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The bio-cell cycle is controlled by a complex biochemical network of signaling pathways. Modeling such challenging networks accurately is imperative for the understanding of their detailed dynamical behavior. In this paper, we construct, analyze, and verify a hybrid Petri net (HPN) model of a complex biochemical network that captures the role of an important protein (namely p53) in deciding the fate of the cell. We model the behavior of the cell nucleus and cytoplasm as two stochastic and continuous Petri nets, respectively, combined together into a single HPN. We use simulative model checking to verify three different properties that capture the dynamical behavior of p53 protein with respect to the intensity of the ionizing radiation (IR) to which the cell is exposed. For each IR dose, 1000 simulation runs are carried out to verify each property. Our verification results showed that the fluctuations in p53, which relies on IR intensity, are compatible with the findings of the preceding simulation studies that have previously examined the role of p53 in cell fate decision.

The preparation of a novel 4-methylbenzo[h] cinnolines entity via a three-step synthetic protocol is described. Cyclization of the naphthylamidrazones, in the presence of polyphosphoric acid (PPA), furnishes the respective target benzo[h]cinnolines directly. This one-pot synthesis involves intramolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation followed by instant elimination under heating conditions. It is noteworthy that the yield of the product from this step decreases dramatically if the heating is extended beyond 3 h. The target novel cinnolone derivatives were identified by mass spectrometry and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. Subsequently, molecular docking was performed to shed light on the putative binding mode of the newly synthesized cinnolines. The docking results indicate that these derivatives are potential inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and the best interaction was achieved with a computational ki = 0.5 nM and posed correctly over the lexibulin.

Background: We developed a multicenter randomized observational trial to assess the effectiveness of letrozole monotherapy and the co-therapy of letrozole and gonadotropins on pregnancy outcomes including the ovulation induction, pregnancy rate, estradiol (E2) levels and endometrial thickness in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).Methods:At three in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers in Egypt, we conducted our study since May 2019 until we have recruited the planned number of patients. Infertile PCOS patients were recruited after they met our criteria. We had two intervention groups based on the treatment regimen.Moreover, baseline parameters, outcomes, and hormonal assessment was conducted throughout the study period. Results: We included 90 patients in this study and were equally randomized into two groups; the letrozole monotherapy (Group A) and the letrozole with gonadotropins (Group B) groups. The mean age was significantly higher in group A [26 (±3.5)] than group B [24.2 (±3.1)] (P= 0.015). Both groups showed resulted in similar pregnancy rates (31.1%) (P= 0.079).Moreover, group B [2.4 (±0.8)] resulted in a significantly higher (P= 0.023) mean number of follicles than group A [2.0 (±0.7)]. On the other hand, no statistical significance was estimated in terms of estradiol levels and endometrial thickness (P= 0.209 and 0.485, respectively).

Background: Pneumonia represents a significant public health problem in the whole world, and it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children. Disease severity and clinical outcome prediction are required in pneumonia to manage health resources and give effective treatment options. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a marker of the recently used oxidant-antioxidant mechanism and has been found toin crease in many inflammatory conditions. Procalcitonin (PCT) is released as a part of the pro-inflammatory response of the innate immune system from parenchymal cells reaching detectable levels within 4 h after endotoxin stimulation. Objectives: This study examined IMA and PCT levels in patients with pneumonia, in comparison with healthy controls and their possible association with disease severity and outcome. Methods: A total of 90 cases of pneumonia and 90 controls were included in this cohort observational study, and severity grading was performed according to pediatric respiratory severity score (PRESS). Serum IMA and PCT were evaluated in all study subjects. Results: In pneumonia, IMA levels were significantly elevated as compared with controls, and it was elevated in died patients compared to those who were discharged.IMA showed a significant positive correlation with PRESS.

Background: Coexistence of bronchial asthma and allergic nasal polyposis make both disorders more difficult to control with more exacerbation and more eosinophilic inflammation. Aim: to assess the coexistence of subclinical bronchial asthma in patients with allergic nasal polyp refractory to medical therapy and to identify those at risk of developing asthma. Subjects and methods: A case-control study was conducted on 60 allergic nasal polyp patients and 60 healthy subjects. All of them were assessed by peripheral eosinophils%, allergic rhinitis score (SFAR), NOSE-score, endoscopic-sinus examination, sinus computed tomography using Lund and Mackey scoring-system, asthma screening questionnaire (ASQ), spirometric-indices, and histopathological examination of endoscopically removed polyps. Results: Patients with allergic nasal polyps had significantly lower spirometric-indices than controls. Subclinical asthma was significantly common in patient group than controls (61.7% vs. 10%), it was of mild and moderate severity (83.8% and 16.2%). Allergic nasal polyp patients with coexistence of asthma had significantly higher peripheral eosinophils %, SFAR-score, NOSE-score, Lund and Mackey CT-score, and ASQ score (10, 39.7, 40.5, 40, and 40.1) than patients without asthma (15.2, 15.7, 15.2 and14.1). Moreover, they had significantly common eosinophilic-predominate pathological subtypes (81.1%).

Although skin infections are usually uncomplicated, it may indicate systemic disease or lead to life-threatening systemic infections. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of skin infectio...

