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IntroductionPhysical activity among children and adolescents remains insufficient, despite the substantial efforts made by researchers and policymakers. Identifying and furthering our understanding of potential modifiable determinants of physical activity behaviour (PAB) and sedentary behaviour (SB) is crucial for the development of interventions that promote a shift from SB to PAB. The current protocol details the process through which a series of systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses (MAs) will be conducted to produce a best-evidence statement (BESt) and inform policymakers. The overall aim is to identify modifiable determinants that are associated with changes in PAB and SB in children and adolescents (aged 5–19 years) and to quantify their effect on, or association with, PAB/SB.Methods and analysisA search will be performed in MEDLINE, SportDiscus, Web of Science, PsychINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled trials (CTs) that investigate the effect of interventions on PAB/SB and longitudinal studies that investigate the associations between modifiable determinants and PAB/SB at multiple time points will be sought. Risk of bias assessments will be performed using adapted versions of Cochrane’s RoB V.2.0 and ROBINS-I tools for RCTs and CTs, respectively, and an adapted version of the National Institute of Health’s tool for longitudinal studies. Data will be synthesised narratively and, where possible, MAs will be performed using frequentist and Bayesian statistics. Modifiable determinants will be discussed considering the settings in which they were investigated and the PAB/SB measurement methods used.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is needed as no primary data will be collected. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and academic conferences where possible. The BESt will also be shared with policy makers within the DE-PASS consortium in the first instance.Systematic review registrationCRD42021282874.

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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an experimental short-time warm-up consisting of a small number of intermittent high-intensity sprints on explosive muscle strength performance in soccer players and to identify recovery times after performing the sprints. Furthermore, we evaluated the reliability of a smartphone app in jumping performance.Methods: Twenty male soccer players were given the following tests: 1) the counter-movement jump (CMJ) test with the Microgate system, 2) the counter-movement jump (CMJ) test with the MyJump smartphone app, and 3) the handgrip strength test. The experimental short-time high-intensity warm-up was carried out 1 week after test administration. The warm-up consisted of three maximum sprints over 60 m with 120 s of recovery between sprints. Then, the tests were administered again: the vertical jump height (VJH) performances (five trials) were measured 90 s after the last sprint; the handgrip strength performances (three trials) were measured 120 s after the last vertical jump test.Results: The maximum VJH was found in the third trial of the CMJ test, 330 s after the last sprint (p < 0.01), the result closest to the baseline. The lowest VJH was found in the first trial of the CMJ test, 90 s after the last sprint (p < 0.05). Pearson’s analysis between the CMJ test with the Microgate system and the CMJ test with MyJump showed a strong correlation (R = 0.96). Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient showed a substantial concordance (ρc = 0.959) between measures.Conclusion: This experimental short-time warm-up of high-intensity intermittent sprints appears to be a simple, quick, and efficient activity to accelerate soccer players’ optimal performance.

Purpose Conservative approaches such as Schroth exercises and core stabilization exercises showed effective results in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. This study aimed to critically evaluate the magnitude effect of Schroth and core stabilization exercises using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods This study has been developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. The following three databases were searched for articles collection: Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The key search terms were: Schroth exercise, core exercise, idiopathic scoliosis, Cobb angle, angle of trunk rotation, and quality of life. The articles included in our study was limited to original articles written only in English that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) Participants with idiopathic scoliosis; (2) Schroth exercises and core stabilization exercises used as interventions; (3) Cobb angle or angle of trunk rotation or quality of life used as outcome measures. Results Thirteen studies were included. Depending on the outcome measured, the magnitude effect of Schroth and core stabilization exercises ranged from small to almost large as follows: Cobb angle (SMD = – 0.376, p ˂ 0.001); angle of trunk rotation (SMD = – 0.268, p = 0.104); quality of life (SMD = 0.774, p = 0.002). By subgroup analysis, Schroth method showed a larger effect size than core stabilization exercises. Conclusion The current systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that both Schroth method and core stabilization exercises have a positive effect in subjects with idiopathic scoliosis. Subgroup analysis showed that the Schroth method had a larger effect size than the core stabilization exercises.

