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Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die Umsetzung von Schutzmaßnahmen in Pflegeheimen während der Covid-19-Pandemie war mit dem Wegfall sozialer Teilhabeangebote in der ersten Covid-19-Welle verbunden, für die zweite Covid-Welle ist dies unzureichend untersucht. Ziel: Die Evaluation des Zusammenhangs von Schutzmaßnahmen und Einschränkungen der sozialen Teilhabe für die zweite Covid-19-Welle zur Ausarbeitung von Handlungsempfehlungen. Methode: Mixed-Methods-Online-Survey von Pflegeheimleitungen ( n = 873) in der zweiten Welle. Mithilfe binärlogistischer verallgemeinerter Schätzgleichungen wurde die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Wegfallen sozialer Teilhabeangebote in den Pflegeheimen in Abhängigkeit gesetzlicher Schutzmaßnahmen evaluiert. Offene Antworten zur Aufrechterhaltung sozialer Teilhabe wurden inhaltsanalytisch untersucht ( n = 1042). Ergebnisse: Mehr als jede zweite Pflegeheimleitung berichtet über untersagte Gruppenveranstaltungen (66,6%), mehr als jede dritte untersagte kreative Angebote (42,3%). Besuchseinschränkungen (85,2%) waren in der zweiten Welle weit verbreitet. Der Wegfall von Teilhabeangeboten und die angeordneten Schutzmaßnahmen waren eng assoziiert. Qualitative Daten zeigten, dass zum Beispiel das Anschaffen mobiler Einkaufsläden Maßnahmen waren, der sozialen Exklusion der Bewohnenden entgegenzuwirken. Diskussion: Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Wegfall sozialer Teilhabeangebote und der Umsetzung von Schutzmaßnahmen war deutlich ausgeprägt. Die Pflegepraxis sollte die Umsetzung von sozialer Teilhabe ermöglichen und gleichzeitig einen bestmöglichen Infektionsschutz garantieren.

This is a study of authentic credibility as demonstrated through John’s description of Jesus’ words and actions in the Farewell Discourses (John 13-17). Identifying the need for further research on the relationship between authentic leadership and credibility (Williams et al., 2018) and building from Kouzes and Posner’s (2011) six disciplines of leader credibility—discover yourself, appreciate constituents, affirm shared values, develop capacity, serve a purpose, and sustain hope—and Hemby’s (2007) on leader credibility, we espouse that moral foundations of authentic leadership promote leader credibility while not dimensioning the need for competence. After a thorough literature review on authentic leadership, the study explored how Jesus modeled authentic credibility in the Farewell Discourses of John 13 – 17. Reconfiguring Kouzes and Posner’s six disciples through the biblical narrative, we identified six themes of authentic credibility modeled by Jesus: prioritizing Kingdom identity, balancing criticism and optimism, valuing truth, intentional follower development, purposeful posture, and sustainable, spiritual hope. The study applied a systematic approach to the Farewell Discourses so that each of the five chapters of the discourses were thoroughly reviewed to provide specific instances where Jesus modeled authentic credibility. The study provides a fresh perspective on authentic credibility by viewing the concept through a biblical, Christian worldview.

The Proterozoic succession in the National Drilling Initiative Carrara 1 drill hole, Northern Territory, is dominated by tight shales, siltstones and calcareous clastic rocks. As part of Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future program, this study aimed to improve the Proterozoic shale gas reservoir characterisation by derivation of porosity, permeability and gas content from laboratory testing and machine learning approaches to wireline log interpretation. The Proterozoic Lawn Hill Formation is divided into four chemostratigraphic packages. The middle two packages are further divided into seven internal units according to principal component analysis and self-organising map clustering on well logs and inorganic geochemical properties. Artificial neural networks were then applied to interpret the mineral compositions, porosity and permeability from well logs, density and neutron-density crossplot interpretations. Gas content was estimated from the interpreted porosity, gas saturation, total organic carbon and clay contents. Petrophysical interpretation results are summarised for all chemostratigraphic packages and units. P2 (1126.3–1430.1 m) has the highest potential among the four chemostratigraphic packages. P2U1 (1126.3–1271 m) and P2U3 (1335.5–1430.1 m) units have the most favourable petrophysical properties for organic-rich shales, with average total gas contents of 1.213 and 1.315 cm3/g, geometric mean permeability of 6.6 and 25.31 µD and net shale thickness of 53.5 and 83.3 m, respectively. P3U4 (687.9–697.9 m) has high gas content and permeability, with a net shale thickness of 35.9 m. The tight non-organic-rich siltstone and shale reservoirs in package P1 (below 1430.1 m) have an average gas saturation of 17.4% and a geometric mean permeability of 0.48 µD.

