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3. Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris – A Prospective Algal Fuel Source

Author

V. Hariram, J. Godwin John, E. Sangeethkumar, B. Gajalakshmi, and V. Ramanathan

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, General Environmental Science
Abstract

In recent years, the prospective use of algae as an alternate fuel source for petroleum-based fuels has increased drastically. It has been researched extensively and proven that it can be used as a sustainable feedstock for producing green energy considering environmental safety. This article focused on the economically viable algal feedstock for the production of lipid content for its use as a feedstock for biodiesel production. For this purpose, the algal species Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris were selected, and it was grown under lab and open ambient conditions with two Blue green Medium (BG-11) and Bold Basal medium (BBM). Upon the yield, it was noticed that the BG-11 medium gave optimum lipid yield for both species. Hence, it was determined that through this medium higher lipid yield can be expected, and based on the GC-MS result it was notified that it can be a viable source of alternate fuel.

Published
2022

7. Microstructure and Structural Comparison between Additively Manufactured Metal and Ceramics

Author

V. Hariram, Hussain Said Al Riyami, V. Nadanakumar, J. Godwin John, R. Christu Paul, R.S. Nakandhrakumar, and P. Rameshkumar

Subjects
Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering
Abstract

As we know additive manufacturing helps in reducing the manufacturing time as well as helps in advancing the complexity of the structure. Along with several benefits the method proposes it is very important to keep a track on what how many properties are adversely affected or benefited which helps in optimized planning and projects a significant improvement when kept parallel to the cost efficiency of the product. In order to have such kind of observation it is necessary to map the granular trajectory of the material while going through the process. While additive manufacturing is largely implied upon polymers and metals to a certain extent, ceramics have also seen their part of technological advancement. Both metal and ceramics are equally important and opposite to one another. If somehow, we are able to exploit the benefits of both the materials while on additive manufacturing arena the compound would be highly cost efficient and customization friendly. This paper discusses the micro structural properties and evolution of both metals and ceramics and also on metal matrix composites which are highly in demand in recent times.

Published
2022

8. Experimental and FEA Studies on Tensile and Flexural Characteristics of Carbon - Kevlar Hybrid Composite

Author

K. Guru, R. Sathishkumar, J. Godwin John, and V. Hariram

Subjects
Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering
Abstract

Experimental evaluation of tensile and flexural strength of a hybrid fiber reinforced polymer composite laminates with various stacking sequences is laborious, expensive and requires high time, energy and labor force. Computer based finite element analysis using Ansys provides an easy, inexpensive and speedy process to evaluate the various mechanical strengths of composite materials. In this study, an attempt was made to carry out the finite element analysis to evaluate the tensile and flexural strength of carbon-kevlar hybrid composite with different stacking sequences using Ansys. The experimental validation for best stacking sequence has also been conducted. The analysis results showed that, the sample with stacking sequence of C-K-C-C-K-K-C-C-K-C recorded with highest tensile strength as 285.16 MPa and highest flexural strength of 658.56 MPa. The experimental validation showed that the analysis result closely matches with the experimental result with 1.28% error. This error may be due to the influence of extraneous factors during fabrication.

Published
2022

9. Optimized Grapeseed Biodiesel Production and its Effect on the CI engines Combustion Characteristics at Variable Compression Ratios

Author

V. Hariram, A. Saravanan, V. Nadanakumar, M. Vinoth Kumar, M. Balachandar, J. Godwin John, S. Seralathan, and K.L. Vasudev

Subjects
Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering
Abstract

The present investigation aims at optimizing the biodiesel production of Grape seed bio-oil. Modelling proficiencies like Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interference System, Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approaches are used to assess the optimal biodiesel yield by considering the input variable parameters like molar ratio, reaction time and catalyst concentration. Two-stage transesterification process is deployed using sodium hydroxide and methanol. The RSM predicted optimized grape seed biodiesel yield was noticed as 97.62% at 1.045 g/g catalyst concentration, 1.11 hr. reaction duration and 0.2758 v/v molar ratios which were in correlation with the actual yield. Further, the obtained grape seed biodiesel is amalgamated with n-butanol (20%) and Di-ethyl carbonate (10%) to understand its efficacy on the combustion characteristics of the compression ignition engine at variable compression ratios of 17, 17.5 and 18. The outcomes including the in-cylinder pressure, rate of heat release, rate of pressure rise, cumulative heat release, mean gas temperature and mass fraction burnt of the oxygenated fuel blends were compared with straight diesel and diesel – grape seed biodiesel blends.

Published
2022

10. Spectroscopic Characterization of Palm Stearin Biodiesel Derived Through Base Catalysed Transesterification Process

Author

J. Godwin John, Sivamani Seralathan, N. Bala Karthikeyan, T. Micha Premkumar, and Venkatesan Hariram

Subjects
Biodiesel, Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants, biodiesel, transesterification, gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, palm stearin, Transesterification, Palm stearin, Characterization (materials science), lcsh:TD194-195, Chemical engineering, Scientific method, lcsh:Science (General), Base (exponentiation), lcsh:Q1-390, General Environmental Science
Abstract

In this research work, the characterization of the palm stearin biodiesel was made using Nuclear Magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FITR) and GC/MS methods. Analysis of the composition of fatty acids was done using the GCMS apparatus based on the retention time. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was used for the spectrum analysis of the various functional groups and bands located in it. The properties of the palm stearin biodiesel were predicted adopting the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Measured values of the properties were the density at 18°C as 0.88 g/m3, kinematic viscosity at 35°C as 3.4 mm2/s, the calorific value of the palm stearin as 37121 kJ/kg and the flash and fire points of the biodiesel as 130°C and 160oC respectively. The rapid and correct characterization of the palm stearin biodiesel was made by the NMR.

Published
2020

11. Predicting the combustion behaviour of compression ignition engine fuelled with biodiesel from Stoechospermum marginatum, a macro algae

Author

Seralathan Sivamani, Jagannathan Krishnan, Hariram Venkatesan, Preethi Vijayarengan, Micha Premkumar Thomai, and Godwin John John Rose

Subjects
Hot Temperature, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010501 environmental sciences, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Pressure, Environmental Chemistry, Macro, Process engineering, Vehicle Emissions, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biodiesel, business.industry, General Medicine, Compression (physics), Pollution, Renewable energy, Ignition system, Stoechospermum, Biofuels, Heat transfer, Environmental science, business, Gasoline
Abstract

Biodiesel is one among the recent developments in the field of renewable energy research. To enhance the combustion characteristics of compression ignition engine, industry and academicians were working towards clean and renewable energy resource. Algal biodiesel was one of the major research arenas in the recent decade of renewable energy. Bio-oil from marine brown macro algae, Stoechospermum marginatum was used as the test fuel in this study. The purpose of this numerical study was to analyse the combustion behaviour of compression ignition engine when fuelled with Stoechospermum marginatum biodiesel as a fuel. The numerical study was performed using the zero-dimensional combustion model by incorporating the dynamic combustion duration during the heat transfer using the MATLAB Simulink software. The developed model which incorporated the instantaneous combustion duration was a novel approach. Validations of the numerical results on combustion features like in-cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, rate of heat release, and cumulative heat release were done by comparing it with the experimental data. The deviation between the numerical and experimental values was found to be within 5 to 6%.

Published
2020

12. Impact of varying the compression ratio on the combustion phenomenon of the diesel engine when fuelled with sesame biodiesel

Author

Venkatesan Hariram, Sivamani Seralathan, A. Cyril Christo, J. Reinhard Bonnke Osborn, S. Sooryanarayanan, G. Siva Subramaniam, and J. Godwin John

Subjects
Biodiesel, Energy demand, business.industry, 020209 energy, Fossil fuel, 02 engineering and technology, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Combustion, Diesel engine, Pressure rise, Diesel fuel, Compression ratio, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, 0210 nano-technology, Process engineering, business
Abstract

As the fossil fuel reserves are getting depleted, the focus is towards alternative fuels to meet the future energy demand. Literatures showed that 20% biodiesel blend will be more appropriate in diesel engine without engine modifications. Few researches are performed on varying the compression ratio to understand the combustion behavior. The focus of this study is use understand the combustion behavior by varying compression ratios using third grade sesame oil. The blended fuel (B20) and its fuel properties are found to be within the stipulated standards. The in-cylinder pressure increases as the compression ratio is increased. Also, the rate of pressure rise and rate of heat release is higher as the compression ratio is increased. This confirms the fact that blended sesame biodiesel can be used as an alternate fuel source for diesel at higher compression ratio (18:1).

Published
2020

13. FEA based approach on replacing the metal cast wheel into thermoset plastic wheel

Author

S. Sooryanarayanan, T. Micha Premkumar, G. Siva Subramaniam, Sivamani Seralathan, J. Godwin John, and Venkatesan Hariram

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Computer science, business.industry, Mechanical engineering, Thermosetting polymer, 02 engineering and technology, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Durability, Finite element method, Software, Deflection (engineering), 0103 physical sciences, Ansys software, Fuel efficiency, Sheet moulding compound, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Weight reduction of about 100 kg in an automobile decreases the fuel consumption of about 0.7 L for every 100 km of traveling is the reasoned fact that many research are fielded towards conversion of metal to plastic. This was the main idea for executing this project i.e. replacement of wheel housing of a four-wheeler from metal to plastics. Sheet molding compound (SMC) is the material selected for this conversion project. The designing of the wheel housing was carried out using the Pro-e software with actual dimensions. The effectiveness, reliability, durability and the strength was analyzed using the ANSYS software. It was noted that the deflection of the material during the application of maximum load was 0.42 mm and the stress developed at the same time was noticed to be 39.008 N/mm2 which was within permissible limits. Based on the outcomes, SMC could be viable replacement for the metal wheel housing.