Ispitivanu grupu činilo je 1247 ispitanika sa povredama prednje ukrštene veze kolena koji su operativno lečeni u periodu 2012.-2017. godina na Klinici za ortopedsku hirurgiju i traumatologiju Kliničkog centra Vojvodine. Ciljevi istraživanja bili su utvrđivanje uticaja nivoa sportske aktivnosti i mehanizama povređivanja na nastanak povreda prednje ukrštene veze kolena, zatim uticaj spoljašnjih faktora rizika (vrsta sporta, rang takmičenja, vrsta podloge, trening ili utakmica, period treninga) na nastanak povreda prednje ukrštene veze kolena, odnosno uticaj unutrašnjih faktora rizika (pol, starost, BMI) na nastanak povreda ove strukture kolena. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika njih 517 (41,5%) su činili aktivni sportisti, a 730 (58,5%) rekreativci. Značajnu većinu u posmatranom uzorku su činili muškarci (82,6%), osobe starosti od 16 do 25 godina (62,6%) i normalno uhranjenje osobe (62%). Do povrede prednje ukrštene veze došlo je kod njih 504 (40,5%) prilikom aktivnog bavljenja sportom, dok su se povrede prilikom rekreativnog bavljenja sportom dogodile kod 741 ispitanika (59,5%). Među aktivnim sportistima, više od dve trećine se takmičilo na internacionalnom ili republičkom nivou, odnosno u najvišim rangovima takmičenja. Kontaktnim kolektivnim sportovima (fudbal, košarka i rukomet) bavilo se 77,9% ispitanika. Nekontaktnim sportovima kao što su odbojka, borilački sportovi i skijanje bavilo se 22,1% ispitanika, pri čemu je najveći broj povreda nastao prilikom igranja fudbala (51,3%). Statistički značajno više povreda (i prilikom aktivnog i prilikom rekreativnog bavljenja sportom) je nastalo bez direktnog kontakta (nekontaktne povrede koje su činile 78,7% povreda), pri čemu je najveći broj povreda nastao usled promene pravca i ritma kretanja. Kod aktivnih sportista najviše povreda dogodilo se na utakmicama (73,8%), slede povrede na treningu (24,1%), dok se na rekreaciji povredilo svega 2,1% ispitanika. Značajno više povreda dogodilo se na sredini bavljenja sportskom aktivnošću (47,4%) u odnosu na povrede na zagrevanju, početku, odnosno kraju sportske aktivnosti. Povrede su značajno češće nastajale na travi (42%) i parketu (28%), nego na drugim vrstama podloge. Najveći broj ispitanika povredio se noseći patike prilikom bavljenja sportskom aktivnošću. Postoje značajne razlike u kontekstu povređivanja u zavisnosti od pola ispitanika. Žene su u značajno većem procentu povređivane prikom aktivnog bavljenja sportom, dok su se muškarci češće povređivali na rekreaciji. Žene su se najčešće povređivale na rukometu, muškarci na fudbalu. U odnosu na muškarce, kod žena su povrede znatno ređe nastajale prilikom direktnog kontakta, a kad je u pitanju mesto povređivanja, žene su se češće nego muškarci povređivale na treningu. Preko 50% žena je povređeno na parketu, dok se najveći broj muškaraca povredio na travi. Ispitanici sa prekomernom telesnom masom značajno češće su se povređivali prilikom rekreacije, dok su se normalno uhranjeni češće povređivali prilikom aktivnog bavljenja sportom. Faktori rizika za nastanak povreda prednje ukrštene veze su brojni i specifični, odnosno da za svaku populacionu kategoriju postoje rizici, ali se uočava da su u svim sportovima, na svim podlogama i kod svih ispitanika povrede najčešće nastajale nekontaknim mehanizmom povređivanja. Formiranjem registra povređenih omogućilo bi se bolje razumevanje faktora rizika i njihovog međusobnog uticaja, kao i definisanje profila osoba pod najvećim rizikom za nastanak povrede prednje ukršene veze kolena. Na taj način obezbedile bi se potrebne informacije za planiranje preventivnih programa usmerenih na smanjenje rizika od povređivanja i omogućilo bi se sprovođenje odgovarajućih mera selektivne prevencije., The study group consisted of 1247 respondents with anterior cruciate ligament injuries who were surgically treated in the period 2012-2017. at the Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina. The objectives of the study were to determine the impact of sports activity levels and injury mechanisms on the occurrence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries, then the impact of external risk factors (type of sport, competition rank, type of surface, training or match, training period) on the occurrence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries and the influence of internal risk factors (gender, age, BMI) on the occurrence of injuries of this knee structure. Out of the total number of respondents 517 (41.5%) were active athletes, and 730 (58.5%) were recreational athletes. A significant majority in the observed group were men (82.6%), persons aged 16 to 25 years (62.6%) and normal BMI respondents (62%). Anterior cruciate ligament injury occurred in 504 of them (40.5%) during active sports, while injuries during recreational sports occurred in 741 respondents (59.5%). Among active athletes, more than two thirds competed at the international or national level- in the highest ranks of the competition. Contact collective sports (football, basketball and handball) were practiced by 77.9% of respondents. 22.1% of respondents practiced non-contact sports such as volleyball, martial arts sports and skiing. The largest number of injuries occurring while playing football (51.3%). Statistically significantly more injuries (both during active and recreational sports) occurred without direct contact (noncontact injuries-78,7% of total injuries number), with the largest number of injuries caused by changes in the direction and rhythm of movement. Among active athletes, most injuries occurred in matches (73.8%), followed by injuries in training (24.1%), while only 2.1% of respondents were injured in recreation. Significantly more injuries occurred in the middle of engaging in sports activity (47.4%) compared to injuries during the warm-up, beginning and end of sports activity. Injuries occurred significantly more often on grass (42%) and floor (28%) than on other types of surfaces. Most of the respondents were injured wearing sneakers while doing sports. There are significant differences in the context of injury depending on the gender of the respondents. A significantly higher percentage of women were injured during active sports, while men were more often injured during recreational sport activities. Women were most often injured in handball, men in football. Compared to men, injuries were much less common in women during direct contact, and when it comes to the place of injury, women were injured more often than men during training acitivities. Over 50% of women were injured on the floor, while the largest number of men were injured on the grass. Subjects with overweight were significantly more likely to be injured during recreational sport acitivites, while those with normal BMI were more likely to be injured during active sports. Risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injuries are numerous and specific and there are risks for each population category, but it is noticed that in all sports, on all surfaces and in all subjects, injuries were most often caused by a noncontact injury mechanism. The formation of a Register of injuries would enable a better understanding of risk factors and their mutual influence, as well as the definition of the profile of persons at greatest risk for the occurrence of an anterior cruciate ligament injury. This would provide the necessary information for planning prevention programs aimed at reducing the risk of injury and would enable the implementation of appropriate selective prevention measures.