Three cooking techniques (pan frying in corn oil, roasting in a Halogen convection oven, and grilling in a double jacket electric grill) were evaluated for their effect on the quality attributes (cooking characteristics, chemical composition, fatty acids, amino acids, physicochemical properties, microbiological activity, sensory evaluation, and cost-profit analysis) of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) burgers. The Nile tilapia weighed an average of 500 grams and contained 52.13% edible flesh. There were no significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in the proximate chemical composition of roasted and grilled burgers. While, the frying technique and both other cooking techniques differs significantly (p ≤ 0.05). In terms of pH, total volatile base nitrogen, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values, there were no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the three cooking techniques. During the frying process, the fatty acids and amino acids content of the fish burgers was considerably influenced. The results of the sensory evaluation of fish burgers revealed that fried and grilled burgers had better color, odor, appearance, and overall acceptability than roasted burgers. The Nile tilapia burgers were proven to be good for human eating, roasted and grilled as cooking methods for a healthy diet. The current research paves the way for optimal use of this product with profit margin 83.33%, especially during the peak of fishing season.

Biochemical assay, microbial load determination, and sensory evaluation of Egyptian Catfish fillets were examined during frozen storage at -18 oC up to 12 months. The initial chemical composition of Catfish fillet was moisture 73.01%, protein 80.96%, Crude oil 09.52%, crude ash 7.30%, and total carbohydrate 2.11%. The frozen storage process showed a significant effect on the chemical composition of studied Catfish fillets. pH and WHC values were decreased significantly whereas the TVBN and TBA values significantly increased in Catfish fillets with prolong of storage period. The microbial activities decreased during frozen storage. The total bacterial counts were 4.10, 2.11 and 2.71 (cfu×103/g) in the zero, 6 and 12 months for frozen Catfish fillets, respectively. All sensory characteristics except taste and overall acceptability were significantly decreased at the end of the storage period. This study is highly significant to fulfil the consumer issue concerning the time it takes to preserve Catfish fillets without damaging public health in domestic freezers.

The objective of this study was to determine whether quercetin, a polyphenol, could protect rats from nitrite's harmful effects. Methodologies: During the course of this investigation, twenty-one albino female rats have been used. The animals were placed in one of the three groups, which each had a total of seven rats. The groups were selected at random. Group, I received water throughout the duration of the experiment and was regarded as the healthy control group. The animals in Group II were given a solution containing 50 milligrams of sodium nitrite per kilogram of body weight via a gavage needle For the whole period of the study while those in Group III were given a solution containing both 50 milligrams of sodium nitrite per kilogram of body weight and 100 milligrams of quercetin per kilogram of rat weight. Blood samples were analyzed inflammatory markers including interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as biochemical markers including liver enzymes , urea, and serum creatinine.

50 male Wistar albino rats were subjected to DOX toxicity via administration of singleOur data revealed that VIN succeeded in protecting the heart against DOX induced damage as manifested by significant decrease of cardiac enzymes, hypoxia inducible factor alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and caspase3 levels. Furthermore, VIN given group showed marked improvement of the histopathological changes of cardiac injury, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), elevation of reduced glutathione (GSH), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1).We concluded that VIN could ameliorate DOX induced cardiac damage and this effect may be attributed to modulation of HIF/VEGF signaling pathway, up-regulation of cGMP/cAMP/SIRT pathway, inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzyme, besides its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties.

This paper introduces the technology of cloud computing, and the challenges and opportunities associated with it, it also finds solutions for security and high cost issues. In this paper we use open source tools to build an environment for cloud computing, it also solves the aforementioned cloud problems in addition to providing an enormous storage capacity.

This study deals with the linguistic analysis of some translation problems in the short story collection "Novelle per un anno" by the author Luigi Pirandello, translated into Arabic by the Libyan linguist Khalifa Tillisi. The aim of the thesis is to highlight the lexical linguistic difficulties encountered and the translation procedures used in the translation, from Italian into Arabic, by the translator during the translation process, trying to find more suitable and convenient alternatives. The research is divided into introduction, chapter and conclusion. In the introduction I will deal with the concept of semantics and its importance in translation, especially the literary one. Then in the research itself I will throw light on the semantic problems concerning the translation of the names manifested in the Arabic version. Then, in the conclusion, the results of the research will be presented. I hope with this study that I can contributed at least in part to clarify to the reader of translations what must be taken into account in order to avoid the translation problems encountered in the translation of names in a certain context.

High-throughput sequencing technologies (HSTs) have revolutionized crop breeding. The advent of these technologies has enabled the identification of beneficial quantitative trait loci (QTL), genes, and alleles for crop improvement. Climate change have made a significant effect on the global maize yield. To date, the well-known omic approaches such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are being incorporated in maize breeding studies. These approaches have identified novel biological markers that are being utilized for maize improvement against various abiotic stresses. This review discusses the current information on the morpho-physiological and molecular mechanism of abiotic stress tolerance in maize. The utilization of omics approaches to improve abiotic stress tolerance in maize is highlighted. As compared to single approach, the integration of multi-omics offers a great potential in addressing the challenges of abiotic stresses of maize productivity.

In this study, first-principles calculations have been used to study the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of chalcogenide perovskite ABS3 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; B = Si, Ge, Sn) in the triclinic phase. The structural stabilities of perovskite were investigated through Goldschmidt’s tolerance factor (t) and phonon dispersion. It was indicated that all of the investigated materials construct stable perovskite structures. The mechanical properties of chalcogenide perovskites ABS3 were systematically investigated by density functional theory (DFT). The DFT method was considered within the meta-generalized gradient approximation revTPSS. The elastic properties of materials give the data necessary in understanding the bonding property between adjacent atomic planes, stiffness, bonding anisotropic, and structural stability of the material. The independent elastic constants Cij have been used for the prediction of mechanical properties like bulk modulus (B), Shear modulus (G), Young’s modulus (E) Poisson’s ratio (ν), and the universal anisotropic index (AU). The mechanical stability, brittleness, and ductility behaviors of materials were discussed. The covalent, ionic, and metallic nature of the materials were also discussed. The thermodynamic parameters including heat capacity, entropy, enthalpy, and free energy were also computed and discussed with a wide range of temperatures (0–1000 K).

