135,109 results on '"Davies AN"'
Search Results
2. Examining the decline in the C <scp>iv</scp> content of the Universe over 4.3 ≲ z ≲ 6.3 using the E-XQR-30 sample
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Rebecca L Davies, E Ryan-Weber, V D’Odorico, S E I Bosman, R A Meyer, G D Becker, G Cupani, L C Keating, M Bischetti, F B Davies, A-C Eilers, E P Farina, M G Haehnelt, A Pallottini, Y Zhu, Davies, Rebecca, Haehnelt, Martin, Zhu, Yongda, Davies, Frederick, Keating, Laura, Bosman, Sarah, D'Odorico, Valentina, Meyer, Romain A., Pallottini, Andrea, Eilers, Anna-Christina, Becker, George, Paolo Farina, Emanuele, Bischetti, Manuela, and Cupani, Guido
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absorption line [quasars] ,Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,intergalactic medium ,early Universe ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Intervening CIV absorbers are key tracers of metal-enriched gas in galaxy halos over cosmic time. Previous studies suggest that the CIV cosmic mass density ($\Omega_{\rm CIV}$) decreases slowly over 1.5 $\lesssim z\lesssim$ 5 before declining rapidly at $z\gtrsim$ 5, but the cause of this downturn is poorly understood. We characterize the $\Omega_{\rm CIV}$ evolution over 4.3 $\lesssim z\lesssim$ 6.3 using 260 absorbers found in 42 XSHOOTER spectra of $z\sim$ 6 quasars, of which 30 come from the ESO Large Program XQR-30. The large sample enables us to robustly constrain the rate and timing of the downturn. We find that $\Omega_{\rm CIV}$ decreases by a factor of 4.8 $\pm$ 2.0 over the ~300 Myr interval between $z\sim$ 4.7 and $z\sim$ 5.8. The slope of the column density (log N) distribution function does not change, suggesting that CIV absorption is suppressed approximately uniformly across 13.2 $\leq$ log N/cm$^{-2}$ < 15.0. Assuming that the carbon content of galaxy halos evolves as the integral of the cosmic star formation rate density (with some delay due to stellar lifetimes and outflow travel times), we show that chemical evolution alone could plausibly explain the fast decline in $\Omega_{\rm CIV}$ over 4.3 $\lesssim z\lesssim$ 6.3. However, the CIV/CII ratio decreases at the highest redshifts, so the accelerated decline in $\Omega_{\rm CIV}$ at $z\gtrsim$ 5 may be more naturally explained by rapid changes in the gas ionization state driven by evolution of the UV background towards the end of hydrogen reionization., Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables. Published in MNRAS
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- 2023
3. Mud retention in hydrologically closed basins promoted pre-vegetation meandering: evidence from the Neoproterozoic Diabaig Formation, Scotland
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William J. McMahon, Seán T. Herron, James A. Craig, Neil S. Davies, McMahon, William J [0000-0003-2174-1695], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Geology ,Ocean Engineering ,37 Earth Sciences ,3705 Geology ,3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Fluvial point bar deposits are described from the ca. 1 Ga Diabaig Formation, representing some of the most compelling architectural evidence of planform sinuosity recognized in pre-vegetation sedimentary strata to date. The stratigraphic architecture of the deposits indicates different planform transformations in response to meander-bend expansion and downstream migration. Point bar architectural motifs are locally abundant in the unit and this is attributed to elevated amounts of mud-calibre cohesive sediment. Mud afforded landscape stability that, together with limited stream power, was sufficient to corral sediment into single-thread, sinuous channels. Significant volumes of fine-grained sediment were encouraged to accumulate by the local basin setting of several topographically confined endorheic depressions. These conditions ceased once the hydrologically closed valleys were filled, with the overlying sandstone-dominated Applecross Formation subsequently deposited by low-sinuosity, braided rivers that bypassed fine-grained sediment oceanward. Other endorheic basins conducive to the formation of depositional meanders should be expected to have been relatively widespread on pre-vegetation Earth, though many individually limited in size, confined by their inherited topographies. Depositional architectures representative of sinuous channel planforms remain scarce within more extensive, externally drained basins.
