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O presente artigo descreve as conseqüências de algumas terapias utilizadas para o câncer sobre o material genético de pacientes com neoplasias. O objetivo é ressaltar a importância da avaliação da relação risco/ benefício dos diferentes tratamentos utilizados para o câncer, e da continuidade de pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de novas formas de terapia e de novas drogas antineoplásicas. Faremos breve exposição sobre o processo de carcinogênese de múltiplas etapas, destacando o conceito geral de que o câncer é uma doença genética. São apresentados os efeitos mutagênicos das radiações ionizantes e de algumas classes de quimioterápicos sobre o material genético. Além dos efeitos deletérios desses agentes para o paciente, são também relatados efeitos nocivos para os indivíduos que manipulam ou que são responsáveis pela condução dos tratamentos. Abordaremos de modo geral, os danos genéticos induzidos por agentes antineoplásicos mutagênicos tanto para o paciente como para os indivíduos que os manipulam, predispondo-os ao desenvolvimento de um segundo tumor ou de um tumor primário, respectivamente.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar as qualidades psicométricas do Questionário de Atitudes Socioculturais em Relação à Aparência-3 para adolescentes brasileiros. A amostra total foi composta por 600 adolescentes (254 meninos), os quais participaram em fases distintas da pesquisa: avaliação da compreensão verbal da escala, avaliação da validade de construto, validade e confiabilidade, e a terceira etapa referiu-se à avaliação da reprodutibilidade (teste-reteste). Todos os itens apresentaram adequada compreensão verbal entre os adolescentes. O instrumento apresentou estrutura fatorial composta por sete fatores (α > 0,40), cujos índices de ajustamento foram aceitáveis, correlação positiva e significativa com a satisfação corporal (r = 0,41, p < 0,001) e estabilidade. As qualidades psicométricas do SATAQ-3 para adolescentes foram parcialmente confirmadas, sendo sua utilização indicada para essa população. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to obtain estimates of the psychometric properties of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 in a sample of Brazilian adolescents. The sample consisted of 600 adolescents (254 boys), who participated in different stages of the research: assessment of verbal comprehension, construct validity, convergent validity and reliability, and evaluation of the reproducibility (test-retest). The adolescents showed adequate verbal comprehension of all items. The scale presented a factor structure composed of seven factors (α > 0,40), with acceptable values of the fit indices of the model, significant positive correlation for the measures of body satisfaction (r = 0,41, p < 0,001), and reproducibility. The psychometric quality of the SATAQ-3 among adolescents was partially confirmed, and its use is indicated for this population.

Objetivo Avaliar a equivalência semântica e a consistência interna da Game Addiction Scale (GAS): versão em português. Métodos O procedimento constituiu-se das seguintes etapas: a) revisão da literatura; b) tradução do instrumento original; c) retrotradução; d) revisão técnica e avaliação da compreensão verbal, realizada por profissionais da área da saúde; e) avaliação da compreensão verbal do instrumento, por uma amostra de estudantes; f) análise da consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach). Os participantes, com exceção dos especialistas, foram selecionados por conveniência. A participação dos sujeitos foi diferente em cada fase: tradutores (n = 2), retrotradução (n = 1), revisão técnica (n = 2), especialistas (n = 12), pré-teste com estudantes universitários (n = 40) e mensuração com estudantes universitários (n = 100). Resultados Poucas alterações semânticas de expressões e termos foram realizadas para adaptar-se à cultura-alvo. O nível de compreensão verbal dos participantes (especialistas e estudantes) foi superior a 90% e a análise do alfa de Cronbach correspondeu a 0,92 para todo o instrumento. Conclusão A Escala de Dependência de Jogos Eletrônicos (ESDEJE) foi submetida a tradução e adaptação para o idioma português (do Brasil), apresentando consistência interna adequada. Ademais, sugere-se a realização do processo de validação referente à equivalência de mensuração e reprodutibilidade do instrumento. Objective To evaluate the semantic equivalence and internal consistency of the Game Addiction Scale (GAS): Portuguese version. Methods The procedure consisted of the following steps: a) literature review; b) translation of the original instrument; c) back-translation; d) technical review and evaluation of verbal comprehension performed by health professionals; e) evaluation of verbal comprehension of the instrument by a sample of students; f) analysis of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). The participants, with the exception of the experts, were selected by convenience. The participation of the subjects was different in each phase: translators (n = 2), back-translation (n = 1), technical review (n = 2), specialists (n = 12), pretest with college students (n = 40) and measurement with college students (n = 100). Results Few semantic changes of expressions and terms were made to adapt to the target culture. The level of verbal comprehension of the participants (students and experts) was greater than 90% and Cronbach’s alpha analysis corresponded to 0.92 for the whole instrument. Conclusion The Escala de Dependência de Jogos Eletrônicos (ESDEJE) was submitted to translation and adaptation to Portuguese (Brazil), showing adequate internal consistency. Further, we suggest the fulfillment of the validity process concerning the equivalence of measurement and the reproducibility of the instrument.

