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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as the starting point of the secretory pathway, where approximately one-third of the proteins are correctly folded and modified, loaded into vesicles, and transported to the Golgi for further processing and modification. In this process, COPII vesicles are responsible for transporting cargo proteins from the ER to the Golgi. Here, we identified the inner shell subunit of COPII vesicles (MoSec24B) and explored the importance of MoSec24B in the rice blast fungus. The targeted disruption of MoSec24B led to decreased growth, reduced conidiation, restricted glycogen and lipids utilization, sensitivity to the cell wall and hypertonic stress, the failure of septin-mediated repolarization of appressorium, impaired appressorium turgor pressure, and decreased ability to infect, which resulted in reduced pathogenicity to the host plant. Furthermore, MoSec24B functions in the three mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways by acting with MoMst50. Deletion of MoSec24B caused reduced lipidation of MoAtg8, accelerated degradation of exogenously introduced GFP-MoAtg8, and increased lipidation of MoAtg8 upon treatment with a late inhibitor of autophagy (BafA1), suggesting that MoSec24B regulates the fusion of late autophagosomes with vacuoles. Together, these results suggest that MoSec24B exerts a significant role in fungal development, the pathogenesis of filamentous fungi and autophagy.

Additional file 1.

DNA repair mechanisms have been proven to be essential for cells, and abnormalities in DNA repair could cause various diseases, such as cancer. However, the diversity and complexity of DNA repair mechanisms obscure the functions of DNA repair in cancers. In addition, the relationships between DNA repair, the tumor mutational burden (TMB), and immune infiltration are still ambiguous. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic values of various types of DNA repair mechanisms and found that double-strand break repair through single-strand annealing (SSA) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) was the most prognostic DNA repair processes in gastric cancer (GC) patients. Based on the activity of these two approaches and expression profiles, we constructed a HR-LR model, which could accurately divide patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with different probabilities of survival and recurrence. Similarly, we also constructed a cancer-normal model to estimate whether an individual had GC or normal health status. The prognostic value of the HR-LR model and the accuracy of the cancer-normal model were validated in several independent datasets. Notably, low-risk samples, which had higher SSA and NHEJ activities, had more somatic mutations and less immune infiltration. Furthermore, the analysis found that low-risk samples had higher and lower methylation levels in CpG islands (CGIs) and open sea regions respectively, and had higher expression levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and lower methylation levels in the promoter of the gene encoding PD-L1. Moreover, low-risk samples were characterized primarily by higher levels of CD4+ memory T cells, CD8+ naive T cells, and CD8+ TEM cells than those in high-risk samples. Finally, we proposed a decision tree and nomogram to help predict the clinical outcome of an individual. These results provide an improved understanding of the complexity of DNA repair, the TMB, and immune infiltration in GC, and present an accurate prognostic model for use in GC patients.

Additional file 1: Supplementary 1. Image preprocessing. Supplementary 2. Radiomics Features. Supplementary 3. the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Algorithm. Supplementary 4. Decision Curve Analysis (DCA). Supplementary 5. Radiomic Features Selected by LASSO Regularization.

Supplemental Document

BackgroundPatients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) have a high frequency of stroke recurrence. However, there has been little investigation into the prognostic value of higher-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI).PurposeTo investigate the use of intracranial atherosclerotic plaques features in predicting risk of recurrent cerebrovascular ischemic events using HR-MRI.Study typeProspective.PopulationFifty-eight patients with acute/subacute stroke (N=46) or transient ischemic attack (N=12).Field strength/sequenceA 3.0 T, 3D time-of-flight gradient echo sequence and T1- and T2-weighted fast spin echo sequences with 0.31 x 0.39 mm2 in-plane resolution, twice (with >3 months between scans) following the initial event.AssessmentPatients were also followed clinically for recurrent ischemic events for up to 48 months or until a subsequent event occurred. The degree of stenosis, plaque burden (PB), minimal lumen area (MLA), and contrast enhancement ratio were assessed at each scanning session and the percentage change of each over time was calculated.Statistical testsUnivariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for predicting recurrent events.ResultsThe mean time interval between baseline and follow-up MRI scans was 6.2 ± 4.1 months. After the second MRI scan, 20.7% of patients (N=12) had experienced ipsilateral recurrent TIA/stroke within 10.9 ± 9.2 months. Univariable analyses showed that baseline triglyceride, percentage change of PB, and progression of PB were significantly associated with recurrent events (all P

