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Current modeling practices for software focus on functional aspects for behavior and structure. We are developing techniques that examine these functional aspects along with architecture issues through modeling, analysis, and virtual integration for assurance of performance properties. For embedded cyber-physical systems, the approach enables identification and removal of defects early in the design phase for verification of integrability, assurance that non-functional requirements are met, and flexibility in modeling and analysis at multiple levels of system fidelity.

Managing raw water quality in drinking water reservoirs with the goal of reducing treatment costs and producing high quality finished water can involve a number of watershed and in-lake based approaches. Some water supply impoundment systems have structural controls that can vary the timing of water diversion from one or more subwatersheds. Water from approximately 77% of the watershed for the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority's (SCCRWA) Lake Saltonstall reservoir is accessed through a man-made diversion on the Farm River in East Haven, Connecticut. Watershed land uses include cropland, dairy farms and urban–suburban development. Operational data for the Farm River diversion indicate that water was diverted to the reservoir for 54% of the period from 1993 through 2002 and for 21% of the period that followed from 2003 through 2008. From 2001 through 2008, routine monitoring of reservoir water quality exhibited improving trends in Secchi depth, turbidity, chlorophyll a, color and t...

The Gd2O3 layer grown by electron beam evaporation system normally leads to oxygen deficient sites unless the oxygen partial pressure is provided. These oxygen vacancies were monitored through their current modulating effect. This modulation controlled the current within a Si well of the Gd2O3/Si/Gd2O3 quantum well structure through the migration of the oxygen vacancies. Such behavior were not found in the structure that contains far less oxygen vacancy such as SiO2/Si/SiO2 structure.

Phosphosilicate ceramic was doped with Tb 3+ using sol-gel technique to prepare thin films. The films were prepared by spin coating the phosphosilicate sols on SiO x /indium-tin-oxide/glass substrates. The photocurrent of the films at 355 nm laser excitation was observed. The photoresponse as a function of applied field and laser energy was linear and showed no sign of saturation. The films exhibited very stable photoresponse under a very high number of laser shots.

The recreational boating community has always been plagued with a high incidence of serious accidents that have resulted in loss of life, grave injuries and property loss. Our paper discusses a next generation system enterprise that will apply a knowledge/cybernetic approach that provides: 1) An automatic Proactive Warning for severe navigation threats to participating operators of recreational and small commercial boats, followed by, and after operator acknowledgement, 2) An advisory threat evasive course/action. From our analyses of several years of USCG boating accident statistics, we expect that the system will reduce fatalities and serious injuries by about 30%.

The emerging Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL) standard is an architecture modeling language for real-time, fault-tolerant, scalable, embedded, multiprocessor systems. It enables the development and predictable integration of highly evolvable systems as well as analysis of existing systems. This paper discusses the role and benefits of using the AADL in the process of analyzing an existing avionics system. We use the AADL to describe architecture patterns in the system being analyzed and to identify potentially systemic issues in the system. We discuss some of the findings related to timing, scheduling, and fault tolerance and the benefits of the use of the AADL. Additionally we highlight the benefits of working with architecture abstractions that are reflected in the AADL notation, in particular the separation of architecture design decisions from implementation decisions. Such a light-weight architecture analysis is typically followed by a full-scale AADL model of the system with required and actual timing, performance, and reliability figures, and its analysis to determine whether the requirements are met.

A transducer compressible in response to electric power, including a flexible, conductive plastic layer microimprinted with a pattern and a stiff plastic layer containing a conductive embedded sheet.

We will discuss our work to build, characterize, and scale- up a metallized plastic muscle-like actuator called a Spiral Wound Transducer (SWT). Prototype SWTs have been built using microelectronics fabrication methods. The prototypes have demonstrated large amplitude motion and analog response. The prototypes, though small, have demonstrated forces equivalent to 12 grams for compressions of more than 15 percent at 30 Hz. The size of the SWTs is essentially unrestricted. Our work with commercially available metallized Mylar films to produce much larger, more powerful, and lower cost SWT devices will also be discussed.

I . The University of North Carolina at CharlotteDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCharlotte, NC 282232. Duke UniversityDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringDurham, NC 277063. MCNC, Electronic Technologies DivisionResearch Triangle Park, NC 277094. The University of North Carolina at CharlotteDepartment of ChemistryCharlotte, NC 282235. The University of North Carolina at CharlotteDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringCharlotte, NC 282236. Integrated Electronic Innovations Inc.Cary, NC 27513ABSTRACTA miniature ultrasound scanner has been constructed using a MEMS actuatorcalled an Integrated Force Array (IFA).1'2'3'4'5 A second type of actuator called aSpiral Wound Transducer (SWT) is under development and shows significantpromise for this application. Both the scanner and SWT will be discussed.1. MINIATURE ULTRASOUND SCANNERWe have previously discussed the miniature ultrasound scanner6 shown inFigure 1.

Integrated Force Arrays (IFAs) are thin film linear actuators which operate with substantial displacement and force. The methods of attachment of these devices to external systems are under development. Our current methods to incorporate IFAs in an scanning ultrasound imaging systems as well as a new material and method for attachment will be described.

The flecainide discovery and development process started in 1966 with the broad goal of investigating the effects of fluorine substitution in potential drug molecules. The overall process evolved slowly. The original goals of the project were translated into the 3 major phases: (1) the synthesis and evaluation of 2 major chemical series through the efforts of chemists who incorporated fluorine atoms into new compounds; (2) a change in focus from local anesthetic programs to the antiarrhythmic project through the efforts and advisement of pharmacologists; and (3) commitment to a flecainide development plan culminating in the new drug application for approval of flecainide in the suppression and prevention of ventricular arrhythmias.