To evaluate psychometric assessment of Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS) for Brazilian male population. The sample was composed of a control group (94 students) and a clinical group (20 eating disordered patients). Two questionnaires were applied: the FRS and the Eating Attitudes Questionnaire-26. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were collected in the control group (self-reported) and clinical group (measured). Body dissatisfaction (BD) was calculated by subtraction of ideal body (IB) from the current body (CB) score. The concurrent validity was assessed through the analysis of the correlation between the CB and BD scores and the BMI and the body weight. The discriminant validity was achieved by measurements of association between the groups studied and the scales CB, IB and BD. Reliability was assessed by the comparison of the score averages at two moments and by the intraclass coefficient correlation. The questionnaire had a correlation higher than 0.67 for the measures of weight and BMI. Regarding the CB, IB and BD scores, a significant difference was not observed between the clinical and the control group. There was no difference between the scores for BD at the two moments analyzed. The FRS is stable and capable of correlating with anthropometric measures. Nevertheless, for this population the questionnaire was unable to distinguish between the two groups analyzed.

The aim of this study is evaluate the psychometric results and validity of the Brazilian Portuguese language version of the Body Checking Cognitions Scale (BCCS). Factor analysis and concurrent validity were checked on assessments from participants with and without eating disorders. The scale had good internal consistency. Factor analysis confirmed four components. Control and Eating Disorders groups were discriminated, and results correlated well with the Eating Attitudes Test and Body Shape Questionnaire. The results for the Portuguese version of the BCCS were similar to the original version, and its use is recommended for evaluation of body-checking cognitions in the Brazilian population with or without eating disorders.

Com o crescimento das pesquisas acerca dos componentes da imagem corporal, fazem-se necessários instrumentos válidos que avaliem suas dimensões. O Body Change Inventory (BCI) avalia as estratégias adotadas para modificação do corpo entre adolescentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o processo de tradução e avaliação da equivalência semântica do BCI para a língua portuguesa. O processo envolveu as etapas de (1) tradução do questionário para o idioma português; (2) retrotradução para o inglês; (3) avaliação da equivalência semântica; e, (4) análise da compreensão verbal por especialistas e jovens brasileiros. As seis subescalas que compõem o instrumento foram traduzidas para o português. Foram realizadas adaptações na linguagem a fim de tornar o instrumento adequado à realidade brasileira. As questões foram interpretadas como de fácil compreensão tanto por especialistas quanto pelos jovens. O Questionário de Mudança Corporal encontra-se traduzido e adaptado para o idioma português, sendo ainda necessária a avaliação das equivalências operacional, de mensuração e funcional. With the increase in research on the components of Body Image, validated instruments are needed to evaluate its dimensions. The Body Change Inventory (BCI) assesses strategies used to alter body size among adolescents. The scope of this study was to describe the translation and evaluation for semantic equivalence of the BCI in the Portuguese language. The process involved the steps of (1) translation of the questionnaire to the Portuguese language; (2) back-translation to English; (3) evaluation of semantic equivalence; and (4) assessment of comprehension by professional experts and the target population. The six subscales of the instrument were translated into the Portuguese language. Language adaptations were made to render the instrument suitable for the Brazilian reality. The questions were interpreted as easily understandable by both experts and young people. The Body Change Inventory has been translated and adapted into Portuguese. Evaluation of the operational, measurement and functional equivalence are still needed. Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Faculdade de Educação Física e Desportos Laboratório de Estudos do Corpo Universidade da Califórnia Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Psiquiatria Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Depto de Ciências da Saúde UNIFESP, Depto de Ciências da Saúde SciELO