Published
2020

15. Thermal and Structural Analysis of Different Piston Geometries of Compression Ignition Engine

Author

V. Hariram, Ch. Sesha Sai Somanadh, M. Naveenkumar, J. Godwin John, Ch. Chandrasekhar Reddy, S. Upendar Reddy, and S. Seralathan

Subjects
Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering
Abstract

Improvement in performance of the diesel engines is carried out by focusing on several parameters. One among these is piston which undergoes higher thermal loads and thermal stresses during its entire working cycle and duration. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the stresses that the piston can be able to withstand and give its contribution to maximize the engine performance. In this study, four different piston shapes were considered namely, flat, dome, cup and bowl type pistons. 3D models were developed for these pistons and simulations was carried out in the ANSYS at steady state conditions using finite element method (FEM). Based on the investigations, it was observed that the maximum temperature distributed was nearly same in all the types of pistons as 1133K which appeared near the combustion area. The thermal stress and total deformation values of the piston was found to be lesser for the flat and dome types of pistons. Based on the data obtained for thermal stress, temperature distribution, heat flux and total deformation, it can be suggested that flat or dome type pistons can be considered for use in the IC engine to maximize the performance of diesel engine.

Published
2021

16. Emission Characteristics of Third Grade Oil Converted Sesame Biodiesel

Author

J. Godwin John, V. Hariram, B. Gajalakshmi, J. Allen Jeffrey, and Cijil B. John

Subjects
Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering
Abstract

The demand and usage of fossil fuels has been increasing drastically, leading us to search for alternate fuels. The sesame seed is selected as an alternate fuel source, as a focus for this research paper. The sesame biodiesel is a type of fuel that has been obtained through the transesterification process from sesame oil using base catalyst transesterification. The sesame biodiesel was blended with four different ratios B10, B20, B30 and B40, among which B20 resulted with better stability, tested in the Kirloskar 240PE VCR engine at a compression ratio of 17.5:1 and 18:1 in various loads. The FTIR test was performed on sesame biodiesel, and it has shown that ester content was present in the test sample confirming its usage as the biodiesel. The fuel properties were found for all the three: sesame oil, sesame biodiesel(B20), diesel and it was found to be within the permissible limit. The result reveals that B20 is the best possible blend that has given good results in emission characteristics. The smoke emission testing was done on AVL emission analyser. It has been noted and observed that there is good reduction in CO, CO2, and HC than with standard diesel rate at all loads. An increased amount of NOx is observed as the load increases. It was also noted among the two compression ratios, 18:1 depicted best results considering the emission levels. It is observed that the sesame biodiesel can be used in IC diesel engines with a better outcome than the standard diesel rate. Hence, the work established the need for conversion of sesame seed oil to biodiesel and also suggests that sesame oil could be effectively used as feedstock for biodiesel production.

Published
2021

17. Numerical and experimental study of the combustion phenomenon when the compression ignition is fuelled with mineral diesel

Author

T. Micha Premkumar, J. Godwin John, Hariram Venkatesan, and Seralathan Sivamani

Subjects
Computer simulation, Mechanical Engineering, Numerical analysis, Mechanics, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Combustion, Compression (physics), law.invention, Ignition system, Diesel fuel, Mechanics of Materials, law, Environmental science, Heat transfer model, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mass fraction, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Purpose The purpose this experimentation is to study the combustion characteristics of compression ignition engine fuelled with mineral diesel. The reason behind the numerical simulation is to validate the experimental results of the combustion characteristics. Design/methodology/approach The numerical analysis was carried out in this study using MATLAB Simulink, and the zero dimensional combustion model was applied to predict the combustion parameters such as in cylinder pressure, pressure rise rate and rate of heat release. Findings Incorporating the dynamic combustion duration with respect to variable engine load in the zero dimensional combustion model using MATLAB Simulink reduced the variation of experimental and numerical outputs between 5.5 and 6 per cent in this analysis. Research limitations/implications Validation of the experimental analysis is very limited. Investigations were performed using zero dimensional combustion model, which is the very appropriate for analysing the combustion characteristics. Originality/value Existing studies assumed that the combustion duration period as invariant in their numerical analysis, but with the real time scenario occurring in CI engine, that is not the case. In this analysis, mass fraction burnt considering the dynamic combustion duration was incorporated in the heat transfer model to reduce the error variation between experimental and numerical studies.

Published
2019

18. Evaluating the combustion and emission phenomenon of algal and cotton seed biodiesel as fuel for compression ignition engine

Author

Seralathan Sivamani, J. Godwin John, and Hariram Venkatesan

Subjects
Biodiesel, Mechanical Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Pulp and paper industry, Combustion, Diesel engine, Diesel fuel, Algae fuel, Vegetable oil, Mechanics of Materials, Environmental science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Cetane number, NOx, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Purpose Vast areas have been studied toward combustion and emission analysis in vegetable oil methyl esters and quite a few in algal oil biodiesel. To analyze the better alternate source for diesel engine, this study aims to investigate the combustion behavior and emission characteristics between cottonseed biodiesel and algal oil biodiesel on comparison with mineral diesel in a compression ignition engine. Design/methodology/approach The fuel properties like density, kinematic viscosity, calorific value and Cetane number have met the biodiesel standards for both algal and cottonseed biodiesel. At rated power, engine was operated on all three test fuels, where combustion analysis describing in-cylinder pressure, peak pressure, rate of pressure rise and rate of heat release and emission characteristics including hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke for both biodiesel comparing mineral diesel. Findings Algal and cottonseed biodiesel showed up to 2-3°CA delayed start of combustion comparing mineral diesel curve. The in-cylinder pressure of algal biodiesel was found to be 68 bar, whereas cottonseed biodiesel exhibited 65 bar at full load condition. Similarly, the rate of pressure rise and rate of heat release of algal biodiesel depicted 7.9 and 10.7 per cent rise than cottonseed biodiesel, respectively. As the load increased, ignition delay showed decreasing trend, while combustion duration showed an increasing trend. HC, CO and smoke emissions were seen to be lower than mineral diesel with noticeable increase in NOx emission. Originality/value In this present investigation, biodiesel from Stoechospermum Marginatum, a marine marco algae, was used to fuel the compression ignition engine. Its combustion behavior and emission characteristics are compared with cottonseed biodiesel, a vegetable oil-based biodiesel having similar physio-chemical characteristics to understand the suitability of algal biodiesel in compression ignition engine. This study involves the assessment of straight biodiesel from macro algae and cottonseed oil on standard operating conditions.

Published
2019

19. Influence of n-butanol on combustion phenomenon of a compression ignition engine fuelled with methyl esters of cottonseed and algal oil

Author

T. Micha Premkumar, Sivamani Seralathan, J. Godwin John, and Venkatesan Hariram

Subjects
Biodiesel, Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Pulp and paper industry, Combustion, law.invention, Ignition system, Diesel fuel, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Heat of combustion, Waste Management and Disposal, Cetane number, Oxygenate, Fatty acid methyl ester
Abstract

This comparative study aims at experimental investigation on the combustion behaviour of a single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine using oxygenated blends of algal and cottonseed biodiesel. The algal oil is extracted by a solvent-extraction method using a Soxhlet apparatus and the cottonseed oil is procured from the local market. Base-catalysed transesterification using sodium hydroxide and methanol yield their respective methyl esters, and the physiochemical properties are found to be comparable with diesel and within American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) limits. The test fuels formulated for the study are D80CBD20, D80ABD20, D80CBD20nB10 and D80ABD20nB10. The combustion phenomenon displayed higher in-cylinder pressure and rate of heat release for oxygenated blended biodiesel than for other fuel blends. This is due to its shorter ignition delay and improved premixed combustion phase. D80CBD20nB10 and D80ABD20nB10 also displayed earlier start of combustion. The higher cetane number and calorific value of the oxygenated fuel blends improved the rate of heat release and cumulative heat release considerably. The oxygenated blends also exhibited a higher rate of pressure rise with comparable trends. Based on this investigation, blending of n-butanol up to 10% with algal biodiesel produces improved combustion behaviour of the CI engine.

Published
2019

20. Comparative analysis of combustion, performance and emission phenomenon of a CI engine fuelled with algal and cotton seed biodiesel

Author

Sivamani Seralathan, J. Godwin John, V. Hariram, and T. Micha Premkumar

Subjects
Biodiesel, Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 020209 energy, Extraction (chemistry), food and beverages, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, Ignition delay, Compression (physics), Combustion, law.invention, Cylinder (engine), Grinding, Ignition system, 020401 chemical engineering, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0204 chemical engineering, Composite material
Abstract

The present study compares the effect of algal and cotton seed biodiesel in a single cylinder compression ignition engine. Bio-oil extraction was achieved through grinding operation and soxhlet lip...

