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1. The release profile of a controlled release preparation of 5-aminosalicylic acid (Rowasa I®) in humans

Author

JE Blair, Robin S. McLeod, Zane Cohen, Gordon R. Greenberg, and Barbara J. Vari

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Aminosalicylic acid, Metabolite, medicine.medical_treatment, Administration, Oral, Urine, Gastroenterology, Dosage form, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ileostomy, Crohn Disease, Pharmacokinetics, Oral administration, Internal medicine, Intestine, Small, medicine, Humans, Mesalamine, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, General Medicine, Controlled release, digestive system diseases, Surgery, Aminosalicylic Acids, Intestinal Absorption, chemistry, Delayed-Action Preparations, Female, business
Abstract

5-Aminosalicylic acid and its metabolite, N-ac-5-ASA, were measured in the plasma, urine, and ileostomy effluent of 24 ileostomates who ingested 750 mg Rowasa I following an overnight fast. Twelve subjects previously had a small-bowel resection or had part of their small bowel out of circuit (mean 95 cm) (Group I) while 12 had an intact small bowel (Group II). The mean peak plasma concentration of N-ac-5-ASA was 1.11 micrograms/ml in Group 1 subjects compared with 2.80 micrograms/ml in Group II subjects (P = N.S.). On average, 53.0 percent of the ingested Rowasa I was detected in the 24-hr ileostomy effluent of Group I subjects compared with 45.3 percent in the Group II subjects (P = N.S.). The mean recovery of 5-ASA and N-ac-5-ASA in urine was 8.5 percent in Group I and 35.6 percent in Group II subjects (P less than 0.001). These studies demonstrate that 5-ASA is released and present in the small bowel following oral ingestion of Rowasa I in patients who have or have not had small bowel resections.

Published
1990
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2. Treatment with aztreonam or tobramycin in critical care patients with nosocomial gram-negative pneumonia

Author

Jerome J. Schentag, Ian L. Smith, Nancy E. Winslade, Douglas J. Swanson, Andras J. Vari, Alessandra Vigano, and Gary W. Simons

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Critical Care, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Aztreonam, Drug Administration Schedule, Random Allocation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pharmacotherapy, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Gram-Negative Bacteria, medicine, Tobramycin, Humans, Leukocytosis, Adverse effect, Aged, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cross Infection, Lung, business.industry, Bacterial Infections, Pneumonia, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

During the course of one year, 47 critical care patients with gram-negative bacillary pneumonia at Millard Fillmore Hospital were randomly assigned to aztreonam or tobramycin therapy (two to one). Of these, 40 were fully evaluable for microbiologic and clinical response. All evaluable patients had gram-negative organisms in tracheal aspirate culture specimens and confirmed susceptibility of the organism to both study drugs. There was no difference between the two groups with respect to the percentage of patients who received concurrent antibiotics for gram-positive organisms. More than 60 percent of the patients received mechanical ventilation. Essentially, all had new lung infiltrates as shown by chest radiography, leukocytosis, recent onset of fever, and increased volume of purulent secretions. Half had multilobar pulmonary infiltrates. Their mean age was 73 years, with none under age 50. Most had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, or both. By the prognostic nutritional index criteria, over 70 percent were nutritionally deficient at entry. The majority of infections were caused by Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Escherichia coli. Aztreonam eradicated 92 percent of the causative gram-negative organisms, compared with 57 percent for tobramycin (p less than 0.05). Aztreonam produced a favorable clinical response (cure or improvement) in 93 percent of patients, compared with 50 percent for tobramycin (p less than 0.05). There were no differences in the minor adverse effects observed in the two treatment groups. Overall, aztreonam was superior to tobramycin for treatment of pneumonia due to susceptible gram-negative bacteria in these critical care patients.

