. Managers viewed them as a different type of worker and while there were some positive aspects to this, it was mostly negative. Although managers identified a broad age range for the older nurses or midwives, there was a common perception that if they were no longer able to perform their duties, they should leave the workforce. Conclusion: Healthcare managers' perceptions towards older nurses and midwives are mostly negative, and their understanding of older workers' contribution is contradictory and poor. These negative views co-exist with the lack of agreement on who is the older worker, which explain the reluctance of healthcare organizations to invest in their older workforce. Future research is needed to better understand the unique contribution of older nurses and midwives in healthcare and how they can be supported at work. Impact: The global ageing population will result in a rise in complex age-related health issues and will require an experienced and knowledgeable workforce. Given the greater experience of older nurses and midwives they are an important part of the health workforce. Yet managers' perception of the contribution by older nurses and midwives were often negative. The findings of this study highlight the need for organizational change so that the contribution of older nurses and midwives is recognized and supported by managers. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Introduction: Women have psychosocial challenges but perinatal interventions are not making much impact on their mental status hence the interventions need scaling up. This study involved measuring and analysing the extent to which levels of the psychosocial markers reflect effectiveness of the mental health interventions offered by midwives. Methods: The study was conducted at Mpilo Central Hospital Maternity Bulawayo, for the main reason that it receives women referrals from 5 out of the 10 provinces in the country with a total catchment of almost 50% of the country’s population. The maternity hospital has a full complement of all the five maternity units. A quantitative approach administrating a Quality-of-Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Short form (Q-LES-SF) scale was used. The scale ranged from “very poor” to “very good” with “poor”, “fair”, “good” components in between was used to measure the psychosocial scores on a purposive sample of 300 women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The participants had attended at least three antenatal reviews where psychosocial interventions and mental health assessment, monitoring and evaluations are normally carried. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics on SPSS Version 23 package. Results: The Q-LES-Q-SF psychosocial scale which was revealed that women had psychosocial challenges without adequate mental health interventions to ameliorate these challenges. The study demonstrated a bimodal sample with peaks at the “Good” and “Poor” set points. The relationships of the psychosocial and satisfaction scores along the scale continuum showed that “Poor” (33%) Q-LES-Q-SF was higher, followed by “Good” (29%), followed by “Fair” (25%), followed by “Very Poor” and “Very Poor” and “Very Good” being equal (6.5%) in a normal distribution pattern. The likelihood of the demographic variables influencing the Q-LES-Q-F scale were not necessarily linked to the quality-of-life enjoyment and satisfaction of the expectant women during prenatal period. However, age, education level acquired and marital status showed a linearity towards the “Good” when individually rated against the Q-LES-Q-F. Discussion: The psychosocial scores were generally both poor and good indicating that perinatal interventions are needed are needed to making much impact on the mental and social wellbeing of women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The good to very good Q-LES-Q-F scores are a requirement in expectant mothers as this has a strong bearing on the wellbeing of the foetus and mother post parturition. Apparently, the need for scaling up psychosocial support, monitoring, evaluation and interventions to third trimester pregnant women by midwives cannot be overemphasized.

Introduction:: The use of non-pharmacological pain relief methods and pain assessment scales during labor has received limited research attention. This study aimed to describe women’s perceptions of the pain assessment and non-pharmacological pain relief methods used during labor. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted. A convenience sample of women (n=204) from one Finnish maternity ward participated in the study. Women who had given birth were asked to respond to a validated questionnaire between November 2018 and February 2019. The statistical significance of observed differences was analyzed using the chi-squared test. Results: Less than half (46%) of the women who gave birth at the hospital were asked to assess the intensity of their pain on a pain assessment scale. The most commonly used non-pharmacological pain relief methods were encouragement (92%), the presence of a midwife (82%), and proper breathing technique that was taught by a midwife (81%). Aqua blisters (3%), reflexology (e.g. zone magnets, 5%), and music (9%) were the least commonly used non-pharmacological methods during labor. The participants’ experiences of fear and pain were significantly associated with the implementation of pain assessment. Conclusions: Women’s pain was rarely evaluated by using a certain pain assessment scale. In addition, non-pharmacological pain relief methods were inadequately used during labor. More specifically, methods that required midwives’ own personal contributions were rarely offered to the women.

Background: Childbirth is a unique experience ina woman’s life and always remains indelibly engraved in her memory. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure appropriate conditions to have a positive birth experience. Thus, guidelines and protocols have been developed by major international organizations that aim to promote normal labor and better care for the mother and fetus without unnecessary interventions. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the international guidelines and protocols are observed in Greek maternity hospitals. Methods: The study involved 124 male and female students from the three departments of Midwifery: University of West Attica, International Hellenic University and University Western Macedonia, which completed an equal number of self-report questionnaires with their socio-demographic data and were then asked to answer questions posed by instructions for normal childbirth. Results: It was observed that many of the guidelines are not followed, such as grooming and enema, prohibition of feeding and fluid intake, application of pressure on the bottom of the uterus, frequent vaginal examination, prohibition in the presence of sessions, continuous cardiotocographic follow-up in low-risk pregnancies, termination of delivery only in a supine gynecological position, routine perineotomy and immediate ligation of the umbilical cord. Conclusions: The purpose of the guidelines is to maintain the natural course of childbirth by avoiding a series of unnecessary acts that alter the naturalness and undermine the rights of women in childbirth.

Refereed/Peer-reviewed Background: Midwives are the largest workforce involved in caring for pregnant women and their babies, and are well placed to translate research into practice and ensure midwifery priorities are appropriately targeted in researched. Currently, the number and focus of randomised controlled trials led by midwives in Australia and New Zealand is unknown.The Australasian Nursing and Midwifery Clinical Trials Network was established in 2020 to build nursing and midwifery research capacity. To aid this, scoping reviews of the quality and quantity of nurse and midwife led trials were undertaken. Aim: To identify midwife led trials conducted between 2000 and 2021 in Australia and New Zealand. Methods: This review was informed by the JBI scoping review framework. Medline, Emcare, and Scopus were searched from 2000-August 2021. ANZCTR, NHMRC, MRFF, and HRC (NZ) registries were searched from inception to July 2021. Findings: Of 26,467 randomised controlled trials registered on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, 50 midwife led trials, and 35 peer-reviewed publications were identified. Publications were of moderate to high quality with scores limited due to an inability to blind participants or clinicians. Blinding of assessors was included in 19 published trials. Discussion: Additional support for midwives to design and conduct trials and publish findings is required. Further support is needed to translate registration of trial protocols into peer reviewed publications. Conclusion: These findings will inform the Australasian Nursing and Midwifery Clinical Trials Network plans to promote quality midwife led trials.

Vecmāte Veselības aprūpe Midwifery Health Care Darba mērķis: Pētīt vecmāšu viedokli par jēdzienu normālas dzemdības un viņu pieredzi to aizsardzībā stacionārā, saistībā ar stacionāra dzemdību aprūpes protokoliem. Pētījuma jautājums: Kāds ir vecmāšu viedoklis par jēdzienu normālas dzemdības un pieredze to aizsardzībā stacionārā, saistībā ar stacionāra dzemdību aprūpes protokoliem? Vairumā publikāciju jēdziens “normālas dzemdības” ir definēts, ka tās ir dzemdības, kurās nenotiek nekādas medicīniskas manipulācijas, vai tās ir minimālas (Ely et al., 2020). Neskatoties uz to, ka pierādījumi liecina par normālo dzemdību pozitīvo ietekmi uz māti un jaundzimušo, pēdējo 20 gadu laikā normālu dzemdību skaits ir samazinājies (Butler, 2017).Dzemdību stacionāros esošā kultūra ierobežo vecmāšu spēju praktizēt autonomi un atbalstīt sievietes normālās dzemdībās. Pētījumos vecmātes, kuras strādā dzemdību stacionāros, atzinušas, ka laika spiediens mēdz pamudināt agrīni iejaukties dzemdību procesā, veicot dažādas medicīniskas manipulācijas, kā arī dzemdību stacionāros esošās riska pārvaldības stratēģijas ietekmē vecmāšu spēju atbalstīt normālas dzemdības (Zinsser et al., 2016). Kvalitatīva pētījuma metode. Pētījumā piedalījās 9 dalībnieki. Dati tika ievākti, veicot daļēji strukturētas intervijas. Dati tika analizēti, izmantojot kvalitatīvo kontentanalīzi, izdalītas tēmas un apakštēmas, veidojot kopsavilkumu. Galvenie pētījuma rezultāti un secinājumi: Pēc dalībnieku sniegtajiem datiem var secināt, ka vecmātes definē normālas dzemdības kā dabiski sākušās dzemdības, kas sākušās laikā no 37 grūtniecības nedēļas līdz 42 grūtniecības nedēļai, bez nepamatotu medicīnisku manipulāciju veikšanas. Vecmātes uzskata, ka, lai dzemdības kvalificētu kā normālas, liela nozīme ir jaundzimušā labsajūtai un veselības stāvoklim pēc dzemdībām. Pie medicīniskām manipulācijām, kuras tiek uzskatītas par normālu dzemdību sastāvdaļu, ir amniotomija, epiziotomija, dzemdību darbības stimulēšana ar oksitocīnu, kā arī farmakoloģiskās sāpju mazināšanas metodes, kā epidurālā analgēzija un opioīdi. I un II pakāpes starpenes plīsumus vecmātes atzīst par normālu dzemdību sastāvdaļu. Vecmātēm praksē ir svarīgi nodrošināt normālu dzemdību norisi, viņas to veic, nodrošinot cieņpilnu attieksmi, pilnvērtīgu un efektīvu komunikāciju un veicot individuālu aprūpi. Pētījuma rezultāti liecina, ka dzemdību aprūpes protokoli un vadlīnijas negatīvi ietekmē dzemdību procesa norisi, kaut gan protokoli un vadlīnijas palīdz pilnvērtīgi izvērtēt dzemdību norisi un palīdz savlaicīgi atklāt novirzi no normas, tie arī palielina medicīnisku manipulāciju veikšanas nepieciešamību dzemdībās. Bakalaura darbs sastāv no 39 lappusēm un 4 pielikumiem, darbā izmantoti 35 informācijas avoti, ir 5 nodaļas, secinājumi un priekšlikumi. Aim of the paper: To study midwives’ opinions about the concept of normal childbirth and their experience in defense of it in the hospital, in relation with the labour care protocols of hospital. Research question - What is the opinion of midwives about the concept of normal childbirth and their experience in defense of it in the hospital, in connection with the labour care protocols of hospital childbirth care? In most publications, the concept of “normal birth” is defined as birth with minimal or no medical intervention (Ely et al., 2020). Despite evidence showing the positive effects of normal birth on mother and newborn, the number of normal births has declined over the past 20 years (Butler, 2017). The culture of maternity units limits the midwives' ability to practice autonomously and support women in normal births. In research, hospital-based midwives have acknowledged that time pressures tend to encourage early intervention in the birth process, and risk management strategies in hospitals affect midwives' ability to support normal births (Zinsser et al., 2016). Qualitative research method. 9 participants participated in the study. Data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews, themes and sub-themes were distinguished, and summaries were created. Main results and conclusions of the research: According to the data provided by the participants, it can be concluded that midwives define a normal birth as a birth that began naturally between 37 weeks of pregnancy and 42 weeks of pregnancy, without performing unreasonable medical manipulations. Midwives believe that in order to qualify the birth as normal, the well-being and health status of the newborn after birth is of great importance. Medical manipulations that are considered part of a normal birth include amniotomy, episiotomy, stimulation of labour with oxytocin, as well as pharmacological pain relief methods such as epidural analgesia and opioids. Grade I and II perineal tears are recognized by midwives as part of a normal birth. In practice, it is important for midwives to ensure a normal course of childbirth, they do this by ensuring a respectful attitude, full and effective communication and providing individual care. The results of the study show that birth care protocols and guidelines have a negative impact on the delivery process, although protocols and guidelines help to fully assess the delivery process and help detect deviations from the norm in time, they also increase the need for medical manipulations during delivery. The bachelor's thesis consists of 39 pages and 4 appendices, the work uses 35 sources of information, contains 5 chapters, conclusions, and proposals.