Nervous anorexia and nervous bulimia are food disturbances (FD) of difficult treatment and of rise morbidity. The Programof Food Disturbances (Ambulim) of IPq-FMUSP is the first multidisciplinary Brazilian center for the treatment, teachingand research of the area. The service is based on multidisciplinary actions integrating essentially medical, nutritional andpsychological assistance. Physical activity is considered, since there are evidences of the association of dependence toexercise with FD. We observe a slow and gradual process leading to physical, emotional and social health worsening of apatient, with a morbid refusal to gaining weight. Her personal beliefs very often are based on the fact that “to be thin”, “staythin” is the key for her personal, affective and social success. The expectation about the body spread in the contemporarysociety, characterized by a notion of perfection connected to slimness, influences the physical image, essential element theetiology of FD. The media, by their turn, offer explicit instructions about how to reach the ideal of beauty, promoting thebelief that persons can, and in fact have to, to control his physical condition and weight. The work developed by a healthprofessional with a patient who develops FD is intense and full with challenges, and must go beyond health care. It is expectedthat professionals could share their knowledge with the population, warning it about the risks and care modalitiesin order to prevent FDs to be a life style choice for young people

OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve por objetivo a adaptação transcultural do Internet Addiction Test (IAT) para o idioma português. MÉTODOS: O trabalho consistiu em cinco etapas: (1) tradução; (2) retradução; (3) revisão técnica e avaliação da equivalência semântica por profissionais da área; (4) avaliação do instrumento por uma amostra de estudantes, avaliando-se o seu grau de compreensão; e (5) análise da consistência interna por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: O instrumento foi traduzido e adaptado para o idioma português, demonstrando ser facilmente compreendido e apresentando valor de consistência interna de 0,85. CONCLUSÃO: O instrumento encontra-se traduzido e adaptado para o português e apresenta consistência interna satisfatória. São necessárias análises de equivalência de mensuração e reprodutibilidade. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) to the Portuguese language. METHODS: The translation and evaluation process consisted of five steps: (1) translation; (2) back-translation; (3) peer review and evaluation of semantic equivalency by experts; (4) instrument evaluation through a sample of students, by evaluating their understanding level; and (5) analysis of the instrument's internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha-coefficient). RESULTS: The instrument was translated and adapted to Portuguese. As shown, the Portuguese version of the IAT was easily understood and the internal consistency value was 0.85. DISCUSSION: The translated and adapted IAT displays a satisfactory internal consistency. In a further step, measurement and reproducibility analyses have to be conducted.

OBJETIVOS: traduzir e adaptar o instrumento "Children's Eating Attitude Test" (Cheat) para o idioma português, avaliar a equivalência semântica e a compreensão verbal. MÉTODOS: envolveu quatro etapas: (1) tradução, (2) retradução, (3) revisão técnica e avaliação semântica, (4) pré-teste - avaliação da compreensão verbal por especialistas em transtorno alimentar. RESULTADOS: as 26 questões foram traduzidas e adaptadas para o idioma português. A versão final constou dos mesmos 26 itens apresentando-se de forma clara e de fácil compreensão (valores médios superior a 4,5 - máximo 5,0). CONCLUSÕES: o instrumento encontra-se traduzido e adaptado para o idioma português demonstrando bons resultados no processo de adaptação transcultural. São necessárias análises de validade externa, equivalência de mensuração e reprodutibilidade. OBJECTIVES: to translate and adapt the "Children's Eating Attitude Test" (Cheat) to Portuguese and evaluate the semantic equivalence and verbal comprehension. METHODS: the process involved four stages: (1) translation, (2) back-translation, (3) technical review and semantic evaluation, (4) pre-test - evaluation of verbal comprehension by specialists in eating disorders. RESULTS: the 26 questions were translated and adapted for Portuguese. The final version contained the same 26 items presented in a clear and easy-tounderstand format (average score higher than 4.5 - maximum 5.0). CONCLUSIONS: the tool has been translated and adapted for Portuguese and the transcultural adaptation process was a success. There is still a need for analyses of external validity, measurement equivalence and reproducibility.

OBJETIVO: Apreciar a equivalência semântica e de mensuração da subescala de imagem corporal do Offer Self Image Questionnaire (OSIQ). MÉTODOS: Participaram 386 adolescentes, na faixa etária de 10 a 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, de uma escola particular de ensino fundamental e médio. Realizou-se tradução, retrotradução, revisão técnica e avaliação do instrumento. Avaliou-se a consistência interna, a validade discriminante e concorrente e a confiabilidade. RESULTADOS: O instrumento apresentou, para a consistência interna, valores que variaram de 0,43 a 0,51 e foi capaz de discriminar os grupos estudados - população total, meninos, meninas, e meninos em fase inicial de adolescência, segundo o estado nutricional (p