Published
1985
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3. Role for dual individualization with cefmenoxime

Author

Joseph E. Fracasso, Carlo DeAngelis, John W. Vance, Jerome J. Schentag, Ian L. Smith, Douglas J. Swanson, and Andras J. Vari

Subjects
Male, Cefotaxime, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Pharmacology, Cefmenoxime, Pharmacokinetics, In vivo, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Pathogen, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Cross Infection, biology, business.industry, Computers, Area under the curve, General Medicine, Pneumonia, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Pharmacodynamics, Immunology, Female, business, Bacteria, medicine.drug
Abstract

Cefmenoxime concentration/effect relationships were retrospectively explored for gram-negative bacteria isolated from 14 critical care patients treated for nosocomial pneumonia. The effects of cefmenoxime concentrations on in vitro growth kinetics of 21 isolated pathogens were studied using the Abbott MS-2 Research System, from which a dynamic response concentration was derived. Serum pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained in each patient. These data were used to calculate the in vivo total area under the curve over dynamic response concentration and the time that cefmenoxime concentrations exceeded the dynamic response concentration for each bacteria. The same determinations were made in 18 patients prospectively treated, except that dosage was optimized on the basis of previous mathematical relations to achieve bacterial eradication in four days. This method of dosage optimization is termed dual individualization. Serial cultures of infected tissues were evaluated to determine the number of days to the eradication of bacteria, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables were used to describe the bacteriologic response of the original pathogen isolated in pretreatment culture. Bacterial eradication rates could be described from cefmenoxime pharmacokinetics in the patient and from the relation between concentration and bacterial inhibition. Patients who were prospectively treated using these retrospectively derived relationships had a predictable day of bacterial eradication. This, in turn, was associated with a shorter duration of treatment (p less than 0.05). The success of prospective dual individualization is encouraging and suggests that more precise optimization of antibiotic dosage can yield a predictable rate of bacterial eradication from the infection site.

Published
1984

4. Dual individualization of intravenous ciprofloxacin in patients with nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections

Author

D E, Nix, M F, Sands, C A, Peloquin, A J, Vari, T J, Cumbo, J W, Vance, J E, Fracasso, and J J, Schentag

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cross Infection, Kinetics, Ciprofloxacin, Humans, Female, Bacterial Infections, Middle Aged, Infusions, Intravenous, Respiratory Tract Infections, Aged
Abstract

Dual individualization is the integration of patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters with the pharmacodynamics (concentration versus response) of the infecting pathogen. This technique allows description of the time of in vivo bacterial eradication, and allows estimation of optimal dosages using small numbers of seriously ill patients. In an ongoing study, 11 patients with nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections were given 200 mg of intravenous ciprofloxacin every 12 hours. Ten blood samples were taken after the first dose, with additional peaks and troughs measured on Day 4 and at the end of treatment. Bacterial isolates had minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determined by standard microdilution techniques. In the 11 patients, there were 14 bacterial isolates, of which seven were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the remainder were other pathogens. Ciprofloxacin MICs ranged from 0.008 to 1.0 microgram/ml. The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in these patients varied with renal function, and average peak serum concentrations ranged from 1.7 to 4.9 micrograms/ml. Eradication of bacteria from tracheal aspirates occurred between Days 1 and 7, except in four patients in whom the organism persisted. Correlations were observed between the day of eradication and the length of time ciprofloxacin concentrations remained above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Essentially all bacteria with MICs of less than 0.25 were eradicated. Of the non-eradicated bacteria, most had either MICs of more than 0.25, or less than 100 percent time above the MIC. The clinical response was satisfactory. It is concluded that 200 mg of intravenous ciprofloxacin every 12 hours is highly effective for bacteria with MICs less than 0.25 microgram/ml, but higher dosages may be required to eradicate organisms with higher MICs.