Published
2019

21. Fit-Viability Approach for E-Learning Based Cloud Computing Adoption in Higher Education Institutions: A Conceptual Model

Author

Mohammed A. Al-Sharafi, Qasim Alajmi, and Godwin John Chellathurai

Subjects
Knowledge management, Higher education, business.industry, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Educational technology, Information technology, Cloud computing, Context (language use), Diffusion of innovations, Empirical research, Conceptual model, business, media_common
Abstract

Today, exists an innovative thinking amongst the educators and learners in the use of e-learning method in the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) worldwide. Be that as it may, the E-learning framework requires immense up-front infrastructure with many establishments which isn’t anything but difficult to be overseen. Cloud computing accompanies another advancement stage to overcome e-learning issues in a simple and cost-proficient way that HEIs can embrace to improve the nature of their scholarly services toward the end with the thought of an instructive innovation of educational technology. The fundamental point of this explorative study is to develop a conceptual model to examine the factors laid down by Information technology (IT) adoption theory that influencing the E-Learning Based Cloud Computing (ELBCC) by integrating fit-viability theory with the diffusion of innovations (DOI) theory’s factors. The findings of this study demonstrated that the used scale measurement has met the criteria of reliability and validity. Further this study conveyed an integrated model for investigating Cloud Computing adoption for E-Learning in HEIs in Omani context in the Sultanate of Oman, and it provides the foundation for coming studies due to its infancy, and deep insight for cloud computing development, this is a hypothetical commitment. Moreover, this study builds up an empirical mechanism to explore influencing adoption features for the Omani HEIs perspective. In Composing, this is the first kind of an empirical study in Omani HEIs setting. At long last, the outcome will help the Omani HEIs to make sense of their preparation for E-Learning Based Cloud Computing, and what are the critical elements decision makers ought to consider prior to implementation.

Published
2021

23. Design and Numerical Analysis of Gearless Transmission Used in Small Wind Turbine

Author

Sivamani Seralathan, Godwin John, Pinku Kumar, Venkatesan Hariram, and Micha T. Premkumar

Subjects
Vertical axis wind turbine, business.product_category, Small wind turbine, Computer science, Mechanical engineering, law.invention, Power (physics), Mechanism (engineering), law, Drive shaft, Bevel gear, Torque, business, Continuously variable transmission
Abstract

The main function of the gearless transmission system is to transmit power between two shafts through the sliding links that develop revolute pair between the hubs of two shaft. Normally the output link is bent at any angle between 0 and 180°. Moreover, as the hub in the driving shaft rotates, holes in this hub rotate, which in turn pushes the links and it drive the output. Moreover, torque developed in the small wind turbine is small so it is effectively used in this low torque applications. The objective of this project is to analysis gearless drive that is being simple and transmitting power preciously at almost right angle without any bevel gears. This mechanism is completely analysis using Ansys© software to lookout the elbow rod the hub under different working condition. Numerical analysis is made by rotating the mechanism at different rpm, viz. 0–150 rpm. Reaction forces and reaction moment are analyzed for 5 s simulation and compared with allowable stress. In this investigation, the effect of number of links and size of link is studied to find the permissible operating speed of mechanism. The major outcome of this work is to get the permissible limit of the stress, strain, speed, torque transmitting capacity of this mechanism as it is very much attracting the research community in replacing the conventional bevel gears. It is observed that the optimum number of link for better transmission is 8 and its diameter is 8 mm, and optimum speed of the mechanism is 100 rpm, so this mechanism is suitable for the small wind turbine.

Published
2020

24. Assessing the Predicting Capability of RSM and ANN on Transesterification Process for Yielding Biodiesel from Vitis vinifera Seed Oil

Author

Venkatesan Hariram, Sivamani Seralathan, T. Micha Premkumar, J. Godwin John, and A. Bose

Subjects
Acid value, Biodiesel, chemistry.chemical_compound, Yield (engineering), Materials science, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Central composite design, Transesterification, Response surface methodology, Cetane number, Fatty acid methyl ester
Abstract

In this present investigation, the process parameters to obtain maximum fatty acid methyl ester yield from Vitis vinifera seed bio-oil by transesterification were explored using the central composite design with variable input parameters like catalyst concentration (0.5–1.5% of KOH), reaction duration (30–60 min), and molar ratio (3:1–7:1). Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to predict the optimized biodiesel yield and model the transesterification process. The experimental outputs were simulated using a quadratic model generated by RSM. The maximum biodiesel yield parameters were determined by RSM, and it was found to be 6.4246:1 molar ratio, 66.8205 min reaction time, and 1.1719% of catalyst concentration. The transesterification process performed with this experimental combination resulted in methyl ester yield of around 97.53% which correlated well with the yield predicted by RSM. The statistical analysis was carried out to determine the model validity, accuracy, and predictive capability of both ANN and RSM models. The biodiesel obtained by this process was subjected to analysis for estimating the physiochemical properties like cetane number, calorific value, density, acid value, flash and fire point, and kinematic viscosity, and it was found to be within ASTM limits.

Published
2020

25. Additional file 1 of AML risk stratification models utilizing ELN-2017 guidelines and additional prognostic factors: a SWOG report

Author

Pogosova-Agadjanyan, Era L., Moseley, Anna, Othus, Megan, Appelbaum, Frederick R., Chauncey, Thomas R., I-Ming L. Chen, Erba, Harry P., Godwin, John E., Jenkins, Isaac C., Fang, Min, Huynh, Mike, Kopecky, Kenneth J., List, Alan F., Naru, Jasmine, Radich, Jerald P., Stevens, Emily, Willborg, Brooke E., Willman, Cheryl L., Wood, Brent L., Zhang, Qing, Meshinchi, Soheil, and Stirewalt, Derek L.

Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Targeted Sequencing Details. Table S1A. Target regions for Wafergen Sequencing. Table S1B Primers and Amplicon Details for Wafergen Sequencing. Table S1C. Primers for CEBPA targeted MiSeq Assay. Table S2. Loci that Failed Quality Control. Table S3. Characteristics of selected and unselected SWOG patients. Fig. S1. Comparison of Performance Characteristics of selected and unselected SWOG patients. Table S4. Characteristics of SWOG patients in the discovery and validation cohorts. Fig. S2. Comparison of Performance Characteristics of SWOG patients in the discovery and validation cohorts. Table S5. Mutation distribution in discovery and validation cohorts. Fig. S3. Mutation Frequency (OncoPrint). Table S6. Expression fold change differences between MNCs and VLBs in discovery cohort. Table S7. Univariate analyses results, non-significant findings Models Details. Table S8. ELN2017 versus ELN2017-MOD risk assignment in MNCs and VLBs.

Published
2020
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26. Emission reduction using improved fuel properties of algal oil biodiesel and its blends

Author

Sivamani Seralathan, V. Hariram, and Godwin John

Subjects
Biodiesel, biology, Waste management, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 020209 energy, food and beverages, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Transesterification, Pulp and paper industry, biology.organism_classification, Algae fuel, Stoechospermum, Fuel Technology, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Algae, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, Limiting oxygen concentration
Abstract

In this present study, a brown macro algae (Stoechospermum marginatum) from marine ecosystem was used to extract bio-oil. The extracted algal oil was subjected to single-stage transesterification u...

Published
2017

27. Spectrometric analysis of algal biodiesel as a fuel derived through base-catalysed transesterification

Author

Sivamani Seralathan, V. Hariram, and J. Godwin John

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Biodiesel, biology, Base (chemistry), Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 020209 energy, Intertidal zone, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, Transesterification, biology.organism_classification, Pulp and paper industry, Stoechospermum, 020401 chemical engineering, Algae, chemistry, Brown seaweed, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0204 chemical engineering
Abstract

The present experimental investigation focuses on production of biodiesel from marine macro algae Stoechospermum marginatum, a brown seaweed. S. marginatum was collected from the intertidal zone of...

Published
2017

28. Impact of oxygenated cottonseed biodiesel on combustion, performance and emission parameters in a direct injection CI engine

Author

Seralathan Sivamani, J. Godwin John, and Hariram Venkatesan

Subjects
Biodiesel, Waste management, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 020209 energy, food and beverages, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, Transesterification, Ignition delay, Combustion, law.invention, Ignition system, Cottonseed, Taguchi methods, 020401 chemical engineering, law, Biodiesel production, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, 0204 chemical engineering
Abstract

In the present study, biodiesel production from the crude cotton-seed oil (CSO) and its feasibility to be used as fuel in compression ignition engine was analysed. Single-stage transesterification ...

Published
2017

29. Renewable Biofuel - A Macro Algal Test Study Through its Performance and Emission Analysis

Author

Godwin John J, Seralathan Sivamani, and Hariram Venkatesan

Subjects
Biodiesel, 020209 energy, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Pulp and paper industry, Diesel engine, 01 natural sciences, Brake specific fuel consumption, Algae fuel, Diesel fuel, Biofuel, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, Energy source, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This study focuses on producing the biofuel from a renewable algal energy source and test the behavior of the algal biodiesel in a single cylinder diesel engine. The algal biodiesel is produced by the algal oil, extracted from the dried macro algal biomass. The influence of this renewable biofuel is studied through its performance and emission characteristics. The renewable biofuel source, used in this study is Stoechospermum Marginatum, a brown seaweed from coastal regions of Tamil Nadu. The wet biomass collected is oven dried for an hour and then sun dried for twelve hours. The dried biomass is processed through Soxhlet lipid extraction process for isolating the oil. The remaining sludge is processed through ultra-sonication for maximum oil extraction. The extracted oil on single stage transesterification process produced the fatty acid methyl esters. The oil to biodiesel conversion efficiency is found to be 91%. The fuel properties are tested as per the standard procedure which met the EN14214 standards. The methyl esters are tested for its emission and performance characteristics. Algal biodiesel exhibited a higher brake specific fuel consumption along with similar values of brake thermal efficiency on comparison with mineral diesel. The emissions of HC, CO, Smoke are found to be lower except for NO x emission. Based on the present investigation, it is concluded that the algal biofuel can be used as an alternate for the diesel fuel.