Background: Coronavirus has placed a lot of strain on the healthcare system. As a result, major changes have occurred in the way healthcare is delivered, including pregnancy care delivery. Within the Irish healthcare system, the response to the COVID-19 pandemic has demanded frequent and ongoing adjustments to mid-wifery practice and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) and its usage have come under serious scrutiny during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: To explore midwives experiences of utilising PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study utilising a purposive sampling of 10 midwives who participated in in-depth semi-structured interviews, highlighting their experiences of utilising PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data obtained was analysed using the Braun and Clarkes framework and reported in line with the consolidated criteria for qualitative research reporting (COREQ). Results: Analysed data resulted in five themes, eight subthemes and 18 codes. The themes identified represent the participants experiences and highlight the; importance of effective communication, fear and anxiety of contracting and spreading the virus, value of peer support as a coping strategy, impact of lack of resources in the midwifery practice, and education and training effectiveness. Conclusion: The introduced strict mandatory infection prevention and control measures, predominantly the wearing of PPE, took effect with concurrent increased stress and anxiety, while caring for pregnant women

Vecmāte Veselības aprūpe Midwifery Health Care Anotācija Darba nosaukums: Vecmāšu pieredze saistībā ar savstarpējo komunikāciju starp vecmāti un ārstu. Ievads: Lai arī vecmātēm lielāko daļu laika ir jāstrādā autonomi, koncentrējoties uz pozitīviem aprūpes rezultātiem, dzemdību laikā komplikāciju gadījumā viņām jākonsultējas ar ārstu, kas novestu pie kopīga lēmuma pieņemšanas, tādējādi panākot drošu aprūpi. Saskarsmei starp šīm profesionālajām grupām ir nepieciešama liela apņemšanās attiecībā uz laika ziņā kritisku un precīzu informācijas apmaiņu (Schmiedhofer et al, 2021). Ārstu dominēšana, kā arī konflikti par profesionālajām robežām un darbības jomām praksē, šķiet, ir veicinājusi tieši pretējo efektīvai sadarbībai. Tādi trūkumi kā kopīgas aprūpes standarti un neuzticēšanās negatīvi ietekmē pacienta aprūpi un savstarpējo sadarbību. Abām profesijām varētu šķist loģiski nodrošināt uz pacientu orientētu aprūpi, daloties mērķos un vīzijās, un dokumentācijā, praktizējot tajā pašā profesionālajā kopienā un tiekšanos pēc patiesas starp-profesionālas sadarbības (Van der Lee et al, 2014). Vecmātes pauž bažas, ka daži dzemdību speciālisti, ar kuriem jāsadarbojas, nesaprot vai nenovērtē viņu prakses apjomu vai unikālās zināšanas, un daudzas vecmātes to uztver kā necieņas izrādīšanu. Ir pierādīts, ka efektīva sadarbība starp vecmātēm un ārstiem dzemdību nodaļās, uzlabo dzemdību rezultātus un aprūpes kvalitāti (Adeyemo et al, 2022). Pētījuma jautājums: Kāda ir vecmāšu pieredze saistībā ar savstarpējo komunikāciju starp vecmāti un ārstu, strādājot dzemdību aprūpē? Darba mērķis: Pētīt, kāda ir vecmāšu pieredze saistībā ar savstarpējo komunikāciju starp vecmāti un ārstu, strādājot dzemdību aprūpē. Metode un instruments: Kvalitatīvs pētījuma dizains, fenomenoloģija. Instruments, kuru izmanto pētījumā ir darba autores izveidoti četrpadsmit daļēji strukturētas intervijas jautājumi, kas veidoti balstoties uz teorijām par savstarpējo komunikāciju starp vecmāti un ārstu sniedzot dzemdību palīdzību. Kopumā pētījumā piedalījās desmit respondenti. Pētījuma formālais raksturojums: 42 lpp, 2 tabulas, 1 attēls, 26 literatūras avoti, 3 pielikumi. Rezultāti: Interviju atbildes tika sadalītas 30 kategorijās, 20 apakštēmās un 8 tēmās. Tika atklātas sekojošas vienotas tēmas: dažādi komunikāciju veidi, īpatnības starp vecmāti un ārstu strādājot dzemdību aprūpē; komunikāciju ietekmējoši faktori starp vecmāti un ārstu; savstarpējā komunikācija saistībā ar ordināciju un informācijas nodošanu; ieklausīšanās vecmātes profesionālajā viedoklī; cieņpilnas un efektīvas savstarpējās komunikācijas nodrošināšana sniedzot dzemdību palīdzību; komunikācija saistība ar darba organizāciju un intensivitāti; komunikāciju nesaskaņu risināšana; komunikācija starp ārstu un vecmāti. Secinājumi: Vairākums vecmāšu, strādājot dzemdību aprūpē ir piedzīvojušas komunikācijas epizodes, kur ir nācies saskarties ar necienīgu, aizskarošu attieksmi no ārsta puses. Vecmāšu pieredzē, komunikāciju ietekmējoši faktori ir: augsti stresa apstākļi darba vidē Abstract Title: Experience of midwives in intercommunication between midwife and doctor. Introduction: Although midwives must work autonomously most of the time, focusing on positive outcomes, in case of complications during childbirth, they should consult with the doctor, which would lead to a shared decision, thus achieving safe care. Communication between these professional groups requires a high commitment to time-critical and accurate information sharing (Schmiedhofer et al, 2021). The dominance of physicians, as well as disputes over professional boundaries and scopes of practice, seem to have fostered the exact opposite of good collaboration. Deficiencies such as shared standards of care and mistrust negatively impact patient care and interpersonal collaboration. It would seem logical for both professions to provide patient-centered care by sharing goals and visions and documentation, practicing in the same professional community, and striving for true interprofessional collaboration (Van der Lee et al, 2014). Midwives express concern that some of the obstetricians they work with do not understand or appreciate their scope of practice or unique expertise, and many midwives see this as disrespect. Effective collaboration between midwives and doctors in maternity wards has been shown to improve delivery outcomes and quality of care (Adeyemo et al, 2022). Research question: What is the experience of midwives in relation to mutual communication between midwife and doctor working in maternity care? The aim of the work: To study the midwives' experience in relation to mutual communication between the midwife and the doctor while working in maternity care. Methods and tools: Qualitative research design, phenomenology. The tool used in the study is fourteen semi-structured interview questions created by the author, based on theories. In total, ten respondents participated in the study. Formal description of the study: 42 pages, 2 tables, 1 image, 26 used sources, 3 appendices. Results: The interview responses were divided into 30 categories, 20 subthemes and 8 themes. The following common themes were discovered: different types of communication, peculiarities between a midwife and a doctor when working in maternity care; factors affecting communication between midwife and doctor; mutual communication related to ordination and transfer of information; taking into account the midwife's professional opinion; ensuring respectful and effective mutual communication when providing birth assistance; communication related to work organization and intensity; resolving communication conflicts; communication between doctor and midwife. Findings of the study: The majority of midwives, while working in maternity care, have experienced episodes of communication where they had to face disrespectful, offensive behavior from the doctor. In the experience of midwives, factors affecting communication are: high stress conditions in the work environment

This cross-sectional study was conducted during the period between 08 and 28 December 2020 to investigate the association of nurses' and midwives' level of vaccination knowledge and the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance for themselves during the COVID-19 pandemic era in Cyprus. Participants included registered nurses and midwives working in public or private service provision. Data collection was achieved using a self-administered questionnaire with questions on socio-demographic characteristics, questions assessing participants' general vaccination knowledge, and questions related to COVID-19 vaccination. A total of 437 responders answered the survey, with 93% being nurses and 7% midwives. The results indicate that as the vaccination knowledge score increases (higher knowledge) the probability of accepting the COVID-19 vaccination increases too (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.13-1.48). The association between vaccination knowledge and the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 remained statistically significant, even after adjusting for age and gender (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.12-1.47), socioeconomic (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12-1.48), and demographic characteristics (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.49). Also, as age increases, the probability of accepting the COVID-19 vaccination increases, while female respondents had a lower probability of accepting the COVID-19 vaccination than male respondents. This study demonstrated that COVID-19 vaccination acceptance is related to the vaccination knowledge of the nurses and midwives in Cyprus. Targeted vaccination campaigns are needed to improve nurses' and midwives' level of vaccination knowledge in order to achieve a better coverage among them, as well as to influence their patients' ultimate positive vaccine decision.