CONTEXTO: O Commitment Exercise Scale (CES) avalia o comprometimento, o comportamento e a atitude de pacientes com transtornos alimentares em relação ao exercício físico. OBJETIVO: Tradução e adaptação transcultural do CES para o idioma português (BRA), validação de conteúdo e análise da consistência interna. MÉTODOS: Envolveu cinco etapas: (1) tradução; (2) retradução; (3) revisão técnica e avaliação semântica; (4) validação de conteúdo por profissionais da área - juízes; (5) avaliação do instrumento por uma amostra de estudantes, por meio da avaliação do grau de compreensão e análise da consistência interna do instrumento pelo coeficiente a de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: A escala foi traduzida e adaptada, sendo considerada de fácil compreensão (grau de compreensão de 4,3 a 4,9), e demonstrou valores do coeficiente aceitáveis (a de Cronbach: 0,60 a 0,79). CONCLUSÃO: A partir do processo de adaptação transcultural, os resultados satisfatórios possibilitam a recomendação da versão brasileira do CES. São necessárias análises de validação de construto, fatorial e de reprodutibilidade. BACKGROUND: The Exercise Commitment Scale (CES) evaluates commitment, attitude and behavior regarding exercise in eating disorders patients. OBJECTIVE: Translation and cultural adaptation of the CES for Portuguese (BRA), content validation and analysis of internal consistency. METHODS: This study involved five steps: (1) translation, (2) re-translation, (3) technical review and evaluation semantics, (4) content validation by professionals - judges, (5) assessment of the instrument in a sample of students, by assessing the degree of understanding and analysis of internal consistency by Cronbach's a coefficient. RESULTS: The scale was translated and adapted. It was considered easy to understand (degree of understanding from 4.3 to 4.9) and showed acceptable consistency coefficients (Cronbach's a: 0.60 to 0.79). DISCUSSION: Satisfactory results of this adaptation process allow the recommendation of the CES Brazilian version. Analysis is needed of construct and factorial validation, and of reproducibility.

The aim of this study was to translate, validate and verify the reliability of the Body Area Scale (BAS). Participants were 386 teenagers, enrolled in a private school. Translation into Portuguese was conducted. The instrument was evaluated for internal consistency and construct validation analysis. Reproducibility was evaluated using the Wilcoxon test and the coefficient of interclass correlation. The BAS demonstrated good values for internal consistency (0.90 and 0.88) and was able to discriminate boys and girls according to nutritional state (p = 0.020 and p = 0.026, respectively). BAS scores correlated with adolescents' BMI (r = 0.14, p = 0.055; r = 0.23, p = 0.001) and WC (r =0.13, p = 0.083; r = 0.22, 0.002). Reliability was confirmed by the coefficient of inter-class correlation (0.35, p < 0.001; 0.60, p < 0.001) for boys and girls, respectively. The instrument performed well in terms of understanding and time of completion. BAS was successfully translated into Portuguese and presented good validity when applied to adolescents. O objetivo do estudo foi traduzir, validar e confirmar a confiabilidade da Escala de Áreas Corporais (EAC). Participaram 386 jovens de uma escola particular de ensino. Avaliou-se a consistência interna e a validade de constructo. Para confiabilidade, utilizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse. A EAC apresentou bons valores na consistência interna (0,90 e 0,88) e foi capaz de discriminar meninos e meninas, segundo o estado nutricional (p = 0,020 e p = 0,026), respectivamente. Correlacionou-se com o índice de massa corporal (r = 0,14, p = 0,055; r = 0,23, p = 0,001) e a circunferência da cintura (r = 0,13, p = 0,083; r = 0,22, p = 0,002). No reteste confirmou-se sua confiabilidade por meio da correlação intraclasse (0,35, p < 0,001; 0,60, p < 0,001), respectivamente para meninos e meninas. Verificou-se boa compreensão e tempo de conclusão. A EAC encontra-se traduzida, apresentando boa validade para aplicação na população adolescente.