Published
2019

31. Supplementary Material from Controlling invasive rodents via synthetic gene drive and the role of polyandry

Author

Manser, Andri, Cornell, Stephen J., Sutter, Andreas, Blondel, Dimitri V., Serr, Megan, Godwin, John, and Price, Tom A. R.

Abstract

PDF file containing all supplementary material- Text S1 "Polyandry and Sperm Competition with an Arbitrary Number of Mating Partners", Text S2 "Analytical Results | Single Release", Text S3 "Analytical Results | Continued Release under Monandry"

Published
2019
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32. Effect of DEE Oxygenate on Diesel in Algal Biodiesel-Diesel Blends on the Combustion Phenomenon of DI Compression Ignition Engines

Author

V. Hariram, Sivamani Seralathan, M. Rajasekaran, Godwin John, and V. Pradhap

Subjects
Biodiesel, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Transesterification, Combustion, Pulp and paper industry, law.invention, Ignition system, Algae fuel, chemistry.chemical_compound, Diesel fuel, chemistry, law, Methanol, Oxygenate
Abstract

Biodiesel derived from Stoechospermum marginatum is analysed in a CI engine to understand its feasibility to be used as fuel. In this study, Soxhlet extraction method was applied to extract the bio oil from the brown sea weed (S. Marginatum) with n-hexane as solvent. Considering the low FFA content through titration, base single stage transesterification process with methanol and NaOH at molar ratio of 8:1 is used and it yielded 84.5% of bio diesel. The test fuel is prepared with processed algae bio diesel and Di-Ethyl Ether in different blend ratios namely D80AB20, D70AB20DEE10 and D60AB20DEE20. The variation in combustion aspects are evaluated with constant concentration of algal bio diesel at 20% with variation in diesel and oxygenate concentrations. Consequential variation is observed in the combustion behaviour of CI engine on fuelling with test fuels. Comparable in-cylinder pressure is observed in bio-diesel blends and oxygenated blends. D70AB20DEEE10 exhibits superior heat release rate and pressure rise at all loads. The peak in-cylinder pressure and variation in ignition delay are also analysed in this study.

Published
2018

33. Injection Timing Variation and its Influence on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics on a Direct Injection CI Engine

Author

M. Rajasekaran, Venkatesan Hariram, Sivamani Seralathan, and Godwin John

Subjects
Thermal efficiency, Materials science, Dynamometer, Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Combustion, Cylinder pressure, Automotive engineering, Cylinder (engine), law.invention, Pressure rise, Brake specific fuel consumption, law, Bar (unit)
Abstract

The present experimental investigation aims at improving the combustion and performance parameters by varying the injection timing. A 3.5 kW single cylinder stationary CI engine equipped with eddy current dynamometer is used in this investigation. The static injection timing is varied using spill method by an advancement and retirement of 2 CAD with respect to standard injection timing of 23 BTDC. On comparison with the standard injection timing, the brake thermal efficiency, cylinder pressure, rate of heat release, mean gas temperature and rate of pressure rise are found to increase along with a significant decrease in brake specific fuel consumption for an advanced injection timing of 21 BTDC. Negative improvement is observed with respect to retarded injection timing of 25 BTDC. Optimum parameters for enhanced engine performance is found to be 21 BTDC injection timing with a 200 bar injection pressure at rated speed.

