244 results on '"Frank M. Biro"'
Search Results
2. The Impact of Macronutrient Intake on Sex Steroids During Onset of Puberty
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Janie Benoit, Bin Huang, Chen Chen, Susan M. Pinney, Frank M. Biro, and Suzanne S. Summer
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Globulin ,medicine.drug_class ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Physiology ,Fertility ,Estrone ,Article ,Eating ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sex hormone-binding globulin ,Breast cancer ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,media_common ,Estradiol ,biology ,business.industry ,Puberty ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Estrogens ,medicine.disease ,Bioavailability ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,chemistry ,Estrogen ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Cohort ,biology.protein ,Female ,business - Abstract
Introduction Increased fiber intake has been associated with decreased breast cancer risk, while increased animal protein intake with increased risk. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship of dietary fiber and protein intake to estrogen and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations at puberty onset. Methods These analyses were conducted using the Cincinnati puberty cohort of the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, with girls followed every 6 months from ages 6 and 7. The analyses included serum measurements at 6-month intervals for estrogen and SHBG concentrations, from 18 months prior to breast stage 2 (onset of puberty). Dietary intake was documented via 24-hour dietary recalls every 3 months. Dietary factors of interest included total energy intake; total and animal protein; total, soluble, and insoluble fiber; and lignan and flavanol intake. Results This study included 260 participants who generated 871 serum specimens and 3,000 days of diet intake. In longitudinal models, estradiol was associated inversely with insoluble fiber intake; estrone positively with animal protein intake; SHBG with greater insoluble fiber and lower total protein intake; and ratio of estrone to SHBG, a measure of bioavailable estrogen, positively with animal protein. Conclusions Greater protein intake, especially animal protein, led to greater estrogen concentrations and lower SHBG; greater animal protein and greater caloric intake led to increased bioavailable estrogen. This relationship may have served an evolutionary advantage in the past for greater fertility with adequate high-quality protein; in contemporary women, a modest decrease in animal protein may be beneficial in reducing breast cancer risk.
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- 2022
3. Adverse Effects of Early Puberty Timing in Girls and Potential Solutions
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Tuck Seng Cheng, Ken K. Ong, Frank M. Biro, Ong, Kenneth [0000-0003-4689-7530], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Adult ,Adolescent ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Puberty ,Iatrogenic Disease ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Humans ,Puberty, Precocious ,Female ,General Medicine ,Hormones - Abstract
Given the global secular declining trends of the age at puberty and its relevant mechanisms, as illustrated in the first part of this series, the present part will discuss the public health implications of early puberty and potential clinical and public health measures. Although the major effect of earlier maturation impacts adolescents' mental health and likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors, there are also effects in adulthood on cardiometabolic health, especially type 2 diabetes, and an increased risk of certain cancers, especially hormone-related cancers such as breast cancer. The paper ends with recommendations for clinical management, especially for girls who should receive further evaluation, as well as recommendations for the patient and her family and public health considerations.
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- 2022
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4. Pubertal Growth, IGF-1, and Windows of Susceptibility: Puberty and Future Breast Cancer Risk
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Bin Huang, Halley Wasserman, Catherine M. Gordon, Frank M. Biro, and Susan M. Pinney
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Adult ,Longitudinal study ,medicine.drug_class ,Physiology ,Breast Neoplasms ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ,Child ,Menarche ,business.industry ,Puberty ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Growth spurt ,medicine.disease ,Body Height ,Adult height ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Estrogen ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Cancer risk ,business ,Hormone - Abstract
Purpose Risk markers for breast cancer include earlier onset of menarche (age at menarche [AAM]) and peak height velocity (PHV). Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is associated with pubertal milestones, as well as cancer risk. This study examined the relationships between pubertal milestones associated with breast cancer risk and hormone changes in puberty. Methods This is a longitudinal study of pubertal maturation in 183 girls, recruited at ages 6–7, followed up between 2004 and 2018. Measures included age at onset of puberty, and adult height attained; PHV; AAM; adult height, and serum IGF-1, and estrone-to-androstenedione (E:A) ratio. Results PHV was greatest in early, and least in late maturing girls; length of the pubertal growth spurt was longest in early, and shortest in late maturing girls. Earlier AAM was related to greater PHV. IGF-1 concentrations tracked significantly during puberty; higher IGF-1 was related to earlier age of PHV, earlier AAM, greater PHV, and taller adult height. Greater E:A ratio was associated with earlier AAM. Conclusions Factors driving the association of earlier menarche and pubertal growth with breast cancer risk may be explained through a unifying concept relating higher IGF-1 concentrations, greater lifelong estrogen exposure, and longer pubertal growth period, with an expanded pubertal window of susceptibility.
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- 2021
5. Trends Toward Earlier Puberty Timing in Girls and Its Likely Mechanisms
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Tuck Seng Cheng, Ken K. Ong, Frank M. Biro, Ong, Kenneth [0000-0003-4689-7530], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Adult ,Biological Products ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Puberty ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Humans ,Puberty, Precocious ,Female ,General Medicine ,Obesity ,Body Mass Index - Abstract
This is the first of two installments examining early puberty in girls. The first paper will discuss secular trends in onset of puberty and the possible mechanisms to explain these developments. The potential etiologies examined will include the role of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and obesogens, the impact of body mass index and obesity, genetic and biologic pathways, and the influence of lifestyle behaviors. The second paper of the two-part series will examine the potential health impacts of early puberty on young and adult women and offer suggestions for clinical management and public health prevention.
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- 2022
6. The Association between Sex Hormones, Pubertal Milestones and Benzophenone-3 Exposure, Measured by Urinary Biomarker or Questionnaire
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Courtney M. Giannini, Richard C. Schwartz, Frank M. Biro, Cecily S. Fassler, Bin Huang, Susan M. Pinney, and Donald Walt Chandler
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Estrone ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Urinary system ,Physiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Benzophenones ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Benzophenone ,Medicine ,Humans ,Testosterone ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,Estradiol ,business.industry ,Sulfates ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,Dehydroepiandrosterone ,Pollution ,chemistry ,Cohort ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Female ,Oxybenzone ,business ,Sunscreening Agents ,Biomarkers ,Hormone - Abstract
Experimental studies have suggested benzophenone-3 (BP-3), a sunscreen ingredient, may have endocrine-disrupting properties. A cohort of girls were recruited at ages 6–7 years and returned semi-annually for pubertal maturation staging, provided blood for serum hormone analyses [estradiol, estrone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S)], and urine to measure BP-3 concentrations. We found a significant negative linear association between amount of reported sunscreen use and testosterone levels at the onset of puberty (N = 157, adjusted β = −0.0163, 97.5% CI:-0.0300,-0.0026). The 2nd quartile of the BP-3 biomarker had earlier thelarche compared to the 1st quartile (N = 282, adjusted HR = 1.584, 97.5% CI:1.038,2.415). Results suggest that higher report of sunscreen use may be associated with lower testosterone levels at thelarche and a non-linear relationship between the BP-3 urinary biomarker and onset of puberty, although the clinical significance of the finding is limited and may be a random effect. Improved methods of BP-3 exposure characterization are needed.
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- 2022
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7. Sex Hormone Phenotypes in Young Girls and the Age at Pubertal Milestones
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Cecily S. Fassler, Iris Gutmark-Little, Frank M. Biro, Susan M. Pinney, Changchun Xie, Courtney M. Giannini, and Donald Walt Chandler
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Estrone ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Physiology ,Context (language use) ,Biochemistry ,Pubarche ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ,Sex hormone-binding globulin ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Testosterone ,Longitudinal Studies ,Thelarche ,Child ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,Clinical Research Articles ,Menarche ,Breast development ,Estradiol ,biology ,Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ,business.industry ,Puberty ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Phenotype ,030228 respiratory system ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Female ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Context The age of pubertal onset is influenced by many variables in young girls. Previous studies have not examined sex hormones longitudinally around the time of breast development and their relationship to pubertal onset. Objective We sought to use an unbiased statistical approach to identify phenotypes of sex hormones in young girls and examine their relationship with pubertal milestones. Design and Setting Longitudinal observational study. Participants and Main Outcome Measures In 269 girls, serum concentrations of steroid sex hormones [estradiol (E2), estrone, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate] were measured by HPLC-mass spectrometry at time points before, at, and after thelarche. Girls were classified into four hormone phenotypes using objective principal components and cluster analyses of longitudinal hormone data. The association between the identified phenotypes and age of pubertal milestones was estimated using Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results Mean ages at thelarche, pubarche, and menarche were 9.02, 9.85, and 12.30 years, respectively. Girls with low levels of all four hormones, phenotype 3b, were youngest at thelarche (8.67 years); those in phenotype 2, with the highest E2 levels and E2 surge 6 months after thelarche, were youngest at menarche (11.87 years) with shortest pubertal tempo. When controlling for race, maternal age of menarche, caregiver education, and body mass, different phenotypes were associated with the age of pubertal events. Conclusions Hormone phenotypic clustering can identify clinically relevant subgroups with differing ages of thelarche, pubarche, and menarche. These findings may enhance the understanding of timing of pubertal milestones and risk of adult disease.