Published
1987

5. Planck intermediate results. XV. A study of anomalous microwave emission in Galactic clouds

Author

Planck, Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Alves, M. I. R., Arnaud, M., Atrio Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit Levy, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bobin, J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, I. R., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, E., Boulanger, F., Burigana, C., Cardoso, J. F., Casassus, S., Catalano, A., Chamballu, A., Chen, X., Chiang, H. C., Chiang, L. Y., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Couchot, F., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., DE BERNARDIS, Paolo, De Rosa, A., De Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Desert, F. X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dupac, X., Ensslin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova Santos, R. T., Ghosh, T., Giard, M., Gonzalez Nuevo, J., Gorski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, E. K., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D. L., Helou, G., Hernandez Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Hornstrup, A., Jaffe, A. H., Jaffe, T. R., Jones, W. C., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kneissl, R., Knoche, I., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki Suonio, H., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J. M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Leonardi, R., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Linden Vørnle, M., Linden Vornle, M., Lopez Caniego, M., Macias Perez, J. F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P. G., Martinez Gonzalez, E., Masi, Silvia, Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, Alessandro, Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Miville Deschenes, M. A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Naselsky, P., Nati, Federico, Natoli, P., Nørgaard Nielsen, H. U., Norgaard Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Oxborrow, C. A., Pagano, Luca, Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Paoletti, D., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T. J., Peel, M., Perdereau, O., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, Gianluca, Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reich, W., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, Sara, Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Roudier, G., Rubino Martin, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Spencer, L. D., Stolyarov, V., Sutton, D., Suur Uski, A. S., Sygnet, J. F., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Terenzi, L., Tibbs, C. T., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tucci, M., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Varis, J., Verstraete, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Wandelt, B. D., Watson, R., Wilkinson, A., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PLANCK, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), European Commission, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Alves, M, Arnaud, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoit-Levy, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bielewicz, P, Bobin, J, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Burigana, C, Cardoso, J, Casassus, S, Catalano, A, Chamballu, A, Chen, X, Chiang, H, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Couchot, F, Crill, B, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davies, R, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, De Rosa, A, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Desert, F, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Dupac, X, Ensslin, T, Eriksen, H, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Genova-Santos, R, Ghosh, T, Giard, M, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Helou, G, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Hornstrup, A, Jaffe, A, Jaffe, T, Jones, W, Keihanen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kneissl, R, Knoche, J, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lahteenmaki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Lawrence, C, Leonardi, R, Liguori, M, Lilje, P, Linden-Vornle, M, Lopez-Caniego, M, MacIas-Perez, J, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Marshall, D, Martin, P, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Mazzotta, P, Meinhold, P, Melchiorri, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Migliaccio, M, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Oxborrow, C, Pagano, L, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Paoletti, D, Patanchon, G, Pearson, T, Peel, M, Perdereau, O, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Pietrobon, D, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Popa, L, Pratt, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Rebolo, R, Reich, W, Reinecke, M, Remazeilles, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Roudier, G, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Spencer, L, Stolyarov, V, Sutton, D, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Tavagnacco, D, Terenzi, L, Tibbs, C, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Tucci, M, Valenziano, L, Valiviita, J, Van Tent, B, Varis, J, Verstraete, L, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Wandelt, B, Watson, R, Wilkinson, A, Ysard, N, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, P. A. R., Ade, N., Aghanim, M. I. R., Alve, M., Arnaud, F., Atrio Barandela, J., Aumont, C., Baccigalupi, A. J., Banday, R. B., Barreiro, E., Battaner, K., Benabed, A., Benoit Lévy, J. P., Bernard, M., Bersanelli, P., Bielewicz, J., Bobin, A., Bonaldi, J. R., Bond, J., Borrill, F. R., Bouchet, F., Boulanger, C., Burigana, J. F., Cardoso, S., Casassu, A., Catalano, A., Chamballu, X., Chen, H. C., Chiang, L. Y., Chiang, P. R., Christensen, D. L., Clement, S., Colombi, L. P. L., Colombo, F., Couchot, B. P., Crill, F., Cuttaia, L., Danese, R. D., Davie, R. J., Davi, P., de Bernardi, A., de Rosa, G., de Zotti, J., Delabrouille, F. X., Désert, C., Dickinson, J. M., Diego, S., Donzelli, O., Doré, X., Dupac, T. A., Enßlin, H. K., Eriksen, F., Finelli, O., Forni, E., Franceschi, S., Galeotta, K., Ganga, R. T., Génova Santo, T., Ghosh, M., Giard, J., González Nuevo, K. M., Górski, Gregorio, Anna, A., Gruppuso, F. K., Hansen, D. L., Harrison, G., Helou, C., Hernández Monteagudo, S. R., Hildebrandt, E., Hivon, M., Hobson, A., Hornstrup, A. H., Jaffe, T. R., Jaffe, W. C., Jone, E., Keihänen, R., Keskitalo, R., Kneissl, J., Knoche, M., Kunz, H., Kurki Suonio, A., Lähteenmäki, J. M., Lamarre, A., Lasenby, C. R., Lawrence, R., Leonardi, M., Liguori, P. B., Lilje, M., Linden Vørnle, M., López Caniego, J. F., Macías Pérez, B., Maffei, D., Maino, N., Mandolesi, D. J., Marshall, P. G., Martin, E., Martínez González, S., Masi, M., Massardi, S., Matarrese, P., Mazzotta, P. R., Meinhold, A., Melchiorri, L., Mende, A., Mennella, M., Migliaccio, M. A., Miville Deschêne, A., Moneti, L., Montier, G., Morgante, D., Mortlock, D., Munshi, P., Naselsky, F., Nati, P., Natoli, H. U., Nørgaard Nielsen, F., Noviello, D., Novikov, I., Novikov, C. A., Oxborrow, L., Pagano, F., Pajot, R., Paladini, D., Paoletti, G., Patanchon, T. J., Pearson, M., Peel, O., Perdereau, F., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, M., Piat, E., Pierpaoli, D., Pietrobon, S., Plaszczynski, E., Pointecouteau, G., Polenta, N., Ponthieu, L., Popa, G. W., Pratt, S., Prunet, J. L., Puget, J. P., Rachen, R., Rebolo, W., Reich, M., Reinecke, M., Remazeille, C., Renault, S., Ricciardi, T., Riller, I., Ristorcelli, G., Rocha, C., Rosset, G., Roudier, J. A., Rubiño Martín, B., Rusholme, M., Sandri, G., Savini, D., Scott, L. D., Spencer, V., Stolyarov, D., Sutton, A. S., Suur Uski, J. F., Sygnet, J. A., Tauber, Tavagnacco, Daniele, L., Terenzi, C. T., Tibb, L., Toffolatti, M., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tucci, L., Valenziano, J., Valiviita, B., Van Tent, J., Vari, L., Verstraete, P., Vielva, F., Villa, B. D., Wandelt, R., Watson, A., Wilkinson, N., Ysard, D., Yvon, A., Zacchei, A., Zonca, Anne Lähteenmäki Group, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI)