Published
2018

34. 31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): part two

Author

Ager, Casey, Reilley, Matthew, Nicholas, Courtney, Bartkowiak, Todd, Jaiswal, Ashvin, Curran, Michael, Albershardt, Tina C., Bajaj, Anshika, Archer, Jacob F., Reeves, Rebecca S., Ngo, Lisa Y., Berglund, Peter, ter Meulen, Jan, Denis, Caroline, Ghadially, Hormas, Arnoux, Thomas, Chanuc, Fabien, Fuseri, Nicolas, Wilkinson, Robert W., Wagtmann, Nicolai, Morel, Yannis, Andre, Pascale, Atkins, Michael B., Carlino, Matteo S., Ribas, Antoni, Thompson, John A., Choueiri, Toni K., Hodi, F. Stephen, Hwu, Wen-Jen, McDermott, David F., Atkinson, Victoria, Cebon, Jonathan S., Fitzharris, Bernie, Jameson, Michael B., McNeil, Catriona, Hill, Andrew G., Mangin, Eric, Ahamadi, Malidi, van Vugt, Marianne, van Zutphen, Mariëlle, Ibrahim, Nageatte, Long, Georgina V., Gartrell, Robyn, Blake, Zoe, Simoes, Ines, Fu, Yichun, Saito, Takuro, Qian, Yingzhi, Lu, Yan, Saenger, Yvonne M., Budhu, Sadna, De Henau, Olivier, Zappasodi, Roberta, Schlunegger, Kyle, Freimark, Bruce, Hutchins, Jeff, Barker, Christopher A., Wolchok, Jedd D., Merghoub, Taha, Burova, Elena, Allbritton, Omaira, Hong, Peter, Dai, Jie, Pei, Jerry, Liu, Matt, Kantrowitz, Joel, Lai, Venus, Poueymirou, William, MacDonald, Douglas, Ioffe, Ella, Mohrs, Markus, Olson, William, Thurston, Gavin, Capasso, Cristian, Frascaro, Federica, Carpi, Sara, Tähtinen, Siri, Feola, Sara, Fusciello, Manlio, Peltonen, Karita, Martins, Beatriz, Sjöberg, Madeleine, Pesonen, Sari, Ranki, Tuuli, Kyruk, Lukasz, Ylösmäki, Erkko, Cerullo, Vincenzo, Cerignoli, Fabio, Xi, Biao, Guenther, Garret, Yu, Naichen, Muir, Lincoln, Zhao, Leyna, Abassi, Yama, Cervera-Carrascón, Víctor, Siurala, Mikko, Santos, João, Havunen, Riikka, Parviainen, Suvi, Hemminki, Akseli, Dalgleish, Angus, Mudan, Satvinder, DeBenedette, Mark, Plachco, Ana, Gamble, Alicia, Grogan, Elizabeth W., Krisko, John, Tcherepanova, Irina, Nicolette, Charles, Dhupkar, Pooja, Yu, Ling, Kleinerman, Eugenie S., Gordon, Nancy, Grenga, Italia, Lepone, Lauren, Gameiro, Sofia, Knudson, Karin M., Fantini, Massimo, Tsang, Kwong, Hodge, James, Donahue, Renee, Schlom, Jeffrey, Evans, Elizabeth, Bussler, Holm, Mallow, Crystal, Reilly, Christine, Torno, Sebold, Scrivens, Maria, Foster, Cathie, Howell, Alan, Balch, Leslie, Knapp, Alyssa, Leonard, John E., Paris, Mark, Fisher, Terry, Hu-Lieskovan, Siwen, Smith, Ernest, Zauderer, Maurice, Fogler, William, Franklin, Marilyn, Thayer, Matt, Saims, Dan, Magnani, John L., Gong, Jian, Gray, Michael, Fromm, George, de Silva, Suresh, Giffin, Louise, Xu, Xin, Rose, Jason, Schreiber, Taylor H., Gameiro, Sofia R., Clavijo, Paul E., Allen, Clint T., Hodge, James W., Tsang, Kwong Y., Grogan, Jane, Manieri, Nicholas, Chiang, Eugene, Caplazi, Patrick, Yadav, Mahesh, Hagner, Patrick, Chiu, Hsiling, Waldman, Michelle, Klippel, Anke, Thakurta, Anjan, Pourdehnad, Michael, Gandhi, Anita, Henrich, Ian, Quick, Laura, Young, Rob, Chou, Margaret, Hotson, Andrew, Willingham, Stephen, Ho, Po, Choy, Carmen, Laport, Ginna, McCaffery, Ian, Miller, Richard, Tipton, Kimberly A., Wong, Kenneth R., Singson, Victoria, Wong, Chihunt, Chan, Chanty, Huang, Yuanhiu, Liu, Shouchun, Richardson, Jennifer H., Kavanaugh, W. Michael, West, James, Irving, Bryan A., Jaini, Ritika, Loya, Matthew, Eng, Charis, Johnson, Melissa L., Adjei, Alex A., Opyrchal, Mateusz, Ramalingam, Suresh, Janne, Pasi A., Dominguez, George, Gabrilovich, Dmitry, de Leon, Laura, Hasapidis, Jeannette, Diede, Scott J., Ordentlich, Peter, Cruickshank, Scott, Meyers, Michael L., Hellmann, Matthew D., Kalinski, Pawel, Zureikat, Amer, Edwards, Robert, Muthuswamy, Ravi, Obermajer, Nataša, Urban, Julie, Butterfield, Lisa H., Gooding, William, Zeh, Herbert, Bartlett, David, Zubkova, Olga, Agapova, Larissa, Kapralova, Marina, Krasovskaia, Liudmila, Ovsepyan, Armen, Lykov, Maxim, Eremeev, Artem, Bokovanov, Vladimir, Grigoryeva, Olga, Karpov, Andrey, Ruchko, Sergey, Shuster, Alexandr, Khalil, Danny N., Campesato, Luis Felipe, Li, Yanyun, Lazorchak, Adam S., Patterson, Troy D., Ding, Yueyun, Sasikumar, Pottayil, Sudarshan, Naremaddepalli, Gowda, Nagaraj, Ramachandra, Raghuveer, Samiulla, Dodheri, Giri, Sanjeev, Eswarappa, Rajesh, Ramachandra, Murali, Tuck, David, Wyant, Timothy, Leshem, Jasmin, Liu, Xiu-fen, Bera, Tapan, Terabe, Masaki, Bossenmaier, Birgit, Niederfellner, Gerhard, Reiter, Yoram, Pastan, Ira, Xia, Leiming, Xia, Yang, Hu, Yangyang, Wang, Yi, Bao, Yangyi, Dai, Fu, Huang, Shiang, Hurt, Elaine, Hollingsworth, Robert E., Lum, Lawrence G., Chang, Alfred E., Wicha, Max S., Li, Qiao, Mace, Thomas, Makhijani, Neil, Talbert, Erin, Young, Gregory, Guttridge, Denis, Conwell, Darwin, Lesinski, Gregory B., Gonzales, Rodney JM Macedo, Huffman, Austin P., Wang, Ximi K., Reshef, Ran, MacKinnon, Andy, Chen, Jason, Gross, Matt, Marguier, Gisele, Shwonek, Peter, Sotirovska, Natalija, Steggerda, Susanne, Parlati, Francesco, Makkouk, Amani, Bennett, Mark K., Emberley, Ethan, Huang, Tony, Li, Weiqun, Neou, Silinda, Pan, Alison, Zhang, Jing, Zhang, Winter, Marshall, Netonia, Marron, Thomas U., Agudo, Judith, Brown, Brian, Brody, Joshua, McQuinn, Christopher, Farren, Matthew, Komar, Hannah, Shakya, Reena, Ludwug, Thomas, Morillon, Y. Maurice, Hammond, Scott A., Greiner, John W., Nath, Pulak R., Schwartz, Anthony L., Maric, Dragan, Roberts, David D., Naing, Aung, Papadopoulos, Kyriakos P., Autio, Karen A., Wong, Deborah J., Patel, Manish, Falchook, Gerald, Pant, Shubham, Ott, Patrick A., Whiteside, Melinda, Patnaik, Amita, Mumm, John, Janku, Filip, Chan, Ivan, Bauer, Todd, Colen, Rivka, VanVlasselaer, Peter, Brown, Gail L., Tannir, Nizar M., Oft, Martin, Infante, Jeffrey, Lipson, Evan, Gopal, Ajay, Neelapu, Sattva S., Armand, Philippe, Spurgeon, Stephen, Leonard, John P., Sanborn, Rachel E., Melero, Ignacio, Gajewski, Thomas F., Maurer, Matthew, Perna, Serena, Gutierrez, Andres A., Clynes, Raphael, Mitra, Priyam, Suryawanshi, Satyendra, Gladstone, Douglas, Callahan, Margaret K., Crooks, James, Brown, Sheila, Gauthier, Audrey, de Boisferon, Marc Hillairet, MacDonald, Andrew, Brunet, Laura Rosa, Rothwell, William T., Bell, Peter, Wilson, James M., Sato-Kaneko, Fumi, Yao, Shiyin, Zhang, Shannon S., Carson, Dennis A., Guiducci, Cristina, Coffman, Robert L., Kitaura, Kazutaka, Matsutani, Takaji, Suzuki, Ryuji, Hayashi, Tomoko, Cohen, Ezra E. W., Schaer, David, Li, Yanxia, Dobkin, Julie, Amatulli, Michael, Hall, Gerald, Doman, Thompson, Manro, Jason, Dorsey, Frank Charles, Sams, Lillian, Holmgaard, Rikke, Persaud, Krishnadatt, Ludwig, Dale, Surguladze, David, Kauh, John S., Novosiadly, Ruslan, Kalos, Michael, Driscoll, Kyla, Pandha, Hardev, Ralph, Christy, Harrington, Kevin, Curti, Brendan, Akerley, Wallace, Gupta, Sumati, Melcher, Alan, Mansfield, David, Kaufman, David R., Schmidt, Emmett, Grose, Mark, Davies, Bronwyn, Karpathy, Roberta, Shafren, Darren, Shamalov, Katerina, Cohen, Cyrille, Sharma, Naveen, Allison, James, Shekarian, Tala, Valsesia-Wittmann, Sandrine, Caux, Christophe, Marabelle, Aurelien, Slomovitz, Brian M., Moore, Kathleen M., Youssoufian, Hagop, Posner, Marshall, Tewary, Poonam, Brooks, Alan D., Xu, Ya-Ming, Wijeratne, Kithsiri, Gunatilaka, Leslie A. A., Sayers, Thomas J., Vasilakos, John P., Alston, Tesha, Dovedi, Simon, Elvecrog, James, Grigsby, Iwen, Herbst, Ronald, Johnson, Karen, Moeckly, Craig, Mullins, Stefanie, Siebenaler, Kristen, SternJohn, Julius, Tilahun, Ashenafi, Tomai, Mark A., Vogel, Katharina, Vietsch, Eveline E., Wellstein, Anton, Wythes, Martin, Crosignani, Stefano, Tumang, Joseph, Alekar, Shilpa, Bingham, Patrick, Cauwenberghs, Sandra, Chaplin, Jenny, Dalvie, Deepak, Denies, Sofie, De Maeseneire, Coraline, Feng, JunLi, Frederix, Kim, Greasley, Samantha, Guo, Jie, Hardwick, James, Kaiser, Stephen, Jessen, Katti, Kindt, Erick, Letellier, Marie-Claire, Li, Wenlin, Maegley, Karen, Marillier, Reece, Miller, Nichol, Murray, Brion, Pirson, Romain, Preillon, Julie, Rabolli, Virginie, Ray, Chad, Ryan, Kevin, Scales, Stephanie, Srirangam, Jay, Solowiej, Jim, Stewart, Al, Streiner, Nicole, Torti, Vince, Tsaparikos, Konstantinos, Zheng, Xianxian, Driessens, Gregory, Gomes, Bruno, Kraus, Manfred, Xu, Chunxiao, Zhang, Yanping, Kradjian, Giorgio, Qin, Guozhong, Qi, Jin, Xu, Xiaomei, Marelli, Bo, Yu, Huakui, Guzman, Wilson, Tighe, Rober, Salazar, Rachel, Lo, Kin-Ming, English, Jessie, Radvanyi, Laszlo, Lan, Yan, Postow, Michael, Senbabaoglu, Yasin, Gasmi, Billel, Zhong, Hong, Liu, Cailian, Hirschhorhn-Cymerman, Daniel, Zha, Yuanyuan, Malnassy, Gregory, Fulton, Noreen, Park, Jae-Hyun, Stock, Wendy, Nakamura, Yusuke, Liu, Hongtao, Ju, Xiaoming, Kosoff, Rachelle, Ramos, Kimberly, Coder, Brandon, Petit, Robert, Princiotta, Michael, Perry, Kyle, Zou, Jun, Arina, Ainhoa, Fernandez, Christian, Zheng, Wenxin, Beckett, Michael