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Congenital obstructive uropathy is a rare cause of ascites in infants. Majority of reported cases of genitourinary causes of ascites were due to posterior urethral valve. Here, we report a 6-month-old boy who presented with progressive tense ascites and peritonitis attributed by unilateral left distal ureteric obstruction and acute pyonephrosis. He underwent left nephrostomy placement, after which there was a remarkable improvement of ascites. He then underwent left ureteral diversion procedure a month later with a tentative plan for ureteral reanastomosis in 6 months. To date, there are no reports describing ascites secondary to distal ureteric obstruction beyond the neonatal period. The objective of this case report is to highlight unilateral urinary tract obstruction as a potential cause of transudative ascites. Additionally, the superimposed infection in the obstructed collecting system can lead to acute peritonitis likely due to translocation of bacteria into the peritoneal cavity.

Water quality is one of the most important criteria that not only affect crop growth but also its proper management can lead to sustainable yields and improved soil health. Hence, the current study was conducted to explain the quality of groundwater for irrigation. For this, random sampling of water was carried out in 5 tehsils of district Chakwal including Talagang, Chakwal, Lawa, Kallar Kahar, and Choa Sedan Shah for a period of five years. Three parameters including EC (μS/cm), RSC (meq/L), and SAR were considered for assessing the quality of groundwater of district Chakwal. About 343 water samples from tehsil Talagang, 86 from Lawa, 989 from Chakwal, 27 from Choa Sedan Shah, and 134 from Kallar Kahar were collected. Maximum range of EC (220-26500), SAR (0.00-75.57) and RSC (0.00-12.80) was observed in Tehsil Chakwal. According to water quality parameters, samples showed higher fitness in RSC in comparison to SAR and EC in all tehsils. For instance, in tehsil Choa Saidan Shah fit water samples were 97.87%, while in Kallar Kahar 86.56%, Talagang 90.08%, Lawa 90.69%, and Chakwal 82.40%. Finally classifying the water samples on the three quality parameters EC (μS/cm), RSC (meq/L), and SAR revealed that 54.28% of water samples were found unfit. Based on the presented data, it could be recommended that in tehsils where the quality parameters are poor, the water needs to be reclamation for sustained crop production and improved soil health.

Employees are the most valuable part of every organization in the world, and the success of the organization depends on how well its employees do their jobs. Nowadays, commercial banks in Bangladesh are growing overwhelmingly, so the competition is enhancing one bank to another. Employee performance at the firm level and workplace productivity has not been empirically studied in the context of Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to find out the variables that affect how well employees at banking institutions in Bangladesh do their jobs. People who worked in private banks in Bangladesh were the focus of this study and the final sample size was 250. The sample size was suitable for quantitative regression analysis. The questionnaire was sent to the e-mail ids of employees, and the questionnaires were adopted from the previous studies. To test the model and hypothesis, SPSS is used to analyze collected data in this study. The regression analysis was duly run with using the SPSS 26.0 version. The study shows that competence, compensation, leadership, and motivation have a big and good effect on how well employees do their jobs in regard to private commercial banks in Bangladesh. So, bank authorities should identify the factors influencing the improvement of the performance of bank employees, and they need to focus on employee productivity-enhancing activities.

Objective: To determine the effects of Sitagliptin on pre-hypertensive type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: This Quasi-Experimental study was conducted at Medical inpatient and outpatient department and Diabetic Clinic of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from February 2019 till January 2020. A total of 146 patients were included in study. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded at baseline and then at 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment. Patients were called for follow up at 3 and 6 months, their BP was checked and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was also sent to check for glycemic control. At 12 months, final follow up was called. BP and HbA1c of every patient were checked and recorded. The blood pressure values at baseline, 3 months, 6months and 12 months were comparatively analyzed by using a paired t-test and p-value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Total 146 patients of type-2 diabetes with HbA1c ≤ 9 % not taking sitagliptin previously were selected for this study. Mean age of the patients was 57.5±10.7 years. Total 93(63.7%) were males and 53(36.3%) females. There was statistical difference of HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values (p

The treatment of children receives after experiencing sexual abuse incidents often results in acts of child maltreatment from the family, community, and school. This child maltreatment indicates that there has been a neglect of the well-being of children after experiencing sexual abuse incidents. This study aims to explain and analyze cases, treatment, and conditions in a group of girls after experiencing sexual abuse incidents. Because so far there are only a few studies that pay special attention to the condition of children after experiencing sexual abuse incidents. This study is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out through the process of reading online news using the search keyword "Sexual abuse against children in Indonesia" through the Google search engine. This study shows that the child maltreatment that children receive after experiencing sexual abuse incidents appears in the form of expulsion of children from their homes, being dismissed from school, and being forced to marry the perpetrators. This context is clear evidence that the welfare of children after experiencing sexual abuse incidents has been ignored by their social communities. This study also recommends the importance of comparative studies of cases, treatment, and conditions of children after experiencing sexual abuse incidents by interviewing groups of girls and boys who are more empirical.