Autonomous Driving (AD) datasets, when used in combination with deep learning techniques, have enabled significant progress on difficult AD tasks such as perception, trajectory prediction, and motion planning. These datasets represent the content of driving scenes as captured by various sensors, including cameras, RADAR, and LiDAR, along with 2D/3D annotations of traffic participants. Such datasets, however, often fail to capture and to represent the spatial, temporal, and semantic relations between entities in a scene. This lack of knowledge leads to a shallow understanding of the true complexity and dynamics inherent in a driving scene. In this paper, we argue that a Knowledge Graph (KG)-based representation of driving scenes, that provides a richer structure and semantics, will lead to further improvements in AD. Towards this goal, we developed a layered architecture and ontologies for specific AD datasets and a fundamental ontology of shared concepts. We also built KGs for three different AD datasets. We perform an analysis with respect to information contained in the AD KGs and outline how the additional semantic information contained in the KGs could improve the performance of different AD tasks. Moreover, example queries are provided to retrieve relevant information that can be exploited for augmenting the AD pipelines. All artifacts needed for reproducibility purposes are provided via a GitHub repository. (https://github.com/boschresearch/dskg-constructor — Note that we removed our internal namespaces of reused ontologies, because of confidentiality and to provide self-contained ontologies. As the original datasets are under specific licences, the KGs are not published, but we provide the scripts to generate them.)

Interstitial macrophages (IMs) reside in the lung tissue surrounding key structures including airways, vessels, and alveoli. Recent work has described IM heterogeneity during homeostasis, however, there are limited data on IMs during inflammation. We sought to characterize IM origin, subsets, and transcriptomic profiles during homeostasis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung inflammation. During homeostasis, we used three complementary methods, spectral flow cytometry, single-cell RNA-sequencing, and gene regulatory network enrichment, to demonstrate that IMs can be divided into two core subsets distinguished by surface and transcriptional expression of folate receptor β ( Folr2/FRβ). These subsets inhabited distinct niches within the lung interstitium. Within FRβ+ IMs we identified a subpopulation marked by coexpression of LYVE1. During acute LPS-induced inflammation, lung IM numbers expand. Lineage tracing revealed IM expansion was due to recruitment of monocyte-derived IMs. At the peak of inflammation, recruited IMs were comprised two unique subsets defined by expression of genes associated with interferon signaling and glycolytic pathways. As recruited IMs matured, they adopted the overall transcriptional state of FRβ− resident IMs but retained expression in several origin-specific genes, such as IL-1β. FRβ+ IMs were of near-pure resident origin. Taken together our data show that during LPS-induced inflammation, there are distinct populations of IMs that likely have unique functions. FRΒ+ IMs comprise a stable, resident population, whereas FRβ− ΙΜs represent a mixed population of resident and recruited IMs.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a preoperative Caton-Deschamps index (CDI) ≥ 1.30, as measured by magnetic resonance imaging, is associated with rates of postoperative instability, revision knee surgery, and patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing isolated medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction. METHODS: Patients who underwent primary medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) between 2015 and 2019 at a single institution were assessed. Only those with at least 2 year follow up were included. Patients who had undergone a previous ipsilateral knee surgery, concomitant tibial tubercle osteotomy and/or ligamentous repair/reconstruction at the time of MPFL reconstruction were excluded from the study. CDIs were evaluated by three investigators based on magnetic resonance imaging measurement. Patients with a CDI ≥ 1.30 were included in the patella alta group, while those with a CDI between 0.70 and 1.29 served as controls. A retrospective review of clinical notes was used to evaluate the number of postoperative instability episodes and revisions. Functional outcomes were measured by the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) physical and mental scores. RESULTS: Overall, 49 patients (50 knees, 29 males, 59.2%) underwent isolated MPFLR. Nineteen (38.8%) patients had a CDI ≥ 1.30 (mean: 1.41, range: 1.30-1.66). The patella alta group was significantly more likely to experience a postoperative instability episode (36.8% vs 10.0%; P = .023) and was more likely to return to the operating room for any reason (26.3% vs 3.0%; P = .022) compared to those with normal patellar height. Despite this, the patella alta group had significantly greater postoperative IKDC (86.5 vs 72.4; P = .035) and SF-12 physical (54.2 vs 46.5; P = .006) scores. Pearson’s correlation showed a significant association between CDI and postoperative IKDC (R(2) = 0.157; P = .022) and SF-12P (R(2) = .246; P = .002) scores. There was no difference in postoperative Lysholm (87.9 vs 85.1; P = .531). and SF-12M (48.9 vs 52.5; P = .425) scores between the groups. CONCLUSION: Patients with preoperative patella alta, as measured by CDI had higher rates of postoperative instability and return to the OR with isolated MPFL reconstruction for patellar instability. Despite this, higher preoperative CDI was associated with greater postoperative IKDC scores and SF-12 physical scores in these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective cohort study, Level IV