A., Mauceri, Helena J., Fu, Yang-Xin, Weichselbaum, Ralph R., Lewis, Whitney, Han, Yanyan, Wu, Yeting, Yang, Chou, Huang, Jing, Wu, Dongyun, Li, Jin, Liang, Xiaoling, Zhou, Xiangjun, Hou, Jinlin, Hassan, Raffit, Jahan, Thierry, Antonia, Scott J., Kindler, Hedy L., Alley, Evan W., Honarmand, Somayeh, Liu, Weiqun, Leong, Meredith L., Whiting, Chan C., Nair, Nitya, Enstrom, Amanda, Lemmens, Edward E., Tsujikawa, Takahiro, Kumar, Sushil, Coussens, Lisa M., Murphy, Aimee L., Brockstedt, Dirk G., Koch, Sven D., Sebastian, Martin, Weiss, Christian, Früh, Martin, Pless, Miklos, Cathomas, Richard, Hilbe, Wolfgang, Pall, Georg, Wehler, Thomas, Alt, Jürgen, Bischoff, Helge, Geissler, Michael, Griesinger, Frank, Kollmeier, Jens, Papachristofilou, Alexandros, Doener, Fatma, Fotin-Mleczek, Mariola, Hipp, Madeleine, Hong, Henoch S., Kallen, Karl-Josef, Klinkhardt, Ute, Stosnach, Claudia, Scheel, Birgit, Schroeder, Andreas, Seibel, Tobias, Gnad-Vogt, Ulrike, Zippelius, Alfred, Park, Ha-Ram, Ahn, Yong-Oon, Kim, Tae Min, Kim, Soyeon, Kim, Seulki, Lee, Yu Soo, Keam, Bhumsuk, Kim, Dong-Wan, Heo, Dae Seog, Pilon-Thomas, Shari, Weber, Amy, Morse, Jennifer, Kodumudi, Krithika, Liu, Hao, Mullinax, John, Sarnaik, Amod A., Pike, Luke, Bang, Andrew, Balboni, Tracy, Taylor, Allison, Spektor, Alexander, Wilhite, Tyler, Krishnan, Monica, Cagney, Daniel, Alexander, Brian, Aizer, Ayal, Buchbinder, Elizabeth, Awad, Mark, Ghandi, Leena, Schoenfeld, Jonathan, Lessey-Morillon, Elizabeth, Ridnour, Lisa, Segal, Neil H., Sharma, Manish, Le, Dung T., Ferris, Robert L., Zelenetz, Andrew D., Levy, Ronald, Lossos, Izidore S., Jacobson, Caron, Ramchandren, Radhakrishnan, Godwin, John, Colevas, A. Dimitrios, Meier, Roland, Krishnan, Suba, Gu, Xuemin, Neely, Jaclyn, Timmerman, John, Vanpouille-Box, Claire I., Formenti, Silvia C., Demaria, Sandra, Wennerberg, Erik, Mediero, Aranzazu, Cronstein, Bruce N., Gustafson, Michael P., DiCostanzo, AriCeli, Wheatley, Courtney, Kim, Chul-Ho, Bornschlegl, Svetlana, Gastineau, Dennis A., Johnson, Bruce D., Dietz, Allan B., MacDonald, Cameron, Bucsek, Mark, Qiao, Guanxi, Hylander, Bonnie, Repasky, Elizabeth, Turbitt, William J., Xu, Yitong, Mastro, Andrea, Rogers, Connie J., Withers, Sita, Wang, Ziming, Khuat, Lam T., Dunai, Cordelia, Blazar, Bruce R., Longo, Dan, Rebhun, Robert, Grossenbacher, Steven K., Monjazeb, Arta, Murphy, William J., Rowlinson, Scott, Agnello, Giulia, Alters, Susan, Lowe, David, Scharping, Nicole, Menk, Ashley V., Whetstone, Ryan, Zeng, Xue, Delgoffe, Greg M., Santos, Patricia M., Shi, Jian, Delgoffe, Greg, Nagasaka, Misako, Sukari, Ammar, Byrne-Steele, Miranda, Pan, Wenjing, Hou, Xiaohong, Brown, Brittany, Eisenhower, Mary, Han, Jian, Collins, Natalie, Manguso, Robert, Pope, Hans, Shrestha, Yashaswi, Boehm, Jesse, Haining, W. Nicholas, Cron, Kyle R., Sivan, Ayelet, Aquino-Michaels, Keston, Orecchioni, Marco, Bedognetti, Davide, Hendrickx, Wouter, Fuoco, Claudia, Spada, Filomena, Sgarrella, Francesco, Cesareni, Gianni, Marincola, Francesco, Kostarelos, Kostas, Bianco, Alberto, Delogu, Lucia, Roelands, Jessica, Boughorbel, Sabri, Decock, Julie, Presnell, Scott, Wang, Ena, Marincola, Franco M., Kuppen, Peter, Ceccarelli, Michele, Rinchai, Darawan, Chaussabel, Damien, Miller, Lance, Nguyen, Andrew, Sanborn, J. Zachary, Vaske, Charles, Rabizadeh, Shahrooz, Niazi, Kayvan, Benz, Steven, Patel, Shashank, Restifo, Nicholas, White, James, Angiuoli, Sam, Sausen, Mark, Jones, Sian, Sevdali, Maria, Simmons, John, Velculescu, Victor, Diaz, Luis, Zhang, Theresa, Sims, Jennifer S., Barton, Sunjay M., Kadenhe-Chiweshe, Angela, Dela Cruz, Filemon, Turk, Andrew T., Mazzeo, Christopher F., Kung, Andrew L., Bruce, Jeffrey N., Yamashiro, Darrell J., Connolly, Eileen P., Baird, Jason, Crittenden, Marka, Friedman, David, Xiao, Hong, Leidner, Rom, Bell, Bryan, Young, Kristina, Gough, Michael, Bian, Zhen, Kidder, Koby, Liu, Yuan, Curran, Emily, Chen, Xiufen, Corrales, Leticia P., Kline, Justin, Aguilar, Ethan G., Guerriero, Jennifer, Sotayo, Alaba, Ponichtera, Holly, Pourzia, Alexandra, Schad, Sara, Carrasco, Ruben, Lazo, Suzan, Bronson, Roderick, Letai, Anthony, Kornbluth, Richard S., Gupta, Sachin, Termini, James, Guirado, Elizabeth, Stone, Geoffrey W., Meyer, Christina, Helming, Laura, Wilson, Nicholas, Hofmeister, Robert, Neubert, Natalie J., Tillé, Laure, Barras, David, Soneson, Charlotte, Baumgaertner, Petra, Rimoldi, Donata, Gfeller, David, Delorenzi, Mauro, Fuertes Marraco, Silvia A., Speiser, Daniel E., Abraham, Tara S., Xiang, Bo, Magee, Michael S., Waldman, Scott A., Snook, Adam E., Blogowski, Wojciech, Zuba-Surma, Ewa, Budkowska, Marta, Salata, Daria, Dolegowska, Barbara, Starzynska, Teresa, Chan, Leo, Somanchi, Srinivas, McCulley, Kelsey, Lee, Dean, Buettner, Nico, Shi, Feng, Myers, Paisley T., Curbishley, Stuart, Penny, Sarah A., Steadman, Lora, Millar, David, Speers, Ellen, Ruth, Nicola, Wong, Gabriel, Thimme, Robert, Adams, David, Cobbold, Mark, Thomas, Remy, Al-Muftah, Mariam, Wong, Michael KK, Morse, Michael, Clark, Joseph I., Kaufman, Howard L., Daniels, Gregory A., Hua, Hong, Rao, Tharak, Dutcher, Janice P., Kang, Kai, Saunthararajah, Yogen, Velcheti, Vamsidhar, Kumar, Vikas, Anwar, Firoz, Verma, Amita, Chheda, Zinal, Kohanbash, Gary, Sidney, John, Okada, Kaori, Shrivastav, Shruti, Carrera, Diego A., Liu, Shuming, Jahan, Naznin, Mueller, Sabine, Pollack, Ian F., Carcaboso, Angel M., Sette, Alessandro, Hou, Yafei, Okada, Hideho, Field, Jessica J., Zeng, Weiping, Shih, Vincent FS, Law, Che-Leung, Senter, Peter D., Gardai, Shyra J., Okeley, Nicole M., Abelin, Jennifer G., Saeed, Abu Z., Malaker, Stacy A., Shabanowitz, Jeffrey, Ward, Stephen T., Hunt, Donald F., Profusek, Pam, Wood, Laura, Shepard, Dale, Grivas, Petros, Kapp, Kerstin, Volz, Barbara, Oswald, Detlef, Wittig, Burghardt, Schmidt, Manuel, Sefrin, Julian P., Hillringhaus, Lars, Lifke, Valeria, Lifke, Alexander, Skaletskaya, Anna, Ponte, Jose, Chittenden, Thomas, Setiady, Yulius, Sivado, Eva, Thomas, Vincent, El Alaoui, Meddy, Papot, Sébastien, Dumontet, Charles, Dyson, Mike, McCafferty, John, El Alaoui, Said, Bommareddy, Praveen K., Zloza, Andrew, Kohlhapp, Frederick, Silk, Ann W., Jhawar, Sachin, Paneque, Tomas, Newman, Jenna, Beltran, Pedro, Cao, Felicia, Hong, Bang-Xing, Rodriguez-Cruz, Tania, Song, Xiao-Tong, Gottschalk, Stephen, Calderon, Hugo, Illingworth, Sam, Brown, Alice, Fisher, Kerry, Seymour, Len, Champion, Brian, Eriksson, Emma, Wenthe, Jessica, Hellström, Ann-Charlotte, Paul-Wetterberg, Gabriella, Loskog, Angelica, Milenova, Ioanna, Ståhle, Magnus, Jarblad-Leja, Justyna, Ullenhag, Gustav, Dimberg, Anna, Moreno, Rafael, Alemany, Ramon, Goyal, Sharad, Silk, Ann, Mehnert, Janice, Gabrail, Nashat, Bryan, Jennifer, Medina, Daniel, Mitchell, Leah, Yagiz, Kader, Lopez, Fernando, Mendoza, Daniel, Munday, Anthony, Gruber, Harry, Jolly, Douglas, Fuhrmann, Steven, Radoja, Sasa, Tan, Wei, Pourchet, Aldo, Frey, Alan, Mohr, Ian, Mulvey, Matthew, Andtbacka, Robert H. I., Ross, Merrick, Agarwala, Sanjiv, Grossmann, Kenneth, Taylor, Matthew, Vetto, John, Neves, Rogerio, Daud, Adil, Khong, Hung, Meek, Stephanie M., Ungerleider, Richard, Welden, Scott, Tanaka, Maki, Williams, Matthew, Hallmeyer, Sigrun, Fox, Bernard, Feng, Zipei, Paustian, Christopher, Bifulco, Carlo, Zafar, Sadia, Hemminki, Otto, Bramante, Simona, Vassilev, Lotta, Wang, Hongjie, Lieber, Andre, Hemmi, Silvio, de Gruijl, Tanja, Kanerva, Anna, Ansari, Tameem, Sundararaman, Srividya, Roen, Diana, Lehmann, Paul, Bloom, Anja C., Bender, Lewis H., Walters, Ian B., Berzofsky, Jay A., Chapelin, Fanny, Ahrens, Eric T., DeFalco, Jeff, Harbell, Michael, Manning-Bog, Amy, Scholz, Alexander, Zhang, Danhui, Baia, Gilson, Tan, Yann Chong, Sokolove, Jeremy, Kim, Dongkyoon, Williamson, Kevin, Chen, Xiaomu, Colrain, Jillian, Santo, Gregg Espiritu, Nguyen, Ngan, Volkmuth, Wayne, Greenberg, Norman, Robinson, William, Emerling, Daniel, Drake, Charles G., Petrylak, Daniel P., Antonarakis, Emmanuel S., Kibel, Adam S., Chang, Nancy N., Vu, Tuyen, Campogan, Dwayne, Haynes, Heather, Trager, James B., Sheikh, Nadeem A., Quinn, David I., Kirk, Peter, Addepalli, Murali, Chang, Thomas, Zhang, Ping, Konakova, Marina, Hagihara, Katsunobu, Pai, Steven, VanderVeen, Laurie, Obalapur, Palakshi, Kuo, Peiwen, Quach, Phi, Fong, Lawrence, Charych, Deborah H., Zalevsky, Jonathan, Langowski, John L., Kirksey, Yolanda, Nutakki, Ravi, Kolarkar, Shalini, Pena, Rhoneil, Hoch, Ute, Doberstein, Stephen K., Cha, John, Mallon, Zach, Perez, Myra, McDaniel, Amanda, Anand, Snjezana, Uecker, Darrin, Nuccitelli, Richard, Wieckowski, Eva, Muthuswamy, Ravikumar, Ravindranathan, Roshni, Renrick, Ariana