Supplemental Material for Epidemiology of Childhood Trauma and Analysis of Influencing Factors in Psychiatric Disorders Among Chinese Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study by Jianbo Liu, Xiujin Lin,Yanmei Shen, Yuanyue Zhou, Yuqiong He, Tiantian Meng, Xilong Cui, Bo Xiao, Jianping Lu, Xiangyang Zhang and Xuerong Luo, in Journal of Interpersonal Violence

With China’s urbanization rate researches 56.1% in 2015, the limitation of the city scale and retrofitting the existing building became the social consensus. According to incomplete survey, there are 400~600 billion m2 existing buildings in China and only less than 10% can be rated as the energy efficiency building, with considerable interest and activity in green retrofit design and construction. We review briefly the context of existing building retrofit design and construction in China. Next we look at a specific project as an example of a high performance, sustainable retrofit design, the Green E-Park, in the typical old downtown area of Shanghai China. Based on the climate condition, cultural characteristics and old industrial features, the retrofit of Green E-Park improves the quality of the indoor environment, building performance and utilization of the renewable energy source. And most importantly, the retrofit of the Green E-Park is not only limited in the building, but also takes the community retrofit into the consideration which includes a series of community sustainable retrofit planning technology. We also comment on the unique planning and design process, which incorporated passive strategies throughout the building, and has led to high occupant satisfaction and remarkably low retrofit cost. Lastly we present thoughts on how the retrofit philosophy of the Green E-Park can be a guide for sustainable retrofit in different climate regions throughout China and elsewhere

BACKGROUND:Intraluminal thrombus (ILT) signal intensity on MRI has been studied as a potential marker of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression. PURPOSE:1) To characterize the relationship between ILT signal intensity and AAA diameter; 2) to evaluate ILT change over time; and 3) to assess the relationship between ILT features and AAA growth. STUDY TYPE:Prospective. SUBJECTS:Eighty AAA patients were imaged, and a subset (n = 41) were followed with repeated MRI for 16 ± 9 months. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE:3D black-blood fast-spin-echo sequence at 3 T. ASSESSMENT:ILT was designated as "bright" if the signal was greater than 1.2 times that of adjacent psoas muscle. AAAs were divided into three groups based on ILT: Type 1: bright ILT; Type 2: isointense ILT; Type 3: no ILT. During follow-up, an active ILT change was defined as new ILT formation or an increase in ILT signal intensity to bright; stable ILT was defined as no change in ILT type or ILT became isointense from bright previously. STATISTICAL TESTS:Shapiro-Wilk test; Mann-Whitney U-test; Fisher's exact test; Kruskal-Wallis test; Spearman's r; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cohen's kappa. RESULTS:AAAs with Type 1 ILT were larger than those with Types 2 and 3 ILT (5.1 ± 1.1 cm, 4.4 ± 0.9 cm, 4.2 ± 0.8 cm, P = 0.008). The growth rate of AAAs with Type 1 ILT was significantly greater than that of AAAs with Types 2 and 3 ILT (2.6 ± 2.5, 0.6 ± 1.3, 1.5 ± 0.6 mm/year, P = 0.01). During follow-up, AAAs with active ILT changes had a 3-fold increased growth rate compared with AAAs with stable ILT (3.6 ± 3.0 mm/year vs. 1.2 ± 1.5 mm/year, P = 0.008). DATA CONCLUSION:AAAs with bright ILT are larger in diameter and grow faster. Active ILT change is associated with faster AAA growth. Black-blood MRI can characterize ILT features and monitor their change over time, which may provide new insights into AAA risk assessment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:2 Technical Efficacy Stage: 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:994-1001.