Primena biomarkera ćelijske energetike, uključujući indikatore metabolizma kreatina u krvi, je relativno novijeg datuma, gde se ovi indikatori koriste kao mogući pokazatelji stanja organizma pri maksimalno intenzivnim fizičkim aktivnostima. Cilj istraživanja je obuhvatao utvrđivanje efekata pojedinačnih epizoda aerobnog i anaerobnog vežbanja maksimalnog intenziteta na biomarkere perifernog zamora i ćelijske bioenergetike kod mladih muškaraca i žena. Istraživanje je dizajnirano tako da obuhvati populaciju fizički aktivnih muškaraca i žena, kao i populaciju aktivnih sportista. U prvom eksperimentalnom tretmanu fizički aktivni ispitanici muškog (n =12) i ženskog pola (n = 11) podvrgnuti su test protokolima aerobnog i anaerobnog opterećenja maksimalnog intenzivnog i kratkog trajanja. Tokom aerobnog test protokola ispitanici su trčali do maksimalnog voljnog otkaza na tredmil traci sa progresivnim povećanjem opterećenja. Pri anaerobnom test protokolu ispitanici su izvršili testiranje snažne izdržljivosti gornjih ekstremiteta do otkaza potiskom sa ravne klupe, uz opterećenje od 25% od njihove telesne težine. Drugi eksperimentalni tretman je sačinjen iz pre-eksperimentalnog testiranja kardiorespiratorne forme i eksperimentalne protokol sesije trčanja do maksimalnog voljnog otkaza na pokretnoj traci, pri konstantnoj individualnoj brzina trčanja na anaerobnom pragu. U ovom eksperimentalnom tretmanu bila je uključena populacija aktivnih sportista (n = 10). Pre, tokom i nakon eksperimentalnih sesija praćena je koncentracija različitih biohemijskih i hematoloških markera: guanidinosirćetna kiselina (GAA); kreatin (Cr); kreatinin (Crn); laktat (Lac); interleukin-6 (IL-6); kreatin kinaza (CK); kortizol (Cor). Rezultati prvog eksperimentalnog tretmana su utvrdili statistički značajne promene u koncentraciji GAA, Cr i Crn u ktvi pre i nakon pojedinačne epizode aerobnog i anaerobnog vežbanja maksimalnim intenzitetom. Utvrđena je i statistički značajna povezanost između vežbanjem-indukovanih promena u cirkulatornim vrednostima GAA, Cr, Crn za vreme pre, tokom i nakon drugog eksperimentalnog tretmana. Uočena je statistički značajna povezanost između promena koncentracije GAA, Cr, Crn u serumu sa tradicionalnim biomarkerima perifernog zamora (IL6, Cor, Lac, CK). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na mogućnost primene biomarkera metabolizma kreatina u krvi prilikom praćenja i evaluacije stanja organizma tokom maksimalnih intenzivnih fizičkih aktivnosti kod mladih muškaraca i žena. The use of biomarkers of cellular bioenergetics in exercise science appears more prevalent in recent years, where these outcomes perhaps describe changes in creatine metabolism during strenuous exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of individual episodes of strenuous aerobic and anaerobic exercise on several biomarkers of peripheral fatigue and cellular bioenergetics in young men and women. The study recruited physically active men and women, and active athletes. In the first experiment, physically active men (n = 12) and women (n = 11) were subjected to strenuous aerobic and anaerobic exercise. During the aerobic test, subjects ran to exhaustion while during the anaerobic test, subjects performed repetitive bench press exercise. The second experimental treatment consisted of a pre-experimental testing of cardiorespiratory fitness, and an experimental protocol of a strenuous running session to exhaustion at constant individual running speed at the anaerobic threshold; active athletes (n = 10) were included in this experimental treatment. The blood levels of various biochemical and hematological markers were monitored before, during and after the experimental sessions, including guanidinoacetic acid (GAA); creatine (Cr); creatinine (Crn); lactate (Lac); interleukin-6 (IL-6); creatine kinase (CK); cortisol (Cor), and plethora of other physiological outcomes. We found statistically significant changes in serum GAA, Cr and Crn before and after a single session of strenuous aerobic and anaerobic exercise. A significant correlation was found between exercise-induced changes in serum GAA, Cr and Crn before, during and after the second experimental intervention. A statistically significant association was observed between changes in serum GAA, Cr, Crn and traditional biomarkers of peripheral fatigue (IL6, Cor, Lac, CK). The results of the present study suggest that biomarkers of creatine metabolism might be used as innovative tools in monitoring strenuous exercise in young men and women.

