459 results on '"J. van der Horst"'
Search Results
2. Evidence for an abundant old population of Galactic ultra-long period magnetars and implications for fast radio bursts
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P Beniamini, Z Wadiasingh, J Hare, K M Rajwade, G Younes, and A J van der Horst
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) - Abstract
Two recent discoveries, namely PSR J0901-4046 and GLEAM-X J162759.5-523504.3 (hereafter GLEAM-X J1627), have corroborated an extant population of radio-loud periodic sources with long periods (76 s and 1091 s respectively) whose emission can hardly be explained by rotation losses. We argue that GLEAM-X J1627 is a highly-magnetized object consistent with a magnetar (an ultra long period magnetar - ULPM), and demonstrate it is unlikely to be either a magnetically or a rotationally-powered white dwarf. By studying these sources together with previously detected objects, we find there are at least a handful of promising candidates for Galactic ULPMs. The detections of these objects imply a substantial number, $N \gtrsim 13000$ and $N \gtrsim 500$ for PSR J0901--4046 like and GLEAM-X J1627 like objects, respectively, within our Galaxy. These source densities, as well as cooling age limits from non-detection of thermal X-rays, Galactic offsets, timing stability and dipole spindown limits, all imply the ULPM candidates are substantially older than confirmed Galactic magnetars and that their formation channel is a common one. Their existence implies widespread survival of magnetar-like fields for several Myr, distinct from the inferred behaviour in confirmed Galactic magnetars. ULPMs may also constitute a second class of FRB progenitors which could naturally exhibit very long periodic activity windows. Finally, we show that existing radio campaigns are biased against detecting objects like these and discuss strategies for future radio and X-ray surveys to identify more such objects. We estimate that ${\cal O}(100)$ more such objects should be detected with SKA-MID and DSA-2000., Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures. Published in MNRAS
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- 2023
3. The First JWST Spectrum of a GRB Afterglow: No Bright Supernova in Observations of the Brightest GRB of all Time, GRB 221009A
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A. J. Levan, G. P. Lamb, B. Schneider, J. Hjorth, T. Zafar, A. de Ugarte Postigo, B. Sargent, S. E. Mullally, L. Izzo, P. D’Avanzo, E. Burns, J. F. Agüí Fernández, T. Barclay, M. G. Bernardini, K. Bhirombhakdi, M. Bremer, R. Brivio, S. Campana, A. A. Chrimes, V. D’Elia, M. Della Valle, M. De Pasquale, M. Ferro, W. Fong, A. S. Fruchter, J. P. U. Fynbo, N. Gaspari, B. P. Gompertz, D. H. Hartmann, C. L. Hedges, K. E. Heintz, K. Hotokezaka, P. Jakobsson, D. A. Kann, J. A. Kennea, T. Laskar, E. Le Floc’h, D. B. Malesani, A. Melandri, B. D. Metzger, S. R. Oates, E. Pian, S. Piranomonte, G. Pugliese, J. L. Racusin, J. C. Rastinejad, M. E. Ravasio, A. Rossi, A. Saccardi, R. Salvaterra, B. Sbarufatti, R. L. C. Starling, N. R. Tanvir, C. C. Thöne, A. J. van der Horst, S. D. Vergani, D. Watson, K. Wiersema, R. A. M. J. Wijers, Dong Xu, Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Research Council, European Commission, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, and National Science Foundation (US)
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Astronomy ,LIGHT-CURVE ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,REDSHIFTS ,GRB-060218 ,ENERGETICS ,GAMMA-RAY BURST ,MULTIWAVELENGTH MEASUREMENT ,HOST GALAXIES ,Space and Planetary Science ,SHOCK ,SPACE-TELESCOPE ,EMISSION ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
Full list of authors: Levan, A. J.; Lamb, G. P.; Schneider, B.; Hjorth, J.; Zafar, T.; de Ugarte Postigo, A.; Sargent, B.; Mullally, S. E.; Izzo, L.; D'Avanzo, P.; Burns, E.; Fernandez, J. F. Aguei; Barclay, T.; Bernardini, M. G.; Bhirombhakdi, K.; Bremer, M.; Brivio, R.; Campana, S.; Chrimes, A. A.; D'Elia, V.; Valle, M. Della; De Pasquale, M.; Ferro, M.; Fong, W.; Fruchter, A. S.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Gaspari, N.; Gompertz, B. P.; Hartmann, D. H.; Hedges, C. L.; Heintz, K. E.; Hotokezaka, K.; Jakobsson, P.; Kann, D. A.; Kennea, J. A.; Laskar, T.; Le Floc'h, E.; Malesani, D. B.; Melandri, A.; Metzger, B. D.; Oates, S. R.; Pian, E.; Piranomonte, S.; Pugliese, G.; Racusin, J. L.; Rastinejad, J. C.; Ravasio, M. E.; Rossi, A.; Saccardi, A.; Salvaterra, R.; Sbarufatti, B.; Starling, R. L. C.; Tanvir, N. R.; Thoene, C. C.; van der Horst, A. J.; Vergani, S. D.; Watson, D.; Wiersema, K.; Wijers, R. A. M. J.; Xu, Dong.--This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., We present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the afterglow of GRB 221009A, the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever observed. This includes the first mid-IR spectra of any GRB, obtained with JWST/Near Infrared Spectrograph (0.6–5.5 micron) and Mid-Infrared Instrument (5–12 micron), 12 days after the burst. Assuming that the intrinsic spectral slope is a single power law, with Fν ∝ ν−β, we obtain β ≈ 0.35, modified by substantial dust extinction with AV = 4.9. This suggests extinction above the notional Galactic value, possibly due to patchy extinction within the Milky Way or dust in the GRB host galaxy. It further implies that the X-ray and optical/IR regimes are not on the same segment of the synchrotron spectrum of the afterglow. If the cooling break lies between the X-ray and optical/IR, then the temporal decay rates would only match a post-jet-break model, with electron index p < 2, and with the jet expanding into a uniform ISM medium. The shape of the JWST spectrum is near-identical in the optical/near-IR to X-SHOOTER spectroscopy obtained at 0.5 days and to later time observations with HST. The lack of spectral evolution suggests that any accompanying supernova (SN) is either substantially fainter or bluer than SN 1998bw, the proto-type GRB-SN. Our HST observations also reveal a disk-like host galaxy, viewed close to edge-on, that further complicates the isolation of any SN component. The host galaxy appears rather typical among long-GRB hosts and suggests that the extreme properties of GRB 221009A are not directly tied to its galaxy-scale environment. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society., A.J.L., D.B.M., and N.R.T. are supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 725246). G.P.L. is supported by a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship (grant Nos. DHF-R1-221175 and DHF-ERE-221005). J.H. and L.I. were supported by a VILLUM FONDEN Investigator grant to JH (project No. 16599). B.D.M. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (grant No. AST-2002577). J.P.U.F. acknowledges support from the Carlsberg Foundation. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. D.A.K. acknowledges the support by the State of Hessen within the Research Cluster ELEMENTS (Project ID 500/10.006). R.B., M.G.B., S.C., P.D.A., M.F., A.M., and S.P. acknowledge funding from the Italian Space Agency, contract ASI/INAF No. I/004/11/4. P.D.A. acknowledges support from PRIN-MIUR 2017 (grant 20179ZF5KS). J.F.A.F. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades through the grant PRE2018-086507., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).
- Published
- 2023
4. Day-time-scale variability in the radio light curve of the Tidal Disruption Event AT2022cmc: confirmation of a highly relativistic outflow
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L Rhodes, J S Bright, R Fender, I Sfaradi, D A Green, A Horesh, K Mooley, D Pasham, S Smartt, D J Titterington, A J van der Horst, D R A Williams, Rhodes, L [0000-0003-2705-4941], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Space and Planetary Science ,radio continuum: transients ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,transients: tidal disruption events - Abstract
Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are transient, multi-wavelength events in which a star is ripped apart by a supermassive black hole. Observations show that in a small fraction of TDEs, a short-lived, synchrotron emitting jet is produced. We observed the newly discovered TDE AT2022cmc with a slew of radio facilities over the first 100 days after its discovery. The light curve from the AMI-LA radio interferometer shows day-timescale variability which we attribute to a high brightness temperature emitting region as opposed to scintillation. We measure a brightness temperature of 2x10^15 K, which is unphysical for synchrotron radiation. We suggest that the measured high brightness temperature is a result of relativistic beaming caused by a jet being launched at velocities close to the speed of light along our line of sight. We infer from day-timescale variability that the jet associated with AT2022cmc has a relativistic Doppler factor of at least 16, which corresponds to a bulk Lorentz factor of at least 8 if we are observing the jet directly on axis. Such an inference is the first conclusive evidence that the radio emission observed from some TDEs is from relativistic jets because it does not rely on an outflow model. We also compare the first 100 days of radio evolution of AT2022cmc with that of the previous bright relativistic TDE, Swift J1644, and find a remarkable similarity in their evolution., 7 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
- Published
- 2023
5. The 2022 high-energy outburst and radio disappearing act of the magnetar 1E 1547.0-5408
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Marcus E. Lower, George Younes, Paul Scholz, Fernando Camilo, Liam Dunn, Simon Johnston, Teruaki Enoto, John M. Sarkissian, John E. Reynolds, David M. Palmer, Zaven Arzoumanian, Matthew G. Baring, Keith Gendreau, Ersin Göğüş, Sebastien Guillot, Alexander J. van der Horst, Chin-Ping Hu, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Lin Lin, Christian Malacaria, Rachael Stewart, and Zorawar Wadiasingh
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Space and Planetary Science ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We report the radio and high-energy properties of a new outburst from the radio-loud magnetar 1E 1547.0$-$5408. Following the detection of a short burst from the source with Swift-BAT on 2022 April 7, observations by NICER detected an increased flux peaking at $(6.0 \pm 0.4) \times 10^{-11}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ in the soft X-ray band, falling to the baseline level of $1.7\times10^{-11}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ over a 17-day period. Joint spectroscopic measurements by NICER and NuSTAR indicated no change in the hard non-thermal tail despite the prominent increase in soft X-rays. Observations at radio wavelengths with Murriyang, the 64-m Parkes radio telescope, revealed that the persistent radio emission from the magnetar disappeared at least 22 days prior to the initial Swift-BAT detection and was re-detected two weeks later. Such behavior is unprecedented in a radio-loud magnetar, and may point to an unnoticed slow rise in the high-energy activity prior to the detected short-bursts. Finally, our combined radio and X-ray timing revealed the outburst coincided with a spin-up glitch, where the spin-frequency and spin-down rate increased by $0.2 \pm 0.1$ $\mu$Hz and $(-2.4 \pm 0.1) \times 10^{-12}$ s$^{-2}$ respectively. A linear increase in spin-down rate of $(-2.0 \pm 0.1) \times 10^{-19}$ s$^{-3}$ was also observed over 147 d of post-outburst timing. Our results suggest that the outburst may have been associated with a reconfiguration of the quasi-polar field lines, likely signalling a changing twist, accompanied by spatially broader heating of the surface and a brief quenching of the radio signal, yet without any measurable impact on the hard X-ray properties., Comment: Accepted to ApJ, 18 pages, 7 figures. Fixed typo in abstract and discussion
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- 2023
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6. Bullous pemphigoid in a lichen sclerosus lesion
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Neill, Boeijink, Esther R, Klompmaker, Michiel P J, van der Horst, and Tim, van Meurs
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Obstetrics and Gynecology - Published
- 2023
7. The SCORPIO instrument: status update and path forward
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Todd J. Veach, Peter Roming, Antonina Brody, Kelly Smith, Ronnie Killough, Kristian Persson, Susan Pope, Andrew Peterson, Jason Stange, Rebecca Thibodeaux, Alexa Mathias, Carl Schwendeman, Adam Thornton, Guy Grubbs, Ernesto Verastegui, Scott Sutherland, Thomas Lechner, Marísa Luisa García-Vargas, Manuel Maldonado Medina, Ana Pérez Calpena, Ernesto Sánchez Blanco, Gerardo Veredas, Massimo Robberto, Alexander J. van der Horst, Landon Gelman, Stephen A. Smee, Stephen C. Hope, Robert H. Barkhouser, and Dana Koeppe