Subjects
CENTIMETER-WAVE CONTINUUM, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, HII regions, Radiation mechanisms: general, Radio continuum: ISM, Submillimeter: ISM, submillimeter, general, Radio continuum: ISM, Submillimeter: ISM [HII regions, Radiation mechanisms], SPINNING DUST EMISSION, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, general [Radiation mechanisms], Physics, Nebula, HII regions, Radiation mechanisms: general, Radio continuum: ISM, Submillimeter: ISM, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Spinning dust, FOREGROUND EMISSION, ISM [Submillimeter], 3. Good health, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, ANISOTROPY-PROBE, education, radio continuum: ism, hii regions, radiation mechanisms: general, submillimeter: ism, submillimiter: ism, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, radio continuum, NO, STAR-FORMATION, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], H-II REGIONS, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, GHZ SKY SURVEY, Dark nebula, 0103 physical sciences, Emissivity, PRE-LAUNCH STATUS, HII region, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Infrared excess, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Molecular cloud, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, ISM [Radio continuum], Interstellar medium, radiation mechanisms, 13. Climate action, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS, HII regions / radiation mechanisms: general / radio continuum: ISM / submillimeter: ISM, MOLECULAR CLOUDS
Abstract

Anomalous microwave emission (AME) is believed to be due to electric dipole radiation from small spinning dust grains. The aim of this paper is a statistical study of the basic properties of AME regions and the environment in which they emit. We used WMAP and Planck maps, combined with ancillary radio and IR data, to construct a sample of 98 candidate AME sources, assembling SEDs for each source using aperture photometry on 1°-smoothed maps from 0.408≠GHz up to 3000 GHz. Each spectrum is fitted with a simple model of free-free, synchrotron (where necessary), cosmic microwave background (CMB), thermal dust, and spinning dust components. We find that 42 of the 98 sources have significant (>5σ) excess emission at frequencies between 20 and 60 GHz. An analysis of the potential contribution of optically thick free-free emission from ultra-compact H ii regions, using IR colour criteria, reduces the significant AME sample to 27 regions. The spectrum of the AME is consistent with model spectra of spinning dust. Peak frequencies are in the range 20-35 GHz except for the California nebula (NGC 1499), which appears to have a high spinning dust peak frequency of (50 ± 17) GHz. The AME regions tend to be more spatially extended than regions with little or no AME. The AME intensity is strongly correlated with the sub-millimetre/IR flux densities and comparable to previous AME detections in the literature. AME emissivity, defined as the ratio of AME to dust optical depth, varies by an order of magnitude for the AME regions. The AME regions tend to be associated with cooler dust in the range 14-20 K and an average emissivity index, βd, of +1.8, while the non-AME regions are typically warmer, at 20-27 K. In agreement with previous studies, the AME emissivity appears to decrease with increasing column density. This supports the idea of AME originating from small grains that are known to be depleted in dense regions, probably due to coagulation onto larger grains. We also find a correlation between the AME emissivity (and to a lesser degree the spinning dust peak frequency) and the intensity of the interstellar radiation field, G0. Modelling of this trend suggests that both radiative and collisional excitation are important for the spinning dust emission. The most significant AME regions tend to have relatively less ionized gas (free-free emission), although this could be a selection effect. The infrared excess, a measure of the heating of dust associated with H ii regions, is typically >4 for AME sources, indicating that the dust is not primarily heated by hot OB stars. The AME regions are associated with known dark nebulae and have higher 12 μm/25 μm ratios. The emerging picture is that the bulk of the AME is coming from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and small dust grains from the colder neutral interstellar medium phase. © 2014 ESO., C.D. acknowledges an STFC Advanced Fellowship, an EU Marie-Curie IRG grant under the FP7, and an ERC Starting Grant (No. 307209). The Planck Collaboration acknowledges support from: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN and JA (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and PRACE (EU).

Published
2014
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6. Planck intermediate results. XII: Diffuse Galactic components in the Gould Belt system