Úvod: Článek se zaměřuje na význam péče porodní asistentky u žen v šestinedělí v prevenci poporodní deprese. Tato péče je převážně preventivní a velké místo zaujímá edukace. Správnou edukací a využíváním preventivních strategií se dokáží minimalizovat či včas rozpoznat mnohé komplikace či problémy jako je například poporodní deprese. Metodika: Metodou výzkumu byl kontrolovaný ošetřovatelský experiment. Podstatou bylo porovnání dvou rozdílných skupin a zjištění, do jaké míry se péče porodní asistentky podílí na prevenci vzniku poporodní deprese. Experimentální skupinu tvořilo 100 žen s péčí porodní asistentky v šestinedělí, kde proběhly tři návštěvy v období šestinedělí, při kterých byla na zhodnocení psychického stavu použita Edinburghská škála poporodní deprese EPDS. Kontrolní skupinu tvořilo 100 žen bez péče porodní asistentky v šestinedělí. Těmto ženám byl na konci šestinedělí zaslán dotazník společně se škálou EPDS. Výsledky: Byla zjištěna statisticky významná souvislost mezi rizikem poporodní deprese a problémy s péčí o novorozence (p=0,016). Také byl zjištěn statisticky významný rozdíl ve výskytu problémů s péčí o novorozence dle přítomnosti porodní asistentky (p =0.005) a péčí porodní asistentky v oblasti kojení (p=0,049). Rozložení výsledků škály EPDS se statisticky významně nelišilo (p = 0,775) v závislosti na péči porodní asistentky. Závěr: Výsledky ukázaly, že péče porodní asistentky vede k prevenci zdravotních komplikací u žen v šestinedělí. Péčí porodní asistentky nedochází k častější identifikaci poporodní deprese, ale můžeme říci, že dochází k časnějšímu rozpoznání příznaků a zahájení léčby. Porodní asistentka také dokáže svojí péčí snížit predispozice ke vzniku poporodní deprese. U žen, které porodní asistentka navštěvovala, se v menší míře ukázaly problémy s kojením či s péčí o novorozence, což patří mezi prediktory rizika vzniku poporodní deprese. Introduction: The article focuses on the importance of midwife care for women in the puerperium period for the prevention of postpartum depression. This care is mostly preventive; therefore, education occupies an important place. Using appropriate education and preventive strategies, many complications or problems, such as postpartum depression, can be minimized or recognized in time. Methodology: The research method was a controlled nursing experiment. The essence was to compare two different groups and find out to what extent the care of a midwife contributes to the prevention of postpartum depression. The experimental group consisted of 100 women with the care of a midwife in the puerperium period, where three visits took place during the puerperium period, throughout which the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale EPDS was used to assess mental health. The control group consisted of 100 women without the care of a midwife in the puerperium period. A questionnaire was sent to these women at the end of the sixth week, along with an EPDS scale. Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between the risk of postpartum depression and problems with neonatal care (p = 0.016). There was also a statistically significant difference in the incidence of problems with newborn care according to the presence of a midwife (p = 0.005) and midwifery care in the area of breastfeeding (p = 0.049). The distribution of the results of the EPDS scale did not differ statistically significantly (p = 0.775) depending on the care of a midwife. Conclusion: The results showed that the care of a midwife leads to the prevention of health complications in women in the puerperium period. The care of a midwife does not lead to the identification of postpartum depression more often, but symptoms are recognized earlier, and treatment is started. A midwife's care can also reduce the predisposition to postpartum depression. Women attended to by a midwife showed fewer problems with breastfeeding or newborn care, which are two of the predictors of postpartum depression risks.

To identify what is known about physiological birth and related concepts, and how perceptions of physiological birth present in current practice

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, transkültürel bakım dersi alan ve almayan öğrencilerin zorunlu göçle gelen bireylere yönelik düşüncelerindeki değişimin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırma, eğitim müdahale çalışmasıdır. Transkültürel bakım dersi kapsamında transkültürel sağlık kavramları, kültürlerarası ebelik kavramı ve ebelik eğitiminde transkültürel yaklaşımlar, etik karar verme ve transkültürel değerler gibi konular öğrenciye verilmektedir. Online olarak haftada 2 saat, dönem boyunca toplamda 14 hafta bu ders aktarımı yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan “Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu ve Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilim Ölçeği” kullanılarak Google form aracılığı ile toplanılmıştır. Verilerin tanımlayıcı analizleri Kolmogorov Smirnov, ortalama ± standart sapma, Mann-Whitney U testi ile yapılmış, anlamlılık düzeyi p, Aim: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the change in the thoughts of the students who took and did not take transcultural care course towards the individuals who came with forced migration.Method: The research is an education intervention study. Within the scope of transcultural care course, subjects such as transcultural health concepts, intercultural midwifery concept and transcultural approaches in midwifery education, ethical decision making and transcultural values are given to the student. This course was transferred online for 2 hours a week, 14 weeks in total during the semester. The data of the study were collected through the Google form using the "Sociodemographic Information Form and Critical Thinking Tendency Scale" created by the researchers. Descriptive analyzes of the data were made with Kolmogorov Smirnov, mean ± standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, and the level of significance was accepted as p

Attachment, which begins in the prenatal period, is an important determinant for maternal and fetal/infant health. The mother, who is attached to her baby with love, contributes positively to the healthy growth and development of the baby. This study aimed to determine maternal-fetal attachment levels in the prenatal period and the factors affecting it. The study, which used a cross-sectional design, was conducted on women with pregnancy presenting to the obstetrics outpatient clinic of a state hospital. The study consisted of a total of 170 women with pregnancy who presented to the outpatient clinic for general control. The study data were collected face-to-face using a questionnaire and the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI). The findings also indicated that the mean age of women with pregnancy was 27.26±5.62 (years), the mean current gestational week was 33.48±3.12 (week), and the mean PAI score was 65.54±10.40. A statistically significant relationship was determined between the mean PAI scores of the women with pregnancy and their income level, employment status, sex of baby, and getting the support of the spouse during pregnancy (P

Background: An important role in the course of natural childbirth is played by midwives, who should effectively work on relieving pain. This study aims to present the opinions of midwives on non-pharmacological methods of relieving labor pain; the frequency of their use and reasons for their abandonment; and the relationship between the use of non-pharmacological methods of relieving labor pain and perceived job satisfaction, burnout, and self-efficacy of the midwife. Methods: The study was conducted online, with the participation of 135 Polish midwives working in the delivery room. The author’s survey questionnaire, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the LBQ Burnout Questionnaire, and the Scale of Job Satisfaction were used. Results: Among the surveyed midwives, 77% use vertical positions in work with a patient giving birth. Almost all respondents consider vertical positions as an example of a non-pharmacological method of relieving labor pain; those with master’s degree felt more prepared for their use (p = 0.02). The most common reason for abandoning their use was disagreement on the part of co-workers (p = 0.005). An association was observed between the use of vertical positions and the level of burnout (p = 0.001) and a significant correlation between preparation for their use and self-efficacy assessment, burnout, and job satisfaction. Conclusion: Our research shows that it would be important to conduct additional training on the use of non-pharmacological methods to relieve labor pain and to present their benefits. In contrast to other research results, our results showed that midwives feel well prepared to use these methods; however, similar to other research, we found that they often feel disagreement from colleagues and a lack of support from their leaders. The use of vertical positions is related to burnout.

Bidan adalah salah satu tenaga kesehatan sebagai profesi yang terus berkembang sehingga harus mengikuti perkembangan dan perubahan globalisasi. Era globalisasi menuntut tersedianya sumber daya manusia profesional dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan bidan berdasarkan kebutuhan perkembangan zaman dengan membandingkan kurikulum pendidikan bidan di Indonesia, New Zaeland, dan Australia. Metode yang digunakan pada penulisan artikel ini dengan menggunakan penelaahan literatue (literature riview) berupa proses penyusunana sintesis kepustakaan. Tahap yang dilakukan dengan menelusuri kepustakaan, menemukan ide utama setiap artikel, dan menuliskan dengan gaya paraphrase. Hal tersebut, dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan berbagai referensi berupa artikel-artikel ilmiah dan text book berdasarkan kajian tentang kurikulum pendidikan bidan di Negara Indonesia, New Zaeland, dan Australia. Dengan demikan, hasil kajian perbandingan kurikulum pendidikan bidan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kurikulum pendidikan bidan yang dapat menghasilkan lulusan bidan profesional dalam memberikan asuhan yang berpusat pada wanita.Kata Kunci: Bidan, Kurikulum, Pendidikan Midwives are one of the health workers as a profession that continues to develop so that they must follow the developments and changes of globalization. The era of globalization demands the availability of professional human resources in providing services to the community. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a midwife education curriculum based on the needs of the times by comparing the midwife education curriculum in Indonesia, New Zealand, and Australia. The method used in writing this article uses a literature review in the form of a library synthesis compilation process. The stage was carried out by browsing the literature, finding the main idea of each article, and writing in a paraphrase style. This has done by collecting various references in the form of scientific articles and text books based on studies on the midwifery education curriculum in Indonesia, New Zealand, and Australia. Thus, the results of the comparative study of midwifery education curriculum aim to develop a midwife education curriculum that can produce professional midwife graduates in providing women-centred care.

Introduction Midwives experiencing traumatic births are emotionally affected by this process, lose their self-confidence, and may intend to leave the profession. This study aims to carry out a meta-synthesis of current qualitative research exploring the experiences of midwives witnessing traumatic births. Methods The meta-synthesis consisted of 18 full-text studies in English, obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases. The results of the studies were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique. The study includes qualitative, mixedmethod, and full-text studies published between 2000 and 2020 that explored the experiences of midwives and obstetric nurses witnessing birth trauma. Results The thematic analysis identified seven themes: post-traumatic feelings, posttraumatic stress symptoms, the impact of trauma on professional values, social support, learning from experience, legal process, and reflection of emotions of women experiencing traumatic birth on the midwife. Conclusions Midwives who witnessed traumatic birth were mostly emotionally affected. They lost their self-confidence and intended to leave their profession. They emphasized the importance of peer support through which they could share their experiences after trauma. Psychological education should be provided to midwives who witness the trauma by specialists, and midwives should be strengthened against the effects of trauma in terms of both the institutional policies where the birth takes place and midwifery-specific legal policies.

A qualitative evidence synthesis of the experiences of midwives who have worked in continuity of carer teams since 2017

Objective: It was aimed to examine the views, beliefs and attitudes of midwives and nurses towards kangaroo care.Methods: The research was conducted between June and July 2021 with 214 midwives and nurses working in two public and one private hospital. The principle of the Declaration of Helsinki was complied with throughout the research. The data were obtained through online questionnaires using the "Data Collection Form" and the "Kangaroo Care Opinion Belief and Attitude Inventory" created by the researchers.Results: In the study there were 56.5% nurses, 46.3% worked in neonatal intensive care, their professional years were 7.71±7.27, A positive correlation was found between the Kangaroo Care Opinion Belief and Attitude Inventory (KCOBAI), attitude, opinion and belief dimensions and the mean total score (p=0.000). It was found that there was a correlation between KCOBAI total score average and educational status, occupation, unit of work and previous training in kangaroo care (p, Amaç: Ebe ve hemşirelerin kanguru bakımına yönelik görüş, inanış ve tutumlarının incelemek amacıyla yapıldı.Yöntem: Araştırma bir kamu ve iki özel hastanede çalışan 214 ebe ve hemşire ile Haziran-Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan “Veri Toplama Formu” ve “Kanguru Bakımı Görüş İnanış ve Tutum Envanteri” kullanılarak çevrimiçi anketler aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan katılımcıların %56.5’inin hemşire olduğu, %46.3’ünün yenidoğan yoğun bakımda çalıştığı, meslekteki yıllarının 7.71±7.27 yıl olduğu, Kanguru Bakımı Görüş İnanış ve Tutum Envanteri (KBGİTE), tutum, görüş ve inanış boyutları arasında toplam puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif yönde korelasyon olduğu saptandı (p=0.000). KBGİTE toplam puan ortalaması ile eğitim durumu, meslek, çalışılan birim ve daha önce kanguru bakımı eğitimi alma durumu ile ilişkili olduğu bulundu (p

Background: Effective contraceptives used correctly offer many benefits to both women's and children's health. However, public data reports that the rate at which women use an effective contraceptive method is still insufficient. Midwives, including the students, have an essential role in contraceptive counselling so there is a need to determine midwives' knowledge level on contraceptives. Objective: To evaluate midwifery students' knowledge levels of contraceptive methods. Design: Cross-sectional and descriptive study. Settings: Online survey. Participants: 290 midwifery students who met the inclusion criteria. Methods: The study was conducted between December 2020-March 2021 through Sociodemographic Form and Contraceptive Methods Information Form. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.93 ± 1.97. There were 7.72 ± 3.21 correct answers to 15 questions measuring knowledge level of contraceptive methods. The most known modern contraceptive method was the condom, and the most known traditional method was the calendar method. 59.7 % of the participants considered the post-coital contraceptive method as a family planning method. The knowledge level on contraceptives of students who had not received prior training before was lower; and the knowledge level of students who received information about contraceptives through their courses in the curriculum was higher than those who learned from other sources. The level of knowledge increased as age and grade increased. Conclusions: Midwifery students had insufficient level of knowledge about contraceptives. Since midwifery students play an active role in family planning, interventions are necessary to deliver more detailed and accurate information about contraceptive methods.