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- 2019
8. Impact of Pubertal Maturation and Chronologic Age on Sex Steroids in Peripubertal Girls
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Frank M. Biro, Donald Walt Chandler, Susan M. Pinney, Cecily L Fassler, and Bin Huang
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Estrone ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Context (language use) ,Biochemistry ,White People ,Gee ,Serum estrogen ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Sex hormone-binding globulin ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Testosterone ,Breast ,Longitudinal Studies ,Sexual Maturation ,Child ,Generalized estimating equation ,Clinical Research Articles ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Estradiol ,biology ,Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ,business.industry ,Puberty ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Age Factors ,Hispanic or Latino ,Black or African American ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Female ,business ,Hormone ,Puberty onset - Abstract
CONTEXT: There is a 4- to 5-year variation in age of breast maturation in girls. OBJECTIVE: To examine longitudinal changes in sex hormone values relative to chronologic age and time relative to breast maturation. SETTING AND DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study into which girls were recruited at 6 to 7 years of age and followed up every 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maturation status, chronologic age, race, and fasting blood specimen data were obtained. Hormones were analyzed at 6-month intervals between 2 years before and 1 year after breast maturation, using HPLC tandem mass spectroscopy. RESULTS: Estradiol and estrone levels correlated with chronologic age (R = 0.350 and 0.444, respectively); time was correlated relative to breast maturation (R = 0.222 and 0.323, respectively; all correlations, P < 0.0001). In generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, chronologic age and time relative to pubertal onset were significantly associated with serum estradiol, with similar results for estrone. Local estimated scatterplot smoothing for estradiol and estrone, by chronologic age, demonstrated differences between black and white girls, especially between 8.5 and 11 years of age, but not by race in time relative to breast maturation. Testosterone level was correlated to chronologic age (R = 0.362) and time relative to breast maturation (R = 0.259); in the GEE model, only chronologic age was significant. CONCLUSION: Chronologic age as well as time relative to onset of puberty provided unique information regarding estradiol and estrone concentrations in peripubertal girls. Serum estrogen concentrations should be evaluated with reference to chronologic age and race.
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- 2019
9. Exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid and effects on reproductive hormones and pubertal onset in a longitudinal study of young girls
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Cecily S. Fassler, Robert L. Herrick, Gayle C. Windham, Susan M. Pinney, Lawrence H. Kushi, Frank M. Biro, and Changchun Xie
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Longitudinal study ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Reproductive hormones ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medicine ,Perfluorooctanoic acid ,Physiology ,business ,General Environmental Science ,Puberty onset - Published
- 2020
10. PBDE exposure and the association with testosterone, estrone and estradiol around the time of thelarche
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Susan M. Pinney, Frank M. Biro, Changchun Xie, A. Chen, and Cecily S. Fassler
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endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Inhalation ,business.industry ,Estrone ,Testosterone (patch) ,humanities ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Thelarche ,business ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Background: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants, exposing humans primarily though diet, dust and inhalation. Higher levels of PBDEs have been associated with adverse health ...
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- 2020
11. The Association between Sex Hormones, Pubertal Milestones and Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) Exposure Assessed by Urinary Biomarker or Questionnaire
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Frank M. Biro, Richard C. Schwartz, Susan M. Pinney, Bin Huang, C.S. Fassler, and Courtney M. Giannini
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business.industry ,Urinary system ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Medicine ,Physiology ,business ,General Environmental Science ,Hormone - Published
- 2020
12. Girls' Pubertal Timing and Tempo and Mental Health: A Longitudinal Examination in an Ethnically Diverse Sample
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Gayle C. Windham, Lawrence H. Kushi, Kristine Marceau, Susan M. Pinney, Cecile A. Laurent, Robert A. Hiatt, Louise C. Greenspan, Julianna Deardorff, Frank M. Biro, Jonathan W. Reeves, Ai Kubo, and Megan Johnson
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Girls ,Ethnic group ,Anxiety ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Body Mass Index ,0302 clinical medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Aetiology ,Child ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Cancer ,Pediatric ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Depression ,Hispanic or Latino ,Pubic hair ,Adolescence ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Mental Health ,Female ,Public Health ,medicine.symptom ,social and economic factors ,Clinical psychology ,Adolescent ,Physical examination ,Family income ,White People ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,Clinical Research ,2.3 Psychological ,030225 pediatrics ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Breast Cancer ,medicine ,Humans ,business.industry ,Whites ,Contraception/Reproduction ,Prevention ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Puberty ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Mental health ,Good Health and Well Being ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
PurposeEarlier timing and faster tempo of puberty have been linked to adolescents' poor mental health. Previous research rarely adjusted for childhood mental health, did not use physical examination to assess puberty, and excluded Latinas and Asian Americans. This study addressed these limitations.MethodsWe followed 822 girls, recruited at ages 6-8, for 8years. Breast and pubic hair development and anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed prospectively and repeatedly. Structural equation models tested whether pubertal timing and tempo were associated with adolescent mental health symptoms and whether associations varied by ethnicity. Models were adjusted for childhood mental health symptoms, body mass index, and family income.ResultsEarlier breast development was associated with higher depressive symptoms among whites (β=-.19; p < .01) and higher anxiety symptoms among Latinas (β=-.26; p < .05), but lower depressive symptoms among Asians (β= .24, p < .05). Later pubic hair development (b= .24; p < .05) and faster pubic hair tempo (β= .26; p < .01) were associated with higher anxiety symptoms among Latinas. Faster pubic hair tempo was associated with lower depressive symptoms among Asians (β=-.34; p < .05). Tempo of breast development showed no associations.ConclusionsFindings confirmed that earlier breast development was associated with higher mental health symptoms for Latina and white girls but was protective among Asians. Results for pubic hair and pubertal tempo were inconsistent, requiring future examination. While targeted interventions to prevent mental health problems among early-maturing girls are critical, there is variability among who might benefit most.
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- 2020
13. Pubertal Development: What's Normal/What's Not
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Frank M. Biro and Colby E Smith
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Adolescent ,Puberty, Precocious ,Breast Neoplasms ,Body Mass Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychology ,Breast ,Sexual Maturation ,Child ,Menarche ,Breast development ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,Puberty ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ,Adolescent Development ,medicine.disease ,Sexual initiation ,Normative ,Female ,business ,Psychosocial ,Demography - Abstract
Onset of puberty, as defined by breast stage 2, appears to be starting at younger ages since the 1940s. There is an ongoing controversy regarding what is normative, as well as what is normal, and the evaluation that is deemed necessary for girls maturing before 8 years of age. There are potential implications of earlier pubertal timing, including psychosocial consequences during adolescence, as well as longer term risks, such as breast cancer and cardiometabolic risks. There are additional consequences derived from slower pubertal tempo, for age of menarche has not decreased as much as age of breast development; these include longer interval between sexual initiation and intentional childbearing, as well as a broadened window of susceptibility to endocrine-related cancers.
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- 2020
14. Onset of Puberty: Mother Knows Best
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Susan M. Pinney, Bin Huang, and Frank M. Biro
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Mothers ,Shoe size ,Article ,Breast cancer ,medicine ,Humans ,Breast ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,media_common ,Daughter ,Breast development ,Health professionals ,business.industry ,Foot ,Puberty ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Shoes ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Cohort ,Female ,business ,Puberty onset - Abstract
Study Objective Several strategies have been proposed to determine onset of puberty without examination by a trained professional. This study sought to evaluate a novel approach to determine onset of puberty in girls. Design, Setting, and Participants This study used the Cincinnati cohort of the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program. Girls were recruited at 6-7 years of age and followed every 6 months in the initial 6 years, and annually thereafter. Breast maturation and foot length were performed at each visit by health professionals certified in those methods. Mothers were asked to provide the age at which they believed that their daughter's shoe size had increased more rapidly. Results These analyses include 252 participants. Age at increase in shoe size was correlated to age at onset of puberty (r = 0.21) and increase in foot length (r = 0.24). The difference of reported age of increased shoe size was 0.46 years before breast development. Conclusion Reported increase in shoe size occurred somewhat earlier and was significantly correlated to age of breast development. These preliminary results suggest that mother's report of increase in shoe size appear to be as accurate as reports of other indirect methods of determining onset of puberty, such as self- or maternal estimates of breast development.
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- 2020
15. Acceptability and feasibility of self-sampling for the screening of sexually transmitted infections in cabana privacy shelters
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Ellen Pittman, Laura Dize, Lea E. Widdice, Frank M. Biro, De Anna Owens, Sherine A. Patterson-Rose, Charlotte A. Gaydos, and Hillary N. Purcell
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030505 public health ,Chlamydia ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Sti screening ,Dermatology ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Family medicine ,Vaginal swabs ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sample collection ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Self sampling - Abstract
Screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) outside of traditional health-care facilities is limited by the privacy needed for sample collection. We explored the acceptability of privacy shelters for the self-collection of genital swabs and tested the use of privacy shelters during mobile STI screening. Attendees ≥14 years old at two outdoor community events completed a questionnaire that assessed participant characteristics, health-care access, and rating of acceptability of self-collecting penile or vaginal swabs in a privacy shelter and four other private spaces: portable restroom, health van, home, and doctor’s office. A privacy shelter was used during mobile STI screening. The majority (65%) of the 95 participants reported that using a privacy shelter was somewhat or very acceptable. No participant characteristics or health-care access factors were associated with the acceptability of privacy shelters. Women rated a privacy shelter more acceptable than a portable restroom or health van. Men rated a privacy shelter more acceptable than a portable restroom. During mobile STI screening, all 13 men and women who requested STI testing used the privacy shelter for self-sampling. Rating of acceptability before and after privacy shelter use was the same. Privacy shelters may enable STI screening without using a building or vehicle for sample collection.