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- 2022
8. Spectropolarimetry and photometry of the early afterglow of the gamma-ray burst GRB 191221B
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D A H Buckley, S Bagnulo, R J Britto, J Mao, D A Kann, J Cooper, V Lipunov, D M Hewitt, S Razzaque, N P M Kuin, I M Monageng, S Covino, P Jakobsson, A J van der Horst, K Wiersema, M Böttcher, S Campana, V D’Elia, E S Gorbovskoy, I Gorbunov, D N Groenewald, D H Hartmann, V G Kornilov, C G Mundell, R Podesta, J K Thomas, N Tyurina, D Vlasenko, B van Soelen, D Xu, National Research Foundation (South Africa), Russian Foundation for Basic Research, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Space and Planetary Science ,Magnetic fields ,Polarimetry ,Jets ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Gamma-ray bursts ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,High energy astrophysics ,Shocks ,QC ,QB - Abstract
Full list of authors: Buckley, D. A. H.; Bagnulo, S.; Britto, R. J.; Mao, J.; Kann, D. A.; Cooper, J.; Lipunov, V.; Hewitt, D. M.; Razzaque, S.; Kuin, N. P. M.; Monageng, I. M.; Covino, S.; Jakobsson, P.; van der Horst, A. J.; Wiersema, K.; Böttcher, M.; Campana, S.; D'Elia, V.; Gorbovskoy, E. S.; Gorbunov, I.; Groenewald, D. N.; Hartmann, D. H.; Kornilov, V. G.; Mundell, C. G.; Podesta, R.; Thomas, J. K.; Tyurina, N.; Vlasenko, D.; van Soelen, B.; Xu, D., We report on results of spectropolarimetry of the afterglow of the long gamma-ray burst GRB 191221B, obtained with SALT/RSS and VLT/FORS2, as well as photometry from two telescopes in the MASTER Global Robotic Network, at the MASTER-SAAO (South Africa) and MASTER-OAFA (Argentina) stations. Prompt optical emission was detected by MASTER-SAAO 38 s after the alert, which dimmed from a magnitude (white-light) of ∼10-16.2 mag over a period of ∼10 ks, followed by a plateau phase lasting ∼10 ks and then a decline to ∼18 mag after 80 ks. The light curve shows complex structure, with four or five distinct breaks in the power-law decline rate. SALT/RSS linear spectropolarimetry of the afterglow began ∼2.9 h after the burst, during the early part of the plateau phase of the light curve. Absorption lines seen at ∼6010 and 5490 Å are identified with the Mg ii 2799 Å line from the host galaxy at z = 1.15 and an intervening system located at z = 0.96. The mean linear polarization measured over 3400-8000 Å was ∼1.5 per cent and the mean equatorial position angle (θ) was ∼65°. VLT/FORS2 spectropolarimetry was obtained ∼10 h post-burst, during a period of slow decline (α = -0.44), and the polarization was measured to be p = 1.2 per cent and θ = 60°. Two observations with the MeerKAT radio telescope, taken 30 and 444 d after the GRB trigger, detected radio emission from the host galaxy only. We interpret the light curve and polarization of this long GRB in terms of a slow-cooling forward shock. © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society., Some of the observations presented here were obtained with SALT under programme 2018-2-LSP-001 (PI: DAHB), which is supported by Poland under grant no. MNiSW DIR/WK/2016/07. Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programme 0104.D-0600(C). DAHB and JT acknowledge support through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa. MB is supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative (grant no. 64789) of the Department of Science and Innovation and the NRF.5 DMH acknowledges financial support from the NRF and the SAAO. SR is partially supported by NRF with grant no. 111749 (CPRR) and by a University of Johannesburg Research Council grant. DAK acknowledges support from Spanish National Research Project RTI2018-098104-J-I00 (GRBPhot). NPMK acknowledges support by the UK Space Agency. MASTER (equipment) is supported by Lomonosov Moscow State University Development Program. VL and DV are supported by RFBR grant 19-29-11011. CGM acknowledges financial support from Hiroko and Jim Sherwin. We thank the Director and staff of SARAO for supporting our MeerKAT DDT observation. The MeerKAT telescope is operated by the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), which is a facility of the National Research Foundation, an agency of the Department of Science and Innovation. Based on observations made with the SALT and the MeerKAT radio telescope array., With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709.
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- 2021
9. Rapid-response radio observations of short GRB 181123B with the Australia Telescope Compact Array
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Antonia Rowlinson, Jamie Stevens, Richard M. Plotkin, Ralph A. M. J. Wijers, G. E. Anderson, Jean-Pierre Macquart, Paul Hancock, M. D. Aksulu, James Miller-Jones, Martin Bell, Arash Bahramian, A. J. van der Horst, Stuart D. Ryder, and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,Gravitational wave ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Flux ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Electron ,Radio spectrum ,LIGO ,Afterglow ,law.invention ,Telescope ,Space and Planetary Science ,law ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Gamma-ray burst - Abstract
We introduce the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) rapid-response mode by presenting the first successful trigger on the short-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) 181123B. Early-time radio observations of short GRBs may provide vital insights into the radio afterglow properties of Advanced LIGO- and Virgo-detected gravitational wave events, which will in turn inform follow-up strategies to search for counterparts within their large positional uncertainties. The ATCA was on target within 12.6 hr post-burst, when the source had risen above the horizon. While no radio afterglow was detected during the 8.3 hr observation, we obtained force-fitted flux densities of $7 \pm 12$ and $15 \pm 11~\mu$Jy at 5.5 and 9 GHz, respectively. Afterglow modelling of GRB 181123B showed that the addition of the ATCA force-fitted radio flux densities to the Swift X-ray Telescope detections provided more stringent constraints on the fraction of thermal energy in the electrons (log$\epsilon_e = -0.75^{+0.39}_{-0.40}$ rather than log$\epsilon_e = -1.13^{+0.82}_{-1.2}$ derived without the inclusion of the ATCA values), which is consistent with the range of typical $\epsilon_e$ derived from GRB afterglow modelling. This allowed us to predict that the forward shock may have peaked in the radio band $\sim10$ days post-burst, producing detectable radio emission $\gtrsim3-4$ days post-burst. Overall, we demonstrate the potential for extremely rapid radio follow-up of transients and the importance of triggered radio observations for constraining GRB blast wave properties, regardless of whether there is a detection, via the inclusion of force-fitted radio flux densities in afterglow modelling efforts., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
- Published
- 2021
10. Broadband X-ray burst spectroscopy of the fast-radio-burst-emitting Galactic magnetar
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Gaurava K. Jaisawal, Keith C. Gendreau, Alice K. Harding, Chin-Ping Hu, George Younes, Beverly LaMarr, Lin Lin, Teruaki Enoto, J. Pope, Matthew G. Baring, Zaven Arzoumanian, Wynn C. G. Ho, Yuki Kaneko, James F. Steiner, Ersin Gogus, Zorawar Wadiasingh, J. Doty, Takashi Okajima, Walid A. Majid, Tolga Guver, Chryssa Kouveliotou, M. Saylor, Paul S. Ray, A. J. van der Horst, Sebastien Guillot, Oliver J. Roberts, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Physics ,Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Fast radio burst ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Milky Way ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Magnetar ,01 natural sciences ,Spectral line ,Neutron star ,13. Climate action ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Spectroscopy ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope - Abstract
Magnetars are young, magnetically powered neutron stars that possess the strongest magnetic fields in the Universe. Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are extremely intense millisecond-long radio pulses of primarily extragalactic origin, and a leading attribution for their genesis focuses on magnetars. A hallmark signature of magnetars is their emission of bright, hard X-ray bursts of sub-second duration. On 27 April 2020, the Galactic magnetar SGR J1935+2154 emitted hundreds of X-ray bursts within a few hours. One of these temporally coincided with an FRB, the first known detection of an FRB from the Milky Way. Here, we present spectral and temporal analyses of 24 X-ray bursts emitted 13 hours prior to the FRB and seen simultaneously with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) mission of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and with the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) mission in their combined energy range of 0.2 keV to 30 MeV. These broadband spectra permit direct comparison with the spectrum of the FRB-associated X-ray burst (FRB-X). We demonstrate that all 24 NICER and GBM bursts are very similar temporally to the FRB-X, but strikingly different spectrally. The singularity of the FRB-X burst is perhaps indicative of an uncommon locale for its origin. We suggest that this event originated in quasi-polar open or closed magnetic field lines that extend to high altitudes. Twenty-four X-ray bursts from a Galactic magnetar simultaneously observed with NICER and Fermi permit a direct comparison to a later X-ray burst that was coincident with a fast radio burst (FRB). The FRB-related burst is spectrally distinct, pointing to an unusual point of emission.
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- 2021
11. EP04.02-002 International Consensus on Actions to Improve Lung Cancer Survival: Delphi Method in the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership
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C. Lynch, S. Harrison, J. Butler, D. Baldwin, P. Dawkins, J. van der Horst, E. Jakobsen, J. McAleese, A. McWilliams, K. Redmond, A. Swaminath, and C. Finley
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Oncology - Published
- 2022
12. Night shift work characteristics are associated with several elevated metabolic risk factors and immune cell counts in a cross-sectional study
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Astrid A. Streng, Bette Loef, Martijn E. T. Dollé, Gijsbertus T. J. van der Horst, Inês Chaves, Karin I. Proper, Linda W. M. van Kerkhof, APH - Societal Participation & Health, and Molecular Genetics
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Immunity, Cellular ,Time Factors ,Multidisciplinary ,Science ,Shift Work Schedule ,Body Mass Index ,Cohort Studies ,Leukocyte Count ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Risk Factors ,Work Schedule Tolerance ,Medicine ,Waist Circumference ,Occupational Health - Abstract
Night shift work is associated with increased health risks. Here we examined the association of metabolic risk factors and immune cell counts, with both night shift work and particular characteristics thereof: frequency, duration and consecutive night shifts. We performed a cross-sectional study using data from 10,201 non-shift workers and 1062 night shift workers of the Lifelines Cohort study. Linear regression analyses, adjusted for demographic, lifestyle and occupational factors, were used to study associations of night shift work characteristics with metabolic risk factors and immune cell counts. Night shift workers had an increased BMI, waist circumference and immune cell counts compared to non-shift workers. This was especially seen in night shift workers who had a higher frequency of night shifts per month (≥ 5: BMI: B = 0.81 kg/m2 (95%-CI = 0.43–1.10); waist circumference: B = 1.58 cm (95%-Cl = 0.34–1.71; leukocytes: B = 0.19 × 109 cells/L (95%-CI = 0.04–0.34 × 109)) and worked more consecutive night shifts (> 3: BMI: B = 0.92 kg/m2 (95%-CI = 0.41–1.43); waist circumference: B = 1.85 cm (95%-Cl = 0.45–3.24); leukocytes: B = 0.32 × 109 cells/L (95%-CI = 0.09–0.55 × 109)). This association was less pronounced in long-term night shift workers (≥ 20 years). Our findings provide evidence for the association between night shift work characteristics and BMI, waist circumference and leukocytes (including, monocytes, lymphocytes, and basophil granulocytes).