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represents a mysterious neuropsychiatric alarming concern due to indefinite etiopathogenesis among children. Notably, the studies which investigated the correlation between ADHD and parasitic infections are insufficient. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the correlation between ADHD and some tissue dwelling and intestinal parasitic infections in children. The study was conducted on 200 children, including 100 children suffering from ADHD (Group I) and 100 healthy children as a control group (Group II). All caregivers fulfilled predesigned sociodemographic form and Conners parent rating scale (CPRS-48) questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to determine hemoglobin level as well as relative eosinophilic count. The presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and anti-Toxocara IgG in serum by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was further investigated. Also, micronutrients as zinc, iron, and copper levels were measured. Schistosoma antigen was investigated in urine samples. Stool samples were subjected to direct wet smear, concentration technique and modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining for coccidian parasites detection. Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica antigens were investigated in stool samples. Group I expressed more liability to sociodemographic risk factors, decreased levels of Hb, iron, zinc, and copper with statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Comparison between Group I and Group II regarding the detected parasitic infections exhibited statistically significant difference except Schistosoma antigen positivity which expressed no statistical significance. The present study concluded that the parasitic infections with their consequences are potential risk factors in children with ADHD indicating that their early diagnosis and treatment may help in ADHD prevention.

During recent decades, focus has increased on biodiesel production from wastes or other nonedible resources. The high expense of the manufacturing process is one of the major obstacles it faces. So, continuous research for cheaper and safer resources is more important. Seed oil from various vegetables and fruit species has garnered a lot of: attention recently in the production of biodiesel, such as date palm. The date palm is. one of the most. popular fruits in the Middle East Egypt has recorded now as the highest countries production of dates. The oil of date seeds (DSO) has high concentrations of fatty acids and minerals. In biodiesel production, lipid extraction is an important step. But the advanced extraction techniques are preferred to protect human health and the environment. Therefore, the demand for innovative and environmentally friendly products is now necessary. Transesterification is the process in which oils (mostly triglycerides) bond with alcohol in the existence of a catalyst to form an alkyl ester. Synthesizing the green catalyst and utilizing it in the manufacture of biodiesel have a great added value. The high yield of biodiesel supports the catalyst suitability for the transesterification reaction. Immobilized lipase, moreover, plays a critical function in the transesterification process, that it is more effective and safer. DSO is being studied to see if its fatty acid profile or physicochemical properties suggest it could be a suitable biodiesel source.

Crop growth largely depends on radiation. Radiation is the main impetus for photosynthesis and movement of photosynthates from source to sink. Therefore, identification of the optimum sowing windows and suitable cultivars for efficient utilization of radiation is of prime importance. A field study was conducted in red clay soil during 2014 and 2015 Kharif season and the treatments consisted of three genotypes and three sowing windows by using randomized complete block design with three replications. The effect of genotypes and sowing windows was found significant with respect to number of trifoliate leaves, leaf area ratio, dry matter production, grain numbers, pod length, test weight, grain yield, and stover yield of guar during 2014 as compared to 2015 sown crop. Statistically significant plant height, number of trifoliate leaves, number of branches, leaf area ratio, absolute growth rate, leaf area index, dry matter, grain number, pod length, grain yield, stover yield and a higher cumulative radiation interception were recorded with 15th August sown crop as compared to other sowing windows. The plant height, number of trifoliate leaves, number of branches, leaf area ratio, absolute growth rate, leaf area index, dry matter, grain number, pod length, grain yield, stover yield and maximum cumulative interception of radiation were significant with RGC-1003as compared to RGC-936 andHG-365. It is observed that the incident PAR to dry matter accumulation conversion efficiency was varied with cultivars and different sowing windows and which ranges from 0.74 g MJ-1 to 0.79 g MJ-1.

Background: Vitamin D is a neurosteroid hormone of a central role in CNS development and function and its insuffi-ciency is associated with cognitive impairments. Major De-pression Disorder (MDD) is a mental disorder that is affected by diet and nutritional factors. Aim of Study: The present study was carried out to assess the levels of vitamin D in depressive psychotic female patients and to compare its levels with the control group. Subjects and Methods: Eighty female subjects participated in this study, 40 inpatients in Abou Al-Azayem Psychiatric Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, suffering from major depressive disorder, and 40 healthy control volunteers. Vitamin D con-centration, Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, creatinine and fasting glucose were evaluated in serum. Results: The results showed that vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the depressive psychotic group compared to the control group. Meanwhile, there were significant increases in urea concentrations in the depressive group compared to the control one. The two groups (depressive psychotic and control) on the other hand, showed insignificant changes in TSH, AST, ALT, creatinine and fasting glucose levels. Conclusion: Depressive psychotic patients suffered from vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency therefore, vitamin D supplementation maybe effective in the treatment of depression and lowering the depressive symptoms.

This paper aimed to investigate the effect of e-Learning practices during the Covid-19 pandemic on enhancing SRL skills as perceived by university students. One hundred –eighty students participated. They aged from 19-21 years ( M=20.3 years, SD= 2.01). An electronic questionnaire using (Google doc) was developed, and distributed it electronically via social networking sites, and a total of (180) responses were manipulated. A descriptive and analytical approach was employed, for its relevance to the topic and objectives of the study, as it studies a phenomenon, event or issue that currently exists from which information can be obtained that answers the research questions without the researcher's intervention. It is evident that the score of individuals for the role of electronic teaching practices during the Corona pandemic in enhancing their SRL skills was average at a relative weight (68.42%). There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤ 0.05) between the average scores of the sample members ’assessment of the role of electronic teaching practices during the Corona pandemic in enhancing their SRL skills due to the Major variable.