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- 2017
16. Phenol Concentrations During Childhood and Subsequent Measures of Adiposity Among Young Girls
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Mary S. Wolff, Lawrence H. Kushi, Gayle C. Windham, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Ashley Pajak, Maida P. Galvez, Frank M. Biro, Andrea Deierlein, Susan M. Pinney, Michael E. Rybak, and Antonia M. Calafat
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Waist ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Original Contributions ,New York ,010501 environmental sciences ,Overweight ,01 natural sciences ,Body Mass Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Phenols ,Enterolactone ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Obesity ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Adiposity ,Ohio ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Creatinine ,business.industry ,Daidzein ,Environmental Exposure ,Environmental exposure ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Social Class ,chemistry ,Linear Models ,Female ,San Francisco ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Phenolic compounds represent a class of environmental chemicals with potentially endocrine-disrupting capabilities. We investigated longitudinal associations between childhood exposure to phenols, from both manmade and natural sources, and subsequent measures of adiposity among girls enrolled in the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program between 2004 and 2007. Baseline (ages 6-8 years) urinary concentrations were obtained for creatinine and phenol metabolites: enterolactone, genistein, daidzein, benzophenone-3, bisphenol A, the sum of parabens (methyl, ethyl, and propyl parabens), 2,5-dichlorophenol, and triclosan. Body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2), waist circumference, and percent body fat were measured at annual or semiannual examinations through 2015 (n = 1,017). Linear mixed-effects regression was used to estimate how baseline concentrations of phenols (tertile groups) were related to changes in girls' adiposity measurements from ages 7 through 15 years. Enterolactone was inversely associated with body mass index, waist circumference, and percent body fat, while 2,5-dichlorophenol was positively associated with these measurements. A nonmonotonic association was observed for triclosan and girls' adiposity; however, it was due to effect modification by baseline overweight status. Triclosan was positively associated with adiposity only among overweight girls. These results suggest that exposure to specific phenols during childhood may influence adiposity through adolescence.
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- 2017
17. Peripubertal dietary flavonol and lignan intake and age at menarche in a longitudinal cohort of girls
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Lawrence H. Kushi, Mary S. Wolff, Susan M. Pinney, Ashley Pajak, Gayle C. Windham, Nancy Mervish, Frank M. Biro, and Susan L. Teitelbaum
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Flavonols ,Physiology ,Overweight ,Lignans ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Prospective cohort study ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Menarche ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Confidence interval ,Diet ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Phytoestrogens ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
BackgroundDietary phytoestrogens may alter hormonal activity in childhood. Flavonols and lignans are the most prevalent phytoestrogens in the Western diet. We examined whether higher intake of flavonols and lignans was associated with later age at menarche in a prospective study of young girls.MethodsIn all, 1,044 girls aged 6-8 years (mean 7.3 years) with two to four 24-h dietary recalls during their baseline year were followed up for 11 years until the attainment of menarche in the Breast Cancer and Environment Research Project (BCERP). Associations of age at menarche with quintiles of phytoestrogens were assessed using hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from Cox proportional hazards models, controlling for body mass index and other covariates.ResultsThe highest quintile of flavonol intake was associated with a later age at menarche, compared with the lowest quintile (adjusted HR: 0.80, 95% CI: (0.66-1.00). For lignans, there was a later age in overweight girls (HR: 0.56, 95% CI=0.40-0.80).ConclusionThese dietary bioactives may reflect a healthy diet, and foods high in phytoestrogens may influence the timing of menarche.
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- 2017
18. Associations of urinary phthalate and phenol biomarkers with menarche in a multiethnic cohort of young girls
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Frank M. Biro, Mary S. Wolff, Susan M. Pinney, Maida P. Galvez, Michael E. Rybak, Manori J. Silva, Ashley Pajak, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Gayle C. Windham, Lawrence H. Kushi, Antonia M. Calafat, and Xiaoyun Ye
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Phthalic Acids ,Physiology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,California ,White People ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Phenols ,Enterolactone ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Prospective cohort study ,Ohio ,Proportional Hazards Models ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Menarche ,Gynecology ,Asian ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Environmental Exposure ,Hispanic or Latino ,Environmental exposure ,Black or African American ,chemistry ,Cohort ,Female ,New York City ,business ,Body mass index ,Biomarkers ,Cohort study - Abstract
To study potential environmental influences on puberty in girls, we investigated urinary biomarkers in relation to age at menarche. Phenols and phthalates were measured at baseline (6–8 years of age). Menarche was ascertained over 11 years for 1051 girls with menarche and biomarkers. Hazards ratios were estimated from Cox models adjusted for race/ethnicity and caregiver education (aHR, 95% confidence intervals [CI] for 5th vs 1st quintile urinary biomarker concentrations). 2,5-Dichlorophenol was associated with earlier menarche (aHR 1.34 [1.06–1.71]); enterolactone was associated with later menarche (aHR 0.82 [0.66–1.03]), as was mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP) (aHR 0.73 [0.59–0.91]); the three p-trends were
- Published
- 2017
19. Complex relationships between perfluorooctanoate, body mass index, insulin resistance and serum lipids in young girls
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Susan M. Pinney, Cecily S. Fassler, Frank M. Biro, Changchun Xie, and Sara E. Pinney
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medicine.medical_specialty ,National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ,Blood lipids ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Fasting insulin ,Article ,Body Mass Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sexual Maturation ,Child ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Fluorocarbons ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Environmental Exposure ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Nutrition Surveys ,Lipids ,Endocrinology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,chemistry ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Caprylates ,Insulin Resistance ,business ,Lipid profile ,Body mass index - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) has been used extensively in the manufacture of both commercial and household products. PFOA serum concentrations have been associated with adverse health effects, including lower body mass in children and infants. OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is an association between PFOA and body mass, insulin and lipid profile in exposed young girls. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of PFAS environmental biomarkers and insulin resistance in 6 to 8 year-old girls from Greater Cincinnati (n=353). In 2004–2006, blood samples were obtained to measure polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), fasting insulin, glucose and lipids. Clinical exams included anthropometric measurements and pubertal maturation staging. Linear regression and mediation analyses, specifically structural equation modeling (SEM), were used to determine the strength and direction of the relationships between PFAS, pubertal maturation status, body mass index (BMI), cholesterol and insulin resistance. RESULTS: The median PFOA (7.7ng/ml) was twice the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2006). Only PFOA, a PFAS sub-species, showed statistically significant relationships with the outcomes. In regression models, PFOA was associated with decreased BMI and waist-to-height ratio (p=0.0008; p=0.0343), HDL-cholesterol (p=0.0046) and had a borderline inverse association with the HOMA Index of insulin resistance (p=0.0864). In SEM, PFOA retained an inverse relationship with BMI (p
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- 2019
20. Thyroid Antagonists (Perchlorate, Thiocyanate, and Nitrate) and Childhood Growth in a Longitudinal Study of U.S. Girls
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Gayle C. Windham, Frank M. Biro, Ashley Pajak, Nancy Mervish, Benjamin C. Blount, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Liza Valentin-Blasini, Mary S. Wolff, Susan M. Pinney, and Lawrence H. Kushi
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,endocrine system diseases ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Iodide ,California ,Body Mass Index ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Perchlorate ,Child Development ,0302 clinical medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,health care economics and organizations ,2. Zero hunger ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Perchlorates ,Symporters ,Antithyroid agent ,Thyroid ,food and beverages ,3. Good health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Children's Health ,Female ,Waist Circumference ,Thyroid function ,Iodine ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Sodium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,03 medical and health sciences ,Antithyroid Agents ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Ohio ,Nitrates ,Thiocyanate ,030111 toxicology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Body Height ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Symporter ,New York City ,Thiocyanates - Abstract
Background: Perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate are sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors that block iodide uptake into the thyroid, thus affecting thyroid function. Thyroid dysfunction can adversely affect somatic growth and development in children. To our knowledge, no studies have examined effects of NIS inhibitors on body size measures. Objective: We investigated associations between NIS inhibitors and childhood growth in 940 girls from the Puberty Study of the Breast Cancer and Environment Research Program. Methods: Urine samples collected from girls 6–8 years of age at enrollment (2004–2007) from New York City, greater Cincinnati, Ohio, and the Bay Area in California were analyzed for NIS inhibitors and creatinine (C). The longitudinal association between NIS inhibitors and anthropometric measures [height, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI)] during at least three visits was examined using mixed effects linear models, adjusted for race and site. Results: Compared with girls in the low-exposure group (3.6, 626, and 500 mg/gC, median perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate, respectively) girls with the highest NIS inhibitor exposure (9.6, 2,343, and 955 mg/gC, median perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate, respectively) had slower growth in waist circumference and BMI but not height. Significant differences in the predicted mean waist circumference and BMI between the low- and high-exposure groups were observed beginning at 11 years of age. Conclusions: Higher NIS inhibitor exposure biomarkers were associated with reductions in waist circumference and BMI. These findings underscore the need to assess exposure to NIS inhibitors with respect to their influence on childhood growth. Citation: Mervish NA, Pajak A, Teitelbaum SL, Pinney SM, Windham GC, Kushi LH, Biro FM, Valentin-Blasini L, Blount BC, Wolff MS, for the Breast Cancer and Environment Research Project (BCERP). 2016. Thyroid antagonists (perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate) and childhood growth in a longitudinal study of U.S. girls. Environ Health Perspect 124:542–549; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409309
- Published
- 2016
21. 7. Puberty as a Window of Susceptibility for Breast Cancer Risk: Exploring the Physiologic Mechanisms
- Author
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Bin Huang, Catherine M. Gordon, Susan M. Pinney, and Frank M. Biro
- Subjects
Oncology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Breast cancer ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Medicine ,Window (computing) ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2020
22. Blood Lead Concentration in Childhood and Age of Menarche in a Prospective Study of U.S. Girls
- Author
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Kathleen L. Caldwell, Frank M. Biro, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Susan M. Pinney, Maida P. Galvez, Lawrence H. Kushi, Mary S. Wolff, Andrea Deierlein, Ryszard Gajek, Gayle C. Windham, Ashley S Pajak, and Jeffrey Jarrett
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Breast cancer ,business.industry ,Causal inference ,Cohort ,medicine ,Menarche ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,business ,medicine.disease ,Prospective cohort study ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Lead may alter growth and development, but prospective studies on menarche are lacking. Among girls enrolled at 6-8 years of age in the Breast Cancer and Environment Research Program cohort during ...