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- 2022
13. Radio observations of the Black Hole X-ray Binary EXO 1846−031 re-awakening from a 34-year slumber
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D R A Williams, S E Motta, R Fender, J C A Miller-Jones, J Neilsen, J R Allison, J Bright, I Heywood, P F L Jacob, L Rhodes, E Tremou, P A Woudt, J van den Eijnden, F Carotenuto, D A Green, D Titterington, A J van der Horst, P Saikia, Williams, DRA [0000-0001-7361-0246], Motta, SE [0000-0002-6154-5843], Miller-Jones, JCA [0000-0003-3124-2814], Allison, JR [0000-0003-0436-4680], Bright, J [0000-0002-7735-5796], Heywood, I [0000-0001-6864-5057], Rhodes, L [0000-0003-2705-4941], Tremou, E [0000-0002-4039-6703], Woudt, PA [0000-0002-6896-1655], Carotenuto, F [0000-0002-0426-3276], Green, DA [0000-0003-3189-9998], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,X-rays: binaries ,X-rays: individual: EXO 1846-031 ,Space and Planetary Science ,radio continuum: transients ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present radio [1.3 GHz MeerKAT, 4-8 GHz Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and 15.5 GHz Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Large Array (AMI-LA)] and X-ray (Swift and MAXI) data from the 2019 outburst of the candidate Black Hole X-ray Binary (BHXB) EXO 1846-031. We compute a Hardness-Intensity diagram, which shows the characteristic q-shaped hysteresis of BHXBs in outburst. EXO 1846-031 was monitored weekly with MeerKAT and approximately daily with AMI-LA. The VLA observations provide sub-arcsecond-resolution images at key points in the outburst, showing moving radio components. The radio and X-ray light curves broadly follow each other, showing a peak on ~MJD 58702, followed by a short decline before a second peak between ~MJD 58731-58739. We estimate the minimum energy of these radio flares from equipartition, calculating values of $E_{\rm min} \sim$ 4$\times$10$^{41}$ and 5$\times$10$^{42}$ erg, respectively. The exact date of the return to `quiescence' is missed in the X-ray and radio observations, but we suggest that it likely occurred between MJD 58887 and 58905. From the Swift X-ray flux on MJD 58905 and assuming the soft-to-hard transition happened at 0.3-3 per cent Eddington, we calculate a distance range of 2.4-7.5\,kpc. We computed the radio:X-ray plane for EXO 1846-031 in the `hard' state, showing that it is most likely a `radio-quiet' BH, preferentially at 4.5 kpc. Using this distance and a jet inclination angle of $\theta$=73$^{\circ}$, the VLA data place limits on the intrinsic jet speed of $\beta_{\rm int} = 0.29c$, indicating sub-luminal jet motion., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS on 20 September 2022, 17 pages, 6 figures
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- 2022
14. Sub-arcsecond imaging with the International LOFAR Telescope II. Completion of the LOFAR Long-Baseline Calibrator Survey
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G. K. Miley, Annalisa Bonafede, M. P. van Haarlem, Jochen Eislöffel, John McKean, P. C. G. van Dijk, M. A. Garrett, B. Ciardi, R. Blaauw, E. Jütte, Harvey Butcher, O. Wucknitz, Luitje Koopmans, Oleg Smirnov, M. Pandey-Pommier, Pietro Zucca, Joseph R. Callingham, S. Mooney, R. J. van Weeren, A. Nelles, Antonia Rowlinson, W. Reich, Heino Falcke, S. Duscha, Rajan Chhetri, Emanuela Orrú, G. Mann, Dominik J. Schwarz, Michiel A. Brentjens, P. Zarka, M. Ruiter, Hanna Rothkaehl, Kaspars Prūsis, Ralph A. M. J. Wijers, S. Badole, Jean-Mathias Griessmeier, P. Maat, Neal Jackson, Marco Iacobelli, Jeremy J. Harwood, Andrzej Krankowski, M. J. Norden, Vishambhar Pandey, A. J. van der Horst, John Morgan, F. Sweijen, Adam Deller, George Heald, S. Damstra, Martin J. Hardcastle, Mark J. Bentum, Ashish Asgekar, Leah K. Morabito, A. W. Gunst, M. Tagger, A. Shulevski, C. Vocks, A. Drabent, Javier Moldon, A. H. W. M. Coolen, M. Paas, Atvars Nikolajevs, W. N. Brouw, J. Sluman, Roberto Pizzo, Marcus Brüggen, Henk Mulder, Matthias Hoeft, F. de Gasperin, I. M. Avruch, J. A. Zensus, Arthur Corstanje, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, UK Research and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Center for Wireless Technology Eindhoven, and EM for Radio Science Lab
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active -Radio continuum ,active [Galaxies] ,Radio galaxy ,galaxies -Atmospheric physics ,Astronomy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Flux ,Murchison Widefield Array ,ionosphere ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Surveys ,Interplanetary scintillation ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Instrumentation ,Remote sensing ,media_common ,Physics ,Spectral index ,[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Radio lines: galaxies ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,interferometers [Instrumentation] ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Quasar ,LOFAR ,Galaxies: active ,interferometers -Techniques ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,galaxies [Radio lines] ,Space and Planetary Science ,Sky ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Instrumentation: interferometers ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,Techniques: interferometric ,interferometric [Techniques] ,interferometric -Surveys -Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
Full list of authors: Jackson, N.; Badole, S.; Morgan, J.; Chhetri, R.; Prūsis, K.; Nikolajevs, A.; Morabito, L.; Brentjens, M.; Sweijen, F.; Iacobelli, M.; Orrù, E.; Sluman, J.; Blaauw, R.; Mulder, H.; van Dijk, P.; Mooney, S.; Deller, A.; Moldon, J.; Callingham, J. R.; Harwood, J.; Hardcastle, M.; Heald, G.; Drabent, A.; McKean, J. P.; Asgekar, A.; Avruch, I. M.; Bentum, M. J.; Bonafede, A.; Brouw, W. N.; Brüggen, M.; Butcher, H. R.; Ciardi, B.; Coolen, A.; Corstanje, A.; Damstra, S.; Duscha, S.; Eislöffel, J.; Falcke, H.; Garrett, M.; de Gasperin, F.; Griessmeier, J. -M.; Gunst, A. W.; van Haarlem, M. P.; Hoeft, M.; van der Horst, A. J.; Jütte, E.; Koopmans, L. V. E.; Krankowski, A.; Maat, P.; Mann, G.; Miley, G. K.; Nelles, A.; Norden, M.; Paas, M.; Pandey, V. N.; Pandey-Pommier, M.; Pizzo, R. F.; Reich, W.; Rothkaehl, H.; Rowlinson, A.; Ruiter, M.; Shulevski, A.; Schwarz, D. J.; Smirnov, O.; Tagger, M.; Vocks, C.; van Weeren, R. J.; Wijers, R.; Wucknitz, O.; Zarka, P.; Zensus, J. A.; Zucca, P., The Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) Long-Baseline Calibrator Survey (LBCS) was conducted between 2014 and 2019 in order to obtain a set of suitable calibrators for the LOFAR array. In this paper, we present the complete survey, building on the preliminary analysis published in 2016 which covered approximately half the survey area. The final catalogue consists of 30 006 observations of 24 713 sources in the northern sky, selected for a combination of high low-frequency radio flux density and flat spectral index using existing surveys (WENSS, NVSS, VLSS, and MSSS). Approximately one calibrator per square degree, suitable for calibration of ≥200 km baselines is identified by the detection of compact flux density, for declinations north of 30° and away from the Galactic plane, with a considerably lower density south of this point due to relative difficulty in selecting flat-spectrum candidate sources in this area of the sky. The catalogue contains indicators of degree of correlated flux on baselines between the Dutch core and each of the international stations, involving a maximum baseline length of nearly 2000 km, for all of the observations. Use of the VLBA calibrator list, together with statistical arguments by comparison with flux densities from lower-resolution catalogues, allow us to establish a rough flux density scale for the LBCS observations, so that LBCS statistics can be used to estimate compact flux densities on scales between 300 mas and 2′′, for sources observed in the survey. The survey is used to estimate the phase coherence time of the ionosphere for the LOFAR international baselines, with median phase coherence times of about 2 min varying by a few tens of percent between theshortest and longest baselines. The LBCS can be used to assess the structures of point sources in lower-resolution surveys, with significant reductions in the degree of coherence in these sources on scales between 2′′ and 300 mas. The LBCS survey sources show a greater incidence of compact flux density in quasars than in radio galaxies, consistent with unified schemes of radio sources. Comparison with samples of sources from interplanetary scintillation (IPS) studies with the Murchison Widefield Array shows consistent patterns of detection of compact structure in sources observed both interferometrically with LOFAR and using IPS. © ESO 2022., Support for the operation of the MWA is provided by the Australian Government (NCRIS), under a contract to Curtin University administered by Astronomy Australia Limited. We acknowledge the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre which is supported by the Western Australian and Australian Governments. A.D. acknowledges support by the BMBF Verbundforschung under the grant 052020. L.K.M. is grateful for support from the UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship (grant MR/T042842/1). J. Moldón acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709) and from the grant RTI2018-096228-B-C31 (MICIU/FEDER, EU). J.P.M. acknowledges support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, project number 629.001.023) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS, project number 114A11KYSB20170054).