Crop yields are highly affected due to physiochemical properties of soil and climatic conditions of the region. The yield of the crop is drastically impacted in terms of final economic product due to problems which occurs in life cycle of the plant under the stress conditions like, stunted growth, permanent wilting, and delay in leaf initiation as well as oxidative stresses at molecular level. Maize (Zea mays L.), widely used as staple food has an ample amount of fats and fibres. Salt stress decreases maize yield and in this regard a hydroponic study was carried out to screen maize genotypes against two salinity stress levels i.e., 10 mol m-3 NaCl and 100 mol m-3 NaCl under hydroponic conditions. Nine (09) hybrid genotypes, i.e., Pioneer 3335 (V1), Pioneer 32F10 (V2), Syngenta 8441 (V3), Pioneer: 33H25 (V4), Pioneer: 3233 (V5), Monsanto 6142 (V6), Syngenta 8711 (V7), Monsanto 6528 (V8), Pioneer 31P41 (V9) were selected for experiment. Statistically, the analysis showed the highest root-shoot length, root fresh-dry weight, and shoot fresh-dry weight with V3 (Syngenta 8441) and the minimum with V1 (Pioneer 3335). The results showed that root length increased by 35% shoot length increased by 34% while total length was enhanced by 34% in syngenta 8441. The results clearly depicted that the best suited variety for salt affected areas can be recommended as Syngenta 8441 whereas the least tolerant was Pioneer 3335 in terms of physiological, physical, and growth characteristics.

Bio-organic fertilizers can improve soil health and maintain microbial activity. The application of Aspergillus spp. can degrade organic matter, promote plant growth, and improve soil health by accelerating soil nutrients and biological activity. Previously, Aspergillus spp. has shown potential in phosphate solubilization and siderophore production. Still, a study gap remains, and focus has been placed on clarifying the impact of Aspergillus sp. AS2022 on soil microbial biomass and soil nutrient acceleration. For this purpose, a pot experiment was established with four different treatments: cow compost (CC), cow compost + AS2022 (CA), AS2022 (AS) strain only and control-only soil (CK). The amount of cow compost used was 180 mg N kg-1. Results revealed that inoculation of AS2022 with cow compost stimulated nitrogen mineralization and enhanced available nitrogen and accelerated the soil enzyme activities, which proposed that it could contribute to wheat crop production through the initial and later phases of plant growth. Although a single application of AS2022 enhances plant growth compared to the control, it might be the release of secondary metabolites. However, our short-term findings showed that the combined application of beneficial fungal strain AS2022 along cow compost was suitable culture for wheat crop production and improvement of soil quality through organic matter degradation and accelerating soil nutrients.

In this study, thermal characteristics of a two-phase closed heat pipe were investigated experimentally and theoretically. A two-phase closed heat pipe (copper container, Fluorocarbon FC-72 (C6F14) working fluid) was fabricated to examine its performance under the effect of input heat flux range of 250–1253 W/m2 , 70% fill charge ratio and various tilt angles. The temperature distribution along the heat pipe, input heat to evaporator section, and output heat from condenser were monitored. A comprehensive mathematical model was developed to investigate the steadystate heat transfer performance of a two-phase closed heat pipe. A steady state analytical model, is presented to determine important parameters on the design of two-phase closed heat pipe, including temperature levels and heat transfer coefficients for condenser and evaporator. The experimental and simulation results of this work are found in good agreement. The experimental boiling heat transfer coefficients were compared with existing previously reported correlations.

Colorectal polyps and adenomas are a significant health concern that can lead to colorectal cancer. Detecting polyps and adenomas early is important to remove them in a timely manner, reducing the risk of cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI) could assist in identifying polyps and adenomas more efficiently. This study will investigate the potential benefits of AI technology in detecting colorectal adenomas, using AI-assisted colonoscopy diagnostic systems. The goal is to determine if there are differences in detection rates using AI compared to standard colonoscopy methods. PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines were adhered to in this systematic review. Three databases were searched including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science through February 23, 2023. A combination of the following keywords was used: AI, Artificial, Intelligence, Colorectal, Polyp, Adenoma. The adenoma detection rate (ADR) and polyp detection rate (PDR) were additionally meta-analyzed for proportions, and reported as odds ratio (OR), applying 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 9 randomized clinical trials were included in this review, pooling in 6981 participants. The findings were presented systematically, based on the design, technology used, effects on ADR and PDR, and key conclusions. The meta-analytical findings were reported as follows. On applying a random-effects model, the odds ratio (OR) for ADR was 1.532 (95% CI=1.125-2.087), with significant detection favoring CADe systems (P=0.0068). Similarly, when assessing the chance of diagnosing colorectal polyps with CADe systems as an add-on compared to standard colonoscopy alone, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.893 (95% CI=1.687-2.125, P

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of technology use in education on improving students' learning outcomes. The research method used is literature review by collecting data from various sources related to the use of technology in education. The results of the study indicate that the use of technology in education can significantly improve students' learning outcomes, especially in developing cognitive skills and critical thinking. In addition, technology can also help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the learning process. However, the use of technology in education also has challenges and risks that must be well managed. Therefore, the use of technology in education must be carefully selected and integrated to achieve optimal results.