In this paper, a facile synthetic approach to prepare CdTe quantum dots(QDs) with high luminescence via a one-pot microwave irradiation reaction route using 3-mercaptopropionic acid(MPA) as both a sodium tellurite reducer and a capping molecule was described, and the mechanism of the formation of CdTe QDs was elucidated. In this approach, CdTe QDs with six different emission wavelengths of 553, 567, 577, 595, 608 and 615 nm were obtained via changing the refluxing time and the quantum yields(QY) of these QDs were 40.6%, 55.3%, 63.6%, 43.4%, 37.4% and 29.7%, respectively. The characterization results of X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) indicate that the obtained QDs have a pure cubic zinc blended structure with a spherical shape. No toxic gases were released during the preparation process, indicating that the method is relatively fast, cheap and environmentally friendly.

Lu Jianping examines the apparent divide between popular public support for capital punishment at the legislative level and the resistance to judicial rulings in special cases. Lu concludes with some reflection on the changing contexts in which public opinion is shaped and deployed.

In this paper, a PV-Trombe wall (PV-TW) installed in a fenestrated room with heat storage is investigated to approach the practical application of PV-TW. Based on an updated mathematical model, theoretical simulation has been conducted for PV-TW in this case. Furthermore, field testing for this case has also been performed to validate the model, and then the simulated and experimental results are compared and found in considerably good agreement. The testing results show that a significant indoor temperature increase can be obtained in a fenestrated room with PV-TW and heat storage. Meanwhile, the experimental daily average electrical efficiency of this PV-TW can reach 10.4%.

A novel Trombe wall with PV cells is presented in this paper. A two-dimensional model of PV glass panel and a model of the PV-Trombe wall system are established. The temperature distribution and electrical performance of the PV-Trombe wall system are also obtained. Results show that according to the measured weather data and the special simulation condition, the temperature difference between the elements with and without PV cell on the glass panel reaches a maximum value of 10.6 ∘ C; the temperature difference between the room with and without PV-Trombe wall reaches a maximum value of 12.3 ∘ C during 3 days; after 7 days’ operation, the all-day temperature of the room with PV-Trombe wall retains at about 13.4 ∘ C and an increase of 5.00% for the electrical efficiency can be achieved.

Unlike the USA, China has few overseas military commitments, and therefore is not concerned that its troops may one day come under International Criminal Court (ICC) jurisdiction. Moreover, China is not in a position to pressurize other countries to sign bilateral agreements as the USA has done. Whether or not China eventually accedes to the Rome Statute, it cannot avoid the jurisdiction of the ICC in other parts of the world. There are five main reasons for China`s opposition to the ICC. First, its jurisdiction is not based on the principle of voluntary acceptance; furthermore, complementarity gives the ICC the power to judge whether a state is able or willing to conduct proper trials of its own nationals. Secondly, also war crimes in internal armed conflicts fall under the jurisdiction of the ICC. Thirdly, crimes against humanity are prohibited in time of peace as well. Fourthly, the inclusion of the crime of aggression within the jurisdiction of the ICC weakens the power of the UN Security Council. Fifthly, the proprio motu power of the Prosecutor may make the ICC open to political influence. The authors try to show how all these objections can be legally met and set forth a series of considerations that would make China`s participation in the Court a welcome development in China`s national and international interests. They finally argue that the Chinese government should take an open attitude, taking into consideration the Court`s actual performance, and should not, therefore, exclude the possibility of acceding at an appropriate time to the ICC Statute.