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- 2024
4. Energy performance assessment of Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC) as a solution toward net zero carbon emissions: A case study in French Polynesia
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Kanhan Sanjivy, Olivier Marc, Neil Davies, and Franck Lucas
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History ,General Energy ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2023
5. Use of cidofovir in a patient with severe mpox and uncontrolled HIV infection
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Adam Stafford, Stephanie Rimmer, Mark Gilchrist, Kristi Sun, Ella P Davies, Claire S Waddington, Christopher Chiu, Darius Armstrong-James, Thomas Swaine, Frances Davies, Carlos H M Gómez, Vagish Kumar, Ahmad ElHaddad, Zaid Awad, Christopher Smart, Borja Mora-Peris, David Muir, Paul Randell, Joanna Peters, Meera Chand, Clare E Warrell, Tommy Rampling, Graham Cooke, Sara Dhanji, Vivienne Campbell, Carys Davies, Sana Osman, and Aula Abbara
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Infectious Diseases - Published
- 2023
6. Creative futuring for more-than-human worlds: Exhibitions as sites to ponder environmental governance
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Hira Sheikh, Isabella Deary, Lowana-Skye Davies, Merinda Davies, Marcus Foth, and Peta Mitchell
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Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Music ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
The article presents Smart Urban Governance for More-than-Human Future(s) anthology comprising six speculative creative works. It draws on techniques of futuring as a methodology to explore how creative practice as an act of futuring and exhibitions as sites to ponder environmental governance can empower more-than-human futures. Reporting on participatory observations and semi-structured interviews with the exhibition audience, the article contributes that creative futuring can empower futures by developing awareness that environmental governance can facilitate nonhuman agencies that conserve and repair the ecological world.
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- 2023
7. Clinical features and management of individuals admitted to hospital with monkeypox and associated complications across the UK: a retrospective cohort study
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Douglas L Fink, Helen Callaby, Akish Luintel, William Beynon, Helena Bond, Eleanor Y Lim, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Jospeh Heskin, Margherita Bracchi, Balram Rathish, Iain Milligan, Geraldine O'Hara, Stephanie Rimmer, Joanna R Peters, Lara Payne, Nisha Mody, Bethany Hodgson, Penny Lewthwaite, Rebecca Lester, Stephen D Woolley, Ann Sturdy, Ashley Whittington, Leann Johnson, Nathan Jacobs, John Quartey, Brendan AI Payne, Stewart Crowe, Ivo AM Elliott, Thomas Harrison, Joby Cole, Katie Beard, Tomas-Paul Cusack, Imogen Jones, Rishi Banerjee, Tommy Rampling, Jake Dunning, Iain D Milligan, Alison J Rodger, Sanjay R Bhagani, Lucy E Lamb, Rachel C Moores, Simon F K Lee, Colin S Brown, Susan Hopkins, Stephen Mepham, Simon Warren, Aoife Molloy, Ian Cropley, Alex Kew, Natasha Karunaharan, Antonia Scobie, Jennifer Hart, Dianne Irish, Tanzina Haque, Hamid Jalal, Robin Smith, Damien Mack, Tristan Barber, Fiona Burns, Robert Miller, Eleanor Hamlyn, Pedro Simoes, Breda Athan, Jennifer Abrahamsen, Jessica Joyce, Caroline Taylor, Sally Reddecliffe, Chloe Miller, Brooke Reeve, Hugh Kingston, Tim Crocker-Buque, Nicolas Massie, Ankush Dhariwal, Angelina Jayakumar, Robert Hammond, Alexandra Bramley, Tanmay Kanitkar, Laura Maynard-Smith, Eliza Gil, Cavan O'Connor, Derek Cocker, Wendy Spicer, Marisa Lanzman, Meera Thacker, Zoe O Anorson, Dharmesh Patel, Alan Williams, Catherine F Houlihan, Dominic Wakerley, Claire N Gordon, Daniel J Bailey, Jenna Furneaux, Abbie M Bown, Elizabeth J Truelove, Marian J Killip, David Jackson, Tracy L B Beetar-King, Ulrike