There are a number of oblique references in Sufi literature to pious women whose austerities resulted in the loss of their menstrual cycle, as well as pious men who ascribed to themselves a type of metaphorical menstruation as a method of self-disparagement. This article analyzes such references in relation to dominant medieval Sufi discourses of purity and piety, in order to investigate the gendered rhetoric and presuppositions that underlie explicit and implicit allusions to menstruation in Sufi texts. In isolating and analyzing allusions to menstruation, four categories of reference emerge: depersonalization of menstrual blood, metaphorical male menstruation, masculinization of pious women, and reification of amenorrheic women. These narrative strategies, although applied inconsistently, all contribute to an overall deliberate effort by male authors to justify the inclusion of female bodies in male-dominated discursive spaces, while ultimately perpetuating hegemonic theologies of sacred masculinity. Through examining these inconsistent applications of gender in male-authored Sufi writings, this analysis identifies new avenues for revisiting medieval Islamicate notions of gendered identity in society in ways that dismantle ahistorical binary models of gender that have often skewed readings of Sufi and medieval Muslim sources.

Increasing energy efficiency in the cement production process at PT Semen Padang is carried out by reusing exhaust gas to produce electricity using Waste heat recovery power generation (WHRPG) with a capacity of 8.5 MW. WHRPG is a technology for utilizing exhaust gas heat as a source of heat energy to heat feed water into steam by using a suspension preheater (SP) boiler and air quenching cooler (AQC) boiler. This study aims to calculate the power potential of the steam heat influenced by the steam temperature and the mass flow rate of the steam produced by the boiler, to calculate the efficiency of the boiler using the direct method by comparing the boiler output heat against the boiler input heat, to calculate the turbine efficiency based on the difference between the steam enthalpy enter the turbine against the steam enthalpy out of the turbine and the isotropic enthalpy of the steam out of the turbine and to calculate the power generated by WHRPG at PT Semen Padang. The results obtained in this study are the total potential power of steam heat is 19.778 MW, the boiler AQC efficiency is 70.30%, the boiler SP efficiency is 94.04% and the turbine efficiency is 78.64%. The electricity generated by PT Semen Padang's WHRPG is 3.70 MW.

O artigo é um resumo do livro a “Era dos Direitos” de Norberto Bobbio, que fala dos direitos humanos e democracia, em que ambos trazem um equilíbrio na sociedade e que devemos protegê-los. Esses direitos nasceram a partir da história da sociedade com a convivência coletiva, onde foi aperfeiçoada e construída com o passar do tempo. Livro em que foi possível ver que pode ter direito sem a democracia, mas não há a democracia sem o direito.

Çevre kirliliği küresel bir sorundur. Bu sorun hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ortaktır ve uzun vadeli ciddi sonuçları nedeniyle insanların dikkatini çekmektedir. Çevre kirliliği ekosistemin istikrarına yaptığı olumsuz etkileri sebebiyle son yıllarda odak merkezi haline gelmiş; geri dönüşüm her zamankinden çok daha fazla önem kazanmıştır. Bu araştırma ortaokul öğrencilerinin “geri dönüşüm” kavramına yönelik olarak sahip oldukları metaforik algıları belirlemek ve “geri dönüşüme” ilişkin farkındalıklarını çizimler aracılığıyla ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmada nitel araştırma modellerinden fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında Adıyaman’daki bir ortaokulda öğrenimlerine devam eden 116 sekizinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada heuristik yaklaşım bağlamında yoğunluk örneklemesi türü kullanılmıştır. Çalışma verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen standartlaştırılmış formlar aracılığıyla toplanmış; elde edilen nitel veri kaynakları içerik analizi yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda çalışma grubunu oluşturan öğrencilerin birbirinden farklı metaforik algılara sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda 9 kategori geliştirilmiş, bu kategoriler arasında da en fazla “tabiat algısı olarak geri dönüşüm” kategorisinde metafor üretilmiştir. Geri dönüşüme bırakılan ürünler dikkate alındığında ise erkek öğrencilerin geri dönüşüm kutularını kız öğrencilerden daha aktif kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir.