OBJETIVO:Validar escala de insatisfação corporal para adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 386 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, entre dez e 17 anos de idade, de uma escola particular de ensino fundamental e médio, de São Bernardo do Campo, SP, em 2006. Foram realizadas tradução e adaptação cultural da "Escala de Evaluación de Insatisfación Corporal para Adolescentes" para o português. Foram avaliadas consistência interna por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, análise fatorial pelo método Varimax e validade discriminante pelas diferenças entre médias de estado nutricional, utilizando-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Na validação concorrente, calculou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman entre a escala e o índice de massa corporal, a razão circunferência quadril e a circunferência da cintura. Para reprodutibilidade, foram utilizados o teste de Wilcoxon, o coeficiente de correlação intra-classe. RESULTADOS: A escala traduzida não apresentou discordâncias significativas com a original. A escala apresentou consistência interna satisfatória para todos os subgrupos estudados (fases inicial e intermediária de adolescência, ambos os sexos) e foi capaz de discriminar os adolescentes segundo o estado nutricional. Na análise concorrente, as três medidas corporais foram correlacionadas, exceto adolescentes do sexo masculino em fase inicial, e sua reprodutibilidade foi confirmada. CONCLUSÕES: A Escala de Avaliação da Insatisfação Corporal para Adolescentes está traduzida e adaptada para o português e apresentou resultados satisfatórios, sendo recomendada para avaliação do aspecto atitudinal da imagem corporal de adolescentes. OBJECTIVE:To validate a body dissatisfaction scale for adolescents. METHODS: The study included 386 female and male adolescents aged 10 to 17 years enrolled in a private elementary and middle school in the city of São Bernardo do Campo, southeastern Brazil, in 2006. "Escala de Evaluación da Insatisfación Corporal para Adolescentes" (body dissatisfaction scale for adolescents) was translated and culturally adapted. The Portuguese instrument was evaluated for internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis with Varimax rotation, discriminant validity by comparing score means according to nutritional status (low weight, normal weight, and at risk of overweight and obesity) using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Concurrent validity was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between scores and body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference. Reproducibility was evaluated using Wilcoxon test, and intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The translated and back-translated scale showed good agreement with the original one. The translated scale had good internal consistency in all subgroups studied (males and females in early and intermediate adolescence) and was able to discriminate adolescents according to their nutritional status. In the concurrent analysis, all three measures were correlated, except for males in early adolescence. Its reproducibility was ascertained. CONCLUSIONS: The "Escala de Evaluación da Insatisfación Corporal para Adolescentes" was successfully translated into Portuguese and adapted to the Brazilian background and showed good results. It is recommended for the evaluation of the attitudinal component of body image in adolescents. OBJETIVO:Validar escala de insatisfacción corporal para adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Participaron del estudio 386 adolescentes, de ambos sexos, entre diez y 17 años de edad, de una escuela particular de enseñanza fundamental y media, de São Bernardo do Campo, Sureste de Brasil, en 2006. Fueron realizadas traducción y adaptación cultural de la "Escala de Evaluación de Insatisfacción Corporal para Adolescentes" para el portugués. Fueron evaluados consistencia interna por medio del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, análisis factorial por el método Varimax y validez discriminante por las diferencias entre promedios de estado nutricional, utilizándose la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. En la validación concurrente, se calculó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman entre la escala y el índice de masa corporal, la razón circunferencia cuadril y la circunferencia de la cintura. Para reproducibilidad, fueron utilizados la prueba de Wilcoxon, el coeficiente de correlación intra-clase. RESULTADOS: La escala traducida no presentó discordancias significativas con la original. La escala presentó consistencia interna satisfactoria para todos los subgrupos estudiados (fases inicial y final de adolescencia, ambos sexos) y fue capaz de discriminar los adolescentes según el estado nutricional. En el análisis concurrente, las tres medidas corporales fueron correlacionadas, excepto adolescentes del sexo masculino en fase inicial, y su reproducibilidad fue confirmada. CONCLUSIONES: La Escala de Evaluación de la Insatisfacción Corporal para Adolescentes esta traducida para el portugués y presentó resultados satisfactorios, siendo recomendada para evaluación del aspecto de la actitud de la imagen corporal de adolescentes.

This study aimed to examine construct validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility of the Body Change Questionnaire (BCQ). A total of 439 female and male adolescents (13-22 years of age) were evaluated. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis and correlation between the scores of the BCQ and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and Scale Silhouettes (SS). Reliability was assessed through internal consistency and reproducibility using test-retest and intra-class correlation. The scale presented a six-factor structure that almost entirely accounted for the instrument's subscales. Correlations for the total sample between BCQ and scores of the other questionnaires ranged from 0.37 to 0.46. Internal consistency varied from 0.78 to 0.96 for each of the factors, and intra-class correlation was consistent with good reproducibility. The test-retest scores showed no statistically significant differences for the total sample or according to sex. The BCQ showed good psychometric qualities for Brazilian adolescents.