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- 2022
15. Jet-Cocoon Geometry in the Optically Dark, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Burst 201216C
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L Rhodes, A J van der Horst, R Fender, D R Aguilera-Dena, J S Bright, S Vergani, and D R A Williams
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,individual: GRB 201216C [gamma-ray burst] ,transients [radio continuum] ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,dust, extinction [ISM] ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
We present the results of a radio observing campaign on GRB 201216C, combined with publicly available optical and X-ray data. The detection of very high energy (VHE, >100GeV) emission by MAGIC makes this the fifth VHE GRB at time of publication. Comparison between the optical and X-ray light curves show that GRB 201216C is a dark GRB, i.e. the optical emission is significantly absorbed and is fainter than expected from the X-ray detections. Our e-MERLIN data also shows evidence of diffractive interstellar scintillation. We can study the column density along the line-of-sight to the GRB in both the host galaxy, from the damped optical light curve, and the Milky Way, via scintillation studies. We find that the afterglow is best modelled using a jet-cocoon geometry within a stellar wind environment. Fitting the data with a multi-component model we estimate that the optical, X-ray and higher-frequency radio data before ~25days originates from an ultra-relativistic jet with an isotropic equivalent kinetic energy of (0.6-10)x10^52erg and an opening angle of ~1-9deg. The lower-frequency radio emission detected by MeerKAT, from day 28 onwards, is produced by the cocoon with a kinetic energy that is between two and seven orders of magnitude lower (0.02-50)x10^48erg. The energies of the two components are comparable to those derived in simulations of such scenarios., 15 pages, 8 figures. Accepted to MNRAS
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- 2022
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16. Wandering Black Hole Candidates in Dwarf Galaxies at VLBI Resolution
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Andrew J. Sargent, Megan C. Johnson, Amy E. Reines, Nathan J. Secrest, Alexander J. van der Horst, Phil J. Cigan, Jeremy Darling, and Jenny E. Greene
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Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
Thirteen dwarf galaxies have recently been found to host radio-selected accreting massive black hole (MBH) candidates, some of which are ``wandering" in the outskirts of their hosts. We present 9 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of these sources at milliarcsecond resolution. Our observations have beam solid angles ${\sim}10^4$ times smaller than the previous Very Large Array (VLA) observations at 9 GHz, with comparable point source sensitivities. We detect milliarcsecond-scale radio sources at the positions of the four VLA sources most distant from the photo-centers of their associated dwarf galaxies. These sources have brightness temperatures of ${>}10^6~\mathrm{K}$, consistent with active galactic nuclei (AGNs), but the significance of their preferential location at large distances ($p$-value~$=0.0014$) favors a background AGN interpretation. The VLBA non-detections toward the other 9 galaxies indicate that the VLA sources are resolved out on scales of tens of milliarcseconds, requiring extended radio emission and lower brightness temperatures consistent with either star formation or radio lobes associated with AGN activity. We explore the star formation explanation by calculating the expected radio emission for these nine VLBA non-detections, finding that about 5 have VLA luminosities that are inconsistent with this scenario. Of the remaining four, two are associated with spectroscopically confirmed AGNs that are consistent with being located at their galaxy photo-centers. There are therefore between 5 and 7 wandering MBH candidates out of the 13 galaxies we observed, although we cannot rule out background AGNs for five of them with the data in hand., 13 pages, 3 figures, Accepted in ApJ
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- 2022
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17. Magnetar spin-down glitch clearing the way for FRB-like bursts and a pulsed radio episode
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G. Younes, M. G. Baring, A. K. Harding, T. Enoto, Z. Wadiasingh, A. B. Pearlman, W. C. G. Ho, S. Guillot, Z. Arzoumanian, A. Borghese, K. Gendreau, E. Göğüş, T. Güver, A. J. van der Horst, C.-P. Hu, G. K. Jaisawal, C. Kouveliotou, L. Lin, and W. A. Majid
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
Magnetars are a special subset of the isolated neutron star family, with X-ray and radio emission mainly powered by the decay of their immense magnetic fields. Many attributes of magnetars remain poorly understood: spin-down glitches or the sudden reductions in the star's angular momentum, radio bursts reminiscent of extra-galactic Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), and transient pulsed radio emission lasting months to years. Here we unveil the detection of a large spin-down glitch event ($|\Delta\nu/\nu| = 5.8_{-1.6}^{+2.6}\times10^{-6}$) from the magnetar SGR~1935+2154 on 2020 October 5 (+/- 1 day). We find no change to the source persistent surface thermal or magnetospheric X-ray behavior, nor is there evidence of strong X-ray bursting activity. Yet, in the subsequent days, the magnetar emitted three FRB-like radio bursts followed by a month long episode of pulsed radio emission. Given the rarity of spin-down glitches and radio signals from magnetars, their approximate synchronicity suggests an association, providing pivotal clues to their origin and triggering mechanisms, with ramifications to the broader magnetar and FRB populations. We postulate that impulsive crustal plasma shedding close to the magnetic pole generates a wind that combs out magnetic field lines, rapidly reducing the star's angular momentum, while temporarily altering the magnetospheric field geometry to permit the pair creation needed to precipitate radio emission., Comment: 51 pages, 3 tables, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Nature Astronomy
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- 2022
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18. Dissecting the interstellar medium of a z=6.3 galaxy: X-shooter spectroscopy and HST imaging of the afterglow and environment of the Swift GRB 210905A
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A. Saccardi, S. D. Vergani, A. De Cia, V. D’Elia, K. E. Heintz, L. Izzo, J. T. Palmerio, P. Petitjean, A. Rossi, A. de Ugarte Postigo, L. Christensen, C. Konstantopoulou, A. J. Levan, D. B. Malesani, P. Møller, T. Ramburuth-Hurt, R. Salvaterra, N. R. Tanvir, C. C. Thöne, S. Vejlgaard, J. P. U. Fynbo, D. A. Kann, P. Schady, D. J. Watson, K. Wiersema, S. Campana, S. Covino, M. De Pasquale, H. Fausey, D. H. Hartmann, A. J. van der Horst, P. Jakobsson, E. Palazzi, G. Pugliese, S. Savaglio, R. L. C. Starling, G. Stratta, T. Zafar, HEP, INSPIRE, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and European Research Council
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Galaxies: abundances ,Galaxies: high-redshift ,Gamma-ray burst: general ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Dust ,Extinction ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Galaxies: ISM ,Gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 210905A ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,[PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] - Abstract
Full list of authors: Saccardi, A.; Vergani, S. D.; De Cia, A.; D'Elia, V.; Heintz, K. E.; Izzo, L.; Palmerio, J. T.; Petitjean, P.; Rossi, A.; Postigo, A. de Ugarte; Christensen, L.; Konstantopoulou, C.; Levan, A. J.; Malesani, D. B.; Moller, P.; Ramburuth-Hurt, T.; Salvaterra, R.; Tanvir, N. R.; Thone, C. C.; Vejlgaard, S.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Kann, D. A.; Schady, P.; Watson, D. J.; Wiersema, K.; Campana, S.; Covino, S.; De Pasquale, M.; Fausey, H.; Hartmann, D. H.; van der Horst, A. J.; Jakobsson, P.; Palazzi, E.; Pugliese, G.; Savaglio, S.; Starling, R. L. C.; Stratta, G.; Zafar, T.-- This is an Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., The study of the properties of galaxies in the first billion years after the Big Bang is one of the major topics of current astrophysics. Optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of the afterglows of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provides a powerful diagnostic tool to probe the interstellar medium (ISM) of their host galaxies and foreground absorbers, even up to the highest redshifts. We analyze the VLT/X-shooter afterglow spectrum of GRB 210905A, triggered by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, and detect neutral hydrogen, low-ionization, high-ionization, and fine-structure absorption lines from a complex system at z = 6.3118, which we associate with the GRB host galaxy. We use them to study the ISM properties of the host system, revealing the metallicity, kinematics, and chemical abundance pattern of its gas along the GRB line of sight. We also detect absorption lines from at least two foreground absorbers at z = 5.7390 and z = 2.8296. The total metallicity of the z ∼ 6.3 system is [M/H]tot = −1.72 ± 0.13, after correcting for dust depletion and taking α-element enhancement into account, as suggested by our analysis. This is consistent with the values found for the other two GRBs at z ∼ 6 with spectroscopic data showing metal absorption lines (GRB 050904 and GRB 130606A), and it is at the higher end of the metallicity distribution of quasar damped Lyman-α systems (QSO-DLAs) extrapolated to such a high redshift. In addition, we determine the overall amount of dust and dust-to-metal mass ratio (DTM) ([Zn/Fe]fit = 0.33 ± 0.09 and DTM = 0.18 ± 0.03). We find indications of nucleosynthesis due to massive stars and, for some of the components of the gas clouds, we find evidence of peculiar nucleosynthesis, with an overabundance of aluminum (as also found for GRB 130606A). From the analysis of fine-structure lines, we determine distances of several kiloparsecs for the low-ionization gas clouds closest to the GRB. Those are farther distances than usually found for GRB host absorption systems, possibly due to the very high number of ionizing photons produced by the GRB that could ionize the line of sight up to several hundreds of parsecs. Using the HST/F140W image of the GRB field, we show the GRB host galaxy (with a possible afterglow contamination) as well as multiple objects within 2″ from the GRB position. We discuss the galaxy structure and kinematics that could explain our observations, also taking into account a tentative detection of Lyman-α emission at z = 6.3449 (∼1200 km s−1 from the GRB redshift in velocity space), and the observational properties of Lyman-α emitters at very high redshift. This study shows the amazing potential of GRBs to access detailed information on the properties (metal enrichment, gas kinematic, dust content, nucleosynthesis...) of very high-redshift galaxies, independently of the galaxy luminosity. Deep spectroscopic observations with VLT/MUSE and JWST will offer the unique possibility of combining the information presented in this paper with the properties of the ionized gas, with the goal of better understanding how galaxies in the reionization era form and evolve. © The Authors 2023., This work was supported by CNES. A.S. and S.D.V. acknowledge support from DIM-ACAV+. D.A.K. acknowledges support from Spanish National Research Project RTI2018-098104-J-I00 (GRBPhot). A.J.L. and D.B.M. are supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 725246). The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. NRT is supported by STFC consolidated grant ST/W000857/1. A.R., E.P., G.S. and S.S. acknowledge support from PRIN-MIUR 2017 (grant 20179ZF5KS). G.S. acknowledges the support by the State of Hesse within the Research Cluster ELEMENTS (Project ID 500/10.006)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).
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- 2022
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19. 21 new long-term variables in the GX 339−4 field: two years of MeerKAT monitoring
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L N Driessen, B W Stappers, E Tremou, R P Fender, P A Woudt, R Armstrong, S Bloemen, P Groot, I Heywood, A Horesh, A J van der Horst, E Koerding, V A McBride, J C A Miller-Jones, K P Mooley, A Rowlinson, R A M J Wijers, and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astronomy ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present 21 new long-term variable radio sources found commensally in two years of weekly MeerKAT monitoring of the low-mass X-ray binary GX 339-4. The new sources vary on time scales of weeks to months and have a variety of light curve shapes and spectral index properties. Three of the new variable sources are coincident with multi-wavelength counterparts; and one of these is coincident with an optical source in deep MeerLICHT images. For most sources, we cannot eliminate refractive scintillation of active galactic nuclei as the cause of the variability. These new variable sources represent $2.2\pm0.5$ per cent of the unresolved sources in the field, which is consistent with the 1-2 per cent variability found in past radio variability surveys. However, we expect to find short-term variable sources in the field as well as these 21 new long-term variable sources. We present the radio light curves and spectral index variability of the new variable sources, as well as the absolute astrometry and matches to coincident sources at other wavelengths., 26 pages, 17 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS 2022 March 14. Received 2022 February 17; in original form 2021 July 11
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- 2022
20. P175 Bronchoscopy training in Scotland: feedback from Respiratory trainees during the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic
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J Maclay, K. Sharma, J Van Der Horst, and F. Catterall
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Bronchoscopy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Medical emergency ,medicine.disease ,business ,Curriculum ,Simulation training - Abstract
P175 Figure 1Abstract P175 Figure 2Abstract P175 Figure 3ConclusionsOur data has indicated a need for change in bronchoscopy training. In particular we found trainees were dissatisfied with the curriculum and methods of assessment. From our literature search, UK bronchoscopy training lacks a clear and robust structure compared to other countries. This data will be used to support a proposal for a bronchoscopy simulation training programme.
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- 2021
21. Bursts from High-magnetic-field Pulsars Swift J1818.0-1607 and PSR J1846.4-0258
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Mete Uzuner, Özge Keskin, Yuki Kaneko, Ersin Göğüş, Oliver J. Roberts, Lin Lin, Matthew G. Baring, Can Güngör, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Alexander J. van der Horst, and George Younes
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Space and Planetary Science ,Astronomy and Astrophysics - Abstract
The detection of magnetar-like bursts from highly magnetic (B > 1013 G) rotation-powered pulsars (RPPs) opened the magnetar population to yet another group of neutron stars. At the same time the question arose as to whether magnetar-like bursts from high-B RPPs have similar characteristics to bursts from known magnetar sources. We present here our analyses of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) data from two magnetar candidates, Swift J1818.0−1607 (a radio-loud magnetar) and PSR J1846.4−0258. Both sources entered active bursting episodes in 2020 triggering Fermi-GBM in 2020 and in early 2021. We searched for untriggered bursts from both sources and performed temporal and spectral analyses on all events. Here, we present the results of our comprehensive burst search and analyses. We identified 37 and 58 bursts that likely originated from Swift J1818.0−1607 and PSR J1846.4−0258, respectively. We find that the bursts from these sources are shorter on average than typical magnetar bursts. In addition, their spectra are best described with a single blackbody function with kT ∼ 10–11 keV; several relatively bright events, however, show higher energy emission that could be modeled with a cutoff power-law model. We find that the correlation between the blackbody emitting area and the spectral temperature for the burst ensemble of each pulsar deviates from the ideal Stefan–Boltzmann law, as it does for some burst-active magnetars. We interpret this characteristic as being due to the significant radiation anisotropy expected from optically thick plasmas in very strong magnetic fields.