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β peptide (Aβ)42/Aβ40 and the concentration of tau phosphorylated at site 181 (p-tau181) are well-established biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The present study used mass spectrometry to measure concentrations of nine phosphorylated and five nonphosphorylated tau species and phosphorylation occupancies (percentage phosphorylated/nonphosphorylated) at ten sites. In the present study we show that, in 750 individuals with a median age of 71.2 years, CSF pT217/T217 predicted the presence of brain amyloid by positron emission tomography (PET) slightly better than Aβ42/Aβ40 (P = 0.02). Furthermore, for individuals with positive brain amyloid by PET (n = 263), CSF pT217/T217 was more strongly correlated with the amount of amyloid (Spearman’s ρ = 0.69) than Aβ42/Aβ40 (ρ = −0.42, P n = 55 and n = 90), CSF pT217/T217 and pT205/T205 were better correlated with tau PET measures than CSF p-tau181 concentration. These findings suggest that CSF pT217/T217 and pT205/T205 represent improved CSF biomarkers of amyloid and tau pathology in AD.

This article aims to describe the problems and efforts in Human Resource Management in IT (Information technology) system-based public services in developing regions of Southeast Asia specifically in the regions of Vietnam, the Philippines and Cambodia. The method used is a literature review. The results obtained are Human resource management (HRM) in IT system-based public services in developing areas of Cambodia faces similar challenges as in the Philippines and Vietnam, such as a lack of skilled and trained personnel, limited resources and funding, and a lack of infrastructure and technology. Efforts to improve public services in Vietnam have been ongoing for several years, with a focus on modernizing the delivery of services and increasing access for citizens. Infrastructure and technology: The government of Cambodia has been investing in infrastructure and technology to improve the delivery of public services.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a boom in the use of V-V ECMO for ARDS secondary to COVID. Comparisons of outcomes of ECMO for COVID to ECMO for influenza have emerged. Very few comparisons of ECMO for COVID to ECMO for ARDS of all etiologies are available.To compare clinically important outcome measures in recipients of ECMO for COVID to those observed in recipients of ECMO for ARDS of other etiologies.V-V ECMO recipients between March 2020 and March 2022 consisted exclusively of COVID patients and formed the COVID ECMO group. All patients who underwent V-V ECMO for ARDS between January 2014 and March 2020 were eligible for analysis as the non-COVID ECMO comparator group. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included ECMO decannulation, ECMO duration30 days, and serious complications.Thirty-six patients comprised the COVID ECMO group and were compared to 18 non-COVID ECMO patients. Survival to hospital discharge was not significantly different between the two groups (33% in COVID vs. 50% in non-COVID; p = 0.255) nor was there a significant difference in the rate of non-palliative ECMO decannulation. The proportion of patients connected to ECMO for30 days was significantly higher in the COVID ECMO group: 69% vs. 17%; p = 0.001. There was no significant difference in serious complications.This study could not identify a statistically significant difference in hospital survival and rate of successful ECMO decannulation between COVID ECMO and non-COVID ECMO patients. Prolonged ECMO may be more common in COVID. Complications were not significantly different.