Током учесталог вежбања, нарочито професионалних спортиста, мишићи се привремено замарају, услед чега може доћи до пада функционалних способности. Замор мишића услед физичког вежбања постао је један од најважнијих предмета спортске науке. Циљ ове студије био је да се праћењем биохемијских параметара замора и оштећења мишића и оксидативног стреса у току једне појединачне тренажне епизоде утврди замор мишића и антиоксидативни статус кошаркашица након оптерећења изазваног са три различита врсте аеробног тренинга: континуирано ниско интензивни (НИК), континуирано високо интензивни (ВИК) и интервални аеробни тренинг (HIIT). У склопу укрштеног (crossover) дизајна изабран је узорак од 12 кошаркашица које су биле подвргнуте тестирању у предтакмичарској фази. Узорци крви узети су пре и одмах након тренажне епизоде у три наврата у размаку од по седам дана између сваког типа тренинга. Осим узимања узорака крви, проверан је пулс пре тренинга, одмах након тренинга, потом након првог, трећег и петог минута опоравка, затим, испитанице су радиле субјективну процену замора по Борговој скали одмах након тренинга, па затим у првом, трећем и петом минуту опоравка. Биохемијски параметри које смо анализирали били су маркери оштећења мишића, маркери целуларне биоенергетике, параметри оксидативно/антиоксидативног статуса. Резултати истраживања указују на то да маркери замора и оштећења мишића бележе варијабилност у резултатима с обзиром на врсту тренинга. Евидентиране су разлике у маркерима лактати, миоглобин и креатин киназа између НИК и HIIT. У мерењима срчане фреквенције у више временских тачака, статистички значајне разлике појавиле су се између ВИК и HIIT, што је у корелацији са добијеним налазима маркера оштећења мишића. Такође, субјективна процена замора прати добијене налазе и бележи значајно повећање после иста два тренинга одмах после, у првом и трећем минуту опоравка. Од маркера целуларне биоенергетике евидентиране су разлике у креатинину после НИК и HIIT тренинга. Индекс липидне пероксидације (TBARS), као један од параметара оксидативног стреса, бележи промене после НИК. Концентрација нитрита (NO2-) бележи такође статистички значајно повећање код НИК, али и код HIIT. Од испитиваних параметара антиоксидативне заштите једино каталаза (CAT) бележи значајно повећање код НИК. У процени стања замора мишића и деловања ензима оксидативно/антиоксидатине статуса, према добијеним резултатима, најсензитивнији маркери који су реаговали на различите тренажне епизоде, односно на различита аеробна оптерећења јесу миоглобин, лактати, креатин киназа и креатинин, а каталаза је показала могућност дискриминације различитих врста аеробног оптерећења. Tokom učestalog vežbanja, naročito profesionalnih sportista, mišići se privremeno zamaraju, usled čega može doći do pada funkcionalnih sposobnosti. Zamor mišića usled fizičkog vežbanja postao je jedan od najvažnijih predmeta sportske nauke. Cilj ove studije bio je da se praćenjem biohemijskih parametara zamora i oštećenja mišića i oksidativnog stresa u toku jedne pojedinačne trenažne epizode utvrdi zamor mišića i antioksidativni status košarkašica nakon opterećenja izazvanog sa tri različita vrste aerobnog treninga: kontinuirano nisko intenzivni (NIK), kontinuirano visoko intenzivni (VIK) i intervalni aerobni trening (HIIT). U sklopu ukrštenog (crossover) dizajna izabran je uzorak od 12 košarkašica koje su bile podvrgnute testiranju u predtakmičarskoj fazi. Uzorci krvi uzeti su pre i odmah nakon trenažne epizode u tri navrata u razmaku od po sedam dana između svakog tipa treninga. Osim uzimanja uzoraka krvi, proveran je puls pre treninga, odmah nakon treninga, potom nakon prvog, trećeg i petog minuta oporavka, zatim, ispitanice su radile subjektivnu procenu zamora po Borgovoj skali odmah nakon treninga, pa zatim u prvom, trećem i petom minutu oporavka. Biohemijski parametri koje smo analizirali bili su markeri oštećenja mišića, markeri celularne bioenergetike, parametri oksidativno/antioksidativnog statusa. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da markeri zamora i oštećenja mišića beleže varijabilnost u rezultatima s obzirom na vrstu treninga. Evidentirane su razlike u markerima laktati, mioglobin i kreatin kinaza između NIK i HIIT. U merenjima srčane frekvencije u više vremenskih tačaka, statistički značajne razlike pojavile su se između VIK i HIIT, što je u korelaciji sa dobijenim nalazima markera oštećenja mišića. Takođe, subjektivna procena zamora prati dobijene nalaze i beleži značajno povećanje posle ista dva treninga odmah posle, u prvom i trećem minutu oporavka. Od markera celularne bioenergetike evidentirane su razlike u kreatininu posle NIK i HIIT treninga. Indeks lipidne peroksidacije (TBARS), kao jedan od parametara oksidativnog stresa, beleži promene posle NIK. Koncentracija nitrita (NO2-) beleži takođe statistički značajno povećanje kod NIK, ali i kod HIIT. Od ispitivanih parametara antioksidativne zaštite jedino katalaza (CAT) beleži značajno povećanje kod NIK. U proceni stanja zamora mišića i delovanja enzima oksidativno/antioksidatine statusa, prema dobijenim rezultatima, najsenzitivniji markeri koji su reagovali na različite trenažne epizode, odnosno na različita aerobna opterećenja jesu mioglobin, laktati, kreatin kinaza i kreatinin, a katalaza je pokazala mogućnost diskriminacije različitih vrsta aerobnog opterećenja. During intense exercise, especially professional athletes, muscles are temporarily tired, resulting in a decline in functional abilities. Damage caused by muscle stiffness due to physical exercise has become one of the most important subjects of sports science. The aim of this study was to determine the muscle fatigue and the antioxidative status of basketball players following a load caused by three different types of aerobic training: continuous low intensity (LIC), continuous high intensity (HIC) and intermittent aerobic training (HIIT). As part of the crossover design, a sample of 12 basketball players that were tested at the pre-match phase was selected. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the training episode on three occasions at intervals of seven days between each type of training. In addition to taking blood samples, pulse testing was performed before training, immediately after training, then after the first, third and fifth minutes of recovery, then the subjects were subjective assessment of fatigue on the Bragg scale immediately after the training, then in the first, third and fifth minutes recovery. The biochemical parameters we analyzed were markers of muscle damage, markers of cellular bioenergetics, parameters of oxidative stress and the activity of enzymes of protection against oxidative damage. The results of the study indicate that the markers of muscle damage record the variability in the results compared to the type of training. Differences in markers of lactates, myoglobin and creatine kinase were recorded between LIC and HIIT. In relation to the heart rate measured at several time points, statistically significant differences have occurred between HIC and HIIT, which is correlated with the findings of the markers of muscle damage. Also, a subjective estimate of fatigue follows the findings obtained and shows a significant increase after the same two trainings immediately after, in the first and third minutes of recovery. Differences in creatinine from LIC and HIIT training were recorded from cellular bioenergetic markers. The lipid peroxidation index (TBARS), as one of the parameters of oxidative stress, records changes after LIC. The concentration of nitrite (NO2-) also recorded a statistically significant increase in LIC, but also in HIIT. From the tested parameters of antioxidant protection, only catalase (CAT) showed a significant increase in NIK. In the assessment of muscular fatigue and oxidative / antioxidant status, according to the obtained results, the most sensitive markers that responded to different training episodes or different aerobic loads were myoglobin, lactates, creatine kinase and creatinine, while the catalase showed the possibility of discrimination of different species aerobic load.