Desain pencahayaan merupakan salah satu prioritas dalam merancang bangunan gedung dan pemanfaatan pencahayaan alami dapat menurunkan pemakaian energi, namun perlu memperhatikan produktifitas kerja pengguna ruang dengan mempertimbangkan rekomendasi standard iluminasi (level of illuminance), kesilauan(glare), tingkat kecermelangan (brightness) dan efek penghawaan (thermal). Gedung Menara Phinisi Universitas Negeri Makassar menggunakan fasade bangunan berbentuk Hiperbolic Paraboloid sehingga desain gedung ini menjadi panduan dalam menganalisis pengaruh fasade bangunan terhadap pencahayaan alami. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh fasade bangunan terhadap tingkat iluminasi, distribusi cahaya alami dan aplikasi bentuk fasade. Metode penelitian kwantitatif dengan menggunakan program Autodesk Echotech untuk mengetahui tingkat iluminasi dalam dan luar bangunan. Hasil penelitian meyimpulkan bahwa terjadi penurunan distribusi cahaya apabila menggunakan fasade bangunan dan bentuk fasade juga berpengaruh terhadap tingkat iluminasi dalam ruang.

Background: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is considered the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The global incidence of DLBCL has been doubled in the past decades, highlighting the need for more effective treatment regimens. The curability of DLBCL is heavily influenced by a number of factors, such as the age, the international prognostic index (IPI) score, the molecular cell of origin (COO) subtype, and presence/ absence of specific chromosomal rearrangements or protein expression. Recent gene profiling studies have classified DLBCL into two main categories, germinal center B-cell type (GCB) and activated B-cell type (ABC). Validation of these subtypes has become more applicable after the immunohistochemical algorithm suggested by Hans, which included three commercially available markers, CD10, BCL6, and MUM-1/IRF4. In addition to this classification, DLBCL prognostic models based on different sets of genes or immunohistochemical markers have been proposed. More recently, DLBCLs with translocations of MYC, along with a B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and/or B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) rearrangement, are now called double-hit lymphoma (DHL) or triple-hit lymphoma (THL), respectively. Furthermore, the co-expre sion of MYC and BCL2 proteins without underlying rearrangements is considered a new adverse prognostic indicator termed double-expressor lymphoma (DEL). The present study is aiming to combine morphological, immunophenotypical, and genetic features of DLBCLs to reach a more reproducible subtyping. Aim: To identify the relation between clinicopathological features as patient age, sex, site of tumor, clinical presentation and tumor stage and the germinal center differentiation in DLBCL (germinal center B-cell (GCB) or activated B-cell (ABC)) and the double/triple genetic hits status.Material and Methods: The material of this study comprised 52 formalin-fixed paraffin- embedded blocks representative of diffuse large B cell lymphoma cases retrieved from the archival material available at the Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University. Subclassification of cases into (germinal center / and post-germinal center types) using a panel of immunohistochemical markers including CD10, BCL6 and MUM1 was done and scoring of double/triple hit expression using a panel of immunohistochemical markers including c-MYC, BCL6 and BCL2 was also done and correlation with their subtypes and clinical data was performed.Results: there was significant association between germinal center differentiation and tumor stage (MCp= 0.018).Conclusion: Germinal center differentiation status is a valid method to evaluate the prognosis of DLBCL.

Background: Low Vitamin D (Vit D) level is associated with disease severity amongst critical acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. This leads to the hypothesis that Vit D plays a role in the emergence of cardiac risk factors, contributing to worsening AMI patients' short- and long-term prognoses. Therefore, there is still unclear data showing the potential impact of Vit D insufficiency or deficiency on the morbidity and mortality of AMI patients. So far, there has been no research conducted in Pakistan examining whether or not Vit D status are association to the outcome of hospitalization for coronary artery disease. Objective: The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between Vit D status on hospital admission and subsequent mortality and morbidity among patients with acute myocardial infarction. Study Design: Cross sectional observational study Study Setting: This study was conducted in the department of Interventional Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi from Ist August 2022 to 31st January 2023. Methodology: Total 250 subjects were enrolled in the study and divided in to two groups. Group A with normal Vit D (30ng/ml or above) and Group B included lower Vit D level than 30ng/ml, all patients were suffering from AMI. Baseline demographic characteristics, including age, and gender (male/female), was recorded. The patients were tested for Vit D status and distributed in their respective groups. The history, complications, and clinical data were included. The stay in the hospital and any adverse outcomes that appeared during the stay were also recorded. The clinical results include HDL, TG, and troponin I of every patient were noted for the clinical correlation of AMI patients with adequate and deficiency of Vit D level. All the data was collected in the form of a questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: Participants' mean ages were 53.8 and 5.9 years old. Group A (patients with low Vit D status) averaged 59.6 years of age, whereas Group B (58.9 years) had normal Vit D status. The analysis showed a statistically non- significant (p>0.05) difference in average age between the groups. There were 250 patients, with male 43.6% and female 56.4%. Men (63.2%) and women (36.8%) were in Group A. There were 71.4% males and 28.6% females in Group B. We found out the 137(60.6%) significant adverse hospital outcomes (p