The calculated transition state structure of 1-iodobutane reacting with DABCO is shown. The kinetic rates of this reaction in several organic solvents and temperatures have been measured along with those of iodomethane reacting with DABCO.

A chemical fraction enriched in cyclic ketones, was isolated from ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) bio-oil and valorized to hydroxy and dicarboxylic acids by an engineered Pseudomonas putida strain.

With the increasing appreciation for sex as a biological variable and the inclusion of female mice in research, it is important to understand the influence of the estrous cycle on physiological function. Sex hormones are known to modulate vascular function, but the effects of the mouse estrous cycle phase on arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and arterial estrogen receptor expression remain unknown. In 23 female C57BL/6 mice (6 mo of age), we determined the estrous cycle stage via vaginal cytology and plasma hormone concentrations. Aortic stiffness, assessed by pulse wave velocity, was lower during the estrus phase compared with diestrus. In ex vivo assessment of isolated pressurized mesenteric and posterior cerebral arteries, the responses to acetylcholine, insulin, and sodium nitroprusside, as well as nitric oxide-mediated dilation, were not different between estrous cycle phases. In the aorta, expression of phosphorylated estrogen receptor-α was higher for mice in estrus compared with mice in proestrus. In the cerebral arteries, gene expression for estrogen receptor-β (

Natural Resource Development will provide benefits to state civil servants (ASN) at the Ministry of Religion of South Sumatra Province. Agencies will get benefits in the form of increasing performance, productivity, elasticity, and flexibility to adapt to an ever-changing environment. The purpose of this research is "to find out and analyze whether the development of human resources affects the performance of the State Civil servants (ASN) at the Ministry of Religion of South Sumatra Province". This research method uses quantitative research with explanatory research, meaning that research is conducted to see the relationship between variables with the aim of testing hypotheses. This method is expected to explain phenomena based on the data and information obtained. The population and sample in this study are only employees with civil servant status who have participated in human resource development programs. The results of this study indicate that based on the Determination Coefficient Test shows a strong relationship between human resource development and performance. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, the researcher can conclude that the human resource development variable has a significant positive or unidirectional influence on employee performance at the Ministry of Religion of South Sumatra Province.

This rare case vignette describes hypoglycemic, hyperinsulinemic nesidioblastosis in a female patient with prior Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The patient presented with severe symptomatic hypoglycemia resistant to IV dextrose and diazoxide, requiring surgical resection. Traditional imaging found nonspecific findings, and biochemical analysis was inconsistent with insulinoma. A gallium-68 dotatate PET scan was utilized to successfully localize the tumor in the distal pancreas. She underwent laparoscopic resection of the distal pancreatic lesion with resolution of her symptoms and return to euglycemia. The histological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of nesidioblastosis. Nesidioblastosis is a rare complication of bariatric surgery that may be more clinically relevant with rising prevalence of obesity. Diagnosis with conventional imaging modalities may be challenging; however, the dotatate PET scan may have high utility in detecting lesions. It is essential for clinicians to consider nesidioblastosis in the differential diagnosis of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic conditions and recognize there may be a link with increasing rates of bariatric surgery.