The objective was evaluating the psychometric properties of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ–3) among Brazilian young adults of both genders. The sample was composed by 506 undergraduate students (295 females and 211 males), aged between 17 and 29 years old. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used for construct validity (N = 506). Correlations between the SATAQ–3 scores and those of the Tripartite Influence Scale (TIS) and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were used for convergent validity. Reliability was assessed through internal consistency (α) and reproducibility (test-retest) through comparison of the means obtained at two different time points and through intra-class correlation. The scale presented a factor structure composed of five factors, replicated in the confirmatory factor analysis with satisfactory values for the measurements of adjustment to the model. Correlations with the BSQ and TIS scores were rho = .52 and rho = –.35, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were satisfactory, and their stability was demonstrated. Brazilian SATAQ–3 had good validity and reproducibility, being indicated for use in samples of Brazilian youths.

The scope of this article is to evaluate the body image of adolescents from rural cities and its relationship with nutritional status, sex and the adolescent phase. Adolescents of both sexes participated in the cross-sectional study. Body image was evaluated through the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Figure Rating Scale (FRS) for adolescents. Weight and height were measured for the evaluation of body mass index (BMI). Stages of adolescence were classified by age. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted. Four hundred and forty-five adolescents (190 boys and 255 girls), with a mean age of 16.44 comprised the sample. Higher risk of body dissatisfaction was found among overweight and obese participants (BSQ: OR = 3.359 p0.001; ESA: OR = 1.572 p = 0.387) and the female sex (BSQ: OR = 3.694 p0.001; ESA: OR = 0.922, p = 0.840). Participants from the intermediary and final stages of adolescence revealed a lesser risk of dissatisfaction compared to those from the initial phase. Body dissatisfaction was related to overweight and obesity, to the female sex and to the initial period of adolescence. Intervention research is required to control the factors that influence excessive adolescent body dissatisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: Adapt and validate the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Body Checking and Avoidance Questionnaire (BCAQ). METHODS: The study consisted of: translation and back translation; technical review and assessment of semantic equivalences, factor analysis and discriminant and concurrent validity in a sample of subjects with and without eating disorders. RESULTS: The instrument was adapted and was found to be easy to understand (mean scores higher than 3.4; maximum score: 5.0) and showed excellent concordance (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.94). Factor analysis identified five components with eigenvalues greater than 1. It was able to discriminate the two groups (p

This study aimed to describe the translation into Brazilian Portuguese and the analysis of conceptual, semantic, and instrumental equivalences and assessment of internal consistency of the Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS). The study included the steps of (1) translation; (2) synthesis of translation; (3) back-translation; (4) review by experts - judges - analysis of the semantic and instrumental equivalences; (5) pre-test - assessment of verbal understanding of the instrument by specialists and male students; (6) analysis of the internal consistency by Cronbach's α coefficient. The MBDS was translated and adapted into Brazilian Portuguese maintaining its original 25 items, showed good verbal comprehension, and had an internal consistency coefficient of 0.92. The scale was translated and adapted with satisfactory results, thus confirming its initial psychometric qualities. The instrument requires further analysis of internal and external validity, and reproducibility.

With the increase in research on the components of Body Image, validated instruments are needed to evaluate its dimensions. The Body Change Inventory (BCI) assesses strategies used to alter body size among adolescents. The scope of this study was to describe the translation and evaluation for semantic equivalence of the BCI in the Portuguese language. The process involved the steps of (1) translation of the questionnaire to the Portuguese language; (2) back-translation to English; (3) evaluation of semantic equivalence; and (4) assessment of comprehension by professional experts and the target population. The six subscales of the instrument were translated into the Portuguese language. Language adaptations were made to render the instrument suitable for the Brazilian reality. The questions were interpreted as easily understandable by both experts and young people. The Body Change Inventory has been translated and adapted into Portuguese. Evaluation of the operational, measurement and functional equivalence are still needed.

This study aimed to describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) into Brazilian Portuguese. The methodology involved the following stages: (1) translation of the questionnaire into Portuguese; (2) back-translation into English; (3) meeting with experts to prepare a draft version; (4) assessment of verbal understanding of the draft by experts and by a sample of the target population; and (5) analysis of the tool's internal consistency, using Cronbach's alpha. The questionnaire was translated into Portuguese, and the scale's final version included 30 items, as in the original. Both the experts and target population members assessed all the items as easy to understand. Internal consistency was satisfactory, reaching 0.91 for the scale as a whole. The questionnaire has now been translated and adapted into Portuguese, with evidence of clear understanding and internal consistency. However, it is still necessary to assess its measurement equivalence, external validity, and reproducibility.