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by insulin resistance, high blood pres-sure/sugar, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Whether MetS and its components affect the development of Behçet's Disease (BD) remains unclear. Aims: The aim was to determine the frequency of MetS among BD patients and to study its relationship with disease characteristics. Methods: The study included 1028 adult BD patients recruited from 18 specialized rheumatology centers. 51 healthy matched control were considered. Behçet Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) and the BD damage index (BDI) were estimated. Adult Treatment Panel-III criteria were used to define MetS. Results: The mean age of patients was 36.8 ± 10.1 years, M:F 2.7:1 and disease duration 7.01 ± 5.2 years. Their mean BDCAF was 5.1 ± 4.6 and BDI 5.5 ± 2.8. MetS was present in 22.8% of patients and in 5.9% of control (3.9 fold higher-risk). Patients with MetS had a significantly increased age at onset (31.8 ± 9.2 vs. 29 ± 8.5 years) and higher frequency of genital ulcers (96.2% vs. 79.7%), skin involvement (73.1% vs. 50.4%), arthritis (48.3% vs. 29.1%) (p Conclusion: BD patients with MetS are predisposed to mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, neuropsychiatric and ocular manifestations with consequently increased damage. The involvement of the deeper structures of the eye should alarm rheumatologists to keep in mind that all patients should have an eye examination, especially those with MetS.

Early detection of plant diseases helps to prevent loss of productivity and overcomes the shortcomings of continuous human monitoring. To solve these problems, many researchers have already completed their work to identify the diseases automatically, rapidly, and with greater accuracy using deep learning methods. This research combines deep learning with agriculture by developing a system for identifying cotton boll rot. We used two states of art pre-trained models SSD with MobileNet-V2 and Faster R-CNN with Inception -V2, which can locate boll rot attacks in cotton crops. It will be determined how much damage our crops have sustained. The trained model achieved 65% and 89% accuracy, respectively. The accuracy results for disease identification demonstrated that the deep network model is prospective and can significantly influence effective disease identification. It may also have the potential for disease detection in real-world agricultural systems of interest, region proposal networks, convolutional neural networks; deep neural networks; bounding boxes; support vector machines.

Background: EDTA related pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP) is immune mediated, time and temperature dependent spurious low platelet counts commonly observed in laboratory practices, as an in vitro phenomenon. Microscopic evaluation of every sample is not possible due to immense workload hence PTCP is overlooked mostly due to immense work load .Vortex mixer is practically feasible tool often used in laboratories to obtain the accurate platelet counts of the suspected samples by using same EDTA anticoagulated samples. Aim: To evaluate the frequency of EDTA related pseudothrombocytopenia in OPD of tertiary care centre and analyze the vortexing for resolution of PTCP. Methodology: This was case control study conducted in clinical pathology department of JPMC in collaboration with ICU from November 2022 to January 2023. Total 3000 samples of CBC were analyzed. 150 patients with platelet count less than 150µl , with abnormal histograms and platelet clumps on smear were enrolled as cases of PTCP. 150 healthy individuals with match age and gender recruited as controls. Sample was subjected to vortex for 2 min at 3000rpm Samples were reanalyze ,clumps dissolution recheck by smear. Results : Prevalence of isolated thrombocytopenia was 33%, with 15% cases of EDTA related PTCP, platelet clumps seen in all PTCP cases on smear, 87% clumps were resolved completely with significantly increased platelet counts post vortexing with p value

Preputioplasty is a surgical procedure performed to increase the orifice diameter and phimosis, which is defined by the inability of the penis to extrude due to the absence or restriction of the preputial opening, is uncommon in cats. A total of eight male cats were referred to Ataturk University Veterinary Faculty Animal Hospital due to the complaint of difficulty in urination and prolonged sitting in the litter box. Narrowed preputial opening and abdominal distension were noted in all cats. The penis was too stenotic to be extruded from the preputial orifice, and urine accumulated in the preputial cavity. The serum biochemistry and hemogram results of cats were within the reference values. After the clinical examination, acquired phimosis was diagnosed. The scar tissues around the preputial orifice that prevented the extrusion of the penis were resected surgically (preputioplasty). Normal urination was recorded following preputioplasty in all cases. In one case, recurrence was postoperatively detected on the 30th day and perineal urethrostomy was performed. Preputioplasty to enlarge the preputial orifice may be used to treat acquired phimosis in cat with a low rate complication.