Annual and herbaceous perennial ornamental bedding plants are popular, high value crops in the southeastern United States. However, many of these plants are subject to root or crown rot caused by Phytophthora species. In North Carolina, Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan, Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker, Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff., and/or Phytophthora tropicalis Aragakia and J.Y. Uchida cause this disease in greenhouse production systems and in the landscape. Because practical management options for landscapers and homeowners are limited, the objective of this study was to identify annual and herbaceous perennial ornamental landscape plants that perform well in Phytophthora-infested landscape beds at three locations in western and central North Carolina. Although landscape beds were artificially inoculated with P. nicotianae, P. drechsleri, P. cryptogea sensu lato, and P. tropicalis, P. nicotianae was the most frequently isolated species from symptomatic plants and was the only species confirmed to be active at all locations in both years of this study. Eighteen cultivars of annuals and twenty-one cultivars of herbaceous perennials performed well and have been recommended for Phytophthora-infested landscapes to growers and homeowners in the southeastern United States.

OBJECTIVE The middle fossa approach is an effective option for the treatment of small (Koos grade I and II) vestibular schwannomas (VSs) when the goal is hearing preservation. The authors evaluated the rates of hearing preservation and examined the factors associated with improved hearing outcomes after the middle fossa approach for VSs. METHODS In this retrospective, single-center cohort study evaluating the clinical outcomes after resection of small VSs using the middle fossa approach, consecutive adult patients (> 18 years) who underwent surgery between January 2000 and December 2021 were included. Clinical and imaging characteristics were analyzed, including baseline hearing status, duration of surgery, anesthetic parameters, and imaging characteristics of the surgically treated tumors. RESULTS Among the 131 included patients, 102 had valid and discoverable pre- and postoperative audiology assessments. The mean follow-up was 26 months (range 1–180 months). There were 85 patients with serviceable hearing preoperatively, defined as American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) class A or B, of whom 78% retained class A or B hearing at the last follow-up. Binary logistic regression demonstrated that preoperative hearing AAO-HNS class (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.77; p = 0.02), overlap between fundus and cochlea (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.11–0.96; p = 0.04), and duration of anesthesia (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99; p = 0.03) were independent predictors of hearing outcomes. Additionally, 75% of patients with high diffusion-weighted imaging signal in the tumor (p = 0.009) and 67% of patients with the tumor originating at the modiolus of the cochlea (p = 0.004) had poor hearing outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The hearing preservation rates after microsurgical resection of small VSs using the middle fossa approach are high, with 78% of patients maintaining AAO-HNS class A or B hearing. Poor hearing status at baseline, longer duration of anesthesia, and large overlap between the fundus of the internal auditory canal and the cochlea were independently associated with unfavorable hearing outcomes. Imaging characteristics can be used to stratify patients’ risk of hearing loss.

We offer a method to invert and redefine three predominant criminological theories from deficit-based to strength-based theories of crime. Using a nine-step protocol, we devised procedures on how to perform theoretical inversions, which include critically assessing the original framework of an identified theory, assuming an opposite frame, listing the original propositions, and applying an opposing frame to revise the original theory’s proposition. Our inversion method produced punitive provocation theory, critical environmental adaptation theory, and socio-structural induction theory, as theoretical inversions of deterrence, social disorganization, and self-control theories. We suggest different measurement options for these new inverted theories, including a focus on the structural antecedents of crime such as racial/ethnic discrimination, exclusion, surveillance practices, and divestment from communities. To ameliorate under-theorizing and create a more equitable and less harmful society, we urge theorists, researchers, and practitioners to adopt a more inclusive, critical, and reflexive approach to understanding human behavior.