- Published
- 2018
23. Lead exposure during childhood and subsequent anthropometry through adolescence in girls
- Author
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Susan L. Teitelbaum, Susan M. Pinney, Kathleen L. Caldwell, Frank M. Biro, Lawrence H. Kushi, Ryszard Gajek, Gayle C. Windham, Andrea Deierlein, Maida P. Galvez, Mary S. Wolff, and Jeffery M. Jarrett
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Waist ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Adolescent ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Body Mass Index ,Negatively associated ,Medicine ,Humans ,Child ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Environmental Exposure ,Anthropometry ,Confidence interval ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Lead ,Cohort ,Lead exposure ,Female ,New York City ,Geometric mean ,Waist Circumference ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Introduction: Cross-sectional studies suggest that postnatal blood lead (PbB) concentrations are negatively associated with child growth. Few studies prospectively examined this association in populations with lower PbB concentrations. We investigated longitudinal associations of childhood PbB concentrations and subsequent anthropometric measurements in a multi-ethnic cohort of girls. Methods: Data were from The Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program at three sites in the United States (U.S.): New York City, Cincinnati, and San Francisco Bay Area. Girls were enrolled at ages 6–8 years in 2004–2007. Girls with PbB concentrations collected at ≤10 years old (mean 7.8 years, standard deviation (SD) 0.82) and anthropometry collected at ≥3 follow-up visits were included (n = 683). The median PbB concentration was 0.99 μg/d (10th percentile = 0.59 μg/dL and 90th percentile = 2.00 μg/dL) and the geometric mean was 1.03 μg/dL (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.99, 1.06). For analyses, PbB concentrations were dichotomized as
- Published
- 2018
24. 'Complementary Medicine': Complementary and Alternative Health Approaches in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
- Author
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Nancy L. Bloemer and Frank M. Biro
- Subjects
Complementary Therapies ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Adolescent gynecology ,Adolescent ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,General Medicine ,Terminology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gynecology ,030225 pediatrics ,Family medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Health care ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,Female ,business ,Complementary medicine ,Child ,Genital Diseases, Female - Abstract
Complementary and alternative health care approaches are prevalent in the patients and families served by practitioners in pediatric and adolescent gynecology. This article addresses gaps in knowledge, including new terminology, prevalence of use, rates of and reasons behind nondisclosure, and potential interactions of herbal products with prescribed medication. It closes with practical complementary health approaches to the adolescent with dysmenorrhea.
- Published
- 2018
25. Age of Menarche in a Longitudinal US Cohort
- Author
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Lawrence H. Kushi, Louise C. Greenspan, Mary S. Wolff, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Maida P. Galvez, Susan M. Pinney, Frank M. Biro, Ashley Pajak, and Gayle C. Windham
- Subjects
Parents ,Adolescent ,Psychological intervention ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Age Distribution ,030225 pediatrics ,Medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,Sexual Maturation ,Prospective cohort study ,Child ,Menstrual Cycle ,Menstruation Disturbances ,Menarche ,Breast development ,business.industry ,Puberty ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Cohort ,Observational study ,Female ,business ,Body mass index ,Demography - Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Menarche is a critical milestone in a woman’s life, and historically has been determined through several approaches. The goals of this study were to: 1) determine age at menarche from multiple reports of parents and adolescent participants in a prospective study; 2) examine factors impacting age at menarche; and 3) determine correlates of menarche and pubertal tempo. DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study. SETTING: Three sites of the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program. PARTICIPANTS: Girls enrolled at 6-8 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Parental and participant reported age of menarche, tempo of puberty. RESULTS: There were 946 girls who were assigned an age of menarche. The correlation between parent and participant reports was high (Spearman R= 0.799, p< 0.001), and the difference was insignificant. Median age at menarche overall was 12.25 years. Compared to Black participants, Hispanic girls were more likely to have menarche earlier, while White and Asian girls were more likely to have menarche later. Age of menarche was highly correlated with age of breast development (Spearman R= 0.547, p< .001), and inversely with BMI (Spearman R= −0.403, p< .001). Tempo (interval of age of breast development to menarche) was slower in those with earlier breast development. CONCLUSIONS: Parental and adolescent reports of menarche are highly correlated. Earlier breast maturation was associated with slower tempo through puberty. BMI had a greater impact on age at menarche than did race and ethnicity.
- Published
- 2018
26. Younger pubertal age is associated with allergy and other atopic conditions in girls
- Author
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Nita Vangeepuram, Susan M. Pinney, Chi Chen Hong, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Maida P. Galvez, Mary S. Wolff, Lawrence H. Kushi, Ashley Pajak, Gayle C. Windham, and Frank M. Biro
- Subjects
Hypersensitivity, Immediate ,Risk ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Allergy ,Immunology ,Article ,Type 2 immune response ,Early menarche ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Child ,Asthma ,Menarche ,Breast development ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Age Factors ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Pubic hair ,Black or African American ,body regions ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Early menarche is linked to higher incidence of adult asthma, suggesting that earlier puberty may influence type 2 immune response characteristics of allergic diseases. We examined the hypothesis that timing of breast and pubic hair development, which precede menarche, is associated with increased childhood atopic conditions.Girls were enrolled at 6-8 yr of age (2004-2007) in the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program Puberty Study and were followed through 2011. Pubertal stages were assessed and atopic conditions were queried annually. Associations of age at pubertal stage 2 for breast or pubic hair development with atopic conditions were assessed using prevalence ratios (PR) or odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from log-binomial regression and generalized estimating equation models, controlling for body mass index and other covariates. A total of 1055 girls with medical and pubertal stage data were included.Asthma (ever vs. never) was associated with younger pubarche (≤10 vs.10 yr, PR = 1.15, CI: 1.04-1.28 adjusted for race/ethnicity and site; PR = 1.13, CI: 1.01-1.25 further adjusted for BMI), but not thelarche. In longitudinal models, risk of developing allergies increased with younger age at pubarche (adjusted OR = 1.60, CI: 1.10-2.34; ≤10 vs.10 yr). Risks were highest among black girls with earlier pubarche (n = 248/326); for allergies, their fully adjusted OR was 2.35, CI: 1.06-5.19 for pubarche ≤10 vs.10 yr.Atopic conditions during childhood are associated with younger age at pubarche, independent of obesity, and these relationships may vary by racial/ethnic groups.
- Published
- 2014
27. Evaluation of readiness to transfer to adult healthcare: What about the well adolescent?
- Author
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Anne Marraccini, Abigail Nye, Frank M. Biro, and Sarah J. Beal
- Subjects
Self-efficacy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Medical education ,Transition readiness ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Medical record ,Alternative medicine ,Subspecialty ,Adolescent medicine ,Health care ,medicine ,Cognitive interview ,business - Abstract
Background Understanding readiness to transfer from pediatric to adult healthcare is important for all youth; however, research and implementation guidelines in this area have emphasized youth seen in pediatric subspecialty settings. The purpose of this study was to develop an approach for evaluating transition readiness in a primary care setting, collect pilot data that examined the transition readiness of teens in that program, and implement assessments as part of clinical care. Method Forty boys and girls aged 12–22 were recruited from an adolescent medicine outpatient program in a large children’s hospital. The first 10 adolescents provided responses to questions and participated in cognitive interviewing. Questions changed minimally and responses from all 40 participants were combined. After the study visit, a researcher compared participant responses to electronic medical records and coded responses for accuracy. The survey consisted of 41 transition readiness items from previously published measures. Results The research team was able to develop a tool to assess transition readiness within a clinical setting. When administered to participants from that program, participants demonstrated poor transition readiness. Modifications were made based on participant feedback and implementation in the clinical setting. Clinicians were successful with administering transition readiness assessments. Conclusions It appears that even in youth who are generally well, transition readiness is low. Transition readiness assessments can be implemented in the primary care setting, and have been useful for guiding clinical care. Additional barriers and next steps will be discussed.