Uvod-Kardiovaskularne bolesti su vodeći uzrok smrti i radne nesposobnosti u Evropi, predstavljajuveliko socijalno i ekonomsko opterećenje. Bolesti periferne arterijske cirkulacije se mogu podeliti udve celine i to na okluzivne i neokluzivne bolesti, odnosno funkcionalne smetnje. Učestalostarterijske bolesti donjih ekstremiteta snažno je povezana sa godinama starosti. Faktori rizika zaperifernu arterijsku bolest su slični onima koji su važni u etiologiji koronarne arterijske bolesti:gojaznost, pušenje, dislipidemija, šećerna bolest, hipertenzija. Najtipičnija prezentacija perifernearterijske bolesti je intermitentna klaudikacija koja se karakteriše bolom u listovima koji sepojačava pri hodanju; bol obično nestaje u miru. Svi gojazni pacijenti sa perifernom arterijskombolešću donjih ekstremiteta imaju povećan rizik od budućih kardiovaskularnih događaja, te je kodnjih obavezna opšta sekundarna prevencija u cilju poboljšanja prognoze. Fizičko vežbanjepredstavlja metodu izbora kod obolelih od periferne arterijske bolesti donjih ekstremiteta.Cilj istraživanja: Uporediti efekte programirane fizičke aktivnosti i medikamentozne terapije nahemodinamiku i riziko faktore za kardiovaskularna obolenja kod gojaznih osoba obolelih odperiferne arterijske bolesti donjih ekstremiteta.Ispitanici i metode istraživanja: Obavila se retrospektivna-prospektivna, klinički deskriptivna,kontrolisana studija, na ispitanicima Javne Ustanove Domovi Zdravlja Kantona Sarajevo -Specijalističko konsultativna delatnost. OJ Specijalističko konsultativna delatnost predstavljasekundarni vanbolnički nivo zdravstvene zaštite. Ovom studijom se evaluirao period od 20 nedelja(140 dana). U studiju je uključeno 75 ispitanika. Na početku istraživanja, na osnovu nalaza kolorDoppler sonografije pedalnih arterija, nalaza ejekcione frakcije leve komore, spirometrijskognalaza, vrednosti pulsnog aortalnog pritiska te utvrđivanja preterane uhranjosti – gojaznostiispitanici su uključeni u istraživanje. Osim ultrazvučnog nalaza i nalaza spirometrije, pacijenti sudali i iscrpnu anamnezu o prethodnim obolenjima. Uradilo se merenje indeksa telesne težine, obimstruka i klaudikacione distance. Lipidogram kao i jutarnji šećer su bili urađeni za svakog pacijenta.Pacijentima je prepisana ili produžena medikamentozna terapija, te data detaljna upustva zasvakodnevni program vazoaktivne šetnje.Rezultati istraživanja: Na početku istraživanja prosečna vrednost obima struka ispitanika jeiznosila 87,94±3,07cm, nakon dve sedmice prosečan obim struka je iznosio 87,10±2,0 cm, a nakraju istraživanja 84,96±1,98cm. Na početku istraživanja ispitanici ispitivane grupe su imali indekstelesne mase od 28,93±2,10 kg/m2. Nakon dve sedmice istraživanja i provedene terapije indekstelesne mase se smanjio i iznosio 28,36±1,99 kg/m2, da bi na kraju istraživanja prosečna vrednostindeksa telesne mase u ispitivanoj grupi iznosio 27,26±1,87 kg/m2. Prosečna vrednost glukoze ukrvi na početku istraživanja je iznosila 5,77±0,96 mmol/L, tokom istraživanja ta vrednost je bila5,42±0,88 mmol/L, a na kraju istraživanja 5,30±0,92 mmol/L. Postprandijalna vrednost glukoze ukrvi je na početku istraživanja iznosila7,48±0,85 mmol/L, tokom istraživanja ta vrednost je bila6,82±0,62 mmol/L, a na kraju istraživanja 6,44±0,64 mmol/L. Na početku istraživanja vrednostHbA1c je iznosila 5,52±0,91%, tokom istraživanja 5,32±0,97%, a na kraju istraživanja5,09±0,73%.Prosečna vrednost CRP-a na početku istraživanja je iznosila 3,77±1,12mg/L, tokomistraživanja vrednost je iznosila 3,66±1,36mg/L, da bi na kraju istraživanja ta vrednost iznosila3,61±1,21mg/L. Uparenim t-testom nije ustanovljeno statistički značajno smanjenje ili povečanjeCRP-a tokom istraživanja. Prosečna vrednost holestarola u krvi ispitanika na početku istraživanjaje bila iznad referentnih vrednosti i iznosila 6,58±0,90 mmol/L. Nakon dve sedmice istraživanja iprovedene terapije vrednost je iznosila 4,96±0,46 mmol/L, da bi na kraju istraživanja vrednostiznosila 4,15±0,54 mmol/L. Prosečne vrednosti triglicerida na početku i tokom istraživanja su bilepovišene, da bi na kraju istraživanja bile u okvirima referentnih vrednosti. Razlika izmeđuVIvrednosti leptina kod muškaraca na početku i kraju istraživanja je iznosila 2,66±1,52 ng/ml(t=3,024; p=0,094) dok kod ispitanica ženskog pola nije došlo do statistički značajne razlike.Prosečne vrednosti viskoznosti plazme su na početku i tokom istraživanja bile iznad referentnihvrednosti da bi na kraju istraživanja ta vrednost bila u granicama fizioloških vrednosti. Prosečnevrednosti PSV na početku i tokom istraživanja su bile u granicama patoloških vrednosti da bi nakraju istraživanja vrednost bila u granicma fizioloških vrednosti. Na početku istraživanja prosečnavrednost PSV-a je bila 25,64±5,38 cm/s, tokom istraživanja 26,94±5,31 cm/s, da bi na krajuistraživanja iznosila 35,84±5,73 cm/s. Tokom sva tri merenja došlo je do statistički značajnogpoboljšanja. Na početku i tokom istraživanja ispitanici ispitivane grupe su imali patološkevrednosti klaudikacione distance, da bi na kraju istraživanja ta vrednost bila u fiziološkimgranicama. Ustanovljeno je statistički značajno smanjenje pulsa tokom istraživanja i to ufiziološkim okvirima. Iako je došlo do statistički značajnog poboljšanja EFLV ipak su vrednosti nakraju istraživanja bile na donjim granicama fizioloških vrednosti. U toku istraživanja dobilo se istatistički značajno poboljšanje vrednosti pulsnog aortalnog pritiska. Iako je došlo do statističkiznačajnog poboljšanja FEV1 ipak su vrednosti na kraju istraživanja bile na donjim granicamafizioloških vrednosti.Zaključak - Vrednosti indeksa telesne mase ispitanika na kraju istraživanja su se statističkiznačajno smanjile. Prosečna vrednost holesterola i triglicerida, kao i prosečna vrednost PSV-a,BMI, EFLV, FEV1, kao i svih ostali poređenih parametara značajno se smanjila nakon obatretmana. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata ustanovljeno je da je klaudikaciona distanca statističkiznačajno manja u odnosu na početne vrednosti. Poredeći efekte medikamentoznog tretmana saefektima kombinovanog terapijskog pristupa dolazi se do zaključka da su svi poređeni parametri,izuzev C-reaktivnog proteina u krvi, statistički značajno poboljšani na kraju kombinovanogtretmana u odnosu na vrednosti na kraju medikamentoznog tretmana., they represent a large social and economic burden. Diseases of peripheral arterial circulation can bedivided into two groups - the occlusive and non-occlusive disease, or functional impairment.Incidence of arterial disease of the lower extremities is strongly associated with age. Risk factorsfor peripheral arterial disease are similar to those that are important in the etiology of coronaryartery disease: obesity, smoking, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and hypertension. The most typicalpresentation of peripheral arterial disease is intermittent claudication, which is characterized withpain in the leaves, which increases during walking; the pain usually goes away in peace. All obesepatients with peripheral arterial disease of the lower extremities have an increased risk of futurecardiovascular incidents, and they require general secondary prevention in order to improve theirhealth forecasts. Physical activity represents the method of choice in patients with peripheralarterial disease of the lower extremities.Aim of the research: Compare the effects of programmed physical activity and medical therapy onhemodynamic and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients with peripheral arterialdiseases of the lower extremities.Subjects and methods of research: A retrospective-prospective, clinically descriptive, controlledstudy was conducted on subjects of the Public Institution Health Care Centre of Sarajevo Canton–Specialist-consultative unit. Specialist-consultative unit represents secondary outpatient level ofhealth care. This study evaluated a period of 20 weeks (140 days). The study involved 75 subjects.At the beginning of the study, based on the findings of colour Doppler sonography of the pedalarteries, the findings of ejection fraction of the left ventricle, spirometry findings, values ofpulmonary aortic pressure and the determination of overweight - obesity subjects were included inthe research. In addition to ultrasound findings and spirometry findings, patients provided anexhaustive history of previous illnesses. Measurement of the body weight index, waistcircumference and claudication distance were performed. Lipid status and morning blood glucoselevel were performed for each patient. Prescribed or prolonged medicinal therapy was performedfor patients, and detailed instructions for everyday vasoactive walking program were given.Research resultsAt the beginning of the study, the average volume of the subjects' waistcircumference was 87.94 ± 3.07cm, after two weeks the average volume of the waist was 87.10 ±2.0 cm, and at the end of the study 84.96 ± 1.98cm. At the beginning of the study, subjects of thetested group had a body mass index of 28.93 ± 2.10 kg / m2. After two weeks of research andperformed therapy, the body mass index decreased and amounted to 28.36 ± 1.99 kg / m2, so that atthe end of the study, the average body mass index in the tested group was 27.26 ± 1.87 kg / m2.The mean blood glucose level at the beginning of the study was 5.77 ± 0.96 mmol / L, during thestudy this value was 5.42 ± 0.88 mmol / L, and at the end of the study, 5.30 ± 0.92 mmol / L. Thepostprandial blood glucose level at the beginning of the study was 7,48 ± 0,85 mmol / L, during thestudy, this value was 6.82 ± 0.62 mmol / L, and at the end of the study, 6.44 ± 0.64 mmol / L. Atthe beginning of the study, the HbA1c value was 5.52 ± 0.91%, during the study 5.32 ± 0.97%, andat the end of the study, 5.09 ± 0.73%. The C-reactive protein (CRP) mean at the beginning of thestudy was 3.77 ± 1.12mg / L, during the study, the value was 3.66 ± 1.36mg / L, and at the end ofthe study, this value was 3.61 ± 1.21mg / L. Paired t-test did not show a statistically significantreduction or an increase in CRP during the study. The average blood cholesterol of the subjects atthe beginning of the study was above the reference values and amounted to 6.58 ± 0.90 mmol / L.After two weeks of research and therapy, the value was 4.96 ± 0.46 mmol / L, and at the end of thestudy the value was 4.15 ± 0.54 mmol / L. The average triglyceride values at the beginning andduring the study were elevated so that at the end of the study they were within the reference values.VIIIThe difference between the values of leptin in male subjects at the beginning and at the end of thestudy were 2.66 ± 1.52 ng / ml (t = 3.024; p = 0.094) while there was no statistically significantdifference in female subjects. The average values of plasma viscosity were initially and during thestudy above the reference values, and at the end of the study this value was within the limits ofphysiological values. The mean values of PSV at the beginning and during the study were withinthe limits of pathological values, and at the end of the study the value was within the physiologicallimits. At the beginning of the study, the mean PSV value was 25.64 ± 5.38 cm / s, during the study26.94 ± 5.31 cm / s, and at the end of the study it was 35.84 ± 5.73 cm / s. During all threemeasurements statistically significant improvement was observed. At the beginning and during thestudy, the subjects of the tested group had pathological values of claudication distance, and at theend of the study this value was within the physiological limits. A statistically significant reductionin pulse was observed during the