Spinning is one of the major steps in textiles to convert staple fibers from either natural or synthetic sources into continuous and twisted yarns, and ring spinning has always been the dominant yarn technology since its invention. Recently, many ring-based modifications have been developed to improve yarn productivity and properties. In this work, a modified ring spinning technique has been developed by feeding three-roving strands into a conventional ring frame for producing yarns with better performance. A strand delivery guide with different spacings (1–5 mm) was used for the production of three-strand yarns. The quantitative relationships between the spinning parameters and yarn properties have been systematically investigated. The properties of the modified yarns were evaluated, including yarn tensile properties, evenness, and hairiness, and the statistical relationships were obtained by least squares polynomial fitting. The experimental results indicate that the guide spacing and twist multiplier significantly influence the yarn properties. The spinning triangle of the modified yarns resembles Solospun yarns, suggesting supreme yarn abrasion performance.

Faunivorous mammals with simple guts are thought to rely primarily on endogenously produced enzymes to digest food, in part because they lack fermentation chambers for facilitating mutualistic interactions with microbes. However, variation in microbial community composition along the length of the gastrointestinal tract has yet to be assessed in faunivorous species with simple guts. We tested for differences in bacterial taxon abundances and community compositions between the small intestines and colons of 26 individuals representing four species of shrew in the genus Crocidura. We sampled these hosts from a single locality on Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, to control for potential geographic and temporal variation. Bacterial community composition differed significantly between the two gut regions and members of the family Mycoplasmataceae contributed substantially to these differences. Three operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of an unclassified genus in this family were more abundant in the small intestine, whereas 1 OTU of genus Ureaplasma was more abundant in the colon. Species of Ureaplasma encode an enzyme that degrades urea, a metabolic byproduct of protein catabolism. Additionally, a Hafnia–Obesumbacterium OTU, a genus known to produce chitinase in bat gastrointestinal tracts, was also more abundant in the colon compared to the small intestine. The presence of putative chitinase- and urease-producing bacteria in shrew guts suggests mutualisms with microorganisms play a role in facilitating the protein-rich, faunivorous diets of simple gut mammals.

The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented demand for hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) services, with excess mortality and length-of-stay (LOS) that may not be attributable to COVID-19 patients alone. We examined risk-adjusted outcomes in adult ICU patients overall, and for subgroups with and without COVID-19. Severity-adjusted mortality, LOS, and ventilator days in COVID-19 patients were higher than expected when adjusted by APACHE for age, chronic illness, and physiology. Non-COVID-19 patients had worse outcomes during high COVID-19 census. These findings have implications for physician executives evaluating and presenting hospital and ICU outcomes during the pandemic.

Electric scooters (e-scooters) are an increasingly popular form of transportation, but their use has also resulted in increased incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous reports have predominantly described mild TBI with limited attention to other injury patterns. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of e-scooter use on rates of severe TBI.We performed a multicenter retrospective case review of patients who presented with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score 3-8) related to e-scooter use and undertook a systematic literature review to identify other reports of severe TBI related to e-scooter use.Of the 19 patients (mean age, 38 ± 16 years; 73.7% male) included in the case series, 13 (68.4%) experienced a fall and 6 (31.6%) were involved in a collision. Various cerebral injury patterns, associated craniofacial fractures, and cervical spine injuries were also seen. Twelve patients (63.2%) underwent intracranial pressure monitor placement and 6 (31.6%) underwent a decompressive hemicraniectomy. Most patients (n = 12; 63.2%) were discharged to acute rehabilitation, with a median modified Rankin Scale score of 2 at 4.9 ± 7.7 months follow-up (52.6% had a good outcome of modified Rankin Scale score ≤2), but 4 patients died of primary injuries. The systematic review identified 18 studies with 77,069 patients between 2019 and 2021, with 37 patients who required intensive care and 6 patients who had neurosurgical intervention.Severe TBI after e-scooter use is associated with high morbidity and is likely underdiagnosed in the literature. Awareness and public policies may be helpful to reduce the impact of injury.