- Published
- 2014
28. Hormone Changes in Peripubertal Girls
- Author
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Erin R. Baker, Bin Huang, Frank M. Biro, Lorah D. Dorn, Susan M. Pinney, and Donald Walt Chandler
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Every Six Months ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Estrone ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Child Development ,Endocrinology ,Sex hormone-binding globulin ,Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ,Internal medicine ,Adrenal Glands ,medicine ,Endocrine Research ,Humans ,Testosterone ,Adrenarche ,Breast ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Breast development ,Estradiol ,biology ,Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ,Ovary ,Puberty ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Androstenedione ,Receptors, Interleukin ,Hormones ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Female ,Hormone - Abstract
Studies of hormone changes in the peripubertal period note increases in adrenal hormones prior to increases in sex steroids. It is unclear how these processes are related to each other, except through this temporal relationship.Examine relationships in adrenal and sex hormones in 252 peripubertal girls.Longitudinal observation study. School districts, at the Cincinnati site of the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Centers, between 2004-2010. Participants were recruited between ages 6 and 7 years of age and were seen every 6 months. Main outcome measures included height, weight, maturation status, and fasting blood specimen. Serum was analyzed for selected hormones every six months, beginning 30 months prior to, and extending to 6 months after, breast development. Androstenedione, estradiol, estrone, and T were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry. Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) and SHBG also were measured.DHEA-S concentrations increased 24 months before breast development; androstenedione and estrone between 12 to 18 months before breast development; whereas estradiol and T increased, and SHBG fell between 6 and 12 months before breast development. Girls with greater body mass index had lower estradiol concentrations at onset of breast development as well as 6 months after pubertal onset.Serum estrone and DHEA-S increased prior to estradiol concentrations, and the increase in estradiol occurred prior to breast development. Heavier peripubertal girls have lower estradiol levels at puberty, suggesting peripheral conversion of adrenal androgens to estrone.
- Published
- 2014
29. Age at Pubertal Onset in Girls and Tobacco Smoke Exposure During Pre- and Postnatal Susceptibility Windows
- Author
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Robert W. Voss, Mary S. Wolff, Dina Dobraca, Lawrence H. Kushi, Maida P. Galvez, Frank M. Biro, Gayle C. Windham, Raymond Lum, Susan M. Pinney, Robert A. Hiatt, Connie S. Sosnoff, Susan L. Teteilbaum, and Louise C. Greenspan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Longitudinal study ,Offspring ,Epidemiology ,Physiology ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Article ,Tobacco smoke ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Clinical Research ,030225 pediatrics ,Tobacco ,Breast Cancer ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods ,Cotinine ,Child ,Cancer ,Gynecology ,Menarche ,Pediatric ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Contraception/Reproduction ,Statistics ,Age Factors ,medicine.disease ,Pubic hair ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Good Health and Well Being ,chemistry ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Cohort ,Public Health and Health Services ,Tobacco Smoke Pollution ,Female ,business - Abstract
Background Tobacco smoke contains known hormonally active chemicals and reproductive toxicants. Several studies have examined prenatal maternal smoking and offspring age at menarche, but few examined earlier pubertal markers, nor accounted for exposure during childhood. Our objective was to examine pre- and postnatal smoke exposure in relation to timing of early pubertal events. Methods An ethnically diverse cohort of 1239 girls was enrolled at age 6-8 years old for a longitudinal study of puberty at three US sites. Girls participated in annual or semi-annual exams to measure anthropometry and Tanner breast and pubic hair stages. Prenatal and current tobacco smoke exposures, as well as covariates, were obtained from parent questionnaire. Cotinine was measured in urine collected at enrollment. Using accelerated failure time models, we calculated adjusted time ratios for age at pubertal onset (maturation stages 2 or higher) and smoke exposure. Results Girls with higher prenatal (≥5 cigarettes per day) or secondhand smoke exposure had earlier pubic hair development than unexposed (adjusted time ratio: 0.92 [95% CI = 0.87, 0.97] and 0.94 [95% CI = 0.90, 0.97], respectively). Including both exposures in the same model yielded similar associations. Higher urinary cotinine quartiles were associated with younger age at breast and pubic hair onset in unadjusted models, but not after adjustment. Conclusions Greater prenatal and childhood secondhand smoke exposure were associated with earlier onset of pubic hair, but not breast, development. These exposures represent modifiable risk factors for early pubertal development that should be considered for addition to the extensive list of adverse effects from tobacco smoke.
- Published
- 2017
30. Girls' Sleep Trajectories Across the Pubertal Transition: Emerging Racial/Ethnic Differences
- Author
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Kevin J. Grimm, Gayle C. Windham, Kristine Marceau, Cecile A. Laurent, Susan M. Pinney, Lawrence H. Kushi, Robert A. Hiatt, Melissa J. Hagan, Lindsay T. Hoyt, Frank M. Biro, Julianna Deardorff, Mary S. Wolff, Susan L. Teitelbaum, and Louise C. Greenspan
- Subjects
Time Factors ,Ethnic group ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Pubertal timing ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Aetiology ,Child ,Cancer ,Pediatric ,African Americans ,05 social sciences ,Age Factors ,Hispanic or Latino ,Pubic hair ,Asians ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Racial/ethnic difference ,Public Health ,social and economic factors ,Hispanic Americans ,Positive Youth Development ,Sleep Research ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Asian Continental Ancestry Group ,Adolescent ,European Continental Ancestry Group ,Pubertal rate ,Pubertal tempo ,Race/ethnicity ,Bedtime ,White People ,Article ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,Asian People ,Clinical Research ,2.3 Psychological ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Breast Cancer ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Socioeconomic status ,Latent growth modeling ,business.industry ,Whites ,Contraception/Reproduction ,Prevention ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Puberty ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Black or African American ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,business ,Sleep ,Body mass index ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography - Abstract
PurposeThis study aims to examine the longitudinal association between puberty and sleep in a diverse sample of girls and explore racial/ethnic differences in this association.MethodsUsing latent growth curve modeling, the present study measured pubertal development (timing and rate) and sleep (wake time and bedtime) in 1,239 socioeconomically and ethnically diverse girls starting when they were 6-8 years old and followed longitudinally for up to 8 years. Pubertal assessment was conducted annually in clinic by physical examination, classified by sexual maturation stage for breast and pubic hair development by trained raters.ResultsIn line with previous research, black girls had the earliest pubertal development, followed by Hispanic, white, and Asian girls. Black girls, on average, reported significantly shorter sleep duration than Hispanic (β = -.20, p
- Published
- 2017
31. Polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure in the Mid-Ohio River Valley, 1991-2012
- Author
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Jeanette M. Buckholz, Xiaoyun Ye, Frank M. Biro, Robert L. Herrick, Susan M. Pinney, Changchun Xie, and Antonia M. Calafat
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Water source ,Population ,Environmental pollution ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Tap water ,Rivers ,Biomonitoring ,Humans ,Industry ,education ,Groundwater ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Ohio ,River valley ,education.field_of_study ,Fluorocarbons ,Water ,General Medicine ,Environmental exposure ,Environmental Exposure ,Pollution ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Charcoal ,Environmental science ,Perfluorooctanoic acid ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Caprylates ,Environmental Pollution ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Background Industrial discharges of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) to the Ohio River, contaminating water systems near Parkersburg, WV, were previously associated with nearby residents' serum PFOA concentrations above US general population medians. Ohio River PFOA concentrations downstream are elevated, suggesting Mid-Ohio River Valley residents are exposed through drinking water. Objectives Quantify PFOA and 10 other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Mid-Ohio River Valley resident sera collected between 1991 and 2013 and determine whether the Ohio River and Ohio River Aquifer are exposure sources. Methods We measured eleven PFAS in 1608 sera from 931 participants. Serum PFOA concentration and water source associations were assessed using linear mixed-effects models. We estimated between-sample serum PFOA using one-compartment pharmacokinetics for participants with multiple samples. Results In serum samples collected as early as 1991, PFOA (median = 7.6 ng/mL) was detected in 99.9% of sera; 47% had concentrations greater than US population 95th percentiles. Five other PFAS were detected in greater than 82% of samples; median other PFAS concentrations were similar to the US general population. Serum PFOA was significantly associated with water source, sampling year, age at sampling, tap water consumption, pregnancy, gravidity and breastfeeding. Serum PFOA was 40–60% lower with granular activated carbon (GAC) use. Repeated measurements and pharmacokinetics suggest serum PFOA peaked 2000–2006 for participants using water without GAC treatment; where GAC was used, serum PFOA concentrations decreased from 1991 to 2012. Conclusions Mid-Ohio River Valley residents appear to have PFOA, but not other PFAS, serum concentrations above US population levels. Drinking water from the Ohio River and Ohio River Aquifer, primarily contaminated by industrial discharges 209–666 km upstream, is likely the primary exposure source. GAC treatment of drinking water mitigates, but does not eliminate, PFOA exposure.