Bireyin kimliğini kendi yaşam alanları içerisinde ürettiği ve etkileşimler yoluyla yeniden inşa ettiği iddiasının başlangıç yapıldığı bu çalışmanın amacı, dini kurum ve yapıların eleştirisine dayalı bir dinsel bireycilik örneği ortaya koymaktır. Bu amacı dindar Kürt bireyler üzerinden gerçekleştirmek; bireylerin deneyim ve düşüncelerinden ortaya çıkan "özü" açıklamak ve yorumlamak; bireylerdeki süreçsel ve düşünümsel nitelikleri, öznel anlamları ve toplumsal gerçekliğin etkileşim ve iletişimsel doğasını ön plana çıkarmak hedeflenmektedir. Bu bağlamda cevabı aranacak soru şudur: Kürtlerde dinsel bireycilikten bahsedilebilir mi ve etnik kimliğin bu noktada etkinliği var mıdır? Bu amacı ifa edecek faaliyetlerin gerçekleştirilmesi için de nitel yöntem ve fenomenolojik çözümleme tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri de yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu yardımıyla mülakatlar yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Mülakatlar 8’i kadın olmak üzere toplamda 28 kişi ile yapılmıştır. Bu bireyler Ankara, Aydın, İzmir, Bitlis, Van ve Hakkâri şehirlerinden seçilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler temelde katılımcıların dinî kurum, yapı ve aktörlerine yönelik hem dinî hem de etnik kimliklerini ön plana çıkararak onları nasıl konumlandırdıkları ile ilgilidir. Veriler sonucunda çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturan bireylerde güçlü bir dinsel bireycilik yönelimi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dinî otoritelerin kritiğine dayanan bu bireycilik diyalektik bir görünüm sergilemektedir. Yani dinî olanın dinden hareketle konumlandırılışı söz konusu olmaktadır. Bu anlamda dinin öznel ve içsel bir tasavvurunun katılımcı anlayışında mevcut olduğu hususu gözlenmiştir. Söz konusu Kürt dinsel bireycilik örneğinde etnik kimliğin önemli bir dinamik olarak işlev gördüğü tespit edilmiştir. Etnik kimliğin bu işlevselliği katılımcılar tarafından dinî otoritelerin Kürtlere, onların mağduriyetine ve Kürt meselesine yaklaşım tarzlarının, eleştirisine ve buna karşı geliştirilen tepkiselliğe dayandığı söylenebilir.

Climate change has drastically affected the performance of several agricultural crops. Cotton is an important fibre crop which is severely influenced by the climate change in recent years Presence of genetic variability among germplasm is a key source for selecting the genotypes that are more adapted to the agro-climatic conditions with respect to yield and fibre related traits. For this purpose, 180 cotton genotypes were sown under augmented design with recommended management practices. Data for the morphological, yield and fibre traits viz plant height (PH), CLCuD(%),bolls per plant, boll weight (g), yield/ plant (g), GOT (%), staple length (mm), mike (ug/inch), staple strength (g/tex) were recorded and analysed. The results of variance analysis revealed that significant variability was observed among genotypes for all the traits under study. PCA biplot showed that 26% variability was observed in PC1 and 15.5% in PC2. Genotypes no. 30 was found with distant yield and fibre characteristics. Through cluster analysis, total 180 cotton genotypes were grouped into nine different clusters. Group 7 and group 8 consist of 15 and 03 genotypes respectively. Genotypes among these two groups represent the higher CLCuD resistance, maximum yield per plant with better fibre traits. Phenotypic evaluation of cotton genotypes for different morphological, yield and fibre traits provide the basis for exploitation of best performing genotypes in the future breeding programme.

The road is the main gateway to human life and links essential access points. Some structure pavement failures happened due to the base layer's instability. Fly ash has been used in several parts of pavement structures to increase stability. One significant concern with using fly ash in base course stabilization is its proportion and potential impact on water quality standards. This research aimed to evaluate base course stabilization performance using fly ash-based geopolymers, as well as assess their impact on water quality standards. Materials in this study consisted of aggregate, fly ash, water, and alkaline reagent solutions. The variation of mix considered with a variety of alkaline reagents, namely without alkaline reagents, 3 mol, 6 mol, 9 mol, and 12 mol of NaOH. The ratio between NaOH and Na2SiO3 is 1:2. The use of fly ash in the class A aggregate base course layer has not been able to meet specifications. However, by providing 9 mol of alkaline reagent, the strength of the mixture increases so that the CBR value meets the specifications due to geopolymer bonding. When the alkaline reagent solution becomes more concentrated, the optimum water content decreases, and the bond between aggregates strengthens. The effect of alkaline reagents on water quality standards increases the acidity (pH) value, while other parameters such as BOD, COD, and TSS still meet the standards. This research point to another practical approach that is effective in the field to increase the stability of the base course layer and is environmentally friendly.

This paper was compiled based on literary sources which explain participatory election supervision as a form of active involvement of the community and all components of government and communities outside the Election Supervisory Body in supporting the implementation of election supervision. A participatory society is understood to be born from a society that has awareness. Awareness is driven from a set of knowledge and skills and morals that a person has. The Need for Achievement (n-Ach) approach and social change are used as an analytical tool for literature review. This paper concludes that the active involvement of the community demands a change in the attitude of the bureaucracy and its accompanying institutions. The views of the organizers of election supervision must be based on the idea that society can improve the ongoing process of implementing election supervision provided that they are given the trust and opportunity.