BackgroundWhile neuroimaging has provided insights into the formation of episodic memories in relation to voluntary memory recall, less is known about neural mechanisms that cause memories to occur involuntarily, for example, as intrusive memories of trauma. Here, we investigated brain activity shortly after viewing distressing events as a function of whether memories for those events later intruded involuntarily. The postencoding period is particularly important because it is a period when clinical interventions could be applied.MethodsA total of 32 healthy volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing distressing film clips, interspersed with 5 minutes of awake (postencoding) rest. Voluntary memories of the films were assessed using free recall and verbal and visual recognition tests after a week, while intrusive (involuntary) memories were recorded in a diary throughout that week.ResultsWhen analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging responses related to watching the films, we replicated findings that those “hotspots” (salient moments within the films) that would later become intrusive memories elicited higher activation in parts of the brain’s salience network. Surprisingly, while the postencoding persistence of multivoxel correlation structures associated with entire film clips predicted subsequent voluntary recall, there was no evidence that they predicted subsequent intrusions.ConclusionsResults replicate findings regarding the formation of intrusive memories during encoding and extend findings regarding the consolidation of information in postencoding rest in relation to voluntary memory. While we provided a first step using a naturalistic paradigm, further research is needed to elucidate the role of postencoding neural processes in the development of intrusive memories.

Aims Accurate identification of the ankle joint centre is critical for estimating tibial coronal alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of the current study was to leverage artificial intelligence (AI) to determine the accuracy and effect of using different radiological anatomical landmarks to quantify mechanical alignment in relation to a traditionally defined radiological ankle centre. Methods Patients with full-limb radiographs from the Osteoarthritis Initiative were included. A sub-cohort of 250 radiographs were annotated for landmarks relevant to knee alignment and used to train a deep learning (U-Net) workflow for angle calculation on the entire database. The radiological ankle centre was defined as the midpoint of the superior talus edge/tibial plafond. Knee alignment (hip-knee-ankle angle) was compared against 1) midpoint of the most prominent malleoli points, 2) midpoint of the soft-tissue overlying malleoli, and 3) midpoint of the soft-tissue sulcus above the malleoli. Results A total of 932 bilateral full-limb radiographs (1,864 knees) were measured at a rate of 20.63 seconds/image. The knee alignment using the radiological ankle centre was accurate against ground truth radiologist measurements (inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.99 (0.98 to 0.99)). Compared to the radiological ankle centre, the mean midpoint of the malleoli was 2.3 mm (SD 1.3) lateral and 5.2 mm (SD 2.4) distal, shifting alignment by 0.34o (SD 2.4o) valgus, whereas the midpoint of the soft-tissue sulcus was 4.69 mm (SD 3.55) lateral and 32.4 mm (SD 12.4) proximal, shifting alignment by 0.65o (SD 0.55o) valgus. On the intermalleolar line, measuring a point at 46% (SD 2%) of the intermalleolar width from the medial malleoli (2.38 mm medial adjustment from midpoint) resulted in knee alignment identical to using the radiological ankle centre. Conclusion The current study leveraged AI to create a consistent and objective model that can estimate patient-specific adjustments necessary for optimal landmark usage in extramedullary and computer-guided navigation for tibial coronal alignment to match radiological planning. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(10):767–776.

Health equity research in transplantation has largely relied on national data sources, yet the availability of social determinants of health (SDOH) data varies widely among these sources. We sought to characterize the extent to which national data sources contain SDOH data applicable to end-stage organ disease (ESOD) and transplant patients. We reviewed 10 active national data sources based in the United States. For each data source, we examined patient inclusion criteria and explored strengths and limitations regarding SDOH data, using the National Institutes of Health PhenX toolkit of SDOH as a data collection instrument. Of the 28 SDOH variables reviewed, eight-core demographic variables were included in ≥80% of the data sources, and seven variables that described elements of social status ranged between 30 and 60% inclusion. Variables regarding identity, healthcare access, and social need were poorly represented (≤20%) across the data sources, and five of these variables were included in none of the data sources. The results of our review highlight the need for improved SDOH data collection systems in ESOD and transplant patients via: enhanced inter-registry collaboration, incorporation of standardized SDOH variables into existing data sources, and transplant center and consortium-based investigation and innovation.