M V Arnold, Rhea M Strachan, Jones Matthew, Hannah J Matthew, Jane C Osborne, Richard Vipond, Barry Gibney, Jodie Owen, Will Beynon, Michael Hunter, Louise McCorry, Carol Emerson, Say Quah, Suzanne Todd, Emma McCarty, Eoin Walker, Susan Feeney, Tanya Curran, Kathy Li, JD Mullan, Kate Jackson, Peter Nelson, Kevin Lewis, Mark McNicol, Marcus Pratt, Anna Smith, Erin Vos, Fahad Alsalemee, Daniel O Leary, John Canny, Katherine McGinnity, Carly Culbert, Conor McDowell, Cathy McQuillan, Eunjin Jeong, Lynsey Glass, Jessica Dyche, Paula McClean, Rebecca Stewart, Harold Ursolino, Melissa Perry, Hannah McCormick, Joseph Heskin, Nicklas Brown, Thomas Juniper, Borja Mora-Peris, Alessia Dalla-Pria, Nicola Mackie, Lucy Garvey, Alan Winston, Graham Cooke, Mark Nelson, Emer Kilbride, Ala Elbishi, William Kerrigan, Joshua Silva, Jesal Gohil, Sasha Payagala, Yasmin Walters, Joanna Smith, Jonathan Goodfellow, Kitty Lyons, Hsiu Tung, Kinjal Patel, Merle Henderson, Michael Butler, Edu Peres, Taiana Silva Carvalho, Antoine Joly, Molly Dickinson, Luke S P Moore, Nabeela Mughal, Stephen Hughes, Shrada Chitlangia, Priyanka Viramgana, Ruth Byrne, Paul Randell, Luigi Strangis, Nicola Poveda, Deborah Bovey, Poppy Richardson, Vivian Heaslip, Christopher Higgs, Marta Boffito, Nicolo Girometti, Gary Whitlock, Victoria Tittle, Rachel Jones, Michael Rayment, Christopher Scott, David Asboe, Marcus Pond, David Muir, Movin Abeywickrema, Sarah-Lou Bailey, Sara E Boyd, Dayana Da Silva Fontoura, Anna Daunt, Claire Y Mason, Jamie Murphy, Vasanth V Naidu, Aatish Patel, Caitlin Pley, Ethan Redmore, Katherine Sharrocks, Luke B Snell, Rohan Sundramoorthi, Jerry C H Tam, Aisling Brown, Sam Douthwaite, Anna Goodman, Gaia Nebbia, William Newsholme, Nicholas Price, Emily Shaw, Alex Salam, Claire van Nispen tot Pannerden, Helen Winslow, Julia Bilinska, Sarah Keegan, Harry Coleman, Jessica Doctor, Nasreen Moini, Daniella Chilton, Golaleh Haidari, Rebecca Simons, Rajababu Kulasegaram, Nick Larbalestier, Achyuta Nori, Jack R Potter, Cecilia Tuudah, Paul Wade, Alexandra Travers, Sarah Dunford, Joshua Greenwood, Georgina Oledimmah, Lesley Gyampo, Pedro SA Pinto, AbdulKadir Muse, Zoe Parker, Charlotte Alexander, Alexander Khan, Medinat Ajayi, Abigail Baltazar, Davis Sharella, Nasra Hersi, Thuy Nguyen, Rugiatu Timbo, Ismail Jalloh, Susan Bryan, Patricia Clarke, Marcia Kerr, Fidelis Amedu, Maria BohoBonaba, Sarah Haque, Michelle Howson, Norbai Tambilawan, Soledad Yupanqui Estay, Hawanatu Bangura, Tseday Gideon, Damilola Jerome-oboh, Linda Tetteh, Chioma Nwagu, Viwoalo Agbaglah, Nona Narag, Mahima Zaveri, Maedhbh Ni Luanaigh, Peggy Keane, Aula Abbara, Olamide Dosekun, Mhairi Bolland, Adam Stafford, Dina Saleh, Rhianna Sheridan, Ella Davies, Kristi Sun, Mark Gilchrist, Priti Kukadia, Muhammed Embrahimsa, Christopher Chiu, Lauren Taylor, Charlotte Short, Jasmini Alagratnam, Iresh Jayaweera, Kavitha Gundugola, Lara V S Payne, Killian Quinn, Caoimhe Nic Fhogartaigh, Nivenjit Kaur, Salmaan Bholah, Kajann Kantha, Jonathan Youngs, Temi Lampejo, Nicholas Pitto, David S Lawrence, Holly Middleditch, Lourdes Dominguez-Dominguez, Ayoma Ratnappuli, Sara Al-Hashimi, Amelia Oliveira, Zoe Ottaway, Larissa Mulka, Anne M Neary, Michael R Downey, Danielle C Lucy, Craig I McCallum, Michael Beadsworth, Libuse Ratcliffe, Tom E Fletcher, Gerry Davies, Nicholas Wong, Stephen Aston, Thomas E Wingfield, Thomas Blanchard, Paul Hine, Susie Gould, Christopher Smith, Michael Abouyannis, Abolaji Atomode, James Cruise, Merna Samual, Nicola Scott, Vino Srirathan, Joseph Lewis, Lauren Richards, Mary-Ann Cummings, Emily Gillan, Rebecca Peers, Amy Tickle, Grace Keating, Tendi Chinyanda, Mav Sanchez, Daniel Harrison, null Hoyle, Ben Metcalfe, Jennifer Taylor, Nicky Johnson, Neil Kelle, Kirsty McDowell, Ian Richardson, Monette Saguidan, Nicky Farmer, Angella Gillespie, Shay Willoughby, Samantha Parker, Shamseena Avulan, Shazia Arif, Suzanne Marshall, David Carlisle, Mohsen Rezaei, Angela Booth, Joanne Watts, Lauren Tremarco, Priyanga Jeyanayagam, Odinaka