N., Thounaojam, Menaka, Thomas, Portia, Pellom, Samuel, Shanker, Anil, Dudimah, Duafalia, Brooks, Alan, Su, Yu-Lin, Adamus, Tomasz, Zhang, Qifang, Nechaev, Sergey, Kortylewski, Marcin, Wei, Spencer, Anderson, Clark, Tang, Chad, Schoenhals, Jonathan, Tsouko, Efrosini, Heymach, John, de Groot, Patricia, Chang, Joe, Hess, Kenneth R., Diab, Adi, Sharma, Padmanee, Hong, David, Welsh, James, Parsons, Andrea J., Leleux, Jardin, Ascarateil, Stephane, Koziol, Marie Eve, Bai, Dina, Dai, Peihong, Wang, Weiyi, Yang, Ning, Shuman, Stewart, Deng, Liang, Dillon, Patrick, Petroni, Gina, Brenin, David, Bullock, Kim, Olson, Walter, Smolkin, Mark E., Smith, Kelly, Nail, Carmel, Slingluff, Craig L., Sharma, Meenu, Fa’ak, Faisal, Janssen, Louise, Khong, Hiep, Xiao, Zhilan, Hailemichael, Yared, Singh, Manisha, Vianden, Christina, Overwijk, Willem W., Facciabene, Andrea, Stefano, Pierini, Chongyung, Fang, Rafail, Stavros, Nielsen, Michael, Vanderslice, Peter, Woodside, Darren G., Market, Robert V., Biediger, Ronald J., Marathi, Upendra K., Hollevoet, Kevin, Geukens, Nick, Declerck, Paul, Joly, Nathalie, McIntosh, Laura, Paramithiotis, Eustache, Rizell, Magnus, Sternby, Malin, Andersson, Bengt, Karlsson-Parra, Alex, Kuai, Rui, Ochyl, Lukasz, Schwendeman, Anna, Moon, James, Deng, Weiwen, Hudson, Thomas E., Hanson, Bill, Rae, Chris S., Burrill, Joel, Skoble, Justin, Katibah, George, deVries, Michele, Lauer, Peter, Dubensky, Thomas W., Chen, Xin, Zhou, Li, Ren, Xiubao, Aggarwal, Charu, Mangrolia, Drishty, Cohen, Roger, Weinstein, Gregory, Morrow, Matthew, Bauml, Joshua, Kraynyak, Kim, Boyer, Jean, Yan, Jian, Lee, Jessica, Humeau, Laurent, Oyola, Sandra, Duff, Susan, Weiner, David, Yang, Zane, Bagarazzi, Mark, McNeel, Douglas G., Eickhoff, Jens, Jeraj, Robert, Staab, Mary Jane, Straus, Jane, Rekoske, Brian, Liu, Glenn, Melssen, Marit, Grosh, William, Varhegyi, Nikole, Galeassi, Nadejda, Deacon, Donna H., Gaughan, Elizabeth, Ghisoli, Maurizio, Barve, Minal, Mennel, Robert, Wallraven, Gladice, Manning, Luisa, Senzer, Neil, Nemunaitis, John, Ogasawara, Masahiro, Ota, Shuichi, Peace, Kaitlin M., Hale, Diane F., Vreeland, Timothy J., Jackson, Doreen O., Berry, John S., Trappey, Alfred F., Herbert, Garth S., Clifton, Guy T., Hardin, Mark O., Toms, Anne, Qiao, Na, Litton, Jennifer, Peoples, George E., Mittendorf, Elizabeth A., Ghamsari, Lila, Flano, Emilio, Jacques, Judy, Liu, Biao, Havel, Jonathan, Makarov, Vladimir, Chan, Timothy A., Flechtner, Jessica B., Facciponte, John, Ugel, Stefano, De Sanctis, Francesco, Coukos, George, Paris, Sébastien, Pottier, Agnes, Levy, Laurent, Lu, Bo, Cappuccini, Federica, Pollock, Emily, Bryant, Richard, Hamdy, Freddie, Hill, Adrian, Redchenko, Irina, Sultan, Hussein, Kumai, Takumi, Fesenkova, Valentyna, Celis, Esteban, Fernando, Ingrid, Palena, Claudia, David, Justin M., Gabitzsch, Elizabeth, Jones, Frank, Gulley, James L., Herranz, Mireia Uribe, Wada, Hiroshi, Shimizu, Atsushi, Osada, Toshihiro, Fukaya, Satoshi, Sasaki, Eiji, Abolhalaj, Milad, Askmyr, David, Lundberg, Kristina, Albrekt, Ann-Sofie, Greiff, Lennart, Lindstedt, Malin, Flies, Dallas B., Higuchi, Tomoe, Ornatowski, Wojciech, Harris, Jaryse, Adams, Sarah F., Aguilera, Todd, Rafat, Marjan, Castellini, Laura, Shehade, Hussein, Kariolis, Mihalis, Jang, Dadi, vonEbyen, Rie, Graves, Edward, Ellies, Lesley, Rankin, Erinn, Koong, Albert, Giaccia, Amato, Ajina, Reham, Wang, Shangzi, Smith, Jill, Pierobon, Mariaelena, Jablonski, Sandra, Petricoin, Emanuel, Weiner, Louis M., Sherry, Lorcan, Waller, John, Anderson, Mark, Bigley, Alison, Bernatchez, Chantale, Haymaker, Cara, Kluger, Harriet, Tetzlaff, Michael, Jackson, Natalie, Gergel, Ivan, Tagliaferri, Mary, Hwu, Patrick, Snzol, Mario, Hurwitz, Michael, Barberi, Theresa, Martin, Allison, Suresh, Rahul, Barakat, David, Harris-Bookman, Sarah, Drake, Charles, Friedman, Alan, Berkey, Sara, Downs-Canner, Stephanie, Edwards, Robert P., Curiel, Tyler, Odunsi, Kunle, Bruno, Tullia C., Moore, Brandon, Squalls, Olivia, Ebner, Peggy, Waugh, Katherine, Mitchell, John, Franklin, Wilbur, Merrick, Daniel, McCarter, Martin, Palmer, Brent, Kern, Jeffrey, Vignali, Dario, Slansky, Jill, Chan, Anissa S. H., Qiu, Xiaohong, Fraser, Kathryn, Jonas, Adria, Ottoson, Nadine, Gordon, Keith, Kangas, Takashi O., Leonardo, Steven, Ertelt, Kathleen, Walsh, Richard, Uhlik, Mark, Graff, Jeremy, Bose, Nandita, Gupta, Ravi, Mandloi, Nitin, Paul, Kiran, Patil, Ashwini, Sathian, Rekha, Mohan, Aparna, Manoharan, Malini, Chaudhuri, Amitabha, Chen, Yu, Lin, Jing, Ye, Yun-bin, Xu, Chun-wei, Chen, Gang, Guo, Zeng-qing, Komarov, Andrey, Chenchik, Alex, Makhanov, Michael, Frangou, Costa, Zheng, Yi, Coltharp, Carla, Unfricht, Darryn, Dilworth, Ryan, Fridman, Leticia, Liu, Linying, Rajopadhye, Milind, Miller, Peter, Concha-Benavente, Fernando, Bauman, Julie, Trivedi, Sumita, Srivastava, Raghvendra, Ohr, James, Heron, Dwight, Duvvuri, Uma, Kim, Seungwon, Torrey, Heather, Mera, Toshi, Okubo, Yoshiaki, Vanamee, Eva, Foster, Rosemary, Faustman, Denise, Stack, Edward, Izaki, Daisuke, Beck, Kristen, Jia, Dan Tong, Armenta, Paul, White-Stern, Ashley, Marks, Douglas, Taback, Bret, Horst, Basil, Glickman, Laura Hix, Kanne, David B., Gauthier, Kelsey S., Desbien, Anthony L., Francica, Brian, Leong, Justin L., Sung, Leonard, Metchette, Ken, Kasibhatla, Shailaja, Pferdekamper, Anne Marie, Zheng, Lianxing, Cho, Charles, Feng, Yan, McKenna, Jeffery M., Tallarico, John, Bender, Steven, Ndubaku, Chudi, McWhirter, Sarah M., Gugel, Elena Gonzalez, Bell, Charles J. M., Munk, Adiel, Muniz, Luciana, Bhardwaj, Nina, Zhao, Fei, Evans, Kathy, Xiao, Christine, Holtzhausen, Alisha, Hanks, Brent A., Scholler, Nathalie, Yin, Catherine, Van der Meijs, Pien, Prantner, Andrew M., Krejsa, Cecile M., Smith, Leia, Johnson, Brian, Branstetter, Daniel, Stein, Paul L., Jaen, Juan C., Tan, Joanne BL, Chen, Ada, Park, Timothy, Powers, Jay P., Sexton, Holly, Xu, Guifen, Young, Steve W., Schindler, Ulrike, Deng, Wentao, Klinke, David John, Komar, Hannah M., Serpa, Gregory, Elnaggar, Omar, Hart, Philip, Schmidt, Carl, Dillhoff, Mary, Jin, Ming, Ostrowski, Michael C., Koti, Madhuri, Au, Katrina, Peterson, Nichole, Truesdell, Peter, Reid-Schachter, Gillian, Graham, Charles, Craig, Andrew, Francis, Julie-Ann, Kotlan, Beatrix, Balatoni, Timea, Farkas, Emil, Toth, Laszlo, Ujhelyi, Mihaly, Savolt, Akos, Doleschall, Zoltan, Horvath, Szabolcs, Eles, Klara, Olasz, Judit, Csuka, Orsolya, Kasler, Miklos, Liszkay, Gabriella, Barnea, Eytan, Blakely, Collin, Flynn, Patrick, Goodman, Reid, Bueno, Raphael, Sugarbaker, David, Jablons, David, Broaddus, V. Courtney, West, Brian, Kunk, Paul R., Obeid, Joseph M., Winters, Kevin, Pramoonjago, Patcharin, Stelow, Edward B., Bauer, Todd W., Rahma, Osama E., Lamble, Adam, Kosaka, Yoko, Huang, Fei, Saser, Kate A., Adams, Homer, Tognon, Christina E., Laderas, Ted, McWeeney, Shannon, Loriaux, Marc, Tyner, Jeffery W., Druker, Brian J., Lind, Evan F., Liu, Zhuqing, Lu, Shanhong, Kane, Lawrence P., Shayan, Gulidanna, Femel, Julia, Lane, Ryan, Booth, Jamie, Lund, Amanda W., Rodriguez, Anthony, Engelhard, Victor H., Metelli, Alessandra, Wu, Bill X., Fugle, Caroline W., Saleh, Rachidi, Sun, Shaoli, Wu, Jennifer, Liu, Bei, Li, Zihai, Morris, Zachary S., Guy, Emily I., Heinze, Clinton, Kler, Jasdeep, Gressett, Monica M., Werner, Lauryn R., Gillies, Stephen D., Korman, Alan J., Loibner, Hans, Hank, Jacquelyn A., Rakhmilevich, Alexander L., Harari, Paul M., Sondel, Paul M., Huelsmann, Erica, Broucek, Joseph, Brech, Dorothee, Straub, Tobias, Irmler, Martin, Beckers, Johannes, Buettner, Florian, Schaeffeler, Elke, Schwab, Matthias, Noessner, Elfriede, Wolfreys, Alison, Da Costa, Andre, Silva, John, Crosby, Andrea, Staelens, Ludovicus, Craggs, Graham, Cauvin, Annick, Mason, Sean, Paterson, Alison M., Lake, Andrew C., Armet, Caroline M., O’Connor, Rachel W., Hill, Jonathan A., Normant, Emmanuel, Adam, Ammar, Biniszkiewicz, Detlev M., Chappel, Scott C., Palombella, Vito J., Holland, Pamela M., Becker, Annette, Leleti, Manmohan R., Newcomb, Eric, Tan, Joanne B. L., Rapisuwon, Suthee, Radfar, Arash, Gardner, Kellie, Gibney, Geoffrey, Atkins, Michael, Rennier, Keith R., Crowder, Robert, Wang, Ping, Pachynski, Russell K., Carrero, Rosa M. Santana, Rivas, Sarai, Beceren-Braun, Figen, Anthony, Scott, Schluns, Kimberly S., Sawant, Deepali, Chikina, Maria, Yano, Hiroshi, Workman, Creg, Salerno, Elise, Mauldin, Ileana, Deacon, Donna, Shea, Sofia, Pinczewski, Joel, Gajewski, Thomas, Spranger, Stefani, Horton, Brendan, Suzuki, Akiko, Leland, Pamela, Joshi, Bharat H., Puri, Raj K., Sweis, Randy F., Bao, Riyue, Luke, Jason, Theodoraki, Marie-Nicole, Mogundo, Frances-Mary, Won, Haejung, Moreira, Dayson, Gao, Chan, Zhao, Xingli, Duttagupta, Priyanka, Jones, Jeremy, D’Apuzzo, Massimo, and Pal, Sumanta