The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a prevalent disease primarily caused by cigarette smoke exposure, is incompletely elucidated. Studies in humans and mice have suggested that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) may play a role. Reduced lung levels of HIF-1α are associated with decreased vascular density, whereas increased leukocyte HIF-1α may be responsible for increased inflammation. To elucidate the specific role of leukocyte HIF-1α in COPD, we exposed transgenic mice with conditional deletion or overexpression of HIF-1α in leukocytes to cigarette smoke for 7 mo. Outcomes included pulmonary physiology, aerated lung volumes via microcomputed tomography, lung morphometry and histology, and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics. On aggregate, cigarette smoke increased the aerated lung volume, quasi-static lung compliance, inspiratory capacity of all strains while reducing the total alveolar septal volume. Independent of smoke exposure, mice with leukocyte-specific HIF-1α overexpression had increased quasi-static compliance, inspiratory capacity, and alveolar septal volume compared with mice with leukocyte-specific HIF-1α deletion. However, the overall development of cigarette smoke-induced lung disease did not vary relative to control mice for either of the conditional strains. This suggests that the development of murine cigarette smoke-induced airspace disease occurs independently of leukocyte HIF-1α signaling.

Knowledge-based entity prediction (KEP) is a novel task that aims to improve machine perception in autonomous systems. KEP leverages relational knowledge from heterogeneous sources in predicting potentially unrecognized entities. In this paper, we provide a formal definition of KEP as a knowledge completion task. Three potential solutions are then introduced, which employ several machine learning and data mining techniques. Finally, the applicability of KEP is demonstrated on two autonomous systems from different domains; namely, autonomous driving and smart manufacturing. We argue that in complex real-world systems, the use of KEP would significantly improve machine perception while pushing the current technology one step closer to achieving full autonomy., 6 pages, 4 figures, in IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2022

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OBJECTIVE Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) reduce body weight and improve cardiometabolic health, but their effect on physical activity is unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We pooled data (n = 148) from three randomized trials to investigate the effect of empagliflozin (SGLT2i) and liraglutide (GLP-1RA), in comparison with sitagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor) and dietary therapies, on accelerometer-assessed physical activity. RESULTS Liraglutide (mean −1,144 steps/day; 95% CI −2,069 to −220), empagliflozin (−1,132 steps/day; −1,739, −524), and sitagliptin (−852 steps/day; −1,625, −78) resulted in reduced total daily physical activity after 6 months (P < 0.01 vs. control). Moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity was also reduced. Dietary interventions led to no change or an increase in physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The initiation of all glucose-lowering therapies was associated with reduced physical activity, warranting further investigation.

This study tested whether a mindfulness-based intervention for obesity that included components aimed at emotion regulation and mindful eating improved psychological outcomes including stress, anxiety, positive emotion, and depression, during the intervention period and at longer-term follow-up.Adults with obesity (Participants randomized to the mindfulness arm had significant increases in positive emotions at all follow-up times compared to controls. There were statistically significant increases in mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and reflection, as well as decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms at 12 months compared to control participants. These changes remained significant for psychological flexibility and reflection at 18 months. There were no significant differences in perceived stress. Among mindfulness participants, greater increases in mindfulness from 6-18 months was associated with greater positive emotions and psychological flexibility as well as lower perceived stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and rumination at 18 months, adjusting for 6-month values. Mediation analyses indicated that randomization to the mindfulness intervention arm was associated with 6-month increases in mindfulness, and these increases were in turn associated with improved psychological outcomes at 6 months and 18 months. Changes from baseline to 18 months did not mediate 18-month changes in psychological outcomes.Mindfulness training in emotion regulation and mindful eating may provide greater longer-term psychological well-being benefits in non-clinical populations with obesity compared to conventional diet-exercise interventions.