Author

P.A.R. Ade, N. Aghanim, M.I.R. Alves, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. Balbi, A.J. Banday, R.B. Barreiro, J.G. Bartlett, E. Battaner, L. Bedini, K. Benabed, A. Benoit, J.P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, A. Bonaldi, J.R. Bond, J. Borrill, F.R. Bouchet, F. Boulanger, C. Burigana, R.C. Butler, P. Cabella, J.F. Cardoso, X. Chen, L.Y. Chiang, P.R. Christensen, D.L. Clements, S. Colombi, L.P.L. Colombo, A. Coulais, F. Cuttaia, R.D. Davies, R.J. Davis, Paolo De Bernardis, G. De Gasperis, G. De Zotti, J. Delabrouille, C. Dickinson, J.M. Diego, G. Dobler, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Dore, M. Douspis, X. Dupac, T.A. Ensslin, F. Finelli, O. Forni, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, S. Galeotta, K. Ganga, R.T. Genova-Santos, T. Ghosh, M. Giard, G. Giardino, Y. Giraud-Heraud, J. Gonzalez-Nuevo, K.M. Gorski, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, F.K. Hansen, D. Harrison, C. Hernandez-Monteagudo, S.R. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, M. Hobson, W.A. Holmes, A. Hornstrup, W. Hovest, K.M. Huffenberger, T.R. Jaffe, A.H. Jaffe, M. Juvela, E. Keihanen, R. Keskitalo, T.S. Kisner, J. Knoche, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lahteenmaki, J.M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, C.R. Lawrence, S. Leach, R. Leonardi, P.B. Lilje, M. Linden-Vørnle, M. Linden-Vornle, P.M. Lubin, J.F. Macias-Perez, B. Maffei, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, M. Maris, D.J. Marshall, P.G. Martin, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, Silvia Masi, M. Massardi, S. Matarrese, P. Mazzotta, Alessandro Melchiorri, A. Mennella, S. Mitra, M.A. Miville-Deschenes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, D. Munshi, J.A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, Federico Nati, P. Natoli, H.U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Norgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, S. Osborne, C.A. Oxborrow, F. Pajot, R. Paladini, D. Paoletti, M. Peel, L. Perotto, F. Perrotta, Francesco Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, D. Pietrobon, S. Plaszczynski, E. Pointecouteau, Gianluca Polenta, L. Popa, T. Poutanen, G.W. Pratt, S. Prunet, J.L. Puget, J.P. Rachen, W.T. Reach, R. Rebolo, M. Reinecke, C. Renault, Sara Ricciardi, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, J.A. Rubino-Martin, B. Rusholme, E. Salerno, M. Sandri, Giorgio Savini, D. Scott, L. Spencer, V. Stolyarov, R. Sudiwala, A.S. Suur-Uski, J.F. Sygnet, J.A. Tauber, L. Terenzi, C.T. Tibbs, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, L. Valenziano, B. Van Tent, J. Varis, P. Vielva, F. Villa, N. Vittorio, L.A. Wade, B.D. Wandelt, N. Ysard, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, A. Zonca, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), PLANCK, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Alves, M, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartlett, J, Battaner, E, Bedini, L, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Burigana, C, Butler, R, Cabella, P, Cardoso, J, Chen, X, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Coulais, A, Cuttaia, F, Davies, R, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dobler, G, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Ensslin, T, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Genova-Santos, R, Ghosh, T, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hornstrup, A, Hovest, W, Huffenberger, K, Jaffe, T, Jaffe, A, Juvela, M, Keihanen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Knoche, J, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lahteenmaki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Lawrence, C, Leach, S, Leonardi, R, Lilje, P, Linden-Vørnle, M, Linden-Vornle, M, Lubin