Background: Coronary artery disease and obesity cardiomyopathy, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy are the most prevalent types of cardiac involvement in the comorbid. Obesity has a two- to fourfold greater risk of developing coronary artery disease. Stroke and other cerebrovascular occurrences fare poorly for those with obesity and diabetes. Hospital, autopsy, epidemiological, longitudinal research, and other studies have all demonstrated the increasing prevalence of cardiomyopathy in diabetes and obese individuals Objective: the objective of the study is to association of waist and hip ratio with the angiographic severity of coronary artery disease in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction Study Design: Cross sectional observational study Study Setting: This study was conducted in the department of Interventional Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi from Ist August 2022 to 31st January 2023. Methodology: Total 120 subjects were enrolled in the study and divided in to two groups. Group I consisted of 60 patients with normal WHR, and group II consisted of 60 patients with elevated WHR. The history and anthropometric measurements were noted using a pre-designed structured form, including demographic data and a profile of potential risk factors. Three universal criteria for diagnosing myocardial infarction were used to confirm the presence of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Each participant's signed permission was obtained before any data was collected. The patient's waist and hip circumferences were measured the day before the CAG. At least two cardiologists engaged per patient's therapy or the clinical context while evaluating the angiogram results. Visual estimation (in at least two orthogonal views) was used to estimate the vessel and Gensini scores to determine the degree of coronary artery disease on angiograms. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: Patients in Group II had a considerably higher mean body mass index and anthropometric status than those in Group I. The average WHR of the participants in the study is listed in order of increasing vascular involvement. For those with normal angiogram results, the average WHR was 0.98. There was a statistically significant difference (p

Selenium is an essential micromineral needed in small amounts in the body, but affects themetabolism and health of aquaculture organisms. This study aimed to analyze the growth of catfish(Clarias gariepinus) supplemented with selenium peptide through the coating method on feed. Therewere four different treatments, namely K (feed without selenium peptide), A (feed with seleniumpeptide of 3 g kg-1feed), B (feed with selenium peptide of 6 g kg-1feed), and C (feed with seleniumpeptide of 9 g kg-1feed). A total of 15 catfish with weight of 21.80 ± 0.29 g were kept in an aquariumat dimension of 90 x 40 x 45 cm3filled with water at a depth of 35 cm (Volume of 108 L) for 45 days.Fish were fed three times a day at satiation. Water quality management was carried out by the use ofsimple filtration in the container and water replacement to ensure optimum water quality values forcatfish growth. The results showed that the growth performance parameters (final biomass, finalindividual weight, survival rate, and daily growth rate) of catfish fed with selenium peptide weresignificantly different (p

Concise and effective synthesis of novel halobenzoconduritols by the action of acetyl chloride is reported. Interesting monochloride and dichloride products are formed as a result of the reaction of benzoconduritol-D and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalene-2,3-diyl diacetate with acetyl chloride. We present surprising results bearing on the possible course and mechanism of the halobenzoconduritols synthesis. To the best of our knowledge, this reaction process represents the first example of the conversion of benzoconduritols to chloroesters. In terms of synthesis, the replacement of OH with halogen and its effects on neighboring groups were explained by the proposed mechanism (a Mattock-type mechanism).

This study aims to investigate the influencing elements of consumers’ behavioral intention to use online food delivery apps in Bangladesh. MS Excel and SPSS were used to calculate the relevant information. The targeted population of this study is the current users of online food delivery apps in Bangladesh. The final sample size is 368, with a response rate of 92%. The information was gathered from the respondents through a web-based survey in Google Forms. Due to the nature of the study object, the purposeful sampling method has been used and is quantitative and exploratory. The results show that five predictors affect consumers’ intention to use food delivery apps. The findings demonstrate that social influence, perceived trust, perceived safety, performance expectancy, and effort expectancy significantly affect the consumers’ usage intention of food delivery apps. The study also found that perceived trust is the strongest predictor of usage intention among five intention predictors. However, following an extensive literature review, only a few studies have been conducted in this context, so there is a deficiency in investigating key influencing factors of users’ motivation to adopt online food delivery apps in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study could be indispensable for app delivery operators, governmental and non-governmental organizations, businesses, and researchers to make policies and strategies to create intention among consumers to use online food delivery apps.

Portland cement (PC) is a common material used in civil infrastructure engineering. Cement production emits roughly 2.2 billion tons of CO2 per year, contributing 8% of global emissions in 2016. This contributes to almost half of the calcination process, and together with thermal combustion, clinker generation could be responsible for 90% of the sector’s emissions. One effective technique for dealing with these industrial by-product wastes is to employ them to make cement replacements such as concrete and mortar, which can be used in a variety of applications. As a result, the purpose of this research is to review the current advancements, challenges, and future perspectives on the utilization of agro-industrial waste (AIW) produced around the world in cement-based products. Geopolymers (GPs), on the other hand, reduce carbon dioxide emissions and have the potential to be a complete or partial replacement for PC in the construction sector. The GP technology enables the use of AIW in combination with an alumina–silicate (A–S) phase with minimal environmental impact. GP-cement is mostly produced by activating alkali silicates or alkali sols with secondary raw materials such as calcined clays, fly ash (FA), zeolite, metakaolin, etc. Mixing various resource materials, including additives, A–S, and alkali sols, alkali concentrations, optimizing the curing temperature, the SiO2/Na2O ratio, microstructural behavior, and other factors, results in GP-cement with outstanding mechanical and durability characteristics. The review concludes that AIW-based geopolymer composites have shown promising results in terms of their mechanical properties, durability, and environmental sustainability, which makes them emerge as promising future building materials with applications in a wide range of industries.