- Published
- 2017
32. Breastfeeding Versus Formula-Feeding and Girls’ Pubertal Development
- Author
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Janice Barlow, Molly E. Lasater, Maureen Lahiff, Frank M. Biro, Lawrence H. Kushi, Cecile A. Laurent, Anousheh Mirabedi, Louise C. Greenspan, Susan M. Pinney, Robert A. Hiatt, Julianna Deardorff, Aarti Kale, Maida P. Galvez, Mary S. Wolff, Gayle C. Windham, and Susan L. Teitelbaum
- Subjects
Puberty-early onset ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Population ,Breastfeeding ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Article ,Body Mass Index ,Risk Factors ,Breast Cancer ,medicine ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Aetiology ,Age of Onset ,Risk factor ,education ,Nutrition ,Cancer ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Pediatric ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Puberty ,Hazard ratio ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Feeding Behavior ,Survival Analysis ,Infant Formula ,Pubic hair ,Breast Feeding ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Studies in Human Society ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,New York City ,San Francisco ,Female ,Public Health ,Age of onset ,business ,Body mass index ,Breast feeding ,Demography - Abstract
© 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York. To examine the association of breastfeeding or its duration with timing of girls’ pubertal onset, and the role of BMI as a mediator in these associations. A population of 1,237 socio-economically and ethnically diverse girls, ages 6–8 years, was recruited across three geographic locations (New York City, Cincinnati, and the San Francisco Bay Area) in a prospective study of predictors of pubertal maturation. Breastfeeding practices were assessed using self-administered questionnaire/interview with the primary caregiver. Girls were seen on at least annual basis to assess breast and pubic hair development. The association of breastfeeding with pubertal timing was estimated using parametric survival analysis while adjusting for body mass index, ethnicity, birth-weight, mother’s education, mother’s menarcheal age, and family income. Compared to formula fed girls, those who were mixed-fed or predominantly breastfed showed later onset of breast development [hazard ratios 0.90 (95 % CI 0.75, 1.09) and 0.74 (95 % CI 0.59, 0.94), respectively]. Duration of breastfeeding was also directly associated with age at onset of breast development (p trend = 0.008). Associations between breastfeeding and pubic hair onset were not significant. In stratified analysis, the association of breastfeeding and later breast onset was seen in Cincinnati girls only. The association between breast feeding and pubertal onset varied by study site. More research is needed about the environments within which breastfeeding takes place in order to better understand whether infant feeding practices are a potentially modifiable risk factor that may influence age at onset of breast development and subsequent risk for disease in adulthood.
- Published
- 2014
33. Longitudinal study of age of menarche in association with childhood concentrations of persistent organic pollutants
- Author
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Kathleen R. Attfield, Susan M. Pinney, Robert A. Hiatt, Lawrence H. Kushi, Frank M. Biro, Andreas Sjödin, Gayle C. Windham, Robert W. Voss, and Louise C. Greenspan
- Subjects
Adult ,Longitudinal study ,Physiology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,California ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Diabetes mellitus ,Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Ohio ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Menarche ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Polychlorinated biphenyl ,Environmental Exposure ,medicine.disease ,Polychlorinated Biphenyls ,chemistry ,Quartile ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Background Age at female puberty is associated with adult morbidities, including breast cancer and diabetes. Hormonally active chemicals are suspected of altering pubertal timing. We examined whether persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are associated with age at menarche in a longitudinal study. Methods We analyzed data for females enrolled at age 6–8 years in the Breast Cancer and Environment Research Program from California and Ohio. Participants were followed annually 2004–2013 and provided serum (mean age 7.8 years) for measurement of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), organochlorine pesticide (OCP), and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations. Age of menarche was assigned based on parental and participant reported dates and ages of menarche. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for menarchal onset were calculated with Cox proportional regression. Body mass index (BMI), potentially on the causal pathway, was added to parallel analyses. Results Age of menarche was later with higher summed PCB levels (median 11.9 years in quartile 1 [Q1] versus 12.7 in quartile 4 [Q4]) and OCP levels (12.1 years versus 12.4, respectively). When adjusting for all covariates except BMI, higher POP concentrations were associated with later age at menarche (Q4 versus Q1 aHRs: PBDEs 0.75 [95% CI 0.58, 0.97], PCBs 0.67 [95% CI 0.5, 0.89], and OCPs 0.66 [95% CI 0.50, 0.89]). Additional adjustment for BMI attenuated aHRs; PCB aHR approached the null. Conclusion Findings revealed later onset of menarche with higher concentrations of certain POPs, possibly through an association with BMI. Altered pubertal timing may have long lasting effects on reproductive health and disease risk, so continued attention is important for understanding the biological processes affected by hormonally active chemicals.
- Published
- 2019
34. Bone Density and Timing of Puberty in a Longitudinal Study of Girls
- Author
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Bin Huang, Frank M. Biro, Susan M. Pinney, Ashley M. Cattran, and Heidi J. Kalkwarf
- Subjects
Longitudinal study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Bone density ,Physiology ,Breast Neoplasms ,Article ,Absorptiometry, Photon ,Breast cancer ,Bone Density ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Family history ,Child ,Bone mineral ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,business.industry ,Puberty ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,business - Abstract
Primary: To examine the relationship between relative timing of puberty with bone mineral density (BMD) in a group of adolescent girls; Secondary: To determine if family history of breast cancer was associated with bone mineral density.Longitudinal study of girls recruited between 6 and 7 years of age seen every 6 months for 5 years, and subsequently seen annually. BMD of the lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at mean age of 12.5 years; age- and race-specific Z-scores (BMDz) were calculated. Age of pubertal onset was determined by the first occurrence of breast stage 2, and participants were categorized into race-specific early, on-time and late puberty onset groups.BMDz by timing of pubertal onset, and by family history of breast cancer.DXA scans were performed on 227 study participants, and a second scan was performed on 114 participants 2 years later. Age of onset of puberty was inversely correlated with BMDz, r = -0.31 (P .0001). There was no association between BMDz and family history of breast cancer.Earlier timing of puberty was associated with higher BMD. The high shared variance of BMD and timing of pubertal onset implies an underlying biologic basis.
- Published
- 2015
35. Identifying Opportunities for Cancer Prevention During Preadolescence and Adolescence: Puberty as a Window of Susceptibility
- Author
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Julianna Deardorff and Frank M. Biro
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Male ,Thrifty phenotype ,Developmental plasticity ,Adolescent ,MEDLINE ,Breast Neoplasms ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Child Development ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Breast ,Obesity ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,Child ,Cancer prevention ,Preadolescence ,business.industry ,Windows of susceptibility ,Puberty ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Sequela ,medicine.disease ,Child development ,3. Good health ,Primary Prevention ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Phenotype ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Menarche ,Female ,Disease Susceptibility ,business - Abstract
Purpose Early life exposures during times of rapid growth and development are recognized increasingly to impact later life. Epidemiologic studies document an association between exposures at critical windows of susceptibility with outcomes as diverse as childhood and adult obesity, timing of menarche, and risk for hypertension or breast cancer. Methods This article briefly reviews the concept of windows of susceptibility for providers who care for adolescent patients. Results The theoretical bases for windows of susceptibility is examined, evaluating the relationship between pubertal change and breast cancer as a paradigm, and reviewing the underlying mechanisms, such as epigenetic modification. Conclusions The long-term sequela of responses to early exposures may impact other adult morbidities; addressing these exposures represents an important challenge for contemporary medicine.
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- 2013
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36. Early Pubertal Development and Insulin Sensitivity among School-Aged Girls: Mediation Via Adiposity
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Susan M. Pinney, Bin Huang, Jennifer B. Hillman, and Frank M. Biro
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Puberty, Precocious ,Article ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Precocious puberty ,Obesity ,Child ,Adiposity ,Anthropometry ,business.industry ,Insulin ,Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Endocrinology ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Analysis of variance ,Insulin Resistance ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
To examine whether the known association between early pubertal breast maturation and insulin sensitivity (SI) is mediated by adiposity.Cross-sectional analyses.Observational study examining the roles of environment, diet, and obesity on puberty.379 girls with a mean age, 7.03 years; 62% were white and 29% black.Pubertal development was assessed via physical examination and adiposity by body mass index Z score (BMI Z) and waist-to-height ratio. Fasting blood samples were obtained for insulin and glucose concentrations. SI was calculated with the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Analysis of variance and Sobel's test was used to assess mediation.Fifty-five girls were pubertal (Tanner 2 breast). Breast maturation was inversely associated with SI (P = .005) and positively associated with BMI Z (P.001) and waist-to-height ratio (P.001). The effect of breast maturation on SI was no longer significant (P = .41) after adjusting for the effect of BMI Z, which remained significant (P.001). Similar results were obtained when waist-to-height ratio replaced BMI Z in the models. Mediation analyses demonstrated that 75% of the association between breast maturation and SI is mediated by adiposity.In girls, decreased SI during early puberty is largely mediated by total and visceral adiposity.