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- 2022
22. A Broadband, High Common-Mode Rejection Ratio Instrumentation Amplifier
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Marcel J. van der Horst and Faculteit Techniek
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Signal processing ,Common-mode rejection ratio ,Computer science ,law ,Broadband ,Electronic engineering ,Operational amplifier ,Instrumentation amplifier ,Resistor ,Low voltage ,Voltage ,law.invention - Abstract
An operational amplifier based instrumentation amplifier (IA) with a common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) independent of resistance tolerances is presented in this paper. The CMRR is determined by the operational amplifier characteristics. The IA shows a high CMRR up to 100 kHz. Moreover, since the presented IA operates in the current domain, no large internal voltage swings occur, making it an interesting choice for low-voltage applications in situations where common-mode disturbances may affect the signal processing.
- Published
- 2021
23. 196P An international consensus on actions to improve lung cancer survival: A clinical review by the international cancer benchmarking partnership (ICBP)
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C. Lynch, S. Harrison, J. Butler, D.R. Baldwin, P. Dawkins, J. van der Horst, E. Jakobsen, J. McAleese, A. McWilliams, K. Redmond, A. Swaminath, and C. Finley
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Oncology ,Hematology - Published
- 2022
24. Preclinical evidence for an effective therapeutic activity of FL118, a novel survivin inhibitor, in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
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Susan E. van Hal-van Veen, Hilma J. van der Horst, Joost D. de Bruijn, Fengzhi Li, Richard W.J. Groen, Huipin Yuan, Lisa C. Holthof, Henk M. Lokhorst, Marijke Buijze, Niels W.C.J. van de Donk, Ruud W.J. Ruiter, Sonja Zweegman, Morten Andersen, Tuna Mutis, VU University medical center, Hematology, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, and Hematology laboratory
- Subjects
Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Benzodioxoles ,business.industry ,Survivin ,Indolizines ,Hematology ,medicine.disease ,Text mining ,Internal medicine ,Relapsed refractory ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,Multiple Myeloma ,Online Only Articles ,business ,Multiple myeloma - Published
- 2019
25. How representative are FLUXNET measurements of surface fluxes during temperature extremes?
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Martin G. De Kauwe, Anna M. Ukkola, Andrew J. Pitman, Peter Isaac, Gab Abramowitz, and Sophie V. J. van der Horst
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0106 biological sciences ,Mediterranean climate ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,lcsh:Life ,Eddy covariance ,Sensible heat ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Temperature measurement ,lcsh:Geology ,lcsh:QH501-531 ,FluxNet ,13. Climate action ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,Latent heat ,Net ecosystem exchange ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Ecology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
In response to a warming climate, temperature extremes are changing in many regions of the world. Therefore, understanding how the fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat and net ecosystem exchange respond and contribute to these changes is important. We examined 216 sites from the open access Tier 1 FLUXNET2015 and free fair-use La Thuile data sets, focussing only on observed (non-gap-filled) data periods. We examined the availability of sensible heat, latent heat and net ecosystem exchange observations coincident in time with measured temperature for all temperatures, and separately for the upper and lower tail of the temperature distribution, and expressed this availability as a measurement ratio. We showed that the measurement ratios for both sensible and latent heat fluxes are generally lower (0.79 and 0.73 respectively) than for temperature measurements, and the measurement ratio of net ecosystem exchange measurements are appreciably lower (0.42). However, sites do exist with a high proportion of measured sensible and latent heat fluxes, mostly over the United States, Europe and Australia. Few sites have a high proportion of measured fluxes at the lower tail of the temperature distribution over very cold regions (e.g. Alaska, Russia) or at the upper tail in many warm regions (e.g. Central America and the majority of the Mediterranean region), and many of the world's coldest and hottest regions are not represented in the freely available FLUXNET data at all (e.g. India, the Gulf States, Greenland and Antarctica). However, some sites do provide measured fluxes at extreme temperatures, suggesting an opportunity for the FLUXNET community to share strategies to increase measurement availability at the tails of the temperature distribution. We also highlight a wide discrepancy between the measurement ratios across FLUXNET sites that is not related to the actual temperature or rainfall regimes at the site, which we cannot explain. Our analysis provides guidance to help select eddy covariance sites for researchers interested in understanding and/or modelling responses to temperature extremes.
- Published
- 2019
26. Gestational jet lag predisposes to later-life skeletal and cardiac disease
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Inês Chaves, Joost Gribnau, Gijsbertus T. J. van der Horst, Irwin K.M. Reiss, Marijke Schreuders-Koedam, Jeroen Essers, Bram C. J. van der Eerden, Yanto Ridwan, Ruben Boers, Ingrid van der Pluijm, Astrid A Streng, Joachim Boers, Marijn J. Vermeulen, Molecular Genetics, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC other, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Pediatrics, Clinical Genetics, Radiation Oncology, Surgery, and Developmental Biology
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Heart Diseases ,Physiology ,Offspring ,Period (gene) ,Photoperiod ,Circadian clock ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Circadian Clocks ,medicine ,Animals ,Circadian rhythm ,Jet Lag Syndrome ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Circadian Rhythm ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,Endocrinology ,DNA methylation ,Gestation ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Metabolic syndrome ,Bone Diseases ,business ,Weight gain ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Circadian rhythm disturbance (CRD) increases the risk of disease, e.g. metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In the present study, we investigated later life adverse health effects triggered by repeated jet lag during gestation. Pregnant mice were subjected to a regular light-dark cycle (CTRL) or to a repeated delay (DEL) or advance (ADV) jet lag protocol. Both DEL and ADV offspring showed reduced weight gain. ADV offspring had an increased circadian period, and an altered response to a jet lag was observed in both DEL and ADV offspring. Analysis of the bones of adult male ADV offspring revealed reduced cortical bone mass and strength. Strikingly, analysis of the heart identified structural abnormalities and impaired heart function. Finally, DNA methylation analysis revealed hypermethylation of miR17-92 cluster and differential methylation within circadian clock genes, which correlated with altered gene expression. We show that developmental CRD affects the circadian system and predisposes to non-communicable disease in adult life.
- Published
- 2019
27. The positive circadian regulators CLOCK and BMAL1 control G2/M cell cycle transition through Cyclin B1
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Jie Yan, Albert Goldbeter, Elham Aida Farshadi, Gijsbertus T. J. van der Horst, Inês Chaves, Pierre Leclere, and Molecular Genetics
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0301 basic medicine ,endocrine system ,Cell division ,Circadian clock ,Regulator ,CLOCK Proteins ,G2/M transition ,Biophysique ,Biology ,Cell cycle phase ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Circadian rhythm ,Cyclin B1 ,Molecular Biology ,ARNTL Transcription Factors ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,CLOCK/BMAL1 ,Cell Biology ,Cell cycle ,Circadian Rhythm ,3. Good health ,Cell biology ,G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints ,CLOCK ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,NIH 3T3 Cells ,cell cycle ,Research Paper ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
We previously identified a tight bidirectional phase coupling between the circadian clock and the cell cycle. To understand the role of the CLOCK/BMAL1 complex, representing the main positive regulator of the circadian oscillator, we knocked down Bmal1 or Clock in NIH3T33C mouse fibroblasts (carrying fluorescent reporters for clock and cell cycle phase) and analyzed timing of cell division in individual cells and cell populations. Inactivation of Bmal1 resulted in a loss of circadian rhythmicity and a lengthening of the cell cycle, originating from delayed G2/M transition. Subsequent molecular analysis revealed reduced levels of Cyclin B1, an important G2/M regulator, upon suppression of Bmal1 gene expression. In complete agreement with these experimental observations, simulation of Bmal1 knockdown in a computational model for coupled mammalian circadian clock and cell cycle oscillators (now incorporating Cyclin B1 induction by BMAL1) revealed a lengthening of the cell cycle. Similar data were obtained upon knockdown of Clock gene expression. In conclusion, the CLOCK/BMAL1 complex controls cell cycle progression at the level of G2/M transition through regulation of Cyclin B1 expression., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2019
28. S119 Pre-operative nodal staging of non-small cell lung cancer and risk of lung cancer recurrence in the West of Scotland
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L Stapleton, A Alkarn, J Van Der Horst, and J Maclay
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Concordance ,Odds ratio ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Mediastinoscopy ,Cohort ,Medicine ,Radiology ,Stage (cooking) ,business ,Lung cancer ,Pathological - Abstract
Introduction Precise staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) determines initial treatment and provides more accurate prognostic information for patients. Aim To determine presurgical nodal staging accuracy and its effect on 2-year recurrence in a cohort of patients who had modern staging investigations including Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography (PET-CT) and Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS). Methods Patient data were prospectively collected from 11 local MDTs. We included consecutive patients in the West of Scotland who underwent surgical resection from 2015 to 2017. Clinical and pathological nodal stages were recorded and compared and we investigated the effect of nodal stage change on recurrence. Recurrence at two years was determined using electronic case notes. Results 973 patients had complete data and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Concordance between clinical and pathological nodal staging was achieved in 783 patients (80%). 123 patients (13%) were pathologically upstaged, and 67 (7%) were downstaged post-surgery. In 173 patients with clinical N1 or N2 disease on CT or PET-CT, invasive mediastinal staging was indicated according to the current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance. Among those patients, staging EBUS was performed in 55 patients (32%) and mediastinoscopy in 5 patients. 113/173 (65%) did not undergo invasive staging. After adjusting for covariates, age (odds ratio (OR)=1.05, p=0.02) and staging EBUS (OR=2.0, p Inaccurate clinical nodal staging was associated with increased risk of disease recurrence 2 years post-surgery, independent of pathological nodal stage. This was the case for both post-surgical upstaging (p Conclusions A significant minority of patients had incorrect preoperative nodal staging which could be improved with staging EBUS in accordance with the NICE guideline. Inaccurate preoperative nodal staging was associated with a higher disease recurrence rate 2 years post-surgery, independent of pathological nodal stage.