, P, Macias-Perez, J, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martin, P, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Mazzotta, P, Melchiorri, A, Mennella, A, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Nørgaard-Nielsen, H, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Oxborrow, C, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Paoletti, D, Peel, M, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Pietrobon, D, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Popa, L, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Salerno, E, Sandri, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Spencer, L, Stolyarov, V, Sudiwala, R, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Tibbs, C, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Valenziano, L, Van Tent, B, Varis, J, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Ysard, N, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] (LPT), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Planck Collaboration, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), P. A. R., Ade, N., Aghanim, M. I. R., Alve, M., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, F., Atrio Barandela, J., Aumont, C., Baccigalupi, A., Balbi, A. J., Banday, R. B., Barreiro, J. G., Bartlett, E., Battaner, L., Bedini, K., Benabed, A., Benoît, J. P., Bernard, M., Bersanelli, A., Bonaldi, J. R., Bond, J., Borrill, F. R., Bouchet, F., Boulanger, C., Burigana, R. C., Butler, P., Cabella, J. F., Cardoso, X., Chen, L. Y., Chiang, P. R., Christensen, D. L., Clement, S., Colombi, L. P. L., Colombo, A., Coulai, F., Cuttaia, R. D., Davie, R. J., Davi, P., de Bernardi, G., de Gasperi, G., de Zotti, J., Delabrouille, C., Dickinson, J. M., Diego, G., Dobler, H., Dole, S., Donzelli, O., Doré, M., Douspi, X., Dupac, T. A., Enßlin, F., Finelli, O., Forni, M., Fraili, E., Franceschi, S., Galeotta, K., Ganga, R. T., Génova Santo, T., Ghosh, M., Giard, G., Giardino, Y., Giraud Héraud, J., González Nuevo, K. M., Górski, Gregorio, Anna, A., Gruppuso, F. K., Hansen, D., Harrison, C., Hernández Monteagudo, S. R., Hildebrandt, E., Hivon, M., Hobson, W. A., Holme, A., Hornstrup, W., Hovest, K. M., Huffenberger, T. R., Jaffe, A. H., Jaffe, M., Juvela, E., Keihänen, R., Keskitalo, T. S., Kisner, J., Knoche, M., Kunz, H., Kurki Suonio, G., Lagache, A., Lähteenmäki, J. M., Lamarre, A., Lasenby, C. R., Lawrence, S., Leach, R., Leonardi, P. B., Lilje, M., Linden Vørnle, P. M., Lubin, J. F., Macías Pérez, B., Maffei, D., Maino, N., Mandolesi, M., Mari, D. J., Marshall, P. G., Martin, E., Martínez González, S., Masi, M., Massardi, S., Matarrese, P., Mazzotta, A., Melchiorri, A., Mennella, S., Mitra, M. A., Miville Deschêne, A., Moneti, L., Montier, G., Morgante, D., Mortlock, D., Munshi, J. A., Murphy, P., Naselsky, F., Nati, P., Natoli, H. U., Nørgaard Nielsen, F., Noviello, D., Novikov, I., Novikov, S., Osborne, C. A., Oxborrow, F., Pajot, R., Paladini, D., Paoletti, M., Peel, L., Perotto, F., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, M., Piat, E., Pierpaoli, D., Pietrobon, S., Plaszczynski, E., Pointecouteau, G., Polenta, L., Popa, T., Poutanen, G. W., Pratt, S., Prunet, J. L., Puget, J. P., Rachen, W. T., Reach, R., Rebolo, M., Reinecke, C., Renault, S., Ricciardi, I., Ristorcelli, G., Rocha, C., Rosset, J. A., Rubiño Martín, B., Rusholme, E., Salerno, M., Sandri, G., Savini, D., Scott, L., Spencer, V., Stolyarov, R., Sudiwala, A. S., Suur Uski, J. F., Sygnet, J. A., Tauber, L., Terenzi, C. T., Tibb, L., Toffolatti, M., Tomasi, M., Tristram, L., Valenziano, B., Van Tent, J., Vari, P., Vielva, F., Villa, N., Vittorio, L. A., Wade, B. D., Wandelt, N., Ysard, D., Yvon, A., Zacchei, A., Zonca, Anne Lähteenmäki Group, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Physics, and Helsinki Institute of Physics