Ubochi, Daniel Vagianos, Mark Richardson, Anthony Jarvis, Kyra Gow, Jade Walmsley, Adam O'keefe, Anna Smielewska, Mark Hopkins, Fatima Balane, Sarah Bradley, Tumena Corrah, Venus Daquiz, Christopher Dugan, Joshua Elliot, Fiona Foley, Dawn Friday, May Gamit, David Garner, Karishma Gokani, Laurence John, Deepa Joseph, Nuzhath Khan, Cherifer Mamuyac, Alastair McGregor, John McSorley, Victoria Parris, Luciana Rubinstein, Julian Rycroft, Kelcy Salinas, Jason Salinas, Jency Sebatian, Melanie Smith, Marina Tejero Garcia, Uchenna Ume, Margarete Vicentine, Gabriel Wallis, Alec Bonington, Alison Uriel, Andrew Ustianowski, Balazs Dancso, Celia Hogan, Clare van Halsema, F Javier Vilar, Karen Devine, Katherine Ajdukiewicz, Rajesh Rajendran, Samit Ghosh, Michael Riste, Nicholas Machin, Chitra Babu, Shazaad Ahmad, Dorcas Obeng, Farnaz Dave, Gavin Conolley, Joseph Thompson, Maya Tickell-Painter, Prasun Chakravorty, Rachel Pringle, Mohammad R Zafar, Sarah Lawrence, Amada Sanchez-Gonzalez, Cristina Fernandez, Lynsey Goodwin, David Carey, Molly Howarth-Maddison, Samuel Moody, Rebecca Upton, Christina Apthorp, Charlotte Murray, Kirstie Salthouse, Sabah Nadeem, Grant Ridley, Francesca White, Andrew Brown, Michael Lawless, Mohamed Mohamed, Robert Mulligan, Amy Belfield, Jacob Brolly, Maria Calderon, James Cheveau, Milo Cullinan, Sophie Garrad, Will Griffiths, Aidan Ireland, Peter Ireland, Charlotte Milne, Paul Nwajiugo, Bijan Ghavami-Kia, Chris Duncan, Adam Evans, Ewan Hunter, Ashley Price, Matthias Schmid, Uli Schwab, Yusri Taha, Brendan Payne, Ivo A M Elliott, Charles J Woodrow, Drosos E Karageorgopoulos, Peter J Davis, Emily Lord, Oliver J Bannister, Andrew B Dagens, Anne Tunbridge, Saher Choudry, Adam Telfer, Ihsan Jhibril, Syed N Atta, Ben Stone, Cariad Evans, Mike Ankcorn, Suha Akili, Mehmet Yavuz, Vicky Goodall, Sam Farrow, Georgina Mountford, Kate Beard, Julian Sutton, Tristan Clark, Annette Mason, Mike Vickers, Derek Macallan, Tihana Bicanic, Angela Houston, Cassie Pope, NgeeKeong Tan, Christopher Ward, Jonathan Cohen, Marieke Emonts-le Clercq, David Porter, Andrew Riordan, Ruchi Sinha, Elizabeth Whittaker, and Monkeypox, Specialist and High Consequence Infectious Diseases Centres Network for
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Infectious Diseases - Abstract
Background:The scale of the 2022 global mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) outbreak has been unprecedented. In less than 6 months, non-endemic countries have reported more than 67 000 cases of a disease that had previously been rare outside of Africa. Mortality has been reported as rare but hospital admission has been relatively common. We aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of individuals admitted to hospital with mpox and associated complications, including tecovirimat recipients. Methods:In this cohort study, we undertook retrospective review of electronic clinical records and pathology data for all individuals admitted between May 6, and Aug 3, 2022, to 16 hospitals from the Specialist and High Consequence Infectious Diseases Network for Monkeypox. The hospitals were located in ten cities in England and Northern Ireland. Inclusion criteria were clinical signs consistent with mpox and MPXV DNA detected from at least one clinical sample by PCR testing. Patients admitted solely for isolation purposes were excluded from the study. Key outcomes included admission indication, complications (including pain, secondary infection, and mortality) and use of antibiotic and anti-viral treatments. Routine biochemistry, haematology, microbiology, and virology data were also collected. Outcomes were assessed in all patients with available data. Findings:156 individuals were admitted to hospital with complicated mpox during the study period. 153 (98%) were male and three (2%) were female, with a median age of 35 years (IQR 30–44). Gender data were collected from electronic patient records, which encompassed full formal review of clincian notes. The prespecified options for data collection for gender were male, female, trans, non-binary, or unknown. 