Subjects
Meeting Abstracts
Published
2016

35. Reducing Heat-Load in Buildings through the Use of Solar Screens: Case Study of Bookshop House, Lagos

Author

Godwin John, Oginni Adeyemi, and Adebamowo Michael

Subjects
Integrated business planning, Engineering, Architectural engineering, Harshness, Chart, business.industry, Power consumption, Global warming, Heat load, business, Livelihood, Civil engineering, Shadow (psychology)
Abstract

Technology advancement has ensured a better means of livelihood essentially in certain parts of West Africa, specifically Nigeria, where the climate is predominantly hot in most parts throughout the year. Air-conditioning has reduced the harshness of indoor discomforts to the barest minimum. It is no more uncommon to find it regularly in use in most homes and offices. Currently, the economy has the centrality of its power supply hinged on generator plants. The enigma of the current situation is how this alternative problem has catastrophic after effects on the environment. This and many more add up to the greatest of all the threats now evading our environment and the world — G lobal warming. The threat of Global warming is real and the need to find less environmentally destructive sources of energy cannot be overemphasized. This paper is a contribution towards energy saving in buildings through the reduction of solar radiation incident on buildings. Sustainable Building calls for an integrated planning approach for operating buildings economically, substantially reducing their impact on the environment by reducing energy/power consumption, amongst others, and enhancing the well-being of their inhabitants. Only buildings that reconcile all of the above factors are fit for the future. A case study of the CMS (Catholic Mission School) Book Shop house in Lagos was carried out. The methodology involved the use of a solar chart and shadow angle protractor to determine the overheated periods represented by the shading masks and data collected. From this analysis, it was decided to accept the use of external sun shading and preliminary designs and specifications were prepared by the architects. The use of external solar screens made a saving of up to 75% of the energy input which would otherwise have been required by air-conditioning.

Published
2012

36. Effects of Azadirachta indica extract on gastric ulceration and acid secretion in rats

Author

Caleb Amaechi Osadebe, Isiaka A. Ogunwande, Yinusa Raji, and Godwin John

Subjects
Male, Indomethacin, Pharmacognosy, Gastric Acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, parasitic diseases, Drug Discovery, medicine, Toxicity Tests, Acute, Animals, Stomach Ulcer, Cimetidine, Rats, Wistar, Pharmacology, Meliaceae, Azadirachta, biology, Traditional medicine, Plant Extracts, Stomach, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Ulcer Agents, Cytoprotection, digestive system diseases, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Plant Bark, Gastric acid, Drug Therapy, Combination, Histamine, medicine.drug, Phytotherapy
Abstract

The effect of Azadirachta indica extract on gastric ulceration was studied in albino rats. Azadirachta indica extract (100–800 mg/kg p.o., 100–250 mg/kg i.p.) significantly inhibited gastric ulceration induced by indomethacin (40 mg/kg). Administration of 800 mg/kg p.o. and 250 mg/kg i.p. caused 100% cytoprotection against indomethacin (40 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced gastric ulceration. This action was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in total gastric acidity. In order to investigate the probable mechanism of Azadirachta indica antiulcer activity, the effect of the extract alone and in combination with histamine (1 mg/kg) and cimetidine (0.12 mg/kg) on gastric acid secretion in situ was studied. Azadirachta indica (250 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the basal and histamine-induced gastric acid secretion. Cimetidine seemed to augment Azadirachta indica inhibition of gastric acid secretion. The results suggest that the stem bark extract of Azadirachta indica possesses antiulcer agents, which probably act via histamine H 2 receptor.

Published
2003

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