Hepatoma cases (N=130) were analyzed through histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. There were 99 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 15 cholangiocarcinoma (CC), and 16 combined HCC and CC (HCC+CC). The clinical features and the cases accompanied with hepatitis and/or liver cirrhosis in the non-tumor liver tissue of HCC+CC Group were between HCC Group and CC Group. Histologically, there were 4 cases with trabecular, 4 with pseudoglandula, 3 with solid type in HCC+CC Group. In these 11 cases, the CC area was less than 10% of the neoplasm. The cases were classified as HCC+CC type I. There was no obvious stroma fibrosis. The rest 5 cases of HCC+CC showed tubular carcinoma. The CC area took up over 10% of the tumor. These cases were designed as HCC+CC type II. There was significant fibrosis in the stroma so that its CC area is indistinguishable from that of CC cases. The CC area of all HCC+CC cases was positive to mucin and EMA staining, the same to that of CC cases. Near 70% of the HCC+CC cases had intracytoplasmic glycogen in the HCC area. The HCC area was mucin and EMA negative, similar to that of HCC cases. We also observed transition areas between HCC and CC in both of the type I and type II HCC+CC cases. The areas were mucin negative but EMA positive. We concluded that HCC+CC had HCC and CC area, with the characteristics of HCC of CC respectively. Histochemical mucin staining and immunohistochemical EMA staining were valuable in detection and diagnosis of the HCC+CC.

MRS 2006 Fall Meeting, Nov 27-Dec 1, 2006, Boston, MA

229th American Chemical Society National Meeting, March 13-17, 2005, San Diego

The Chinese character prototypes was described on the theory of the topological theory, and the relationship of Chinese character prototypes and topologic basis was established. Applying topology to prove that all Chinese characters can be combined from Chinese character prototypes through some combinational structures, a theoretical proof for character-making of Chinese characters was provided. Regarding the different subsets of Chinese characters, a theoretical proof was given to the problem that how to choose prototype sets in the different subsets of Chinese characters without causing any conflicts. The intelligent character-making experiment confirms the validity and feasibility of the theory of Chinese character prototypes.

Some new concepts about modus ponens (MP) are discussed. Should the inference rule of MP be the logic implication A/spl rarr/B? Should the consequence of MP be B? Negative answers are arrived at. The inference rule should be the conditional B|A and the consequence should be A/spl and/B. These corrections are especially important for generalized modus ponens (GMP).

The structural and electronic properties of germanium clathrates Ge$_{46}$ and K$_8$Ge$_{46}$ are studied by first principles calculations within the local density approximation. The equilibrium structures are obtained by {\em ab initio} pseudopotential calculation combined with dynamic minimizations. The clathrate structure is found as a low energy phase for germanium. The electronic band structures for Ge$_{46}$ clathrates are calculated and the band gap is found to be considerably larger than that of the diamond phase. Due to the effect of pentagonal rings, strong similarity in electronic properties between clathrate and Ge$_{24}$ fullerene structure are found. The effect of doping clathrate cages with metal atoms are examined. The K$_8$Ge$_{46}$ clathrate is found to be metallic with the conduction bands only slightly modified by K dopants., 7 pages, 6 figures

Au cours du mois de septembre 2008, a ete constatee, en Chine, une epidemie de maladie renale due a la contamination de lait infantile par la melamine (scandale de Sanlu). Six enfants sont morts et plus de 290 000 autres ont ete malades a la suite de l’absorption de lait contamine. Cette tragedie reflete la situation difficile reservee a la securite alimentaire en Chine, dans un contexte d’economie de nature mixte, marquee, en ce qui concerne la production et la distribution des produits alimentaires, par la faiblesse de la reglementation et des organes de controle preventif. Afin d’ameliorer la protection legale de la securite alimentaire, le Parlement chinois a adopte, le 28 fevrier 2009, une nouvelle « Loi sur la securite alimentaire ». Ce texte met en place un systeme de surveillance, des standards de securite, un suivi strict des additifs, le rappel des produits defectueux ainsi que de severes punitions pour les contrevenants. Une commission nationale est, par ailleurs, instituee sous l’autorite directe du Conseil des affaires d’Etat pour veiller a la surete alimentaire. L’adoption de la nouvelle Loi ainsi que la creation de cette commission nationale illustrent l’importance accordee au renforcement de la protection de la securite alimentaire par le biais de mesures de nature principalement administrative et penale. Au regard de l’ancienne « Loi sur l’hygiene alimentaire », cette nouvelle « Loi sur la securite alimentaire » constitue incontestablement un reel progres, mais un long chemin reste encore a parcourir avant que cette loi ne devienne un cadre legal solide pour la protection de la securite alimentaire en Chine.