105 (71%) of 148 participants with available ethnicity data were of White ethnicity and 47 (30%) of 155 were living with HIV with a median CD4 count of 510 cells per mm3(IQR 349–828). Rectal or perianal pain (including proctitis) was the most common indication for hospital admission (44 [28%] of 156). Severe pain was reported in 89 (57%) of 156, and secondary bacterial infection in 82 (58%) of 142 individuals with available data. Median admission duration was 5 days (IQR 2–9). Ten individuals required surgery and two cases of encephalitis were reported. 38 (24%) of the 156 individuals received tecovirimat with early cessation in four cases (two owing to hepatic transaminitis, one to rapid treatment response, and one to patient choice). No deaths occurred during the study period. Interpretation:Although life-threatening mpox appears rare in hospitalised populations during the current outbreak, severe mpox and associated complications can occur in immunocompetent individuals. Analgesia and management of superimposed bacterial infection are priorities for patients admitted to hospital.
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- 2023
8. Causal inference in survival analysis using longitudinal observational data: Sequential trials and marginal structural models
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Keogh, Ruth H, Gran, Jon Michael, Seaman, Shaun R, Davies, Gwyneth, Vansteelandt, Stijn, Keogh, Ruth H [0000-0001-6504-3253], Seaman, Shaun R [0000-0003-3726-5937], Davies, Gwyneth [0000-0001-7937-2728], Vansteelandt, Stijn [0000-0002-4207-8733], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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FOS: Computer and information sciences ,marginal structural model ,Statistics and Probability ,Models, Statistical ,Epidemiology ,registries ,target trials ,survival ,Survival Analysis ,RESEARCH ARTICLES ,time-dependent confounding ,Methodology (stat.ME) ,RESEARCH ARTICLE ,cystic fibrosis ,Causality ,Models, Structural ,Treatment Outcome ,sequential trials ,time‐dependent confounding ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,inverse probability weighting ,Statistics - Methodology ,Probability - Abstract
Longitudinal observational data on patients can be used to investigate causal effects of time-varying treatments on time-to-event outcomes. Several methods have been developed for estimating such effects by controlling for the time-dependent confounding that typically occurs. The most commonly used is marginal structural models (MSM) estimated using inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) (MSM-IPTW). An alternative, the sequential trials approach, is increasingly popular, and involves creating a sequence of "trials" from new time origins and comparing treatment initiators and non-initiators. Individuals are censored when they deviate from their treatment assignment at the start of each "trial" (initiator or noninitiator), which is accounted for using inverse probability of censoring weights. The analysis uses data combined across trials. We show that the sequential trials approach can estimate the parameters of a particular MSM. The causal estimand that we focus on is the marginal risk difference between the sustained treatment strategies of "always treat" vs "never treat." We compare how the sequential trials approach and MSM-IPTW estimate this estimand, and discuss their assumptions and how data are used differently. The performance of the two approaches is compared in a simulation study. The sequential trials approach, which tends to involve less extreme weights than MSM-IPTW, results in greater efficiency for estimating the marginal risk difference at most follow-up times, but this can, in certain scenarios, be reversed at later time points and relies on modelling assumptions. We apply the methods to longitudinal observational data from the UK Cystic Fibrosis Registry to estimate the effect of dornase alfa on survival.