ZusammenfassungIn der Evaluation der Gesundheitsversorgung spielt zunehmend auch die Perspektive der Nutzerinnen eine bedeutsame Rolle. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der MMAYbirth entwickelt, ein Fragebogen, der die Qualität der Versorgung während der Geburt durch Hebammen aus der Perspektive der Frauen misst. Der Fragebogen wurde anhand psychometrischer Kennwerte geprüft (n = 1588). MMAYbirth umfasst 21 Items in 4 Sub-Skalen. Er ist ein reliables und kurzes Instrument zur Bewertung der Qualität der Hebammenbegleitung während der Geburt. Es kann zur routinemäßigen Evaluation, zum Vergleich verschiedener Versorgungsmodelle und in der Interventionsforschung eingesetzt werden. Es unterstützt damit die Ausrichtung der Hebammenarbeit an den Bedürfnissen von Frauen und ihren Familien.

Purpose This online survey looked at the experiences and general perceptions of midwives concerning induction of labour and the specific use of misoprostol. Methods We published an online questionnaire with 24 questions in German on midwives’ experiences and perceptions of different methods of induction of labour. Results The online survey was answered by 412 midwives between February 2016 and February 2017. At least 20% of the 24 questions were answered in 333 questionnaires, which were included in this analysis. Oral misoprostol was the most common induction method for primipara and for women with a previous vaginal birth and an unfavourable cervix. Apart from alternative methods for induction of labour like castor oil and complementary/alternative methods, oral misoprostol was the preferred method of induction of labour by midwives. Midwives described a wide range of dosage schedules concerning application intervals, starting doses, and the maximum daily dose of misoprostol. Approximately 50% of the participants of this study described prescriptions of more than 200 µg misoprostol daily for induction of labour. Conclusion Misoprostol is widely used in Germany and was one of the three preferred methods of induction of labour among midwives in our study next to castor oil and complementary/alternative methods. The preparation and dosage of misoprostol vary significantly among hospitals and do not adhere to international guidelines. Midwives voiced their concerns about inconsistent indications and heterogenous use of different methods and dosages of induction. They wished for more patience with late-term pregnancies and individualized shared decision-making between pregnant women and obstetricians.

espanolIntroduccion: La enfermera permite a las gestantes tener autonomia en el embarazo y parto, pero no es reconocido actualmente; sin embargo la Resolucion 3280 de 2018 define los lineamientos tecnicos y operativos de la Ruta Integral de Atencion en Salud para la Poblacion Materno Perinatal y establece las directrices para su operacion, destacando la participacion del profesional de enfermeria en la consulta preconcepcional y controles prenatales. Objetivo: Reconocer los beneficios de la atencion de las enfermeras durante la gestacion y el trabajo de parto reportados en la literatura. Metodologia: Revision integrativa de la literatura con un periodo de busqueda de Febrero-Mayo del 2020 en EBSCO, Pubmed, LILACS, Cuiden y Google academico con terminos DeCS-MeSH: Matronas, complicaciones, parto, embarazo, cuidados de enfermeria y puerperio; operadores booleanos AND-OR. Se obtuvo 44.966 articulos en ingles, espanol y portugues agrupados segun su titulo, resumen, texto completo, nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendacion, obteniendo 33 articulos para realizar lectura critica. Se cumplen las consideraciones eticas para estudios documentales. Resultados: A traves de un analisis de contenido se construyeron 4 tematicas: Beneficios de la asistencia gestacional y de parto por la enfermera, competencias e intervenciones de la enfermera en la atencion integral de la mujer gestante, Consideraciones de riesgo en la asistencia de la gestacion y el parto por enfermeras y Retos de la enfermera en la atencion durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio. Conclusion: La asistencia de la enfermera en gestaciones de bajo riesgo aporta multiples beneficios a la mujer, reduce el tiempo de nacimiento y el dolor, posibilita la identificacion de riesgos de manera oportuna. EnglishIntroduction: The midwife allows pregnant women to have autonomy in pregnancy and childbirth, but is not currently sufficiently recognized. Objective: To know the benefits of midwifery care during labor reported in the literature. Methodology: Integrative literature review in EBSCO, Pubmed, LILACS, Cuiden and Google academic with DeCS-MeSH terms: Midwives, midwife, midwife, complications, childbirth, pregnancy, nursing and postpartum care, and the Boolean operators AND-OR. They were categorized according to their title, abstract, full text, level of evidence and degree of recommendation. Ethical considerations for documentary studies are met. Results: 33 articles were included. 3 final themes were constructed: Benefits of gestational and delivery assistance by the midwife, competencies and interventions of the midwife in the comprehensive care of pregnant women and Risk considerations in management assistance and delivery by nurse-midwives. Conclusion: The midwife's assistance in low-risk pregnancies brings benefits to the emotional and mental level of the woman, reduces the time of birth and pain, and identifies risks in a timely manner. portuguesIntroducao: a enfermeira permite as gestantes ter autonomia na gravidez e o parto, porem e uma profissao nao reconhecida atualmente, entretanto, a Resolucao 3280 de 2018 define os lineamentos tecnicos e operativos da Rota de Atendimento Integral a Saude para a populacao Materna e Perinatal e estabelece as diretrizes para a sua operacao, destacando a participacaodo profissional de enfermagem no atendimento pre-natal. Objetivo: Reconhecer os beneficios da atencao por parte de enfermeiras durante a gestacao e o trabalho de parto referidos na literatura. Materiais e Metodos: Revisao integrativa da literatura realizada no periodo de fevereiro -maio de 2020 em EBSCO, Pubmed, LILACS, Cuidem e Google Scholar empregandoos termos DeCS-MeSH: Enfermeiras obstetricas, complicacoes, parto, gravidez, cuidados deenfermagem e periodo pos-parto, operadores AND-OR. Obtiveram-se 44.966 articulos emingles, espanhol e portugues agrupados segundo o titulo, resumo, texto completo, nivel deevidencia e grado de recomendacao; entretanto, se selecionaram 33 articulos para realizar aleitura critica. Deve-se esclarecer que as consideracoes eticas para estudos documentais. Resultados: Atraves da analise de conteudo construiram-se 4 tematicas: beneficios de assistencia gestacional e de parto pela enfermeira, competencias e intervencoes da enfermeira no atendimento integral da mulher gravida, consideracoes de risco na assistencia da gestacao e o parto por enfermeiras e desafios da enfermeira no atendimento durante a gravidez o parto e pos-parto. Conclusao: A assistencia da enfermeira em gestacoes de baixo risco contribui com multiplos beneficios a mulher, reduze o tempo do nascimento e a dor; alem disso possibilita a identificacao de riscos da maneira oportuna.

Amaç: Bu çalışma kadınların kolostrum bilgisini değerlendirmek üzere yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Niteliksel durum çalışması olarak 15.11.2021-30.12.2021 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya bir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nin Kadın Doğum Polikliniğine başvuran ve emziren kadınlar(N=27) katılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında; Tanıtıcı Bilgi ve Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu kullanılmış olup, yapılan görüşmeler ses kayıt cihazına kaydedilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yazıya dökülen veriler önce benzer şekilde kodlanmış ve bir kod listesi oluşturulmasının ardından temalar ve alt temalar ortaya çıkarılmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırma verileri; Emzirme bilgisi, Emzirmenin Önemi, Kolostrum hakkındaki bilgileri, Emzirme ve kolostrum konusundaki gereksinimler olmak üzere dört ana tema altında toplanmıştır. Kadınların emzirme eğitimi almadıkları, emzirme bilgisinin ana kaynağının sağlık profesyonelleri olduğu, emzirmenin en önemli etkilerini anne-bebek bağını ve bağışıklığı güçlendirme olarak ifade ettikleri, kolostrumu sıklıkla doğumdan sonraki ilk süt olarak tanımladıkları, kolostrumun bebeğe en önemli faydasını bağışıklığı güçlendirme olarak gördükleri, kolostrumun renk ve kıvamını sarı ve yoğun olarak tarif ettikleri, gebelikte uygulamalı eğitimler ile sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından bilgi ve danışmanlık hizmeti verilmesini talep ettikleri saptanmıştırSonuç: Kadınların emzirmenin öneminin farkında oldukları, kolostrum ve emzirme hakkında genel bilgilerinin olduğu, ancak emzirme konusunda gebelik döneminden başlayan özellikle uygulamalı eğitimlere gereksinim duyulduğu, sağlık profesyonellerinin bilgilendirme ve danışmanlık konusuna daha fazla önem vermesi, kadınlarla daha fazla temas etmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır., Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate women’s colostrum knowledge.Method: As a qualitative case study, it was conducted between 15 November 2021 and 30 December 2021. Women who applied to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of a Training and Research Hospital and were breastfeeding participated in the study (N=27). In the collection of data; Introductory Information and Semi-Structured Interview Forms were used, and the interviews were recorded on a voice recorder. Content analysis method was used in the evaluation of the data. The transcribed data were first coded in a similar way and themes and sub-themes were revealed after a code list was created.Results: Research data; Breastfeeding information, Importance of Breastfeeding, Information about colostrum, Breastfeeding and colostrum requirements are gathered under four main themes. The women did not receive breastfeeding education, the main source of breastfeeding information was health professionals, they expressed the most important effects of breastfeeding as strengthening the mother-infant bond and immunity, they often defined colostrum as the first milk after birth, they saw the most important benefit of colostrum for the baby as strengthening immunity, it was determined that they described the consistency as yellow and dense, and demanded information and consultancy services by health professionals with applied training in pregnancy.Conclusion: It has been concluded that women are aware of the importance of breastfeeding, they have general knowledge about colostrum and breastfeeding, but there is a need for practical training on breastfeeding, especially starting from the pregnancy period, and health professionals should give more importance to information and counseling and contact women more.