- Published
- 2021
29. The Photo-z Infrared Telescope (PIRT) -- a space instrument for rapid follow up of high-redshift gamma-ray bursts and electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave events
- Author
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J. Rodriguez, V. Torossian, A. Woodmansee, M. Hart, A. Balady, Sylvain Guiriec, T. C. Chang, A. J. van der Horst, R. O. Morris, P. Willems, R. Sambruna, David M. Russell, E. T. Young, N. E. White, M. Rud, R. Dyer, R. Terrile, Peter W. A. Roming, H. Fausey, and M. Seiffert
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Physics ,Gravitational wave ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,James Webb Space Telescope ,Infrared telescope ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Field of view ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Redshift ,law.invention ,Telescope ,law ,Target of opportunity ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Gamma-ray burst ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) - Abstract
The Photo-z InfraRed Telescope (PIRT) is an instrument on the Gamow Explorer, currently proposed for a NASA Astrophysics Medium Explorer. PIRT works in tandem with a companion wide-field instrument, the Lobster Eye X-ray Telescope (LEXT), that will identify x-ray transients likely to be associated with high redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) or electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave (GW) events. After receiving an alert trigger from LEXT, the spacecraft will slew to center the PIRT field of view on the transient source. PIRT will then begin accumulating data simultaneously in five bands spanning 0.5 - 2.5 microns over a 10 arc-minute field of view. Each PIRT field will contain many hundreds of sources, only one of which is associated with the LEXT transient. PIRT will gather the necessary data in order to identify GRB sources with redshift $z > 6$, with an expected source localization better than 1 arcsec. A near real-time link to the ground will allow timely follow-up as a target of opportunity for large ground-based telescopes or the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). PIRT will also allow localization and characterization of GW event counterparts. We discuss the instrument design, the on-board data processing approach, and the expected performance of the system., 10 pages, 5 figures
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Fermi-GBM Observations of the SGR J1935+2154 Burst Forest
- Author
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Omer Faruk Coban, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Yuki Kaneko, George Younes, Ersin Gogus, Alexander J. van der Horst, Ozge Keskin, Lin Lin, Oliver J. Roberts, and Matthew G. Baring
- Subjects
Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope - Abstract
During 2020 April and May, SGR J1935+2154 emitted hundreds of short bursts and became one of the most prolific transient magnetars. At the onset of the active bursting period, a 130 s burst "forest," which included some bursts with peculiar time profiles, were observed with the Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). In this Letter, we present the results of time-resolved spectral analysis of this burst "forest" episode, which occurred on 2020 April 27. We identify thermal spectral components prevalent during the entire 130 s episode; high-energy maxima appear during the photon flux peaks, which are modulated by the spin period of the source. Moreover, the evolution of the $\nu F_{\nu}$ spectral hardness (represented by $E_{\rm peak}$ or blackbody temperature) within the lightcurve peaks is anti-correlated with the pulse phases extrapolated from the pulsation observed within the persistent soft X-ray emission of the source six hours later. Throughout the episode, the emitting area of the high-energy (hotter) component is 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than that for the low-energy component. We interpret this with a geometrical viewing angle scenario, inferring that the high-energy component likely originates from a low-altitude hotspot located within closed toroidal magnetic field lines., Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, 1 table (machine-readable table provided separately), Matches the published version
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Rapid Spectral Variability of a Giant Flare from a Magnetar in NGC 253
- Author
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A. J. van der Horst, Rachel Hamburg, Daniela Huppenkothen, J. A. Kennea, Chryssa Kouveliotou, A. Tohuvavohu, Colleen A. Wilson-Hodge, Dale D. Kocevski, S. I. Chastain, Ersin Gogus, Matthew G. Baring, Eric Burns, George Younes, Sylvain Guiriec, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Oliver J. Roberts, J. J. DeLaunay, J. D. Linford, P. N. Bhat, Michael S. Briggs, and Péter Veres
- Subjects
Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Multidisciplinary ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Local Group ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Plasma ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Magnetar ,01 natural sciences ,Spectral line ,Galaxy ,law.invention ,Neutron star ,Relativistic plasma ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Flare - Abstract
Magnetars are neutron stars with extremely strong magnetic fields (1013 to 1015 gauss)1,2, which episodically emit X-ray bursts approximately 100 milliseconds long and with energies of 1040 to 1041 erg. Occasionally, they also produce extremely bright and energetic giant flares, which begin with a short (roughly 0.2 seconds), intense flash, followed by fainter, longer-lasting emission that is modulated by the spin period of the magnetar3,4 (typically 2 to 12 seconds). Over the past 40 years, only three such flares have been observed in our local group of galaxies3–6, and in all cases the extreme intensity of the flares caused the detectors to saturate. It has been proposed that extragalactic giant flares are probably a subset7–11 of short γ-ray bursts, given that the sensitivity of current instrumentation prevents us from detecting the pulsating tail, whereas the initial bright flash is readily observable out to distances of around 10 to 20 million parsecs. Here we report X-ray and γ-ray observations of the γ-ray burst GRB 200415A, which has a rapid onset, very fast time variability, flat spectra and substantial sub-millisecond spectral evolution. These attributes match well with those expected for a giant flare from an extragalactic magnetar12, given that GRB 200415A is directionally associated13 with the galaxy NGC 253 (roughly 3.5 million parsecs away). The detection of three-megaelectronvolt photons provides evidence for the relativistic motion of the emitting plasma. Radiation from such rapidly moving gas around a rotating magnetar may have generated the rapid spectral evolution that we observe. Observations of a giant flare associated with the starburst galaxy NGC 253 suggest that the flare is probably associated with relativistic plasma in the magnetic field of a magnetar.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-mediated Resistance in Multiple Myeloma Against NK Cells can be Overcome by Introduction of CD38-CAR or TRAIL-variant
- Author
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Anne T. Gelderloos, Sonja Zweegman, Michael O'Dwyer, Niels W.C.J. van de Donk, Fengzhi Li, Lisa C. Holthof, Richard W.J. Groen, Hilma J. van der Horst, Arwen Stikvoort, Tuna Mutis, Renée Poels, VU University medical center, Hematology laboratory, AII - Cancer immunology, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, Hematology, and CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life
- Subjects
Stromal cell ,biology ,Chemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Hematology ,Immunotherapy ,CD38 ,Article ,Immune system ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,Bone marrow ,RC633-647.5 ,Antibody - Abstract
We have recently shown the strong negative impact of multiple myeloma (MM)-bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (BMMSC) interactions to several immunotherapeutic strategies including conventional T cells, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and daratumumab-redirected NK cells. This BMMSC-mediated immune resistance via the upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins in MM cells was mainly observed for moderately cytotoxic modalities. Here, we set out to assess the hypothesis that this distinct mode of immune evasion can be overcome by improving the overall efficacy of immune effector cells. Using an in vitro model, we aimed to improve the cytotoxic potential of KHYG-1 NK cells toward MM cells by the introduction of a CD38-specific CAR and a DR5-specific, optimized TRAIL-variant. Similar to what have been observed for T cells and moderately lytic CAR T cells, the cytolytic efficacy of unmodified KHYG-1 cells as well as of conventional, DR5-agonistic antibodies were strongly reduced in the presence of BMMSCs. Consistent with our earlier findings, the BMMSCs protected MM cells against KHYG-1 and DR5-agonistic antibodies by inducing resistance mechanisms that were largely abrogated by the small molecule FL118, an inhibitor of multiple antiapoptotic proteins including Survivin, Mcl-1, and XIAP. Importantly, the BMMSC-mediated immune resistance was also significantly diminished by engineering KHYG-1 cells to express the CD38-CAR or the TRAIL-variant. These results emphasize the critical effects of microenvironment-mediated immune resistance on the efficacy of immunotherapy and underscores that this mode of immune escape can be tackled by inhibition of key antiapoptotic molecules or by increasing the overall efficacy of immune killer cells.
- Published
- 2020
33. SCORPIO: Final design and performance estimates for time domain astronomy
- Author
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Stephen A. Smee, Manuel Maldonado-Medina, Ana Pérez-Calpena, Rebecca Thibodeaux, Thomas Lechner, Scot Kleinman, Adam Thornton, Jason L. Stange, S. Pope, Ruben Diaz, Manuel Lazo, Antonina Brody, Ethan E. Chaffee, Ernesto Sánchez-Blanco, Alexa K. Mathias, Amanda J. Bayless, Peter W. A. Roming, Stephen C. Hope, Carl L. Schwendeman, M. Andersen, Massimo Robberto, Ronnie Killough, Thomas L. Hayward, Todd J. Veach, Gerardo Veredas, Landon Gelman, Ernesto R. Verastegui, Alexander J. van der Horst, Kelly D. Smith, Robert H. Barkhouser, Stephen J. Goodsell, María Luisa García-Vargas, Jeffrey Radwick, G. A. Grubbs, K. B. Persson, and Andrew L. Peterson
- Subjects
Gemini Observatory ,Telescope ,Computer science ,Observatory ,law ,Systems engineering ,Time domain ,Instrument design ,Time domain astronomy ,law.invention - Abstract
SCORPIO is the next facility instrument for the Gemini South telescope at Cerro Pachon, Chile. SCORPIO’s main science driver is the detection and monitoring of faint time-domain events, in particular the follow-up of discoveries by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, but it can also carry out with unique efficiency a large variety of astrophysical programs. The instrument has recently passed Critical Design Review and is now in its Assembly, Integration and Verification phase. In this paper we provide an updated overview of the final instrument design and the main performance parameters in light of the science drivers.
- Published
- 2020
34. Identification of an X-Ray Pulsar in the BeXRB System IGR J18219−1347
- Author
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B. O’Connor, E. Göğüş, D. Huppenkothen, C. Kouveliotou, N. Gorgone, L. J. Townsend, A. Calamida, A. Fruchter, D. A. H. Buckley, M. G. Baring, J. A. Kennea, G. Younes, Z. Arzoumanian, E. Bellm, S. B. Cenko, K. Gendreau, J. Granot, C. Hailey, F. Harrison, D. Hartmann, L. Kaper, A. Kutyrev, P. O. Slane, D. Stern, E. Troja, A. J. van der Horst, R. A. M. J. Wijers, P. Woudt, and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
- Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We report on observations of the candidate Be/X-ray binary IGR J18219$-$1347 with \textit{Swift}/XRT, \textit{NuSTAR}, and \textit{NICER} during Type-I outbursts in March and June 2020. Our timing analysis revealed the spin period of a neutron star with $P_\textrm{spin}=52.46$ s. This periodicity, combined with the known orbital period of $72.4$ d, indicates that the system is a BeXRB. Furthermore, by comparing the infrared counterpart's spectral energy distribution to known BeXRBs, we confirm this classification and set a distance of approximately $10-15$ kpc for the source. The source's broadband X-ray spectrum ($1.5-50$ keV) is described by an absorbed power-law with photon index $\Gamma$\,$\sim$\,$0.5$ and cutoff energy at $\sim$\,$13$ keV., Comment: Revised manuscript. Accepted to ApJ
- Published
- 2022
35. Overall Survival of Patients with Myxofibrosarcomas: An Epidemiological Study
- Author
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Chiel A. J. van der Horst, Sabien L. M. Bongers, Yvonne M. H. Versleijen-Jonkers, Vincent K. Y. Ho, Pètra M. Braam, Uta E. Flucke, Johannes H. W. de Wilt, and Ingrid M. E. Desar
- Subjects
Tumours of the digestive tract Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 14] ,Cancer Research ,myxofibrosarcoma ,local recurrences ,metastasis ,prognostic factors ,epidemiology ,All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,Oncology ,Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 9] ,Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9] - Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is a rare mesenchymal soft tissue sarcoma type, with a high local recurrence (LR) rate. Robust epidemiological data on MFS are lacking. We, therefore, aimed to identify prognostic factors and describe real-life outcomes of a large cohort of 908 MFS patients obtained from the nationwide database of the Netherlands Cancer Registry and diagnosed between 2002 and 2019. Median Overall survival (OS) was 155 (range 0.1–215) months, with a five-year OS of 67.7%. No improvement of OS was found over time. Multivariable Cox regression survival analysis demonstrated known prognostic factors for OS, such as older age, tumour size, and histological grade with the addition of sex. Surgery at sarcoma expertise centres, instead of general hospitals, was associated with better OS outcomes. In a subcohort of 177 patients, 39% developed LR with a median time to recurrence of 20 months. From LR on, the median OS was 64.0 months (CI 95% 38.5–89.5). In 28%, distant metastases were diagnosed with a median OS of 34.3 months (CI 95% 28.8–39.8) after diagnosis of the primary tumour. In this largest nationwide cohort so far, survival outcomes and recurrence rates for MFS patients did not improve over time, emphasizing the need to improve treatment strategies and suggesting a role for sarcoma expertise centres.