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- 2013
37. Associations of urinary phthalates and phenols with menarche among a multiethnic cohort of young girls
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Frank M. Biro, Ashley Pajak, Mary S. Wolff, Maida P. Galvez, Susan M. Pinney, Gayle C. Windham, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Antonia M. Calafat, Michael E. Rybak, and Lawrence H. Kushi
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Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Physiology ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Breast cancer ,Enterolactone ,chemistry ,Menarche ,medicine ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Phytoestrogens ,business ,Body mass index ,General Environmental Science ,Cohort study - Abstract
Hormonally active environmental exposures may alter timing of puberty. We investigated urinary biomarkers of 9 phthalates and 13 phenols including 3 phytoestrogens in relation to menarche among girls enrolled at 6-8 years of age during 2004-2007 in the Breast Cancer and Environment Research Program. This multi-ethnic cohort study of 1239 girls at three US sites was followed through 2015. For urinary metabolites assayed in baseline samples, age at menarche was available on 1051 girls. Associations of biomarker quintiles with menarche were estimated from Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for race, ethnicity, and caregiver education (aHR, 95% confidence intervals [CI]). Urinary enterolactone was associated with later age at menarche (aHR 0.82 [0.66-1.03] for 5th vs 1st quintile, p-trend 0.028). Effects were stronger in girls with below-median body mass index (aHR 0.75 [0.59-0.95], 3rd vs 1st enterolactone tertile) compared to higher body mass (aHR 1.04 [0.82-1.33]). 2,5-Dichlorophenol was associated w...
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- 2016
38. Longitudinal associations of exposures to phenols during childhood and adiposity measurements in young girls
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Frank M. Biro, Ashley Pajak, Lawrence H. Kushi, Antonia M. Calafat, Michael E. Rybak, Xiaoyun Ye, Maida P. Galvez, Gayle C. Windham, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Andrea Deierlein, Mary S. Wolff, and Susan M. Pinney
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Environmental health ,Cohort ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medicine ,Phenols ,business ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Introduction: We investigated longitudinal associations between phenol exposures and subsequent adiposity measurements in a multi-ethnic cohort of girls. Methods: Data were collected as part of The...
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- 2016
39. Three-year temporal variability in urinary concentrations of environmental chemicals among a multi-ethnic cohort of girls in the United States
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Lawrence H. Kushi, Frank M. Biro, Manori J. Silva, Ashley Pajak, Mary S. Wolff, Antonia M. Calafat, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Michael E. Rybak, Gayle C. Windham, Susan M. Pinney, and Xiaoyun Ye
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business.industry ,Urinary system ,Cohort ,Ethnic group ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medicine ,business ,General Environmental Science ,Demography - Published
- 2016
40. Longitudinal Associations of Phthalate Exposures During Childhood and Body Size Measurements in Young Girls
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Antonia M. Calafat, Frank M. Biro, Maida P. Galvez, Gayle C. Windham, Lawrence H. Kushi, Andrea Deierlein, Susan M. Pinney, Mary S. Wolff, Ashley Pajak, Susan L. Teitelbaum, and Manori J. Silva
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Waist ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Phthalic Acids ,Physiology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Body size ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Body Mass Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Obesity ,Child ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Creatinine ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,Phthalate ,Environmental exposure ,Environmental Exposure ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Body Height ,United States ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Linear Models ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Female ,Waist Circumference ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Phthalates are environmental chemicals that may play a role in the development of obesity. Few studies have investigated longitudinal associations between postnatal phthalate exposures and subsequent anthropometric measurements in children. We collected data as part of The Breast Cancer and Environment Research Program at three US sites. A total of 1,239 girls, aged 6-8 years, were enrolled in 2004-2007. We categorized baseline phthalate exposures, assessed from creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of low-molecular weight phthalate metabolites, as low
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- 2016
41. Pregnancy during adolescence has lasting adverse effects on blood lipids: A 10-year longitudinal study of black and white females
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Erica P. Gunderson, Mark Hudes, Frank M. Biro, Ruth Striegel–Moore, Stephen R. Daniels, Patricia B. Crawford, and George B. Schreiber
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Longitudinal study ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Black People ,Physiology ,Blood lipids ,Gravidity ,White People ,Article ,Young Adult ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Young adult ,Child ,Prospective cohort study ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Lipids ,Confidence interval ,Parity ,Contraception ,Endocrinology ,Multivariate Analysis ,Menarche ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Primiparity has been associated with 3 to 4 mg/dL lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in black and white adult women that persist several years after delivery.To examine the lasting effects of adolescent pregnancy on blood lipids, an early risk factor for future cardiometabolic diseases.The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Growth and Health Study is a multicenter prospective cohort that measured fasting blood lipids for 1013 (513 black, 500 white) participants at baseline (1987-1988) ages 9-10, and again at follow-up (1996-1997) ages 18-19.Change in fasting plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, defined as the difference between baseline and follow-up measurements, was compared among 186 (145 black, 41 white) primi- or multiparas, 106 (55 black, 51 white) nulliparous, gravidas versus 721 (313 black, 408 white) nulligravidas. Fully adjusted multiple linear regression models estimated blood lipid changes among these pregnancy groups adjusted for race, age at menarche, baseline lipids, physical inactivity, body mass index, and family sociodemographics.In the 10-year study period, adolescent paras compared with nulligravidas had greater decrements in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL; fully adjusted mean [95% confidence interval] group differences in black -4.3 [-6.7, -2.0]; P.001 and white: -4.5 [-8.2, -0.7]; P = .016) and greater increments in fasting triglycerides (mg/dL; adjusted mean [95% confidence interval] group differences in black: 10.4 [3.9, 16.8]; P.001, and white: 11.6 [-3.6, 26.8]; P = .167).Adolescent pregnancy contributes to pro-atherogenic lipid profiles that persist after delivery. Further research is needed to assess whether adolescent pregnancy has implications for future cardiovascular disease risk in young women.
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- 2012
42. Contemporary Trends in Onset and Completion of Puberty, Gain in Height and Adiposity
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Frank M, Biro and Wieland, Kiess
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Male ,Sex Characteristics ,Puberty ,Humans ,Female ,Body Height ,Adiposity ,Body Mass Index - Abstract
Recent studies have documented earlier pubertal maturation in both girls and boys. Several factors have been proposed to account for earlier maturation. Epidemiologic studies have indicated that genetic factors are the most important influence contributing to the variability in the onset of puberty. Studies have also noted the association of elevated BMI with earlier puberty in girls, although the relationship between BMI and onset of puberty in boys is less consistent. The relationship of BMI and onset of puberty may be mediated by several factors, including leptin and kisspeptin, changes in bioavailable sex hormones, and environmental exposures. Recently, there have been genome-wide meta-analyses examining onset of puberty and anthropometric traits that may provide insight into the relationships of BMI, height velocity, and pubertal timing. Newer fields of investigation include examination of epigenetic modification.
- Published
- 2015
43. Contemporary Trends in Onset and Completion of Puberty, Gain in Height and Adiposity
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Frank M Biro and Wieland Kiess
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Body height ,Leptin ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Anthropometry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Kisspeptin ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,business ,Body mass index ,Hormone ,Sex characteristics - Abstract
Recent studies have documented earlier pubertal maturation in both girls and boys. Several factors have been proposed to account for earlier maturation. Epidemiologic studies have indicated that genetic factors are the most important influence contributing to the variability in the onset of puberty. Studies have also noted the association of elevated BMI with earlier puberty in girls, although the relationship between BMI and onset of puberty in boys is less consistent. The relationship of BMI and onset of puberty may be mediated by several factors, including leptin and kisspeptin, changes in bioavailable sex hormones, and environmental exposures. Recently, there have been genome-wide meta-analyses examining onset of puberty and anthropometric traits that may provide insight into the relationships of BMI, height velocity, and pubertal timing. Newer fields of investigation include examination of epigenetic modification.