Objective: Correctly assessing the amount of blood loss is crucial in order to adequately treat postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) at an early stage and diminish any related symptoms and/or complications. The aim of our study is to analyse correctness in visually estimated blood loss during labour and to measure the differences between subjectively measured and weighted blood losses (ml). Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: A Swedish maternity unit with 6000 annual births Participants: Midwives employed at a big maternity unit at a hospital in northern Stockholm, Sweden. Intervention: Midwives assisting 192 vaginal births were asked to visually estimate the blood loss from the assisted delivery. Coasters and sanitary pads were weighed following the birth. We analysed if there were any differences between subjective measured blood loss (ml) and weighted blood loss. These two methods were also compared to quantify concordance between estimated blood volume and the actual volume. Findings: The number of overestimates of blood loss was 45.3 % (n=87) with an average of 72.9 ml; the number of underestimates was 49.4 % (n=95) with an average of 73.8 ml. Exact correct estimations of blood loss were done in 5.2 % of the cases (n=10). The largest overestimation of a postpartum bleeding was by 520 ml; the largest underestimation was by 745 ml. Conclusion: There was both underestimation and overestimation of blood loss. We found small but significant overestimates in PPH < 300 ml (16 ml). In PPH > 300 ml, there was a small but not significant underestimates (34 ml). Based upon our findings, we conclude that it is reasonable to start weighing blood loss when it exceeds 300 ml. © 2022 The Authors

Objective:Information and recommendations provided by midwives and nurses, who play a vital role in maternal and child health, about safe sleeping environment have an influence on the parents. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and opinions of midwives and nurses about safe sleeping environment.Materials and Methods:This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted on 220 midwives and nurses who worked at 18 family health centres and 2 hospitals. Data were collected using a descriptive characteristics form and safe sleep information form. The collected data were expressed as numbers, percentages, and mean and standard deviation values. Chi-square test was used to analyse the data.Results:The mean age of the participants was 31.83±7.63 years, 58.2% had a bachelor’s degree and 56.8% were working at a hospital. Of all the participants, 90% stated that a non-supine position was the safest sleeping position since the supine position involved possible risk of choking. Furthermore, 83.2% of the participants stated that they had heard about Sudden Infant Death syndrome, 75.5% indicated that this syndrome was associated with the sleeping environment of babies and 62.3% specified that they informed families about safe sleep. The number of nurses who informed families about safe sleep was higher than those who had a bachelor’s degree (p

No validated instrument is available for assessing the evidence-based practice capacity of Vietnamese health professionals. This study aimed to translate and validate the Health Sciences Evidence-Based Practice questionnaire (HS-EBP) from English to Vietnamese and ascertain its psychometric properties. Data were collected from two obstetric hospitals in Vietnam. Participants: A total of 343 midwives were randomly selected. The HS-EBP questionnaire was translated by a group of bilingual experts into Vietnamese (HS-EBP-V). Content validity was assessed by two experts. Internal consistency and test–retest reliabilities were assessed using Cronbach’s α and intraclass correlation (ICC), respectively. Construct validity was assessed using the contrasted groups approach. As a result, the content validity index of the HS-EBP-V reached 1.0. For the individual subscales, Cronbach’s α was 0.92–0.97 and ICC was between 0.45 and 0.66. The validity of the contrasted-groups approach showed discrimination by a significant difference in the subscale scores among diploma holders compared with bachelor’s degree holders (p < 0.001). The validation of the HS-EBP questionnaire indicated satisfactory psychometric properties. The results indicate that the HS-EBP is a reliable and valid instrument which assesses the competencies of as well as facilitators of and barriers to the five steps of EBP among midwives. The HS-EBP-V was deemed a reliable and validated tool for assessing the competency and application of EBP among Vietnamese healthcare professionals.

Introduction Current US guidelines for the care of women with obesity generalize obesity-related risks to all women regardless of overall health status and assume that birth will occur in hospitals. Perinatal outcomes for women with obesity in US freestanding birth centers need documentation. Methods Pregnancies recorded in the American Association of Birth Centers Perinatal Data Registry were analyzed (n = 4,455) to form 2 groups of primiparous women (n = 964; 1:1 matching of women with normal body mass indices [BMIs] and women with obese BMIs [>30]), using propensity score matching to address the imbalance of potential confounders. Groups were compared on a range of outcomes. Differences between groups were evaluated using χ2 test for categorical variables and Student's t test for continuous variables. Paired t test and McNemar's test evaluated the differences among the matched pairs. Results The majority of women with obese BMIs experienced uncomplicated perinatal courses and vaginal births. There were no significant differences in antenatal complications, proportion of prolonged pregnancy, prolonged first and second stage labor, rupture of membranes longer than 24 hours, postpartum hemorrhage, or newborn outcomes between women with obese BMIs and normal BMIs. Among all women with intrapartum referrals or transfers (25.3%), the primary indications were prolonged first stage or second stage (55.4%), inadequate pain relief (14.8%), client choice or psychological issue (7.0%), and meconium (5.3%). Primiparous women with obesity who started labor at a birth center had a 30.7% transfer rate and an 11.1% cesarean birth rate. Discussion Women with obese BMIs without medical comorbidity can receive safe and effective midwifery care at freestanding birth centers while anticipating a low risk for cesarean birth. The risks of potential, obesity-related perinatal complications should be discussed with women when choosing place of birth; however, pregnancy complicated by obesity must be viewed holistically, not simply through the lens of obesity.

Purpose The aim of the study was to explore and describe perceptions of midwives on Papanicolaou (Pap smear) test during pregnancy. Methods The study used qualitative, exploratory type of design. A probability purposive sampling was used to sample 12 registered midwives based in gynaecological units in a public hospital in Tshwane District, South Africa. Open-ended questionnaires, field notes, and audio tape were used to collect data. Data analysis process involved grouping and categorization into themes and sub-themes. Results This study showed that majority of midwives lacked scientific knowledge behind Pap smear test during pregnancy. Some of the participants could relate with the test and verbalized that there may be complications such as bleeding, which may lead to miscarriage. Conclusions Findings showed that midwives were not performing Pap smear tests among pregnant women due lack of knowledge. This points out that Pap smear test is not prioritised as a secondary preventive tool at facility level. It is therefore recommended that refresher workshops be conducted at hospital level.

Materi Internasional Webinar "The Role of Midwives in The Future in Facing Global Challeges"

The vaccines against COVID-19 are the best treatment for limiting the spread of the epidemic, and from an individual point of view, for avoiding getting sick. A cross-sectional retrospective survey was conducted from 15 May to 15 July 2021 among healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, midwives, and students at the Medical University of Lodz (nursing, midwifery and medical students) in Poland. Data were obtained from 1080 participants. The aim of the study was to evaluate vaccination coverage against COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Poland, and to analyze their attitude towards the available vaccines, stress before taking, and side effects after administrating them, and motivation towards continuing vaccination in the future (if necessary). The survey also estimated the frequency and quality of adverse post-vaccination reactions after two doses of BioNTech/Pfizer and two doses of AstraZeneca vaccines. The present study revealed that the vaccination ratio after 6 months from the start of vaccination against COVID-19 in Poland among HCWs was very high at 91.2%. However, doctors and medical students were more likely to be vaccinated than nurses and midwives, and nursing and midwifery students (94.8%, 98.3% vs. 78.9% and 86.3%, respectively). The main reasons that HCWs reported receiving a vaccination were to protect the health of themselves and their families, while the main reasons for avoiding a vaccination were fear of side effects, doubts about effectiveness, and an expedited clinical trial process of vaccines. Furthermore, more than two-thirds of those vaccinated reported side effects after receiving at least one dose of the vaccine. Most of the side effects were short-term symptoms with only slight and moderate intensification. The univariate and multivariate logistic regressions showed that the type of vaccine used had a significant impact on the occurrence of adverse post-vaccination effects and the severity and duration of vaccination symptoms. In addition, chronic disease and fear of vaccination also had some influence. Despite this, most participants (more often older than younger participants; p < 0.001) were in favor of compulsory vaccination against COVID-19 for HCWs.

Vecmāte Veselības aprūpe Midwifery Health Care Stacionārā strādājošas vecmātes ir pakļautas izdegšanas sindroma attīstībai, kas var rasties strādājot paaugstinātas spriedzes apstākļos, ko ietekmē darba vide, emocionālā atmosfēra, noslodze, fiziskais un psiholoģiskais nogurums. Izdegšanas sindroma rezultātā samazinās profesionālās dzīves kvalitāte, ko rada palielināts emocionais izsīkums, radusies depersonalizācija, kā arī samazināts personīgais sasniegumu līmenis, kas ietver darbspējas un profesionālo sasniegumus. Pētījuma mērķis. Noskaidrot izdegšanas sindroma vidējos rādītājus stacionārā strādājošām vecmātēm atkarībā no nostrādātā gadu skaita profesijā. Pētījuma metodes raksturojums. Lai sasniegtu pētījuma mērķi, tika veikts neeksperimentāls, šķērsgriezuma, salīdzinošs pētījums, pielietojot instumentu - Standartizēta anketa, kura ietver Maslačas Profesionālās izdegšanas aptauju. Pētījumā piedaījās 71 stacionārā praktizējoša vecmāte no dāžādām veselības aprūpes iestādēm Latvijā. Respondenti tika atlasīti izmantojot pieejamības jeb ērtuma izlases veidu. Galvenie pētījuma rezultāti un secinājumi. Pētījumā secināts, ka izdegšanas rādītāji vecmāšu vidū ir paaugstinātā līmenī, bet darba stāžs būtiski neietekmē izdegšanas rādītāju atšķirības, jo izdegšanas rādītāju sadalījums ir līdzīgs, kā vecmātēm ar mazāku darba stāžu, tā vecmātēm ar lielāku darba stāžu. Demogrāfiskie dati un individuālie faktori spēj ietekmēt izdegšanas rādītājus, bet pētījumā tiem nebija statistiski nozīmīga saistība. Iegūto rezultātu praktiskai pielietojums. Vecmāšu izdegšanai būtu jāpievērš lielāka vērība, lai saglabātu veselīgu, motivētu vecmāšu darbaspēku, kas turpinās strādāt ar sievietēm un viņu ģimenēm. Vecmāšu darbaspēka emocionālajai labklājībai ir būtiska ietekme uz drošu dzemdību aprūpi, personāla saglabāšanu un aprūpes saņēmēju labsajūtu. Preventīvo pasākumu ieviešana un pielietošana praksē, būtu nozīmīga izdegšanas sindromu attīstības samazināšanā. Bakalaura darbā ir iekļautas 1 tabula, 28 attēli, izmantoti 28 avoti. Darba apjoms bez pielikumiem ir 55 lappuses, pielikumi 6 lappuses. Atslēgas vārdi: vecmāte, izdegšana, izdegt, darba stāžs, Maslačas izdegšanas aptauja Inpatient working midwives are exposed to the development of burnout syndrome, which can develop when working under stress, which is affected by the work environment, emotional atmosphere, workload, physical and psychological fatigue. As a result of the burnout syndrome, the quality of professional life decreases due to increased emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal achievement levels, which include work capacity and professional achievement. Objective of the study. To find out the average indicators of burnout syndrome for inpatient midwives depending on the number of years worked in the profession. Description of the research method. In order to achieve the aim of the study, a non-experimental, cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted using the instrument - Standardized Questionnaire, which includes the Maslach Professional Burnout Inventory. The study involved 71 inpatient midwives from various health care institutions in Latvia. Respondents were selected using a sample of accessibility or convenience. The main results and conclusions of the study. The study concludes that burnout rates among midwives are elevated, but seniority does not significantly affect differences in burnout rates, as the distribution of burnout rates is similar on less work experience as more work experience. Demographics and individual factors may influence burnout rates, but there was no statistically significant relationship between them in the study. Practical application of the obtained results. More attention should be paid to the burning of midwives in order to maintain a healthy, motivated workforce of midwives who will continue to work with women and their families. The emotional well-being of the midwifery workforce has a significant impact on safe childbirth care, staff retention and the well-being of care recipients. The introduction and application of preventive measures in practice would be important in reducing the development of burnout syndromes. The bachelor's thesis includes 1 tables, 28 figures, 28 sources. The volume of the work without mirrors is 55 pages, appendices 6 pages. Keywords: midwife, burnout, work experience, Maslach burnout Inventory.