Objective: To compare depression, anxiety, and stress amongst caregivers of patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective Disorder Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Psychiatry Department, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from May to Nov 2021 Methodology: One hundred caregivers of patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective Disorder took part in the study. The “Depression Anxiety Stress Scales” scale assessed depression, anxiety and stress. The difference in both groups was checked by the chi-square test. Results: One hundred caregivers (46 caregivers of patients with Schizophrenia and 54 caregivers of patients with the bipolar affective disorder) were recruited. Among caregivers of patients with Schizophrenia, 29(63%) had significant depression, 33(71%) had anxiety, and an equal proportion had stress. Of those who cared for patients with bipolar affective disorder,16(29.6 %) had depression, 29(53.7 %) had anxiety, and 25(46.29%) had stress. Depression, anxiety, and stress among caregivers had a statistically significant association with clinical diagnosis in our target population (p-valve 0.002, 0.033, 0.007), respectively. Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, and stress are significantly higher among caregivers of patients with Schizophrenia as compared to caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder. Our findings have identified a significant need for supporting caregivers of patients with serious mental illness.

Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapeutic option for managing Clostridium difficile infections (CDI). CDI is a significant health concern, particularly in antibiotic-resistant cases impairing the quality of life among the patient population. This systematic review aims to pool current clinical trial evidence of FMT (RBX2660) success rates when used for recurrent CDI in the clinical trial setting. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines, the following databases were systematically searched: Embase, PubMed, and Scopus. There were no time or language restrictions. The following keywords were used in all the databases: fecal, microbiota, transplantation, recurrent, Clostridium difficile, infection, and antibiotic-resistant. Only clinical trials, controlled or single-arm, were included in this systematic review. Results: A total of five clinical trials, of which four were phase II, and one was phase III, were included. Seven hundred ninety-five participants were pooled across all trials. Patients were included in the trials with 1-2 recurrent CDI. In most cases, they had undergone standard antibiotic therapy before enrolling. The treatment success rate in the RBX2660 intervention group was 69.5% (335/482) compared to 49.6% (123/248) in the placebo group. The intervention was safe and effective, with no grade III or higher adverse events reported in treating recurrent CDI. Conclusion: RBX2660, recently approved as a therapy for recurrent CDI in the United States, is a significant milestone in expanding treatment options. This study reports the potential benefits of FMT and other microbiota-based therapies. While many challenges require addressing, including sample control and patient compliance, FMT is heading toward ongoing acceptance in the broad medical community.

Objective: To associate CT severity score with inflammatory markers and to determine outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to CMH Lahore. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Mar to Jun 2021. Methodology: Patients of COVID-19 age 18 and above, with a positive RT-PCR, were included in the study Clinical and radiological data of 200 patients was retrieved and analysed from the hospital registry. Results: In the present study, we studied the role of inflammatory markers in predicting the severity of COVID-19. We have compared the levels of LDH, CRP, IL-6 and serum Ferritin between the two groups. LDH (p=0.015), IL-6 (p=0.001) and Ferritin (p=0.001) were significantly different between the two groups, but CRP was not (p=0.811) significant. Conclusion: CT severity score associates well with the COVID-19 clinical severity. Our data suggest that the chest CT scoring system can predict the severity of COVID-19 disease and significantly associates with inflammatory markers.

Objective: To compare the effects of lower limb compression stockings and control in terms of frequency of bradycardia, hypotension and hypotensive symptoms in a group of obstetric patients undergoing lower segment cesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesiology Combined Military Hospital, Multan Pakistan, from Aug 2020 to Feb 2021. Methodology: One hundred women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anaesthesia from 18-45 years were included. Obstetric patients between 18–45 years of age, Non-labouring parturient, ASA Status I / II planned for Caesarean section were included. Patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups, i.e., Mechanical pump Group (Group M) and the Control Group (Group C), with Consecutive Non-probability sampling. The frequency of hypotensive symptoms, hypotension and bradycardia in both groups was noted. Results: Frequency of hypotensive symptoms, hypotension and bradycardia in the compression stockings group was found in 18(36.0%), 8(16.0%) and 11(22.0%) patients while in 38(76.0%), 32(64.0%) and 30(60.0%) patients in the control group (p-value = 0.0001). Conclusion: We concluded that the frequency of hypotensive symptoms, hypotension and bradycardia is less after lower limb compression stockings given to obstetric patients undergoing lower-segment cesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.