- Published
- 2022
36. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns associated with sleep and mental health in children: a population-based study
- Author
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Charlotte A. M. Cecil, Rosa H. Mulder, Jared M. Saletin, Mary A. Carskadon, Gijsbertus T. J. van der Horst, Irwin K.M. Reiss, Janine F. Felix, Maria Elisabeth Koopman-Verhoeff, Henning Tiemeier, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Erasmus MC other, Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics, and Epidemiology
- Subjects
Male ,epigenome ,Genome-wide association study ,Special Issue Original Article ,Bioinformatics ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Special Issue Original Articles ,sleep ,Child ,DNA methylation ,epigenetics ,Genome, Human ,Mental Disorders ,05 social sciences ,dNaM ,Actigraphy ,psychopathology ,Mental health ,Sleep in non-human animals ,3. Good health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,accelerometer ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Mental Health ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Generation R ,Female ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Psychopathology - Abstract
Background: DNA methylation (DNAm) has been implicated in the biology of sleep. Yet, how DNAm patterns across the genome relate to different sleep outcomes, and whether these associations overlap with mental health is currently unknown. Here, we investigated associations of DNAm with sleep and mental health in a pediatric population. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 465 10-year-old children (51.3% female) from the Generation R Study. Genome-wide DNAm levels were measured using the Illumina 450K array (peripheral blood). Sleep problems were assessed from self-report and mental health outcomes from maternal questionnaires. Wrist actigraphy was used in 188 11-year-old children to calculate sleep duration and midpoint sleep. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify highly comethylated DNAm ‘modules’, which were tested for associations with sleep and mental health outcomes. Results: We identified 64 DNAm modules, one of which associated with sleep duration after covariate and multiple testing adjustment. This module included CpG sites spanning 9 genes on chromosome 17, including MAPT – a key regulator of Tau proteins in the brain involved in neuronal function – as well as genes previously implicated in sleep duration. Follow-up analyses suggested that DNAm variation in this region is under considerable genetic control and shows strong blood–brain concordance. DNAm modules associated with sleep did not overlap with those associated with mental health. Conclusions: We identified one DNAm region associated with sleep duration, including genes previously reported by recent GWAS studies. Further research is warranted to examine the functional role of this region and its longitudinal association with sleep.
- Published
- 2020
37. Fermi/Gbm View Of The 2019 And 2020 Burst Active Episodes Of Sgr J1935+2154
- Author
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Lin Lin, Matthew G. Baring, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Yuki Kaneko, Oliver J. Roberts, Alexander J. van der Horst, Ersin Gogus, and George Younes
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Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,education.field_of_study ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Population ,Magnetosphere ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Magnetar ,01 natural sciences ,Spectral evolution ,Space and Planetary Science ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,education ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope - Abstract
We present temporal and time-integrated spectral analyses of 148 bursts from the latest activation of SGR J1935+2154, observed with Fermi/GBM from October 4th 2019 through May 20th 2020, excluding a ~130 s segment with a very high burst density on April 27th 2020. The 148 bursts presented here, are slightly longer and softer than bursts from earlier activations of SGR J1935+2154, as well as from other magnetars. The long-term spectral evolution trend is interpreted as being associated with an increase in the average plasma loading of the magnetosphere during bursts. We also find a trend of increased burst activity from SGR J1935+2154 since its discovery in 2014. Finally, we find no association of typical radio bursts with X-ray bursts from the source; this contrasts the association of FRB 200428 with an SGR J1935+2154 X-ray burst, to date unique among the magnetar population., Comment: Accepted to be published in ApJ Letters
- Published
- 2020
38. Polarimetry of relativistic tidal disruption event Swift J2058+0516
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R. A. J. Eyles, A. B. Higgins, S. B. Cenko, B. P. Gompertz, R. L. C. Starling, Andrew J. Levan, Klaas Wiersema, Dheeraj R. Pasham, Jochen Greiner, A. J. van der Horst, and Nial R. Tanvir
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Swift ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astronomy ,Polarimetry ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Tidal disruption event ,Accretion disc ,Astrophysical jet ,0103 physical sciences ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,computer.programming_language ,Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Very Large Telescope ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Wavelength ,Space and Planetary Science ,Outflow ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,computer - Abstract
A small fraction of candidate tidal disruption events (TDEs) show evidence of powerful relativistic jets, which are particularly pronounced at radio wavelengths, and likely contribute non-thermal emission at a wide range of wavelengths. A non-thermal emission component can be diagnosed using linear polarimetry, even when the total received light is dominated by emission from an accretion disk or disk outflow. In this paper we present Very Large Telescope (VLT) measurements of the linear polarisation of the optical light of jetted TDE Swift J2058+0516. This is the second jetted TDE studied in this manner, after Swift J1644+57. We find evidence of non-zero optical linear polarisation, P_V ~ 8%, a level very similar to the near-infrared polarimetry of Swift J1644+57. These detections provide an independent test of the emission mechanisms of the multiwavelength emission of jetted tidal disruption events., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, MNRAS
- Published
- 2020
39. DuoHexaBody-CD37
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Simone C, Oostindie, Hilma J, van der Horst, Laurens P, Kil, Kristin, Strumane, Marije B, Overdijk, Edward N, van den Brink, Jeroen H N, van den Brakel, Hendrik J, Rademaker, Berris, van Kessel, Juliette, van den Noort, Martine E D, Chamuleau, Tuna, Mutis, Margaret A, Lindorfer, Ronald P, Taylor, Janine, Schuurman, Paul W H I, Parren, Frank J, Beurskens, and Esther C W, Breij
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B-Lymphocytes ,Lymphoma, B-Cell ,Lymphoma ,Tetraspanins ,Recombinant Fusion Proteins ,Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity ,Drug development ,Mice, SCID ,Receptors, Fc ,Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ,Article ,Mice ,HEK293 Cells ,Targeted therapies ,Drug Development ,Antigens, Neoplasm ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Immunoglobulin G ,Antibodies, Bispecific ,Animals ,Heterografts ,Humans ,Leukaemia ,Molecular Targeted Therapy - Abstract
Tetraspanin CD37 has recently received renewed interest as a therapeutic target for B-cell malignancies. Although complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is a powerful Fc-mediated effector function for killing hematological cancer cells, CD37-specific antibodies are generally poor inducers of CDC. To enhance CDC, the E430G mutation was introduced into humanized CD37 monoclonal IgG1 antibodies to drive more efficient IgG hexamer formation through intermolecular Fc-Fc interactions after cell surface antigen binding. DuoHexaBody-CD37, a bispecific CD37 antibody with the E430G hexamerization-enhancing mutation targeting two non-overlapping epitopes on CD37 (biparatopic), demonstrated potent and superior CDC activity compared to other CD37 antibody variants evaluated, in particular ex vivo in patient-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. The superior CDC potency was attributed to enhanced IgG hexamerization mediated by the E430G mutation in combination with dual epitope targeting. The mechanism of action of DuoHexaBody-CD37 was shown to be multifaceted, as it was additionally capable of inducing efficient antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis in vitro. Finally, potent anti-tumor activity in vivo was observed in cell line- and patient-derived xenograft models from different B-cell malignancy subtypes. These encouraging preclinical results suggest that DuoHexaBody-CD37 (GEN3009) may serve as a potential therapeutic antibody for the treatment of human B-cell malignancies.
- Published
- 2019
40. Molecular Links between the Circadian Clock and the Cell Cycle
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Elham Farshadi, Gijsbertus T. J. van der Horst, Inês Chaves, and Molecular Genetics
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DNA Replication ,Cell division ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Circadian clock ,Mitosis ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Structural Biology ,Circadian Clocks ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Circadian rhythm ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,Cell Proliferation ,0303 health sciences ,Cell growth ,Chronotherapy (sleep phase) ,Cell Cycle ,Cell cycle ,Cell biology ,Circadian Rhythm ,Cancer cell ,Single-Cell Analysis ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Circadian control of cell division is well established in diverse organisms. Recent single-cell studies on mouse fibroblasts have shown that the circadian clock and cell cycle systems are robustly phase-coupled in a bidirectional manner. In healthy cells, coupling of clock and cell cycle results in timed mitosis and rhythmic DNA replication. However, little is known about the interplay between these two oscillators in cancer cells, which often display de-regulated cell proliferation and circadian gene expression. Here we review the molecular organization of the circadian clock and the cell cycle, as well as the reciprocal interaction between the circadian clock and the cell cycle in normal and in cancer cells. Understanding how the circadian clock and cell cycle are coupled in cancer cells will be instrumental to optimally take advantage of chronotherapy in cancer treatment, as efficiency of therapy benefits from asynchrony in timed mitosis between the host and the malignant cells in order to predict the optimal time of treatment.
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- 2019
41. PH-0127: Quantifying intra-fractional gastric wall motion for MR-guided radiotherapy
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J.J. Sonke, J. Teuwen, Martin F. Fast, T. Driever, and A. J. van der Horst
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Radiation therapy ,Oncology ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine ,Motion (geometry) ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Hematology ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Gastric wall ,Mri guided - Published
- 2020
42. Erratum: 'NICER View of the 2020 Burst Storm and Persistent Emission of SGR 1935+2154' (2020, ApJL, 904, L21)
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Lin Lin, Alexander J. van der Horst, Sebastien Guillot, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Teruaki Enoto, Chin-Ping Hu, Zorawar Wadiasingh, Alice K. Harding, Tolga Guver, Beste Begiçarslan, Ersin Gogus, Walid A. Majid, Christian Malacaria, George Younes, and Matthew G. Baring
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Physics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Storm - Published
- 2021
43. Update on Malignant Sweat Gland Tumors
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Michiel P J van der Horst and Thomas Brenn
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Skin Neoplasms ,Spiradenocarcinoma ,Adverse outcomes ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sweat gland ,Humans ,Medicine ,Benign neoplasms ,Microcystic adnexal carcinoma ,Eccrine ductal carcinoma ,business.industry ,Carcinoma, Skin Appendage ,Aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma ,medicine.disease ,Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ,Sweat Gland Neoplasms ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Surgery ,Differential diagnosis ,business - Abstract
Malignant sweat gland tumors are rare cutaneous neoplasms, traditionally separated according to their behavior into low- and high-grade malignant. There is significant morphologic overlap, and outright malignant tumors may show relatively bland histologic features. They may, therefore, be mistaken easily for benign neoplasms. Recognition of these tumors and accurate diagnosis is important for early treatment to prevent aggressive behavior and adverse outcome. This article provides an overview of 4 important entities with emphasis on diagnostic pitfalls, differential diagnosis and recent developments. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma, squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma, aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma, and spiradenocarcinoma are discussed in detail.