In 2019, the late fetal mortality rate in Spain was 3.11 deaths per thousand births. The outcome of perinatal and/or neonatal death is a devastating experience for both the mother and the family, thus, providing high quality bereavement care has been shown to reduce emotional, psychological and social negative effects for parents. Many healthcare professionals find it difficult to handle these situations. In addition, the current SARS-CoV-2 social health crisis further complicates the quality of care that could be provided in these situations. With the presentation of this clinical case we want to highlight the important role of the midwife in the care of perinatal grief in the context of the pandemic situation. The data collected in physical examinations and assessments are presented according to the Virginia Henderson model, and a complete care plan is developed. It is important to create strategies with an interdisciplinary team to facilitate coping with grief. Interventions related to memory creation emerge as important elements in parents' experiences, so we should give them greater emphasis. Quality health care must be achieved to help solve the grieving process, and midwives must be one of the reference professionals for this. Finally, more research studies are considered necessary, taking into account which has been mentioned before and continuing with the development and implementation of guidelines in Spanish hospitals. En 2019 la tasa de mortalidad fetal tardía en España fue de 3,11 defunciones por cada mil nacidos. El abordaje de la muerte perinatal y/o neonatal provoca una experiencia demoledora tanto para la madre como para la familia, por lo que, una atención integral del duelo reduce los efectos emocionales, psicológicos y sociales negativos para los padres. Muchos profesionales sanitarios tienen dificultades para manejar estas situaciones. A esto se añade, la actual crisis socio-sanitaria de SARS-CoV-2 que complica aún más la eficiencia que se debe prestar ante estas situaciones. Con la exposición del presente caso clínico queremos remarcar el importante papel de la matrona en la atención al duelo perinatal en el contexto de la situación de pandemia. Se exponen los datos recogidos en la exploración física y valoración según el modelo de Virginia Henderson, y se desarrolla un plan de cuidados completo. Es importante crear estrategias con un equipo interdisciplinar para facilitar el afrontamiento del duelo. Las intervenciones relacionadas con la creación de memoria surgen como elementos importantes en las experiencias de los padres por lo que deberíamos darle mayor énfasis. Se debe lograr una atención profesionalizada que ayude a resolver el proceso de duelo y la matrona debe ser uno de los profesionales de referencia para ello. Finalmente, se consideran necesarios más estudios de investigación, que cuenten con el contexto actual y que se continúe con la elaboración e implantación de guías en los hospitales españoles.

En els últims anys, l’ús dels mètodes anticonceptius ha anat en augment entre la població a nivell mundial i ha sigut clau per la planificació familiar i també per la salut reproductiva de la dona. Actualment, es coneix que existeixen una gran varietat de tècniques i mètodes anticonceptius i que entre ells tenen diferències en quan a les característiques, eficàcia, seguretat, efectes secundaris, preu i si són reversibles o no ho són. Els mètodes anticonceptius han tingut molt impacte sobre la fecunditat i sobre la sexualitat i això està relacionat amb la gran quantitat d’informació que els professionals de la salut transmeten amb l’educació sanitària. És per això que aquí cal destacar l’assessorament per part del professional d’infermeria en l’elecció del mètode anticonceptiu que millor s’ajusti a les necessitats de cada pacient tenint en compte que cadascú escull l’opció més adequada a la seva situació en base a factors com són l’edat, l’estat de salut i també el tipus de relacions sexuals que manté. Mitjançant l’elaboració d’aquest treball es dissenya un programa d’educació per la salut d’ús d’anticonceptius per oferir millors coneixements als estudiants de secundària de l’Institut Sant Josep de Tàrrega. L’objectiu general del programa és desenvolupar una proposta que augmenti el grau de coneixement i l’ús responsable d’anticonceptius per prevenir les MTS, en la població adolescent d’educació secundària de l’Institut Sant Josep de Tàrrega durant un curs escolar. In recent years, the use of contraceptive methods has increased worldwide and it has been important for family planning and also for women’s reproductive health. Currently, there are a lot of techniques and contraceptive methods and they have differences in terms of features, effectiveness, safety, side effects, price and whether they are reversible or not. Contraceptive methods have had a big impact on fertility and sexuality and this is related to the large amount of information that health professionals transmit with sanitary education. That’s why it has to be highlighted the advice from the nursing professional in choosing the contraceptive method that best suits the needs of each patient, taking into account that everyone chooses the most appropriate option for their situation based on factors such as age, health status and also the type of sexual relations you have. Through the elaboration of this work a health education program for the use of contraceptives is designed to provide better knowledge to high school students from the “Institut Sant Josep de Tàrrega”. The goal of this health program is to develop a proposal that increases the degree of knowledge and responsible use of contraceptives to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, in the adolescent population of secondary education of the “Institut Sant Josep de Tàrrega” during a school year.

Vecmāte Veselības aprūpe Midwifery Health Care Pasaules Veselības organizācija (turpmāk tekstā PVO) iesaka ekskluzīvu zīdīšanu (turpmāk tekstā EZ) bērna pirmajos sešos dzīves mēnešos, savukārt, kombinējot mātes pienu ar citu uzturu, turpināt zīdīšanu līdz divu gadu vecumam vai ilgāk (WHO, 2021). Starp PVO reģioniem Eiropas reģionā ir viszemākie EZ rādītāji sešu mēnešu vecumā - aptuveni 25% (Theurich et al., 2019). Zīdīšanas ilguma rādītāji Latvijā pēdējos gados bijuši līdzīgi, un tie bija krietni zemāki par PVO ieteikumiem. Vairākos pētījumos un pārskatos tika secināts, ka vecmātēm vai citām atbalsta personām atbalstot sievietes zīdīšanas laikā, EZ ilgums un kopējais zīdīšanas ilgums palielinājās, kā arī tas ietekmēja agrīnu zīdīšanas pārtraukšanu (McFadden, 2017 ; Forster et al., 2019). Pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot sieviešu apmierinātību par vecmāšu sniegto atbalstu zīdīšanas veicināšanā (turpmāk - VSAZV), zīdīšanas uzsākšanā, EZ un kopējā zīdīšanas periodā. Darba uzdevumi bija noskaidrot sieviešu apmierinātību par VSAZV, noskaidrot zīdīšanas uzsākšanu un ilgumu izlases sievietēm un izvērtēt, vai pastāv saistība starp sieviešu apmierinātību par VSAZV un zīdīšanas uzsākšanu, EZ un kopējo zīdīšanas ilgumu. Tika veikts neeksperimentāls šķērsgriezuma korelācijas pētījums. Pētījumā piedalījās 523 pirms diviem līdz trim gadiem Latvijā dzemdējušas sievietes. Rezultāti: No 523 sievietēm aprūpi no vecmātēm pēcdzemdību periodā saņēma 220 sievietes stacionārā un 12 sievietes mājas vizīšu laikā. Mediānie sieviešu apmierinātības vērtējumi par VSAZV bija vidēji augsti un augsti. Zīdīt savu bērnu uzsāka 99,0% (n=518) resondentu, bet 1% respondentu (n=5) zīdīšanu neuzsāka. EZ mediānais periods bija 130,00 dienas, kopējais mediānais zīdīšanas periods bija 12,00 mēneši. Autores izvirzīta hipotēze apstiprinājās daļēji. Netika atrasta statistiski nozīmīga asociācija starp sieviešu apmierinātību par VSAZV un zīdīšanas uzsākšanu. Tika pierādīta statistiski nozīmīga vāja pozitīva korelācija starp EZ, kopējo zīdīšanas periodu un četriem aspektiem vecmātes sniegtā atbalsta zīdīšanas veicināšanā pēcdzemdību perioda stacionārā: aprūpes personāla empātija, atsaucība un ieinteresētība, saprotoša attieksme, sievietei nepieciešamā individuālā atbalsta sniegšana un papildu vizīšu piedāvāšana (p

Objective: to analyze midwives’ employment situation of midwives and detect their workload measurement needs. Methods: a mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative), observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Two phases were carried out. The first methodological phase consisted of conducting semi-structured individual interviews. The second methodological phase analyzed the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) interventions that midwives perform in the labor room during daily practice. Results: 90.3% of midwives have work overload, since for 80.6% the midwife-pregnant mother ratio is not well established, since the mean execution time of a Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) intervention is 20 minutes. For this reason, 100% of the sample considers the development of workload measurement tools to be highly useful. Conclusions: the need to generate an instrument that considers the diversity of Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) interventions that develop within the labor room is ratified. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a situação laboral das parteiras e detectar suas necessidades de mensuração da carga de trabalho. Métodos: estudo de metodologia mista (quantitativa e qualitativa), observacional, descritivo e transversal. Duas fases foram realizadas. A primeira fase metodológica consistiu na realização de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas. A segunda fase metodológica analisou as intervenções da Classificação de Intervenção de Enfermagem (NIC) que as parteiras realizam na sala de parto durante o dia de atendimento. Resultados: 90,3% das parteiras apresentam sobrecarga de trabalho, pois, para 80,6%, a relação obstetriz-gestante não está bem estabelecida, pois o tempo médio de execução de uma intervenção Classificação de Intervenção de Enfermagem (NIC) é de 20 minutos. Por esse motivo, 100% da amostra considera muito útil o desenvolvimento de ferramentas de medição de carga de trabalho. Conclusões: ratifica-se a necessidade de gerar um instrumento que considere a diversidade de intervenções Classificação de Intervenção de Enfermagem (NIC) que se desenvolvem na sala de parto. RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la situación laboral de las matronas y detectar sus necesidades de medición de cargas de trabajo. Métodos: Estudio de metodología mixta (cuantitativo y cualitativo), observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se realizaron dos fases: La primera fase metodológica, consistió en la realización de entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas. Y en la segunda fase metodológica, se analizaron las intervenciones de enfermería (NIC) que las matronas efectúan en paritorio durante su jornada asistencial. Resultados: El 90,3% de las matronas presentan sobrecarga en el trabajo, pues para el 80,6% el ratio matrona- gestante no se encuentra bien establecido; pues tiempo medio de ejecución de una intervención de enfermería (NIC), es de 20 minutos. Por ello, el 100% de la muestra considera de máxima utilidad el desarrollo de herramientas de medición de cargas de trabajo. Conclusiones: Se ratifica la necesidad de generar un instrumento que considere la diversidad de intervenciones de enfermería (NIC) que desarrollan dentro del paritorio.