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- 2023
9. Improving health outcomes of people with diabetes: target setting for the WHO Global Diabetes Compact
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Edward W Gregg, James Buckley, Mohammed K Ali, Justine Davies, David Flood, Roopa Mehta, Ben Griffiths, Lee-Ling Lim, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard, Nikhil Tandon, Gojka Roglic, Slim Slama, Jonathan E Shaw, Kokou Agoudavi, Krishna K. Aryal, Rifat Atun, Silver Bahendeka, Brice Wilfried Bicaba, Pascal Bovet, Garry Brian, Albertino Damasceno, Justine I. Davies, Maria Dorobantu, Farshad Farzadfar, Pascal Geldsetzer, Mongal Singh Gurung, David Guwatudde, Corine Houehanou, Dismand Houinato, Nahla Hwalla, Lindsay Jaacks, Bahadur Khem Karki, Demetre Labadarios, Nuno Lunet, Maja E. Marcus, Joao Martins, Theodory Mary Mayige, Bolormaa Norov, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Sarah Quesnel-Crooks, Abla M. Sibai, Lela Sturua, Michaela Theilmann, Lindiwe Tsabedze, Sebastian Vollmer, and Zhaxybay Zhumadilov
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General Medicine - Published
- 2023
10. Profiling
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Amy Burrell, Chelsea Slater, and Kari Davies
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- 2024
11. Peroxyl radicals modify 6-phosphogluconolactonase from Escherichia coli via oxidation of specific amino acids and aggregation which inhibits enzyme activity
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Juan Sebastián Reyes, Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus, Jefferson Romero, Felipe Arenas, Angélica Fierro, Michael J. Davies, and Camilo López-Alarcón
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Physiology (medical) ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2023
12. Smart recoating: A digital twin framework for optimisation and control of powder spreading in metal additive manufacturing
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Arden Phua, Peter S. Cook, Chris H.J. Davies, and Gary W. Delaney
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Strategy and Management ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2023
13. Unusual phosphatidylcholine lipid phase behavior in the ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate
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Livia Salvati Manni, Caitlin Davies, Kathleen Wood, Salvatore Assenza, Rob Atkin, and Gregory G. Warr
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Biomaterials ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2023
14. Shock waves, periodic, topological kink and singular soliton solutions of a new generalized two dimensional nonlinear wave equation of engineering physics with applications in signal processing, electromagnetism and complex media
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Oke Davies Adeyemo and Chaudry Masood Khalique
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General Engineering - Published
- 2023
15. CTC service heterogeneity and design of a workforce calculator
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I. Britton, C. Bradbury, S. Srinivas, R. Balasubramaniam, M. Dale, A. Morley-Davies, and R. Bednall
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Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,General Medicine - Published
- 2023
16. Future therapies for cystic fibrosis
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Allen, Lucy, Allen, Lorna, Carr, Siobhan B, Davies, Gwyneth, Downey, Damian, Egan, Marie, Forton, Julian T, Gray, Robert, Haworth, Charles, Horsley, Alexander, Smyth, Alan R, Southern, Kevin W, Davies, Jane C, Carr, Siobhan B [0000-0003-0580-2478], Davies, Gwyneth [0000-0001-7937-2728], Forton, Julian T [0000-0002-0580-0432], Horsley, Alexander [0000-0003-1828-0058], Smyth, Alan R [0000-0001-5494-5438], Davies, Jane C [0000-0003-3506-1199], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Multidisciplinary ,Cystic Fibrosis ,Mutation ,Humans ,Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Genetic Therapy ,General Chemistry ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
Funder: Health and Care Research Wales, Funder: Cystic Fibrosis Trust, Funder: Wellcome Trust, Funder: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), We are currently witnessing transformative change for people with cystic fibrosis with the introduction of small molecule, mutation-specific drugs capable of restoring function of the defective protein, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). However, despite being a single gene disorder, there are multiple cystic fibrosis-causing genetic variants; mutation-specific drugs are not suitable for all genetic variants and also do not correct all the multisystem clinical manifestations of the disease. For many, there will remain a need for improved treatments. Those patients with gene variants responsive to CFTR modulators may have found these therapies to be transformational; research is now focusing on safely reducing the burden of symptom-directed treatment. However, modulators are not available in all parts of the globe, an issue which is further widening existing health inequalities. For patients who are not suitable for- or do not have access to- modulator drugs, alternative approaches are progressing through the trials pipeline. There will be challenges encountered in design and implementation of these trials, for which the established global CF infrastructure is a major advantage. Here, the Cystic Fibrosis National Research Strategy Group of the UK NIHR Respiratory Translational Research Collaboration looks to the future of cystic fibrosis therapies and consider priorities for future research and development.