Subjects
CENTIMETER-WAVE CONTINUUM, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, Anomalous microwave emission, WMAP OBSERVATIONS, Flux, Astrophysics, Galaxy: general - radio continuum, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, ANOMALOUS DUST, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Galaxy: general, Radiation mechanisms: general, Radio continuum: ISM, SPINNING DUST EMISSION, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, general [Radiation mechanisms], Physics, general - radio continuum [Galaxy], Line-of-sight, FOREGROUND EMISSION, general [ISM-radiation mechanism], Component separation, J.2 PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING. Astronomy, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, symbols, Electron temperature, Correlated component analysis, Galaxy: general – radio continuum: ISM – radiation mechanis ms: general, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), H-ALPHA, INFRARED-EMISSION, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, education, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Component analysis, Position (vector), 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, PRE-LAUNCH STATUS, radio continuum: ISM, radiation mechanisms: general, Planck, general – radio continuum: ISM – radiation mechanis ms: general [Galaxy], general [Galaxy], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, radio continuum: ism, galaxy: general, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, ISM [Radio continuum], Frequency spectrum, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), TENTATIVE DETECTION, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ISM-radiation mechanism: general
Abstract

We perform an analysis of the diffuse low-frequency Galactic components in the southern part of the Gould Belt system (130◦ ≤ l ≤ 230◦ and −50◦ ≤ b ≤ −10◦). Strong ultra-violet flux coming from the Gould Belt super-association is responsible for bright diffuse foregrounds that we observe from our position inside the system and that can help us improve our knowledge of the Galactic emission. Free-free emission and anomalous microwave emission (AME) are the dominant components at low frequencies (ν < 40 GHz), while synchrotron emission is very smooth and faint. We separated diffuse free-free emission and AME from synchrotron emission and thermal dust emission by using Planck data, complemented by ancillary data, using the correlated component analysis (CCA) component-separation method and we compared our results with the results of cross-correlation of foreground templates with the frequency maps. We estimated the electron temperature Te from Hα and free-free emission using two methods (temperature-temperature plot and cross-correlation) and obtained Te ranging from 3100 to 5200 K for an effective fraction of absorbing dust along the line of sight of 30% ( fd = 0.3). We estimated the frequency spectrum of the diffuse AME and recovered a peak frequency (in flux density units) of 25.5±1.5 GHz.We verified the reliability of this result with realistic simulations that include biases in the spectral model for the AME and in the free-free template. By combining physical models for vibrational and rotational dust emission and adding the constraints from the thermal dust spectrum from Planck and IRAS, we are able to present a good description of the AME frequency spectrum for plausible values of the local density and radiation field., The development of Planck has been supported by: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN and JA (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and PRACE (EU).

Published
2013
Full Text
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