This work aims to study the technical problems of algal blooms that hinder the purification process of surface water used for drinking purposes and not its harmful effect on human health and the surrounding environment. It is also related to the demonstration of the improved coagulation process as an efficient technique in the algal removal from surface water by its application in jar tests. The study was carried out in the water purification plant in Nazlet Abdellah near the city of Assiut, Egypt. To achieve that, many ores and natural materials which aid in the removing of the algal blooms from surface water during the purification processes were tested. The examined materials should be technically and economically proper for improving the removal of algae from treated surface water for drinking purposes. The results showed that the kaolinite and bentonite (K and B) when coupled separately with aluminum sulfate (alum.) (the main coagulant agent) associated with the raw surface water in the flocculation basin were more efficient in the algae removal from treated surface water before reaching the sand filters by ratio up to 90%.

Dermatological ailments are a major health problem, especially when related to human immune deficiency syndrome and acquired immune deficiency. The goal of this study was to identify the medicinal plants used by the indigenous peoples of the Northwestern Himalayas to treat dermatological diseases. Several field trips were conducted in the spring and summer seasons of 2020–2021 to collect the plants of dermatological value and information about their use through open-ended semi-structured interviews (n = 53) and group discussions (n = 33). The current investigation found 64 ethnomedicinal plants belonging to 34 families commonly used to treat a variety of dermatological ailments. The main growth form was herbs (80%), followed by trees (8%) and ferns (6%). It was found that leaves (51%) were the most commonly used plant part, followed by roots and the whole plant. Wound healing was the most dominant application, with 18 plant species used, followed by skin burns cured by 11 plant species and skin boils by eight plant species. Out of the total (18%) of medicinal plants with cosmetic uses, i.e., roots of Jurinea dolomiaea, Rheum webbianum, and Rheum spiciforme were crushed into powder and mixed with turmeric, and the paste is applied topically for glowing skin. Among the various preparation methods, paste (38%) was the most common way of preparation, followed by poultice (29%) and infusion (9%). Between ethnic groups, the maximum homogeneity was between Gujjar and Bakarwal ethnic groups (23 species, 36%), followed by Gujjars and Kashmiri (14 species, 22%). Bakarwals and Gujjar people live in the same geographical location, and they graze their animals in pastures, practice extensive transhumance pastoralism, and pass through different ecological landscapes, thus having sufficient experiences with certain plants and retaining more knowledge. The species identified with the highest utilization based on the number of citations and use value included Ficus carica, Cichorium intybus, Euphorbia wallichii, Pinus wallichiana, Plantago major, Jurinea dolomiaea, and Artemisia absinthium. The findings of this study demonstrate that people who reside in the Northwestern Himalayas region still rely on medicinal plants.

DownoadedFomP125171694ondaed27Oc2021 According to the World Health Organization, the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID 19 has caused a pandemic around the world. The rapid infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. Till now, there is no treatment available. This contribution focuses on specific phytochemicals, essential oils and probiotics against SARS-CoV-2. Different electronic scientific databases and search engines were employed. The potential effects of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and essential oils from different edible sources as well as probiotics against SARS-CoV-2 and coronaviruses have been reviewed. Inhibition mechanisms on SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses either experimented or predicted by molecular docking modeling software were presented. The confirmed compounds belong to the alkaloids, tannins and terpenoides bioactive classes as pedunculagin, tercatain, punicalin, punicalagin, punicalin, geraniin, chebulagic acid, punicalagin, emetine and ginkgolide A can be preventing the infection or introducing treatments against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. Lactobacillus plantarum strain N4, Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415, Lactobacillus salivarius prevented the infection by trapping the coronavirus or stimulated the cellular defense by the production of nitric oxide. Utilize the rich plants with bioactive compounds or use them in the preparation of functional foods is a simple way to provide people with protection against SARS-COV-2.

High-throughput sequencing technologies (HSTs) have revolutionized crop breeding. The advent of these technologies has enabled the identification of beneficial quantitative trait loci (QTL), genes, and alleles for crop improvement. Climate change have made a significant effect on the global maize yield. To date, the well-known omic approaches such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are being incorporated in maize breeding studies. These approaches have identified novel biological markers that are being utilized for maize improvement against various abiotic stresses. This review discusses the current information on the morpho-physiological and molecular mechanism of abiotic stress tolerance in maize. The utilization of omics approaches to improve abiotic stress tolerance in maize is highlighted. As compared to single approach, the integration of multi-omics offers a great potential in addressing the challenges of abiotic stresses of maize productivity.

Human Group IIA secreted phospholipase A

Plants often face incompatible growing environments like drought, salinity, cold, frost, and elevated temperatures that affect plant growth and development leading to low yield and, in worse circumstances, plant death. The arsenal of versatile compounds for plant consumption and structure is called metabolites, which allows them to develop strategies to stop enemies, fight pathogens, replace their competitors and go beyond environmental restraints. These elements are formed under particular abiotic stresses like flooding, heat, drought, cold, etc., and biotic stress such as a pathogenic attack, thus associated with survival strategy of plants. Stress responses of plants are vigorous and include multifaceted crosstalk between different levels of regulation, including regulation of metabolism and expression of genes for morphological and physiological adaptation. To date, many of these compounds and their biosynthetic pathways have been found in the plant kingdom. Metabolites like amino acids, phenolics, hormones, polyamines, compatible solutes, antioxidants, pathogen related proteins (PR proteins), etc. are crucial for growth, stress tolerance, and plant defense. This review focuses on promising metabolites involved in stress tolerance under severe conditions and events signaling the mediation of stress-induced metabolic changes are presented.