[Resumen] Un disruptor endocrino (DEC) es “una sustancia o mezcla de sustancias exógenas que alteran la función o funciones del sistema endocrino y consecuentemente causan efectos adversos para la salud en un organismo intacto, o su progenie, o en (sub)poblaciones”. Podemos encontrarlos con gran facilidad en numerosos objetos de la vida cotidiana, así como en la comida y en el agua que consumimos. La evidencia científica alarma sobre las múltiples patologías de las que los DECs son causantes, y sobre la mayor vulnerabilidad de los colectivos que se encuentran en las ventanas de desarrollo fetal, niñez temprana y pubertad. Ante esto, sigue sin existir una normativa específica de DECs tanto a nivel español como europeo. En este contexto, la matrona juega un rol fundamental como educadora de la mujer, favoreciendo un adecuado conocimiento de cómo los DECs pueden afectar a su salud reproductiva y a la de su descendencia, en pro de la promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad.  Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia de un programa formativo de educación para la salud en las matronas de atención primaria (AP) sobre los efectos de los DECs sobre la mujer y su descendencia.  Metodología: Se realizará un estudio cuantitativo tipo descriptivo quasi-experimental pretest-postest. El ámbito de estudio serán las áreas sanitarias de Ferrol y Coruña y Cee pertenecientes al Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS) y la muestra de estudio serán las matronas de los centros de salud de AP pertenecientes a dichas áreas sanitarias. Las variables del estudio son la edad y la experiencia de trabajo como matrona. El cálculo del tamaño muestral con el programa EPIDAT 4.2. Para la selección de la muestra se realizará un muestreo aleatorio simple. Todos los sujetos que cumplan los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos serán incorporados al estudio, es decir, todas las matronas de las áreas sanitarias de A Coruña y Ferrol que firmen el consentimiento informado. Se realizará una intervención educativa grupal que constará de una sesión de una hora, empleando una metodología tradicional sobre los efectos de los DECs sobre la mujer y su descendencia. Para evaluar la eficacia de la intervención se realizará un cuestionario previo y otro posterior a la misma. Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FEP). Enfermaría. Curso 2021/2022

Introduction: Postpartum depression is the presence of depressive symptoms in women, generally in the four weeks following childbirth and appears in 10-15% of women. PPD presents a series of important consequences for both the mother and the child or family environment, so nursing must detect the risk factors and intervene to minimize them. Objectives: For this reason, the main objective of this study is to analyze the risk factors that influence the onset of PPD, and thus to determine the nursing actions to be taken in the face of this diagnosis. Methodology: It was carried out a bibliographical review in 2 databases of Health Sciences (PubMed, SciELO), from which a significant number of valid articles was obtained for the review. Results: After reviewing the literature, most of the articles agree that the most important risk factors are related to previous psychiatric history and lack of social support, economic resources, or low level of education, as well as poor obstetric experience, geographical location or lack of sleep. Conclusions: To assess PPD, the use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Test (EPDS) in the first weeks after birth is recommended because of its ease and usefulness. After diagnosis, an intervention is proposed by health professionals with behavioral and psychosocial therapies to help mothers feel better and reduce the development of PPD. Introducción: La depresión post parto es la presencia de síntomas depresivos en mujeres, generalmente en las cuatro semanas posteriores al parto y aparece en el 10-15% de las mujeres. La DPP presenta una serie de consecuencias importantes tanto para la madre como para el hijo o ambiente familiar, por lo que enfermería debe detectar los factores de riesgos e intervenir para minimizarlas. Objetivos: Por esta razón, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar los factores de riesgos que influyen en la aparición de la DPP, y así poder determinar las actuaciones de enfermería ante este diagnóstico. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en dos bases de datos de Ciencias de la Salud (PubMed y SciELO), de la que se obtuvo un importante número de artículos válidos para realizar la revisión. Resultados: Tras realizar una revisión de la literatura, la mayoría de los artículos coinciden en que los factores de riesgos más importantes guardan relación con el historial psiquiátrico previo y con la falta de apoyo social, recursos económicos o nivel bajo de educación; Además de una mala experiencia obstétrica, la situación geográfica o la falta de sueño. Conclusiones: Para valorar la DPP es recomendable el uso del Test de Depresión Posnatal Edimburgo (EPDS) en las primeras semanas tras el parto, por su facilidad y utilidad. Tras el diagnóstico, se plantea una intervención a través de los profesionales sanitarios con terapias conductuales y psicosociales para ayudar a las madres a sentirse mejor y disminuir el desarrollo de la DPP.

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PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of antenatal period hypnobirthing education for childbirth fear and labor pain management during labor. STUDY DESIGN: A quasi-experimental methodological study to assess the education of hypnobirthing. Women were recruited from Eskişehir State Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic in Turkey between 24 and 26 pregnancy weeks and July 1–September 1, 2016 and the hypnobirthing education was given 5 weeks in the antenatal period. Participants; 30 Turkish-speaking pregnant women. Following labor, questionnaires were completed in hospital by women in order to assess the mother and infant after birth and determine the effect of education first 24 hours after birth. FINDINGS: It was determined that hypnobirthing knowledge scores after education of the participating pregnancies decreased significantly, Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire-Version B (WDEQ-B) scale score decreased significantly (p = 0.002). Participating laborers; (p = 0.448), but there was also no significant relationship between birth satisfaction scores (p = 0.540) and posttraining hypnobirthing information status scores and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores. MAIN CONCLUSION: Hypnobirthing training has an effect on fear of childbirth but has no effect on birth satisfaction and labor pain. © Copyright 2020 Springer Publishing Company, LLC., The authors are thankful to Hafize ?zt?rkCan, Birsen Karaca Saydam, H?lya Demirci, Nurg?l G?ng?r Tav?anl? for their invaluable help and contribution not only but also the women who participated in the study.

Introduction. The history of recommendations by the Polish Federation for Education in Diabetology dates back to 2006, when guidelines for nurses/midwifes working with diabetic patients were first drawn up. However, the development of nurses and midwifes? competences requires stronger actions that foster a transition from experience-based towards evidence-based practice. Aim. The aim of this publication is to present a set of procedures describing nursing interventions in diabetes care, including currently available scientific evidence and clinical experience of specialists involved in the care of diabetic patients. Material and methods. The study involved a literature review of selected areas of nursing practice in diabetes care. When compiling the material, the priority was to use data from (in order of significance): randomized controlled clinical trials and their meta-analyses, observational studies and other studies with an adequate scientific status. Results. This joint study yielded 11 procedures describing selected aspects of nursing interventions in diabetic patients. Each of the procedures details key recommendations on diabetes care, arranged in accordance of the significance ascribed to the scientific evidence analyzed. Conclusions. The 2020 PFED guidelines on nursing and midwifery diabetes care are the effect of the evaluation of the previous versions and comprise a considerably more extensive, comprehensive and evidence-based set of practices. The major asset of these guidelines is their interdisciplinarity, reflected in the fact that the final version of the publication was approved by consultants in numerous nursing fields, a consultant in diabetology, and the President of the Polish Federation for Education in Diabetology, who all represent the medical community. The authors experience gained during work on international recommendations (New Insulin Delivery Recommendations) played an important role when formulating the present guidelines.

Social contextual circumstances have an influence on parental transition, and social support has been shown to facilitate the transition to parenthood, among other states. Further knowledge is, however, needed to explore how partners of pregnant women use their social networks during pregnancy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore how partners of pregnant women use their social networks when preparing for childbirth and parenting. Within this study, a social network is defined as social connections such as family, friends and significant others. In total, 14 partners (expectant fathers and co-mothers) were interviewed. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. EQUATOR Network guidelines and the COREQ checklist were applied. The analysis resulted in one theme of meaning: Partners use their social networks to receive social support, which facilitates understanding about how to prepare for childbirth and parenthood, which was described through three sub-themes. The results highlight the importance of social networks for partners when preparing for childbirth and parenthood. Professionals should aim to strengthen and extend partners’ social networks and access to social support. This could be done not only to support partners to attend parental classes, but also to participate socially as well as engage with other expectant parents within the classes. CC BY 4.0Corresponding author:Caroline B€ackstrom, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Post Box 408, S 541 28, Sweden. Email: caroline.backstrom@his.se

The aim of this study was to determine contraceptive method use in perimenopausal women. This cross-sectional study was carried out in XXXXXXXXXXX Hospital between 6 June and 7 September in 2016. The study sample included 243 women selected through random sampling, a non-probability sampling. Data were collected with a questionnaire created by the researchers in light of the literature. The analysis of the data obtained from the research was carried out in the SPSS 20.0 package program. Percentage ratios, arithmetic mean and standard deviation, chi square test have been used in analysis of data. The mean age of the women was 47.7±3.4 years. At the time of the study, 77.4% of the women were using a contraceptive method, but 22.6% of the women were not using any contraceptive methods. The most frequent method was intrauterine device at the rate of 25.1%. Twenty-three-point nine percent of the women had tubal ligation and 14.8% of the women were using withdrawal. Formerly, the most frequently used modern contraceptive method had been contraceptive pills at the rate of 53.8%. The second most frequent former method had been male condom at the rate of 46.5% and the third most frequent former method had been copper intrauterine device at the rate of 32.9%. Nine-point nine percent of the women had not used any contraceptive methods previously. Fifty-four-point three percent of the women did not know how long they should use a contraceptive method after their periods ended due to menopause. The decreased rate of contraceptive use and not knowing how long contraceptives should be used in perimenopausal women reveal an unfulfilled need for counseling in these women. It can be recommended that perimenopausal women should be provided counseling appropriate for their age and needs. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Bu araştırmanın amacı perimenopozal dönemdeki kadınların kontraseptif yöntem kullanım durumlarını belirlemektir. Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma XXXXXXXXXXX Hastanesi’nde 06/06/2016 ile 07/09/2016 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 243 kadın oluşturmuş ve örnekleme alınacak kadınları belirlemede olasılıksız örnekleme yöntemlerinden gelişigüzel örnekleme yöntemi seçilmiştir. Araştırma verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından literatüre uygun elde edilen soru formu ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi SPSS 20,0 paket programında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, yüzdelik oranlar, aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, ve Ki kare testi kullanılmıştır. Kadınların yaş ortalamaları 47,7±3,4’dir. Kadınların %77,4’ü halen gebelikten korunmak için bir yöntem kullanırken %22,6’sı hiçbir yöntem kullanmamaktadır. Şuanda kullanılan kontraseptif yöntemin en yüksek oranda (%25,1) rahim içi araç (RİA) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kadınlar %23,9 oranında tüp ligasyon ve %14,8 oranında ise geri çekme yöntemi ile gebelikten korunmaktadırlar. Araştırmaya katılan kadınların yarıdan fazlası (%53,8) geçmişte gebelikten korunmak için modern yöntem olarak hap kullanmıştır. Erkek kondomu %46,5 oranı ile ikinci sırada yer alırken, %32,9 oranı ile bakırlı RİA üçüncü sırada kullanılmıştır. Yöntem kullanmayan kadın oranı ise %9,9’dur. Kadınların %54,3’ü menopoz nedeni ile adetten kesildikten sonra ne kadar süre daha gebelikten korunmaları gerektiğini bilmemektedir. Perimenopozal dönemde yöntem kullanımının azalması ve bu dönemde ne kadar süre gebelikten korunması gerektiğinin bilinmemesi kadınların karşılanamayan danışmanlık gereksinimlerinin olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu danışmanlığın kadının yaşına ve ihtiyacına uygun verilmesi önerilebilir.