- Published
- 2015
44. Brominated Flame Retardants and Other Persistent Organohalogenated Compounds in Relation to Timing of Puberty in a Longitudinal Study of Girls
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Robert W. Voss, Susan M. Pinney, Robert A. Hiatt, Andreas Sjödin, Susan L. Stewart, Lawrence H. Kushi, Louise C. Greenspan, Frank M. Biro, and Gayle C. Windham
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Longitudinal study ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Physiology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Endocrine Disruptors ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,California ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clinical Research ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ,Humans ,Breast ,Longitudinal Studies ,Pesticides ,Child ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Flame Retardants ,Ohio ,2. Zero hunger ,Extramural ,business.industry ,Puberty ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Environmental exposure ,Environmental Exposure ,Polychlorinated Biphenyls ,Hydrocarbons.chlorinated ,Hydrocarbons ,3. Good health ,Chlorinated ,Endocrinology ,13. Climate action ,Children's Health ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,business ,Environmental Sciences ,Hair ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
© 2015, Public Health Services, US Dept of Health and Human Services. All rights reserved. Background: Exposure to hormonally active chemicals could plausibly affect pubertal timing, so we are investigating this in the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program. Objectives: Our goal was to examine persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in relation to pubertal onset. Methods: Ethnically diverse cohorts of 6- to 8-year-old girls (n = 645) provided serum for measure of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and lipids. Tanner stages [breast (B) and pubic hair (PH)], and body mass index (BMI) were measured at up to seven annual clinic visits. Using accelerated failure time models, we calculated time ratios (TRs) for age at Tanner stages 2 or higher (2+) and POPs quartiles (Q1–4), adjusting for confounders (race/ethnicity, site, caregiver education, and income). We also calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) of Tanner stages 2+ at time of blood sampling. Results: Cross-sectionally, the prevalence of B2+ and PH2+ was inversely related to chemical serum concentrations; but after adjustment for confounders, only the associations with B2+, not PH2+, were statistically significant. Longitudinally, the age at pubertal transition was consistently older with greater chemical concentrations; for example: adjusted TR for B2+ and Q4 for ΣPBDE = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08, for ΣPCB = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.08, and for ΣOCP = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.14, indicating median ages of about 6 and 11 months older than least exposed, and with similar effect estimates for PH2+. Adjusting for BMI attenuated associations for PCBs and OCPs but not for PBDEs. Conclusions: This first longitudinal study of puberty in girls with serum POPs measurements (to our knowledge) reveals a delay in onset with higher concentrations. Citation: Windham GC, Pinney SM, Voss RW, Sjödin A, Biro FM, Greenspan LC, Stewart S, Hiatt RA, Kushi LH. 2015. Brominated flame retardants and other persistent organohalogenated compounds in relation to timing of puberty in a longitudinal study of girls.
- Published
- 2015
45. Adolescent Women and Obesity
- Author
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Supinya In-iw and Frank M. Biro
- Subjects
Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Breast Neoplasms ,Disease ,Overweight ,Risk Factors ,Health care ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Child ,Metabolic Syndrome ,business.industry ,Public health ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Polycystic ovary ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Abstract
The proportion of child and adolescent obesity in the United States has dramatically increased over the past few decades, challenging public health strategies and medical needs of the individual. The medical consequences of obesity include metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. There is no definite diagnostic criterion of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents; commonly noted features are central adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. To prevent negative health outcomes and early recognition for those at risk for overweight and obesity, healthcare providers should screen BMI in children and adolescents at least annually, as well as provide anticipatory guidance to all families during health maintenance visit. This review will address the epidemiology and consequences of obesity in children and adults, and issues for health care providers and public health officials to consider. These issues include increasing physical activity, decreasing sedentary activities, and promoting healthy eating behaviors.
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- 2011
46. Puberty and Its Measurement: A Decade in Review
- Author
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Frank M. Biro and Lorah D. Dorn
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Cultural Studies ,Injury control ,business.industry ,Accident prevention ,Poison control ,Research needs ,Developmental psychology ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Pubertal stage ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Medicine ,Health and development ,Adolescent development ,business ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Since the early 1980s, the focus on the importance of puberty to adolescent development has continued with variability in the methodology selected to measure puberty. To capture the relevant and important issues regarding the measurement of puberty in the last decade, this paper will address (1) the neuroendocrine aspects of puberty and its components, as well as the timing of puberty and its tempo; (2) why puberty is measured, including the relevance of puberty and its timing to health and development as well as the relevance of being off‐time, that is, early or late with respect to a reference group; (3) the measurement of puberty and its methodology with respect to pubertal staging by physical examination, self‐report measures, and their agreement with other methods and measures, hormones and their methods of measurement, and comparison of hormone concentrations to pubertal stage; and (4) recommendations for what is needed in the next decade regarding the measurement of puberty.
- Published
- 2011
47. Sharing Unexpected Biomarker Results with Study Participants
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Frank M. Biro, M. Kathryn Brown, Kathleen Ball, Susan M. Pinney, Robert L. Bornschein, and Ann D. Hernick
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Research Subjects ,research ethics ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Disclosure ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,children ,Environmental health ,Environmental monitoring ,Epidemiology ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Flame Retardants ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Fluorocarbons ,Research ethics ,communication ,business.industry ,PFOA ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,biomarkers ,transdisciplinary research ,Environmental Exposure ,Environmental exposure ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Commentary ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Caprylates ,environmental exposures ,business ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Background The Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Centers (BCERCs) include collaborators from basic sciences, epidemiology, and the community, conducting studies to investigate whether environmental exposures are associated with the timing of puberty. A pilot study of a subset of the study participants assessed the feasibility of measuring selected biomarkers of exposure in blood and urine in girls 6–8 years of age. In the Greater Cincinnati study population, we found an elevated serum concentration of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) among > 90% of young girls living in a small community. Objectives The research team deliberated whether and how to report the PFOA findings to our study families. We will address the issues considered in our decision, as well as the formats we used to present the findings. Methods The results were verified as we searched for potential sources of the elevated PFOA levels. As a research team, we grappled with issues regarding the reporting of unexpected results, derived from unknown sources and with unknown clinical significance. Ultimately, we did decide to present these findings to the study families through a well-developed communication plan. Discussion Research team members came from a variety of experiences and backgrounds, which led to different interpretations about the clinical, ethical, and public health issues surrounding these findings. The ethical debates centered around the precautionary principle, the right to know, and do no harm. Conclusions Given advances in environmental biomarker technologies and greater use of the transdisciplinary research model, a communication plan must be developed for those involved as study participants.
- Published
- 2011
48. Variation in Urine Concentrations of the Benzophenone-3 Biomarker in a Cohort of Young Girls
- Author
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Richard C. Schwartz, Frank M. Biro, Brittany L. Spicer, Courtney M. Giannini, and Susan M. Pinney
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Cohort ,Benzophenone ,Physiology ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Medicine ,Urine ,business - Published
- 2018
49. Pubertal Assessment Method and Baseline Characteristics in a Mixed Longitudinal Study of Girls
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Frank M. Biro, Nita Vangeepuram, Gayle C. Windham, Paul A. Succop, Susan M. Pinney, Mary S. Wolff, Maida P. Galvez, Lawrence H. Kushi, Susan L. Teitelbaum, and Louise C. Greenspan
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Breast development ,Percentile ,Longitudinal study ,business.industry ,Ethnic group ,Anthropometry ,Logistic regression ,Article ,Baseline characteristics ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Cohort ,Medicine ,business ,Demography - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the assessment methods and maturation status for a multisite cohort of girls at baseline recruitment and at ages 7 and 8 years. METHODS: The method for pubertal maturation staging was developed collaboratively across 3 sites. Girls at ages 6 to 8 years were recruited at 3 sites: East Harlem, New York; greater Cincinnati metropolitan area; and San Francisco Bay area, California. Baseline characteristics were obtained through interviews with caregivers and anthropometric measurements by trained examiners; breast stage 2 was defined as onset of pubertal maturation. The κ statistic was used to evaluate agreement between master trainers and examiners. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors that are associated with pubertal maturation and linear regression models to examine factors that are associated with height velocity. RESULTS: The baseline cohort included 1239 girls. The proportion of girls who had attained breast stage 2 varied by age, race/ethnicity, BMI percentile, and site. At 7 years, 10.4% of white, 23.4% of black non-Hispanic, and 14.9% of Hispanic girls had attained breast stage ≥2; at 8 years, 18.3%, 42.9%, and 30.9%, respectively, had attained breast stage ≥2. The prime determinant of height velocity was pubertal status. CONCLUSIONS: In this multisite study, there was substantial agreement regarding pubertal staging between examiners across sites. The proportion of girls who had breast development at ages 7 and 8 years, particularly among white girls, is greater than that reported from studies of girls who were born 10 to 30 years earlier.
- Published
- 2010
50. Childhood obesity and adult morbidities
- Author
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Michelle Wien and Frank M. Biro
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Supplement: National Conference on Childhood Obesity ,Type 2 diabetes ,Overweight ,Childhood obesity ,Body Mass Index ,Disease Outbreaks ,Insulin resistance ,Neoplasms ,Environmental health ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Child ,Menarche ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Puberty ,Smoking ,Environmental exposure ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Female ,Morbidity ,Metabolic syndrome ,medicine.symptom ,Energy Intake ,Energy Metabolism ,business - Abstract
The prevalence and severity of obesity have increased in recent years, likely the result of complex interactions between genes, dietary intake, physical activity, and the environment. The expression of genes favoring the storage of excess calories as fat, which have been selected for over many millennia and are relatively static, has become maladaptive in a rapidly changing environment that minimizes opportunities for energy expenditure and maximizes opportunities for energy intake. The consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity include earlier puberty and menarche in girls, type 2 diabetes and increased incidence of the metabolic syndrome in youth and adults, and obesity in adulthood. These changes are associated with cardiovascular disease as well as with several cancers in adults, likely through insulin resistance and production of inflammatory cytokines. Although concerns have arisen regarding environmental exposures, there have been no formal expert recommendations. Currently, the most important factors underlying the obesity epidemic are the current opportunities for energy intake coupled with limited energy expenditure.
- Published
- 2010
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