study, in physiological frameworks. Although there wasstatistically significant improvement in EFLV, however, the values at the end of the study were atthe lower limits of physiological values. During the study, statistically significant improvement inthe value of pulmonary aortic pressure was obtained. Although there was statistically significantimprovement in FEV1, the values at the end of the study were at the lower limits of physiologicalvalues.Conclusion - The values of the body mass index of subjects involved at the end of the study werestatistically significantly reduced. The average value of cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as theaverage value of PSV, BMI, EFLV, FEV1 as well as all other comparable parameters, decreasedsignificantly after both treatments. Based on the obtained results it was found that the claudicationdistance was statistically significantly lower than the baseline values. Comparing the effects ofmedicinal treatment with the effects of the combined therapeutic approach, it is concluded that allthe compared parameters, other than C-reactive protein in the blood, were statistically significantlyimproved at the end of the combined treatment compared to the values at the end of the medicinaltreatment.

Ispitivanja primene vodonika u kliničkim uslovima su prilično nova, međutim efikasnost molekularnog vodonika u dosadašnjim kliničkim ispitivanjima je evidentna. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita uticaj suplementacije sa vodom obogaćenom molekularnim vodonikom (HRW) na bazalne vrednosti parametara oksidativnog stresa kod vrhunskih džudista. Eksperimentalni tretman odvijao se u dve faze. U prvoj fazi ispitanici eksperimentalne grupe (N=6) su bili suplementirani sa HRW (4g) u trajanju od 28 dana, dok je kontrolna grupa (N=6) koristila placebo. Nakon suplementacije ispitanici su imali „Washout“ period u trajanju od 28 dana, a zatim je ponovljen identičan protokol na ispitanicima u trajanju od 28 dana. U drugoj fazi eksperimentalnog tretmana ispitivani su akutni efekti suplementacije molekularnim vodonikom na acido baznu ravnotežu vrhunskih džudiskinja. U ovoj fazi studije ispitanice eksperimentalne grupe (N=4) su suplementirane sa HRW (4g) , dok je kontrolna grupa (N=4) koristila placebo. Nakon suplementacije ispitanice su imale „Washout“ period u trajanju od 4 dana, a zatim je ponovljen identičan protokol na ispitanicama pri čemu su ispitanice eksperimentalne grupe (N=4) koristile placebo, dok je kontrolna grupa (N=4) suplementirana sa HRW. Rezultati ispitivanja aktivnosti antioksidativnih enzima kod Placebo i HRW grupe ukazuju na pojavu statistički značajnih razlika u antioksidativnom statusu kod vrhunskih džudista. Odgovor organizma usled unosa HRW ogleda se u povećanju aktivnosti enzima SOD i sadržaja GSH usled sprovođenja programirane fizičke aktivnosti. Takođe, trend opadanja sadržaja MDA u HRW grupi je bio detektabilan. Primena HRW nije izazvala statistički značajne promene u biohemijsko hematološkim parametrima. Akutni efekti suplementacije sa HRW uticali su statistički značajno na redukciju akumulacije laktata kao i na povećanje pH krvi nakon primene specifičnog džudo fitnes testa (SJFT) kod vrhunskih džudistkinja. Ipak, primena suplementa nije značajno uticala na poboljšanje performansi džudistkinja. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na ergogenu antioksidantnu moć molekularnog vodonika, pri čemu su dalja istraživanja neophodna kako bi se podesili uslovi u kojima bi molekularni vodonik ispoljio svoje maksimalno delovanje i u sportu. Research of hydrogen application are quite new in clinical conditions, however the efficiency of molecular hydrogen in previous clinical studies is evident. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation with hydrogen rich water (HRW) on baseline oxidative stress parameters in elite male judokas. Experimental treatment was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, experimental group (N=6) were supplemented daily with HRW (4g) for 28 days, while the control group (N=6) was used placebo. After supplementation intake all subjects had "washout" period for 28 days, after which the same protocol was repeated for a period of 28 days. In the second stage of experimental treatment, acute effects of supplementation with molecular hydrogen on acid base balance of elite female judokas were examined. In this phase of the study, subjects from experimental group (N=4) were supplemented daily with HRW (4g), while the control group (N=4) used placebo. After supplementation all subjects had a "washout" period for a 4 days, after which the same protocol was repeated wherein the members of the experimental group (N=4) used placebo, while the control group (N=4) was supplemented daily with HRW. The results of analyzed antioxidant enzymes activity in placebo and HRW group indicated on the occurrence of statistically significant differences in antioxidant status of elite judo athletes. Obtained results indicate that response of the body due to intake HRW is reflected in increasing levels of SOD and GSH due to the implementation of programmed physical activity. Also, trend of MDA decreasing in HRW group was detectable. In addition, application of HRW did not cause negative changes in the biochemical and hematological parameters. Acute effects of supplementation were affected to a statistically significant reduction in lactate accumulation and pH increase after applied special judo fitness test (SJFT) on the top judoka. However, use of supplements had no significant effect on improving performance in elite judokas. Obtained results confirm ergogenic antioxidant power of molecular hydrogen, wherein further studies are necessary in order to adjust the conditions in which molecular hydrogen will exerted its maximum in sport.