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- 2023
17. XQR-30: the ultimate XSHOOTER quasar sample at the reionization epoch
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Valentina D’Odorico, E Bañados, G D Becker, M Bischetti, S E I Bosman, G Cupani, R Davies, E P Farina, A Ferrara, C Feruglio, C Mazzucchelli, E Ryan-Weber, J-T Schindler, A Sodini, B P Venemans, F Walter, H Chen, S Lai, Y Zhu, F Bian, S Campo, S Carniani, S Cristiani, F Davies, R Decarli, A Drake, A-C Eilers, X Fan, P Gaikwad, S Gallerani, B Greig, M G Haehnelt, J Hennawi, L Keating, G Kulkarni, A Mesinger, R A Meyer, M Neeleman, M Onoue, A Pallottini, Y Qin, S Rojas-Ruiz, S Satyavolu, A Sebastian, R Tripodi, F Wang, M Wolfson, J Yang, M V Zanchettin, D'Odorico, Valentina, Bañados, E., Becker, G. D., Bischetti, M., Bosman, S. E. I., Cupani, G., Davies, R., Farina, E. P., Ferrara, Andrea, Feruglio, C., Mazzucchelli, C., Ryan-Weber, E., Schindler, J. -T., Sodini, A., Venemans, B. P., Walter, F., Chen, H., Lai, S., Zhu, Y., Bian, F., Campo, S., Carniani, Stefano, Cristiani, S., Decarli, R., Davies, F., Drake, A., Eilers, A. -C., Fan, X., Gaikwad, P., Gallerani, Simona, Greig, B., Haehnelt, M. G., Hennawi, J., Keating, L., Kulkarni, G., Mesinger, Andrei Albert, Meyer, R. A., Neeleman, M., Onoue, M., Pallottini, Andrea, Qin, Y., Rojas-Ruiz, S., Satyavolu, S., Sebastian, A., Tripodi, R., Wang, F., Wolfson, M., Yang, J., and Zanchettin, M. V.
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absorption line [quasars] ,dark age ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,first stars ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,emission line [quasars] ,Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,reionization ,intergalactic medium ,high-redshift [galaxies] ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
The final phase of the reionization process can be probed by rest-frame UV absorption spectra of quasars at z>6, shedding light on the properties of the diffuse intergalactic medium within the first Gyr of the Universe. The ESO Large Programme "XQR-30: the ultimate XSHOOTER legacy survey of quasars at z~5.8-6.6" dedicated ~250 hours of observations at the VLT to create a homogeneous and high-quality sample of spectra of 30 luminous quasars at z~6, covering the rest wavelength range from the Lyman limit to beyond the MgII emission. Twelve quasar spectra of similar quality from the XSHOOTER archive were added to form the enlarged XQR-30 sample, corresponding to a total of ~350 hours of on-source exposure time. The median effective resolving power of the 42 spectra is R~11400 and 9800 in the VIS and NIR arm, respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio per 10 km/s pixel ranges from ~11 to 114 at $\lambda \simeq 1285$ \AA rest frame, with a median value of ~29. We describe the observations, data reduction and analysis of the spectra, together with some first results based on the E-XQR-30 sample. New photometry in the H and K bands are provided for the XQR-30 quasars, together with composite spectra whose characteristics reflect the large absolute magnitudes of the sample. The composite and the reduced spectra are released to the community through a public repository, and will enable a range of studies addressing outstanding questions regarding the first Gyr of the Universe., Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures. Final version accepted by MNRAS
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- 2023
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18. Holocene deglaciation and glacier readvances on the Fildes Peninsula and King George Island (Isla 25 de Mayo), South Shetland Islands, NW Antarctic Peninsula
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Pablo Heredia Barión, Stephen J Roberts, Cornelia Spiegel, Steven A Binnie, Lukas Wacker, Joanna Davies, Imogen Gabriel, Vivienne J Jones, Simon Blockley, Emma J Pearson, Louise Foster, Sarah J Davies, Thomas P Roland, Emma P Hocking, Michael J Bentley, Dominic A Hodgson, Chris L Hayward, Robert D McCulloch, Jorge A Strelin, and Gerhard Kuhn