Background and aims: Midwives experience a high level of stress due to heavy workloads, which has been shown to have adverse effects on well-being. Accordingly, the main goal of this study was to assess the predictors associated with a healthy lifestyle in a sample of midwives working in hospitals and health centers of Qazvin, Iran. Methods: A total of 200 midwives were recruited using convenience sampling method. Each subject completed a demographic questionnaire, the Farsi version of the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile Questionnaire, and Perceived Social Support Questionnaire. A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the predictors of health promoting lifestyle (HPL). Results: Spiritual growth (2.78±0.53) and nutrition (2.79±0.45) had the highest scores among HPL subscales. Conversely, subjects had the lowest score in physical activity (2.02±0.64). Multivariate regression analyses showed that workplace (β=-0.19, P=0.03), involving in professional sports (β=0.2, P=0.01), and perception of an adequate social support network (β=0.47, PConclusion: Considering the predictive role of three variables including workplace, involving in professional sport, and having adequate social support, HPL interventions can be designed and implemented. Improving working conditions, strengthening social support networks, and increasing physical activity might be beneficial measures to improve midwives’ HPL.

Introduction Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a result of mutual influence and interaction of etiological factors. Pathological foetal development dynamic, mismatched with gestational age, is a direct threat to the viability of pregnancy and is the second most common cause of perinatal deaths in children after premature birth. One of the main principles of prophylactic management with regard to intrauterine growth retardation is the improvement of care, and factors influencing maternal health, both during the pre-conception period and during pregnancy and after childbirth. Objective The aim of the study is to present the role and tasks of a midwife in the care of a patient during pregnancy complicated by intrauterine growth retardation. Brief description of the State of kknowledge. Given that the etiology of IUGR is subject to a multiplicity of factors, no effective method of treating IUGR has been described todate. As the accessible treatments are still limited, there exists a pressing need to seek new, effective therapeutic methods. Precise diagnostics and intensive monitoring of foetal health remain crucial. Conclusions The high risk of perinatal complications and serious consequences of premature birth make it important to provide the future mother with emotional support, and to develop a model of personalized, clinical situation-sensitive care for patients with IGUR-afflicted pregnancies.

Midwifery training in Krakow started within the University structures and was closely related to the reform of the Academy in 1780. Following H. Kołłątaj and Prof. A. Badurski’s ideas, the first clinical hospital was created in Krakow, where midwifery training started. Prof. R. Czer-wiakowski gave lectures for midwives and supervised the maternity clinic. The changing political relations remodelled the structure and organisation of the school authorities, which affected the working conditions of the University. Obtaining a diploma was preceded by the so-called strict exam in front of an exam board consisting of professors. The positive result of the exam then authorised the student to take an oath in front of the Dean, the secretary, and a professor of the Faculty of Medicine, which, as stated on the diploma, gave “the right to prac-tice midwifery”. Following professors and heads of the maternity clinic made special efforts in organising midwifery courses and improving continuously difficult learning conditions. Many documents issued to midwives or provided by midwifery students have survived from their professional activity. Prof. H. Jordan achieved outstanding results in this respect, as he managed to obtain permission from the partitioning authorities to organise an independent midwifery school. It opened in 1895, and Prof. A. Mars became its head. The importance of achieving this idea promoted by Prof. H. Jordan for the further development of midwives in Krakow is worth emphasising. The independent institution took the name of the Imperial Royal School of Midwives.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of influenza vaccination and related factors among midwives and nurses working in Mersin City Hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study including 235 nurses and 57 midwives. The survey data were obtained by face-to-face surveys. Chi-Square test was used for data analysis. Results: In our study, only 11.2% of the 292 health care workers stated that they had been vaccinated at least once during their employment. Conclusion: Lifetime seasonal influenza vaccination rate is 11.2% in our participants. This may be attributed to many reasons such as education and inadequate vaccination policies. Health care workers may be provided with appropriate training for seasonal influenza vaccination on their own benefits and responsibilities for themselves and the patients. Obligatory vaccination of risk groups can be considered a health policy of the state.

INTRODUCTION: In Flanders, Belgium, 78.2% of the women exclusively breastfeed their babies following birth. However, after three months just one third of those babies is breastfed exclusively. This is in contrast with the WHO recommendations of a minimum of six months. Studies reveal that women are not always satisfied with the breastfeeding support they receive from their midwives, which can lead to early cessation of breastfeeding. The general aim of this study is to gain an in-depth understanding of the supporting role of midwives in breastfeeding support during the first two weeks after birth and compare it to the needs of the breastfeeding women. METHODS: A qualitative approach was used with an observational design and a focus group study. Two researchers performed non-participative observations in both hospital and primary healthcare settings. Midwife-mother interactions during breastfeeding support (midwives, n = 21; mothers, n = 59) were observed. Analysis of the data gathered from two focus groups with midwives (n = 10) and two focus groups with mothers (n = 9) provides an in-depth understanding of the supporting role of midwives during breastfeeding and helps to investigate whether that role corresponds to the mothers' needs both from the mothers' and the midwives' perspective. Observations and focus groups were analyzed using thematic analysis. FINDINGS: The analysis showed that both midwives and mothers want the breastfeeding to be a success. Generally, the production of breastmilk is a priority, for both the midwives and the mothers. Overall a hands-on approach regarding breastfeeding support was observed, mainly in the hospital settings when compared with the findings from the primary healthcare settings. A hands-on approach often occurs without asking the mother's consent. During the breastfeeding support, a professional relationship between the midwife and the mother is fostered. In primary healthcare there is one - to - one support which is contrary to hospital care, resulting in a personalized relationship. Breastfeeding support is influenced by personal (e.g. negative belief in breastfeeding policies) and external context factors (e.g. time restraints). CONCLUSION: The research data revealed three topics on breastfeeding support by the midwife which were the focus, the approach and the relationship between the midwife and the mothers. The way the midwife provides this support varies due to the setting (hospital or primary health care) and due to personal convictions of midwives and mothers. The study shows the importance of providing breastfeeding support which is tailored to individual needs of the mother. ispartof: Midwifery vol:78 pages:50-57 ispartof: location:Scotland status: Published online

Background Midwives are well placed to promote vaccination awareness throughout a women’s pregnancy and strengthen childhood vaccination demand following hospital discharge. In Perth, Western Australia, Aboriginal children experience some of the lowest vaccination coverage rates across the nation. To identify factors preventing greater vaccination uptake amongst the target population, a theory-based study was conducted with midwives across two Perth maternity hospitals to explore behavioural attributes, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs surrounding vaccination provision and the vaccines administered to Aboriginal children. Methods A purpose-designed questionnaire was distributed to midwives working in two Perth public maternity hospitals. The proximal constructs of The Theory of Planned Behavior were used to frame the questionnaire to enable the barriers to greater vaccination coverage to be identified and behaviourally situated. Descriptive statistics described the demographics of the study sample. Chi-square and the Fisher’s exact test were used to identify associations between midwife characteristics and awareness of the coverage rates. Significance was set at α = 0.05. Results Of the 58 midwives who completed the study questionnaire, 77.2% were unaware of the sub-optimal vaccination coverage in Perth’s Aboriginal children. Level of education (p = 0.53) and years worked as a practising midwife (p = 0.47) were not found to be associated with an awareness of the coverage rates. Approximately, 50% of midwives reported some concern over the efficacy of childhood vaccines, 44.4% did not feel confident with their knowledge of vaccines, while 33.3% do not routinely discuss childhood vaccinations with parents prior to hospital discharge. Conclusions Key findings in the study identified that a range of educational, leadership and system-based issues are affecting midwives’ capacity to play a more substantial role in influencing vaccination coverage in Perth’s Aboriginal children.

Background: The challenge is to identify pain assessment counselling that are effective and reliable to the woman during labour while also supporting appropriate management of labour pain. Objective: This study aimed to describe women’s perceptions of their counselling on pain assessment and pain management during labour. Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional study. Participants: The sample consisted of women who had given birth (n=204) at a university hospital in Finland; 250 parturients were recruited by convenience sampling. Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire (P-PAPM) between November 2018 and February 2019. The statistical significance of observed differences was analysed using the Chi-squared test and Fischer’s exact test. Results: Eighty percent of women reported that they had received counselling on pharmacological treatments from midwives, but only 33 % received counselling on pain assessment. The non-pharmacological methods for alleviating labour pain most commonly taught by midwives were proper breathing techniques, cold/heat treatments, and trying different positions and movements. Women were less commonly counselled to try listening to music, thinking about pleasant and positive things, or concentrating their thoughts on something other than pain. The two most commonly used counselling methods were demonstrations and written material and least used Internet-based resources. The personal issue that midwives discussed most frequently during counselling was the women’s individual hopes concerning pain management (91%), while the issue discussed least often was previous experiences of pain (58%). The participants’ experiences of fear, age, and education were significantly associated with aspects of counselling on pain assessment and management. Conclusions: Women’s counselling on pain assessment and management during labour varied widely. Therefore, to improve its quality, counselling should be routinely integrated into daily midwifery work. In particular, the counselling given on non-pharmacological pain relief methods during labour was inadequate. More varied counselling methods should be used in the future. Finally, the results indicate that midwives’ knowledge of counselling should be increased and they should be encouraged to routinely offer counselling on pain assessment and management for parturing women.