Powdery mildew is an omnipresent disease that reduces the yield and quality of pea crops (Pisum sativum L.). To examine the powdery mildew pathogen’s morphological, molecular, and genetic diversity, we collected samples of powdery mildew-affected pea crops from ten distinct locations in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, India. The pathogen Erysiphe pisi was identified morphologically based on anamorphic characters. Molecular identification of E. pisi isolates was befitted by targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA and specific primers of powdery mildew fungi. The genetic variation between ten different E. pisi isolates collected from topographically distinct mountainous areas was studied using random amplified polymorphic (RAPD). Based on its morphological characteristics, the powdery mildew fungus presented high similarities to E. pisi. Molecular characterization of the ITS rDNA of E. pisi produced 650 bp nucleotides, PMITS (powdery mildew-internal transcribed region) primers produced 700 bp nucleotides, and an Erysiphe specific ITS primer pair amplified and synthesized 560 bp nucleotides. According to the findings, the collected E. pisi strains exhibited a low level of genetic diversity and only a slight differential in virulence on the host. In the study, E. pisi isolates from Anumapuram, Emerald Valley, Indira Nagar, and Thuneri showed a greater disease incidence in the natural field conditions and shared the same genetic lineage with other isolates in UPGMA hierarchical cluster analysis based on RAPD markers. There was no evidence of a link between the occurrence of the disease and these grouped populations.

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) presents a significant burden in infancy and childhood, that effect on growth and development. Aim of this study: was to assess mothers’ knowledge and practices regarding their children suffering from iron deficiency anemia during weaning .Design: A descriptive design was utilized to conduct this study. Setting: the study was conducted at maternal and child health center in Bab Elsherea, and pediatric outpatient clinic at Sayed Galal hospital. Sample: A purposive sample of 160 mothers of children who suffering from iron deficiency anemia during weaning. Tools: Two tools were used to collect the data: Tool(1):A structured interviewing questionnaire to assess mothers’ knowledge about iron deficiency anemia and weaning process, Tool (2): Observational checklist to assess mothers’ reported practices about prevention of iron deficiency anemia among infant during weaning .Result: Most of studied mothers (55%) had poor knowledge about iron deficiency anemia and weaning process .while majority of them (62.5%)had inadequate practices about iron deficiency anemia and weaning process. Conclusion: It can be concluded that mothers had poor knowledge about iron deficiency anemia and weaning process and there was no statistical significant relation between mothers' knowledge about iron deficiency anemia, weaning process and mothers’ characteristics, while there was statistical significant relation between level of mothers’ practice about weaning for their infants with iron deficiency anemia and their age and level of education. Recommendation: Develop instructional guideline for mothers about breast feeding, ideal weaning schedule and care of infants with iron deficiency anemia based on the evolvement of the international evidence based criteria in maternal and child health centers. Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia, Weaning, and Children. Title: Mothers’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Their Children Suffering from Iron Deficiency Anemia during Weaning: An Assessment Study Author: Eman Zain Eldeain Abdelfatth, Safaa Salah Ismaiel, Eman Hassan Mahmoud International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing ISSN 2394-7330 Vol. 9, Issue 1, January 2022 - April 2022 Page No: 345-352 Novelty Journals Website: www.noveltyjournals.com Published date: 19-April-2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6470254, Novelty Journals (Publisher), Website: www.noveltyjournals.com, International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing, ISSN 2394-7330, {"references":["[1]\tAbd El Reheem, D. A. M., Mahmoued Soliman, N., & Melika, F. F. (2020): Iron Deficiency Anemia among Children during Weaning. Egyptian Journal of Health Care. PP. 255-272.","[2]\tJohnson, S. L. (2020):A complementary feeding and play intervention improves the home environment and mental development among toddlers in rural India. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 16, e13066","[3]\tRay, C. (2022): Impact of Key Nutrients on Brain and Executive Function Development in Infants and Toddlers: A Narrative Review. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 10(1), 19-26.","[4]\tJones, A. D. (2018): Leveraging smallholder livestock production to reduce anemia: A qualitative study of three agroecological zones in Ghana. Social Science & Medicine, 212, 191-202.","[5]\tGottrand, F. (2021): Weaning children from prolonged enteral nutrition: A position paper. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1-11.","[6]\tAhmed, F. (2015): Efficacy of twice-weekly multipli micronutrient supplementation for improving the hemoglobin and micronutrient status of anemic adolesent schoolgirls in bangladesh.Am J ClinNutr, 829-835","[7]\tMurye,JW.(2014):The prevalence of iron deficiency and associated factors in children aged 6-9 months in central equatorial state, Juba-south, Sudan. Master of Science in Applied Human Nutrition of the University of Nairobo,p48.","[8]\tUNICEF/ Egypt, (2015): Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. Egypt demography and health survey. Available at www.unicef.org/ Egypt. Last accessed 4\\2016","[9]\tNgimbudzi, E.B., Lukumay, A.M., Muriithi, A.W et al (2016): Mothers' Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices on Causes and Prevention of Anaemia in Children Aged 6 - 59 Months: A Case Study at Mkuranga District Hospital, Tanzania. Open Journal of Nursing; 6: 342-352.","[10]\tSailaja, K., Reddy, K., Reddy, K., et al. (2017). Iron deficiency anaemia in young children (6 to 23 months) in relation to complementary feeding practices in rural Telangana, India. Int J Contemp Pediatr; 4(4): 1240-1244.","[11]\tSemenova, G. (2015): Breastfeeding and weaning practices of mothers and infants in Uzbekistan. Food and Nutrition Bulletin; 22 (2): The United Nations University; pp. 190-202.","[12]\tBaş, N., Karatay, G., Arikan, D. (2017): Weaning practices of mothers in eastern Turkey. J Pediatr (Rio J); 1-6.","[13]\tGomes, C. S., 2021): Health Benefits and Risks of Minerals: Bioavailability, Bio-Essentiality, Toxicity, and Pathologies. In Minerals latu sensu and Human Health (pp. 81-179)."]}