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Archeology ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,Paleontology ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
To provide insights into glacier-climate dynamics of the South Shetland Islands (SSI), NW Antarctic Peninsula, we present a new deglaciation and readvance model for the Bellingshausen Ice Cap (BIC) on Fildes Peninsula and for King George Island/Isla 25 de Mayo (KGI) ~62°S. Deglaciation on KGI began after c. 15 cal. ka BP and had progressed to within present-day limits on the Fildes Peninsula, its largest ice-free peninsula, by c. 6.6–5.3 cal. ka BP. Probability density phase analysis of chronological data constraining Holocene glacier advances on KGI revealed up to eight 95% probability ‘gaps’ during which readvances could have occurred. These are grouped into four stages – Stage 1: a readvance and marine transgression, well-constrained by field data, between c. 7.4 and 6.6 cal. ka BP; Stage 2: four probability ‘gaps’, less well-constrained by field data, between c. 5.3 and 2.2 cal. ka BP; Stage 3: a well-constrained but restricted ‘readvance’ between c. 1.7 and 1.5 cal. ka BP; Stage 4: two further minor ‘readvances’, one less well-constrained by field data between c. 1.3 and 0.7 cal. ka BP (68% probability), and a ‘final’ well-constrained ‘readvance’ after
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- 2023
19. Longitudinal expression profiling identifies a poor risk subset of patients with ABC-type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
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Findlay Bewicke-Copley, Koorosh Korfi, Shamzah Araf, Brendan Hodkinson, Emil Kumar, Thomas Cummin, Margaret Ashton-Key, Sharon Barrans, Suzan van Hoppe, Cathy Burton, Mohamed Elshiekh, Simon Rule, Nicola Crosbie, Andrew Clear, Maria Calaminici, Hendrik Runge, Robert K. Hills, David W. Scott, Lisa M. Rimsza, Geetha Menon, Chulin Sha, John R. Davies, Ai Nagano, Andrew Davies, Daniel Painter, Alexandra Smith, John Gribben, Kikkeri N. Naresh, David R. Westhead, Jessica Okosun, Andrew Steele, Daniel J. Hodson, Sriram Balasubramanian, Peter Johnson, Jun Wang, and Jude Fitzgibbon
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Hematology - Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of immuno-chemotherapy, 40% of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) experience relapse or refractory disease. Longitudinal studies have previously focused on the mutational landscape of relapse but fell short of providing a consistent relapse-specific genetic signature. In our study, we have focused attention on the changes in GEP accompanying DLBCL relapse using archival paired diagnostic/relapse specimens from 38 de novo patients with DLBCL. COO remained stable from diagnosis to relapse in 80% of patients, with only a single patient showing COO switching from activated B-cell–like (ABC) to germinal center B-cell–like (GCB). Analysis of the transcriptomic changes that occur following relapse suggest ABC and GCB relapses are mediated via different mechanisms. We developed a 30-gene discriminator for ABC–DLBCLs derived from relapse-associated genes that defined clinically distinct high- and low-risk subgroups in ABC–DLBCLs at diagnosis in datasets comprising both population-based and clinical trial cohorts. This signature also identified a population of
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- 2023
20. Life expectancy in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy is currently reduced but can be restored with timely treatment
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Benjamin M. Davies, Daniel Stubbs, Conor S. Gillespie, Ben Grodzinski, Ashwin Venkatesh, Matthew Guilfoyle, Mark R. N. Kotter, Rodney Laing, Davies, