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One of the most crucial tasks in seismic reflection imaging is to identify the salt bodies with high precision. Traditionally, this is accomplished by visually picking the salt/sediment boundaries, which requires a great amount of manual work and may introduce systematic bias. With recent progress of deep learning algorithm and growing computational power, a great deal of efforts have been made to replace human effort with machine power in salt body interpretation. Currently, the method of Convolutional neural networks (CNN) is revolutionizing the computer vision field and has been a hot topic in the image analysis. In this paper, the benefits of CNN-based classification are demonstrated by using a state-of-art network structure U-Net, along with the residual learning framework ResNet, to delineate salt body with high precision. Network adjustments, including the Exponential Linear Units (ELU) activation function, the Lov\'{a}sz-Softmax loss function, and stratified $K$-fold cross-validation, have been deployed to further improve the prediction accuracy. The preliminary result using SEG Advanced Modeling (SEAM) data shows good agreement between the predicted salt body and manually interpreted salt body, especially in areas with weak reflections. This indicates the great potential of applying CNN for salt-related interpretations., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures

In this paper, we propose two protocols for generating super-resolving single-photon (SRSP) number-path-entangled states from general maximally number-path-entangled NOON states. It is our purpose to show that, contrary to popular belief, a field in a single-photon state can carry multifold phase information. We also show that both protocols generate the desired state with different probabilities depending on the type of detectors being used. Such SRSP number-path-entangled states preserve high resolving power but lack the requirement of a multiphoton absorbing resist, which may serve as a proof-of-principle prototype for quantum lithography in the future.

A field in a single-photon state can carry multifold phase information. Two protocols are shown that generate this desired state with different probabilities dependent on the detector being used with applications to quantum lithography.

There has been much recent interest in quantum metrology for applications to sub-Raleigh ranging and remote sensing such as in quantum radar. For quantum radar, atmospheric absorption and diffraction rapidly degrades any actively transmitted quantum states of light, such as N00N states, so that for this high-loss regime the optimal strategy is to transmit coherent states of light, which suffer no worse loss than the linear Beer's law for classical radar attenuation, and which provide sensitivity at the shot-noise limit in the returned power. We show that coherent radar radiation sources, coupled with a quantum homodyne detection scheme, provide both longitudinal and angular super-resolution much below the Rayleigh diffraction limit, with sensitivity at shot-noise in terms of the detected photon power. Our approach provides a template for the development of a complete super-resolving quantum radar system with currently available technology., Comment: 23 pages, content is identical to published version

To acquire the best path-entangled photon Fock states for robust quantum-optical metrology with parity detection, we calculate phase information from a lossy interferometer by using twin entangled Fock states. We show that $(\text{a})$ when loss is less than 50$%$ twin entangled Fock states with large photon number difference give higher visibility, while when loss is higher than 50$%$, the ones with less photon number difference give higher visibility; and $(\text{b})$ twin entangled Fock states with large photon number difference give sub--shot-noise limit sensitivity for phase detection in a lossy environment. This result provides a reference on what particular path-entangled Fock states are useful for real world metrology applications.

We study the two-level atom interaction with bichromatic field to understand the entropy flow during this interaction in the absence of spontaneous emission. This flow is characterized by the Carnot cycle that demonstrates efficient cooling.

We present a full quantum mechanical picture of squeezed vacuum state generation via self-rotation in an X system. As a result, extra noise that is overlooked in semi-classical picture is found and its effect on the degree of squeezing is discussed.