Imajuci u vidu da je fizicka aktivnost ucenikana casovima fizickog vaspitanja nedovoljna,istraživanje je sprovedeno sa ciljem da se utvrdiod kojih cinilaca najviše zavisi fizicka aktivnostucenika mladeg školskog uzrasta na casufizickog vaspitanja. U istraživanje je biloukljuceno 272 ispitanika (127 decaka, 145devojcica) trecih i cetvrtih razreda iz osnovnihškola sa teritorije grada Užica. Generalni ciljistraživanja, u skladu sa problemom ipredmetom istraživanja, je ispitivanje doprinosapojedinih personalnih, bihejvioralnih isocijalnih faktora fizickoj aktivnosti ucenikamladeg školskog uzrasta na casu fizickogvaspitanja. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju dafizicka aktivnost roditelja (oceva), ima najvecupredikciju na fizicku aktivnost ucenika mladegškolskog uzrasta na casu fizickog vaspitanja.Zatim po prediktivnosti slede: motoricki status,fizicka aktivnost ucenika u slobodno vreme,morfološke karakteristike, fizicki self-koncept imotivacija., Bearing in mind that the physical activity ofstudents in physical education classes isinsufficient, research was conducted in order todetermine the factors of which depends mostlyon physical activity of younger school agestudents in the classroom physical education. Thestudy included 272 subjects (127 boys, 145 girls),third and fourth grades of elementary schools inthe town of Uzice. The general aim of theresearch, in accordance with the issue and thesubject of research is to examine thecontributions of individual personal, behavioraland social factors, physical activity pupils ofyounger school age at the time of physicaleducation. The results show that physical activityof parents (fathers), has the highest prediction ofthe physical activity of younger school agestudents in the classroom physical education.Then, after the predictability follow: motorstatus, physical activity of students in his sparetime, morphological characteristics, physical selfconceptand motivation.

Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrde efekti različitih disciplina u karateu (sportske borbe - kumite i forme - kata) na morfo-funkcionalne karakteristike karatista seniora. Pored ovoga su utvrĎivane i razlike u odnosu na dužinu trenažnog staža, kao i akutni fiziološki odgovor na specifično fizičko opterećenje tokom simulacije takmičenja. Uzorak je obuhvatio 72 ispitanika koji su prvenstveno bili podeljeni na kata (n = 33) i kumite (n = 39) grupu, a potom i u odnosu na trenažni staž u tri grupe (starija n = 23, srednja n = 24 i mlaĎa n = 25). Svi ispitanici su testirani kroz bateriju od 36 testova za procenu morfo-funkcionalnog statusa. Rezultati su pokazali razlike u pojedinim morfo - funkcionalnim karakteristikama ispitanika u odnosu na takmičarsku disciplinu. Kumite borci su imali izraženiju longitudinalnost (p < 0,01), dok su kata takmičari imali izraženije potkožno masno tkivo praćeno većom koštanom masom (p < 0,05). TakoĎe su ispitanici kata grupe pokazali superiorniju fleksibilnost donjih ekstremiteta (p < 0,05), dok su kumite ispitanici bili bolji u pokazateljima apsolutne snage skokova kao i aerobnih sposobnosti (p < 0,01). U odnosu na trenažni staž javile su se razlike u svim varijablama za procenu vertikalne skočnosti (visini skoka i maksimalnoj snazi), funkcionalnim pokazateljima kao i varijablama za procenu mišićne snage u korist najstarije grupe (p < 0,05). Razlike dobijene u fiziološkim odgovorima na akutno opterećenje kroz specifičnu takmičarsku disciplinu, kao i razlike u praćenoj temperaturi jezgra tela nisu bile značajne. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju da treniranjem različitih karate disciplina dolazi do odreĎenih specifičnih morfo-funkcionalnih promena u organizmu. Na ove promene bitno utiče i trenažni staž, odnosno vreme provedeno u specifičnom treningu. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different competitive disciplines in karate (sports fight - kumite and forms - kata) on morpho-functional characteristics in senior karate athletes. In addition, differences in relation to training experience, as well as the acute physiological response to a specific physical exertion during the simulated competition were determined. The sample included 72 athletes primarily divided into kata (n = 33) and kumite (n = 39) group, and to training experience into three groups (oldest: n = 23, medium: n = 24, and youngest: n = 25). All subjects were evaluated through a battery of 36 morpho-functional tests. Differences were found between two competitive disciplines. Kumite athletes had significantly longer dimensions (p < 0.01), whereas kata competitors had more pronounced subcutaneous adipose tissue accompanied by higher bone mass and superior flexibility (p < 0.05). Furthermore, kumite athletes had better indicators of absolute power in jumping performance and aerobic capacity (p < 0.01). Differences also occurred in all variables of vertical jumping assessment (jump height and maximum power), functional indicators (p < 0.05) and muscle strength evaluation (p < 0.01) in relation to training experience. All differences found were in favor of the oldest group. No differences were found in physiological responses to acute load of the specific competitive discipline, or in body core temperature measured. The results of this research indicate that training for different karate disciplines had led to certain specific morpho-functional changes in the body. These changes were partially affected by specific training regimes and training experience.