At present, the majority of APIs synthesized today remain challenging tasks for formulation development. Many technologies are being utilized or explored for enhancing solubility, such as chemical modification, novel drug delivery systems (microemulsions, nanoparticles, liposomes, etc.), salt formation, and many more. One promising avenue attaining attention presently is supersaturated drug delivery systems. When exposed to gastrointestinal fluids, drug concentration exceeds equilibrium solubility and a supersaturation state is maintained long enough to be absorbed, enhancing bioavailability. In this review, the latest developments in supersaturated drug delivery systems are addressed in depth.

Coronavirus pandemic has posed challenges in evaluating students’ performance in educational institutions all over the world. Therefore, university instructors may encounter some problems in evaluating their students fairly through online teaching since it was not an easy task before this worldly crisis. The current study aims at investigating the perspectives of instructors who teach translation courses at some Saudi universities towards the followed evaluation methods in teaching translation courses during Coronavirus pandemic. Two methods were used to collect data: simple observation and online questionnaire. The participants were 21 instructors from 10 Saudi universities. The findings of this study show that using machine translation and CAT tools by students in doing assessment tasks does not guarantee fairness among students during Coronavirus pandemic regardless of the nature of translation courses. In addition, online exams and assignments are less fair to show the individual differences among students compared with written exams before Coronavirus pandemic. To evaluate students’ performance in translation courses fairly, the participants of this study suggested some solutions such as modifying questions' patterns of some translation exams and assignments to cope with online teaching, emphasizing the importance of live sessions and online participation as assessment tasks for students during Coronavirus pandemic, using other evaluation methods such as live oral assessment, editing texts, multiple choice editing questions, etc. The study concludes with some recommendations for future research.

Background: The umbilical cord (UC) is the lifeline between the fetus and placenta. It allows gas and nutrient exchange. Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder that occurs during pregnancy, it has complications on both mother and fetus. The changes in the structure of UC with diabetes may have effect on the viability of the fetus.Aim of the Work: Is to study the effect of gestational diabetes on the histological structure of UC.Patients and Methods: The umbilical cord biopsies were collected immediately after delivery from 30 full term pregnant women, 15 normal pregnant females (Control group), and 15 pregnant women had gestational diabetes (Diabetic group). Informed written consent was taken from all pregnant women sharing in this study. These biopsies were processed for light and electron microscopic studies. Also morphometric and statistical analysis for the data were done.Results: Light microscopic study of diabetic UC samples showed degeneration of Wharton’s jelly fibers with formation of honey comb like empty spaces. Erosion of endothelial cells lined the umbilical vessels; with separation of their smooth muscle fibers were observed. There were degeneration of collagen fibers and decrease amount of elastic fibers in the wall of umbilical vessels. Morphometric studies showed significant decrease in the intima and media thickness in diabetic UC arteries compared to UC control arteries. The UC vein of diabetic samples showed significant dilatation of the lumen and thinner wall compared to that of control group.Conclusion: The present study proved that gestational diabetes has many injurious effects on histological structure of UC.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and maintain balance and posture. CP is the most common motor disability in childhood. Cerebral means having to do with the brain. Palsy means weakness or problems with using the muscles. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate dietary counseling program for mothers of children with cerebral palsy through, assess mothers' knowledge and practices regarding to cerebral palsy; and appraise dietary counseling program for mothers of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Setting: This study conducted at faculty of physical therapy of Cairo University and neuro outpatient clinic in Sayed Galal hospital at Bab-AL-Shareya Cairo, Egypt. Design: A quasi experimental design was used. Subject: This study included seventy mothers of children with cerebral palsy came to neuro outpatient clinic at faculty of physical therapy of Cairo university and fifty mothers of children with cerebral palsy from neuro outpatient clinic in Sayed Galal hospital at Bab-AL-Shareya Cairo, Egypt. Tools: An interview questionnaire tool used in this study pre and post dietary counseling program, include three parts, I) socio-demographic characteristics for mothers of children with cerebral palsy; II) Mothers’ knowledge (pre and post) regarding to cerebral palsy; and III) Mothers' reported practices regarding dietary counseling program for their children with cerebral palsy. Results: an improvement of mothers' Knowledge and reported practice post dietary program than pre the program, the mothers' Knowledge mean and standard deviation pre-program is (53.0702 ± 29.77748), while post-program is89.3202 ± 11.68589 with highly statistically significant differences, also the mothers' reported practice mean and standard deviation pre-program is (42.6667 ± 27.76653), and post-program is (75.0833 ± 20.29181) with highly statistically significant differences. Conclusion Mothers' knowledge and reported practices toward their children with cerebral palsy improved significantly post implementation of the dietary program. Recommended: Periodically dietary counseling program for mothers help to improve their practices for enhancement of dietary condition for their children with cerebral palsy and reduce the complications of cerebral palsy and malnutrition

Beehives are exposed to the risk of pesticide contamination by honey bee workers who transport polluted pollens and nectar to the hive. This work illustrated the hazardous effects of two pesticides, avermectin (broklen pure) and chlorpyrifos (ictafos) on flight muscles of bee workers, Apis. mellifera. Muscle fibers of insects treated with ictafos appeared more susceptible than treated with broklen pure. They appeared irreversible damage, degeneration, and necrosis of the sarcostyles, sarcosomes, and nuclei after treated with ictafos. While broklen pure s induced some fragmentation of nucleus damage, cellular membranes, and sarcosomes. Additionally, ictafos induced more significant effects on bee workers bioenergetics than broklen pure. It induced not only a significant reduction in gross energy (GE), crude fiber (CF) but also a highly significant reduction in crude protein (CP). However, it induced a highly significant increase in nitrogen-free extracts (NFE) compared with the control. Finally, we recommend prohibiting the use of ictafos as a pesticide in agricultural products.

This paper focuses on some factors that affect the gut bacterial communities of Plodia interpunctella and their role in the removal of plastic polymer concentrations to make a clean environment. Counting of midgut bacteria from P. interpunctella reared on different diets exhibited that wheat bran gave a significantly higher number of colonies than other diets (84 × 102 CFU/gut). Histological midgut studies on control fully grown larvae showed different shapes of epithelial cells, elongated or pyramidal, and few numbers of oval regenerative cells. Various secretions are released from the apical margin of the cells. The peritrophic membrane cannot be detected and large numbers of bacteria occupied the midgut lumen. While, irradiated larvae with 250 Gy revealed sever damaged midgut cells, some cells appeared swollen and the others fused as heterogeneous mass. Besides, ruptured of peritrophic membrane and very reduction in the bacterial population were appeared in the lumen. In this respect, two bacterial isolates were isolated from the midgut larvae and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing with accession number NR 146667.2 and NR 112686.1, as Enterobacter tabaci strain YIM Hb-3(B1) and Bacillus subtilis subsp. Spizizenii strain NBRC 101239(B2), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed alterations in the polyethylene during 60 days of incubation. Two bacterial strains showed damaging effects on plastic including cavities and pits on the surface of plastic pieces increased with the time of treatment. Moreover, the formation of carbonyl groups was verified using a fourier transform infrared imaging microscope.

Background: Cisplatin is widely used for cancer treatment. Cisplatin induces cytotoxicity for cancer cells and normal cells.Yeast as an alternative cancer therapy may have less side effects.Aim of the Study: To estimate the synergistic efficacy of Yeast and Cisplatin against carcinoma mass induced on the skeletal muscle of adult male albino mice through detection of the histological changes in the skeletal muscle.Material and Methods: Fifty male albino mice, were divided into five equal groups. GI; Control group. The rest of animalswere inoculated intramuscularly with 0.2 ml Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in the right thigh at day 1. A solid mass appearedon the 10th day. These animals were divided into four groups: G II; The untreated group. G III; Treated with Cisplatin (3 mg/kg /week) intra peritoneally. G IV; Were injected IM with 1ml of Heat-killed non-pathogenic yeast suspension1 x 107 cells/ml, 3times /week .G V; Injected by Yeast and Cisplatin in the same previous doses. All therapies were given from the11thday until day 35th. Histological studies were done using H&E stain, Masson's trichrome stain and BCL2immunohistochemical reaction. Morphometric and statistical studies were performed.Results: Muscle fibers in GII appeared thinner, deformed, widely separated and infiltrated by leucocytes. Compact sheets of tumor cells showed pleomorphism and numbers of abnormal mitotic figures. Muscle fibers of GIII were fragmented, widely separated and developed signs of necrosis but tumor cells were less numerous. Considerable inflammatory reaction was also noticed. GIV and GV showed improvement in the histological pictures of muscle fibers. The tumor cells were relatively less than those of GII. The muscle fibers partially regained their normal appearance.Conclusion: Heat-killed non-pathogenic yeast enhanced the cytotoxic activity of Cisplatin and potentiate the benefit of using a combination of low-dose Cisplatin and heat-killed non-pathogenic yeast in treatment of cancer.

The current laboratory work studied the effect of radio frequency of atmospheric plasma on red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Order: Coleopteran, Family: Tenebrionidae), under the influence of three different factors. Two types of inert gas, helium (He) and argon (Ar), two levels of power (50,100 watt) and different exposure times (0, 20, 40, 60 or 90 s). The results indicated that plasma has a lethal effect on the pest, a positive relationship was observed between exposure times and average mortality with two power levels. The highest adult mortality 100% occurred in He- plasma treatment for 90 s at 100-watt power level after 24 h of treatment. An increase in exposure time to the plasma caused a gradual decrease in first progeny (F1) for both inert gases. The reduction in F1was dependent upon both time of exposure and power level during the irradiation. These results demonstrate that radio frequency atmospheric plasma might be a promising non-chemical method for pest control and could be incorporated into this pest management.

The bio-cell cycle is controlled by a complex biochemical network of signaling pathways. Modeling such challenging networks accurately is imperative for the understanding of their detailed dynamical behavior. In this paper, we construct, analyze, and verify a hybrid Petri net (HPN) model of a complex biochemical network that captures the role of an important protein (namely p53) in deciding the fate of the cell. We model the behavior of the cell nucleus and cytoplasm as two stochastic and continuous Petri nets, respectively, combined together into a single HPN. We use simulative model checking to verify three different properties that capture the dynamical behavior of p53 protein with respect to the intensity of the ionizing radiation (IR) to which the cell is exposed. For each IR dose, 1000 simulation runs are carried out to verify each property. Our verification results showed that the fluctuations in p53, which relies on IR intensity, are compatible with the findings of the preceding simulation studies that have previously examined the role of p53 in cell fate decision.