The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the Tripartite Influence Scale to the Portuguese language and evaluate its content validity and internal consistency. Six steps included: (1) translation; (2) back-translation; (3) technique revision and semantic evaluation; (4) conduct validation by professional experts (judges); (5) assessment of comprehensibility by the target population, using a verbal rating scale; and (6) evaluation of the internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The 43 questions were translated and adapted to the Portuguese language. The final version consisted of 39 items, with content validity for three constructs (media, family, and friends), clarity and easy understanding, and good internal agreement (Cronbach's alpha coefficients0.80). The instrument was successfully translated and adapted to Portuguese and showed good content validity, verbal comprehensibility, and internal consistency. Further analysis of external validity, equivalence of measurement, and reproducibility are necessary.

The aim of this study was to evaluate perceptions, barriers, and characteristics of teaching materials to promote healthy eating, as described by teenagers. Four focus groups were conducted with 25 adolescents, including questions on: perceptions regarding diet and motivations to change; concepts of (and barriers to) healthy eating; and characteristics needed for teaching materials to promote healthy eating. The teens were often undecided when attempting to classify a diet as healthy. They generally reported feeling insecure about making dietary changes, but showed adequate notions of healthy eating. The main barriers involved personal and social characteristics: temptation, food flavors, parental influence, and lack of time and options for healthy snacks at school. According to these teenagers, educational materials for promotion of healthy eating should emphasize the immediate benefits and emphasize high-impact messages on the health risks of unhealthy diet.

To evaluate the semantic and measure equivalence of the body image sub-scale of the Offer Self Image Questionnaire (OSIQ).Participants were 386 teenagers, 10 to 18 years old, both sexes, enrolled in a private school (junior and high school age). Translation, back-translation, technique revision and evaluation were conducted. The Portuguese instrument was evaluated for internal consistency, discriminate and concurrent validity.Internal consistency showed values from 0.43 to 0.54 and was able to discriminate all groups studied--the whole population, boys and girls, and boys in early adolescence, by nutritional status (p0.001; p0.009; p=0.030; p=0.043, respectively). Concurrent analyses showed significant correlation with anthropometric measures only for girls (r=-0.16 and p=0.021; r=-0.19 and p=0.007), early adolescence (r=-0.23 and p=0.008; r=-0.26 and p=0.003) and intermediate adolescence (r=-0.29 and p=0.010) and the retest confirmed reliability by the coefficient of interclass correlation. Although the instrument has proven its ability to discriminate between the groups studied by nutritional state, other results were less satisfactory. More studies are necessary for full transcultural adaptation, including the application of other comparative scales.The body image sub-scale of the OSIQ was translated, but the results are not promising and require more studies.

The aim of this article is to verify the perception of the young about the relation between the media, especially the TV and magazine access and the body of the adolescent. It is a cross-section study carried out with 121 adolescents of a private school in São Paulo. A semi-structured individual interview was applied and recorded in magnetic ribbon using the methodology of the discourse of the collective subject based in the concept of social representation. The data were tabulated using three methodological approaches: central idea; key expressions and discourse of the collective subjective. The discourses of adolescents were evaluated, indicating that 95% of central ideas expressed relations among TV, magazines and the body and the most common ideas were about the stimulation of the thinness ideal physicist and the negative influence with hazard experience and illnesses appear. In 5% of central ideas registered no relation among TV, magazines and the body. We could conclude that young people show the knowledge about the intense media's interference in the adolescent body.

To validate a body dissatisfaction scale for adolescents.The study included 386 female and male adolescents aged 10 to 17 years enrolled in a private elementary and middle school in the city of São Bernardo do Campo, southeastern Brazil, in 2006. 'Escala de Evaluación da Insatisfación Corporal para Adolescentes' (body dissatisfaction scale for adolescents) was translated and culturally adapted. The Portuguese instrument was evaluated for internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis with Varimax rotation, discriminant validity by comparing score means according to nutritional status (low weight, normal weight, and at risk of overweight and obesity) using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Concurrent validity was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between scores and body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference. Reproducibility was evaluated using Wilcoxon test, and intraclass correlation coefficient.The translated and back-translated scale showed good agreement with the original one. The translated scale had good internal consistency in all subgroups studied (males and females in early and intermediate adolescence) and was able to discriminate adolescents according to their nutritional status. In the concurrent analysis, all three measures were correlated, except for males in early adolescence. Its reproducibility was ascertained.The 'Escala de Evaluación da Insatisfación Corporal para Adolescentes' was successfully translated into Portuguese and adapted to the Brazilian background and showed good results. It is recommended for the evaluation of the attitudinal component of body image in adolescents.