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- 2017
44. Critical cholangiocarcinogenesis control by cryptochrome clock genes
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Alper Okyar, Gijsbertus T. J. van der Horst, Ali Mteyrek, Catherine Guettier, Elisabeth Filipski, Malgorzata Oklejewicz, and Francis Lévi
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0301 basic medicine ,endocrine system ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,Circadian clock ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,digestive system ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cryptochrome ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Circadian rhythm ,digestive system diseases ,PER2 ,CLOCK ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Toxicity ,Histopathology ,sense organs ,Carcinogenesis - Abstract
A coordinated network of molecular circadian clocks in individual cells generates 24-hour rhythms in liver metabolism and proliferation. Circadian disruption through chronic jet lag or Per2 clock gene mutation was shown to accelerate hepatocarcinoma development in mice. Since divergent effects were reported for clock genes Per and Cry regarding xenobiotic toxicity, we questioned the role of Cry1 and Cry2 in liver carcinogenesis. Male WT and Cry1-/-Cry2-/- mice (C57Bl/6 background) were chronically exposed to diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at ZT11. Rest-activity and body temperature rhythms were monitored using an implanted radiotransmitter. Serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST, ALT) were determined on four occasions during the progression stage. After 7 months, serum alkaline phosphatases (ALP) were determined, and livers were sampled for microscopic tumor nodule counting and histopathology. Five months after initiation of DEN treatment, we found that Cry1-/-Cry2-/- mice developed severe liver dysplasia, as evident from the increased AST, ALT and ALP levels, as compared to WT mice. DEN exposure induced primary liver cancers in nearly fivefold as many Cry1-/-Cry2-/- mice as compared to WT mice (p= 0.01). Microscopic study revealed no difference in the average number of hepatocarcinomas and a nearly 8-fold increase in the average number of cholangiocarcinomas in Cry1-/-Cry2-/- mice, as compared to WT mice. The study validated the hypothesis that molecular circadian clock disruption dramatically increased chemically-induced liver carcinogenesis. In addition, the pronounced shift towards cholangiocarcinoma in DEN exposed Cry1-/-Cry2-/- mice revealed a critical role of the Cry clock genes in bile duct carcinogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2017
45. A novel amplitude binning strategy to handle irregular breathing during 4DMRI acquisition: improved imaging for radiotherapy purposes
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Z. van Kesteren, Tanja Alderliesten, Remy Klaassen, A. J. van der Horst, G. van Tienhoven, D. Tekelenburg, Oliver J. Gurney-Champion, I. Bones, Arjan Bel, H.W.M. van Laarhoven, Radiotherapy, Other Research, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CCA - Imaging and biomarkers, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Graduate School, Oncology, and AGEM - Re-generation and cancer of the digestive system
- Subjects
Male ,Organs at Risk ,Esophageal Neoplasms ,Wilcoxon signed-rank test ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Respiratory signal ,law.invention ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Medicine ,Irregular breathing ,Diaphragm (optics) ,Cancer ,Aged, 80 and over ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Phantoms, Imaging ,Respiration ,Radiotherapy Dosage ,Middle Aged ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Prognosis ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Four-dimensional ,Amplitude ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Outlier ,Female ,Artifacts ,Algorithms ,MRI ,lcsh:Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,Adult ,lcsh:R895-920 ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Stomach Neoplasms ,Image quality ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography ,Radiotherapy ,business.industry ,Research ,Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Respiratory motion ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,Radiation therapy ,Case-Control Studies ,Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ,business ,Nuclear medicine - Abstract
Background For radiotherapy of abdominal cancer, four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (4DMRI) is desirable for tumor definition and the assessment of tumor and organ motion. However, irregular breathing gives rise to image artifacts. We developed a outlier rejection strategy resulting in a 4DMRI with reduced image artifacts in the presence of irregular breathing. Methods We obtained 2D T2-weighted single-shot turbo spin echo images, with an interleaved 1D navigator acquisition to obtain the respiratory signal during free breathing imaging in 2 patients and 12 healthy volunteers. Prior to binning, upper and lower inclusion thresholds were chosen such that 95% of the acquired images were included, while minimizing the distance between the thresholds (inclusion range (IR)). We compared our strategy (Min95) with three commonly applied strategies: phase binning with all images included (Phase), amplitude binning with all images included (MaxIE), and amplitude binning with the thresholds set as the mean end-inhale and mean end-exhale diaphragm positions (MeanIE). We compared 4DMRI quality based on:Data included (DI); percentage of images remaining after outlier rejection.Reconstruction completeness (RC); percentage of bin-slice combinations containing at least one image after binning.Intra-bin variation (IBV); interquartile range of the diaphragm position within the bin-slice combination, averaged over three central slices and ten respiratory bins.IR.Image smoothness (S); quantified by fitting a parabola to the diaphragm profile in a sagittal plane of the reconstructed 4DMRI. A two-sided Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test was used to test for significance in differences between the Min95 strategy and the Phase, MaxIE, and MeanIE strategies. Results Based on the fourteen subjects, the Min95 binning strategy outperformed the other strategies with a mean RC of 95.5%, mean IBV of 1.6 mm, mean IR of 15.1 mm and a mean S of 0.90. The Phase strategy showed a poor mean IBV of 6.2 mm and the MaxIE strategy showed a poor mean RC of 85.6%, resulting in image artifacts (mean S of 0.76). The MeanIE strategy demonstrated a mean DI of 85.6%. Conclusions Our Min95 reconstruction strategy resulted in a 4DMRI with less artifacts and more precise diaphragm position reconstruction compared to the other strategies. Trial registration Volunteers: protocol W15_373#16.007; patients: protocol NL47713.018.14 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13014-019-1279-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2019
46. A detailed radio study of the energetic, nearby, and puzzling GRB 171010A
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Sara Motta, Joe Bright, Y. C. Perrott, Assaf Horesh, G. E. Anderson, David A. Green, S. B. Cenko, A. J. van der Horst, Rob Fender, David Titterington, Green, David [0000-0003-3189-9998], Perrott, Yvette Chanel [0000-0002-6255-8240], Titterington, David [0000-0003-1431-920X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Very large array ,Physics ,Scintillation ,gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 171010A ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Arcminute Microkelvin Imager ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Large array ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Spectral line ,Shock (mechanics) ,Space and Planetary Science ,0103 physical sciences ,Radio frequency ,Gamma-ray burst ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics - Abstract
We present the results of an intensive multi-epoch radio frequency campaign on the energetic and nearby GRB 171010A with the Karl G. Janksy Very Large Array and Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Large Array. We began observing GRB 171010A a day after its initial detection, and were able to monitor the temporal and spectral evolution of the source over the following weeks. The spectra and their evolution are compared to the canonical theories for broadband GRB afterglows, with which we find a general agreement. There are, however, a number of features that are challenging to explain with a simple forward shock model, and we discuss possible reasons for these discrepancies. This includes the consideration of the existence of a reverse shock component, potential microphysical parameter evolution and the effect of scintillation., 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Identifying transient and variable sources in radio images
- Author
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P. Zarka, B. Scheers, Y.N. Cendes, Tim D. Staley, John D. Swinbank, Adam Stewart, J.-M. Grießmeier, J. van Leeuwen, Michael Bell, Antonia Rowlinson, Sean Farrell, D. Carbone, Rob Fender, C. J. Law, Gijs Molenaar, Jochen Eislöffel, Ralph A. M. J. Wijers, A. J. van der Horst, J. W. Broderick, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), The University of Sydney, University of Washington [Seattle], Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University [Lubbock] (TTU), Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Oxford Astrophysics, University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Physics the George Washington University, Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Department of Astronomy [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 247295,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2009-AdG,AARTFAAC(2010), European Project: 267697,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-AdG_20100224,4PI-SKY(2011), European Project: 617199,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,ALERT(2014), Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam (CWI), The Netherlands, University of Oxford, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
- Subjects
Computer science ,Data analysis ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Methods Data analysis Methods Statistical Radio continuum General ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,0103 physical sciences ,Methods ,General ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,computer.programming_language ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Anomaly detection algorithm ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,LOFAR ,Python (programming language) ,Statistical ,Computer Science Applications ,Pipeline transport ,Radio continuum ,Space and Planetary Science ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Snapshot (computer storage) ,Data mining ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,computer - Abstract
With the arrival of a number of wide-field snapshot image-plane radio transient surveys, there will be a huge influx of images in the coming years making it impossible to manually analyse the datasets. Automated pipelines to process the information stored in the images are being developed, such as the LOFAR Transients Pipeline, outputting light curves and various transient parameters. These pipelines have a number of tuneable parameters that require training to meet the survey requirements. This paper utilises both observed and simulated datasets to demonstrate different machine learning strategies that can be used to train these parameters. The datasets used are from LOFAR observations and we process the data using the LOFAR Transients Pipeline; however the strategies developed are applicable to any light curve datasets at different frequencies and can be adapted to different automated pipelines. These machine learning strategies are publicly available as Python tools that can be downloaded and adapted to different datasets (https://github.com/AntoniaR/TraP_ML_tools)., Comment: Astronomy & Computing Accepted, 25 pages, 20 figures
- Published
- 2019
48. Lipid Transport in Insects
- Author
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D. J. Van Der Horst
- Subjects
Biochemistry ,Chemistry ,Lipid Transport - Published
- 2019
49. Supplementary material to 'How representative are FLUXNET measurements of surface fluxes during temperature extremes?'
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Sophie V. J. van der Horst, Andrew J. Pitman, Martin G. De Kauwe, Anna Ukkola, Gab Abramowitz, and Peter Isaac
- Published
- 2018
50. Antibodies That Efficiently Form Hexamers upon Antigen Binding Can Induce Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity under Complement-Limiting Conditions
- Author
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Paul W. H. I. Parren, Ronald P. Taylor, Janine Schuurman, Erika M. Cook, Margaret A. Lindorfer, Clive S. Zent, Richard Burack, Hilma J. van der Horst, Frank J. Beurskens, and Simone C. Oostindie
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.drug_class ,Immunology ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Monoclonal antibody ,03 medical and health sciences ,Classical complement pathway ,Antigen ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Antigens ,Cytotoxicity ,Alemtuzumab ,Complement Activation ,B cell ,Immunotherapy and Vaccines ,B-Lymphocytes ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,biology ,Chemistry ,Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Complement System Proteins ,Hematology ,Limiting ,Antigens, CD20 ,Complement C9 ,Antigen binding ,ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 ,Molecular biology ,Complement-dependent cytotoxicity ,Complement (complexity) ,Cell biology ,Complement system ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Complement C3b ,biology.protein ,Binding Sites, Antibody ,Antibody - Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that IgG Abs can organize into ordered hexamers after binding their cognate Ags expressed on cell surfaces. This process is dependent on Fc:Fc interactions, which promote C1q binding, the first step in classical pathway complement activation. We went on to engineer point mutations that stimulated IgG hexamer formation and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). The hexamer formation–enhanced (HexaBody) CD20 and CD38 mAbs support faster, more robust CDC than their wild-type counterparts. To further investigate the CDC potential of these mAbs, we used flow cytometry, high-resolution digital imaging, and four-color confocal microscopy to examine their activity against B cell lines and primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in sera depleted of single complement components. We also examined the CDC activity of alemtuzumab (anti-CD52) and mAb W6/32 (anti-HLA), which bind at high density to cells and promote substantial complement activation. Although we observed little CDC for mAb-opsonized cells reacted with sera depleted of early complement components, we were surprised to discover that the Hexabody mAbs, as well as ALM and W6/32, were all quite effective at promoting CDC in sera depleted of individual complement components C6 to C9. However, neutralization studies conducted with an anti-C9 mAb verified that C9 is required for CDC activity against cell lines. These highly effective complement-activating mAbs efficiently focus activated complement components on the cell, including C3b and C9, and promote CDC with a very low threshold of MAC binding, thus providing additional insight into their enhanced efficacy in promoting CDC.
- Published
- 2016
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