Water scarcity has critically augmented the need for the exploration of alternative irrigation sources mainly in water-scarce regions. This water scarcity has put tremendous pressure on the agri-based economy of countries such as Pakistan. The reuse of sewage wastewater has been appearing as the only alternative water source, which can lessen our dependence upon freshwater (FW). The current study aimed to scrutinize the influence of treated wastewater (TWW) and untreated wastewater (UTWW) irrigation on the nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, and Na) concentration in different plant parts, i.e., roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, of four scented

Dietary food components have the ability to affect immune function; following absorption, specifically orally ingested dietary food containing lectins can systemically modulate the immune cells and affect the response to self- and co-administered food antigens. The mannose-binding lectins from garlic (

Heavy metal(oid)s (HMs) contamination in soil directly related to food contamination and human health. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of HMs accumulation in eggplant irrigated through different water sources. Water samples were collected from three distinct sources, namely urban and rural sewage, urban and rural canal water, and urban and rural tube well water. A total of 20, 9, and 6 samples were obtained from each respective source. Soil samples were collected, with three replications each, from two layers i.e., 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm depth. Results depicted that, in irrigation water samples, turbidity was in this order: sewage water > canal water > tube well samples, while average total dissolved solids TDS) was in this order: canal water > sewage water > and tube well water. The overall HMs concentrations in all three sources of irrigation water samples were above the permissible limits of Punjab Environmental Quality Standards PEQs). The level of HMs in vegetables varies by the ability of plants to selectively translocate from the contaminated soil to the plant’s fruit (eggplant). Overall, the translocation factor of HMs in plant samples was in this order: Cadmium (Cd) > Zinc (Zn) > Nickel (Ni) > Iron (Fe) > Lead (Pb). On the basis of this study, it is concluded that irrigation source, especially sewage, is a major source of heavy metal contamination in eggplant. The study highlights the need for further research on gaps in the implementation of policies for irrigation water quality.

Drought is a key abiotic stress that confines agriculture development worldwide. Silicon (Si) is commonly considered to be a valuable element for resistance against drought and for sustainable agriculture. To investigate the morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Gerbera jamesonii plants, a pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions and exposed to water stress (60% FC) and well-watered (100% FC) conditions. Foliar application of Si was carried out after ten days (48 days after sowing) of drought treatment and was repeated weekly, while well-water was regarded as control. Water deficiency significantly abridged the morphological attributes, pigments, and stress-related metabolites and negatively affected the photosynthetic apparatus in drought-stressed gerbera plants. However, Si supplementation by 40 mg L−1 produced increased leaf area (31%), stem length (25%), flower diameter (22%), plant fresh biomass (17%), total chlorophyll (48%), and concentration of carotenoids (54%) in water-stressed plants. Similarly, the accretion of a total free amino acid (41%) and the activities of peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glycinebetaine, total soluble proteins, total free proline, and malondialdehyde were enhanced by 44%, 31%, 53%, 33%, 330%, 61%, 51%, and 66%, respectively, under drought stress in comparison with control conditions. Meanwhile, the photosynthetic rate (89%), the transpiration rate (12%), and stomatal conductance (55%) were significantly enhanced in water-deficit gerbera leaves with Si supplementation. This study proposes that the foliar application of Si is a viable and convenient method of improving the performance of elegant gerbera flower plants in regions of the world that are facing severe water deficiency.

Wild edible food plants (WFPs) are valuable resources in the traditional food systems of many local cultures worldwide, particularly in underdeveloped regions. Understanding patterns of food preferences requires conducting cross-cultural food studies among various ethnic groups in a specific area. In this context, the current study aimed to record WFP use among five ethnic groups in Punjab, Pakistan, by interviewing 175 informants selected through snowball sampling. The indicator food species for different ethnic groups were calculated using indicator analysis based on the percentage of citations. A total of 71 wild food plants (WFPs) belonging to 57 genera and 27 families were observed in the study area. A high proportion of these wild food plants (WFPs) belonged to Fabaceae with eleven species (15%), followed by Moraceae with seven species (9%). Fruits were most widely used (43%), followed by leaves (19%), and shoots (16%). The majority (35 species, 49%) of plants of WFPs were eaten as cooked vegetables. A cross-cultural comparison revealed that four species overlapped among five ethnic groups (Arain, Jutt, Rajpot, Mewati, and Dogar). The Arain ethnic group gathered and consumed a remarkable number of wild plants (35 species), possibly due to a special connection with the general abundance of the local flora, and being close to nature by adopting professions more allied to WFPs in the study area. The analysis of indicator species revealed distinct significant indicator values (p ≤ 0.05) between the main food species among the various ethnic groups. Amaranthus viridis was a common indicator of food in all five ethnic groups, while Ziziphus nammularia was a common indicator food plant of the Mewati, Rajpot, and Jutt ethnic groups; these plants are important in local diets, especially during times of food scarcity brought on by disease or drought. In addition, the current study reports 20 WFPs that have been rarely documented as human food in Pakistan’s ethnobotanical literature. Future development plans should consider biocultural heritage and pay appropriate attention to local ecological knowledge, dynamics, and historical exchanges of traditional food systems.

Different types of microshoot cultures (agar, stationary liquid, agitated, and bioreactors) of