Apresento, neste trabalho, a partir de uma visada historiografica, um passeio pela historia da filosofia da linguagem e dos estudos linguisticos objetivando discutir como elementos enunciativos podem contribuir para o argumento de que a questao da representacao pode (ou nao) afetar, em termos semânticos, a producao de significacao.

In this article we aim to analyze the drama lived by the characters Maria and the Bird/Amado. We selected scenes from the first season of the series Hoje e dia de Maria. Focusing our attention on these two characters, we have selected a clip of the material to ana­lyze (video and written text) as the corpus for study. With this clip, we emphasize the element of “enchantment” in order to explain the relationships presented and the role of history and memory in the discursive process present in the four episodes of the series. In order to work within the theory of fictional narrative according to French Discourse Analysis, our analysis considers the series script as a literary text (in the sense used by Barthes).

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar os construtos do conceito imagem corporal presentes nos discursos dos adolescentes e relacioná-los à produção nacional. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um estudo exploratório transversal com adolescentes, em uma instituição particular de ensino do ABC paulista. Aplicou-se uma entrevista semi-estruturada, utilizando-se a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, embasada no conceito das Representações Sociais. A tabulação dos dados ocorreu por meio da utilização de três figuras metodológicas: idéia central, expressões-chave e o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Nos depoimentos de 121 jovens, foram registradas 200 expressões-chave que foram agrupadas em seis idéias centrais: 1) aspecto afetivo (31,5 %); 2) aspecto cognitivo (29,5 %); 3) aspecto descritivo (20,5 %); 4) "normal" (9,0 %); 5) aspecto comportamental (8,50 %) e 6) dependente da situação (1,0 %). Conclui-se pelos Discursos do Sujeito Coletivo que o conceito de imagem corporal é multidimensional, apresentando-se de forma equilibrada quanto aos aspectos afetivo, cognitivo e descritivo. Em pesquisas envolvendo o tema imagem corporal, é necessário esclarecer qual o aspecto a ser avaliado, para assim optar-se pelo melhor instrumento.

O conceito de cidadania entendido como o gozo de direitos e desempenho de deveres, de comprometimento com a realidade social e com a sua transformação, inicia-se quando direitos e deveres passam a ser percebido como dois lados da mesma moeda. Isso torna-se possível quando jovens, saindo de uma posição passiva, passam a assumir o seu papel como agentes de mudança social. A equipe de professores de uma Escola da Rede Particular de Ensino, integrando nas intenções pedagógicas de seu currículo a educação política, desenvolveu um estudo de campo envolvendo a conceituação de cidadania e democracia, que culminou com o desenvolvimento de atividades na Câmara dos Vereadores do município de Santo André. Cerca de 100 alunos da 1ª série do Ensino Médio participaram ativamente da sessão da Câmara, conhecendo a rotina do poder legislativo municipal, por meio do exercício democrático, considerado como base fundamental para a educação política. Desta forma, a equipe de professores pode cumprir uma das metas principais: a educação cidadã. O aluno teve contato com a teoria política e análise de sua realidade social imediata, descobrindo a necessidade de participação social e política consciente e de sua responsabilidade social frente às demandas em uma sociedade em constante transformação.

Sérios problemas comportamentais envolvendo hábitos alimentares, com repercussão na percepção da imagem corporal, tornam-se cada vez mais comuns. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a percepção da insatisfação da imagem corporal de um grupo de adolescentes. Pesquisou-se jovens de uma Instituição de Rede Particular de Ensino Fundamental, de 10 a 14 anos, de ambos os sexos. Para análise de dados utilizou-se como critério a idade, transformada em fase de maturação sexual. Para avaliar a percepção da imagem corporal aplicou-se escala de satisfação adaptada, composta por 15 áreas corporais. Registrou-se para meninos, maior insatisfação para peso corporal, cintura e estômago e meninas para peso corporal, tórax/seio e estômago. Na associação entre insatisfação corporal e maturação corporal, as áreas significantes foram, para os meninos, ombro/costas e para as meninas, rosto, cabelo, quadril, estômago, cintura, tórax/seio, tônus muscular, altura e aspectos gerais. Conclui-se que meninas pós-púberes mostraram-se mais suscetíveis à manifestação da insatisfação corporal quando comparadas aos seus pares.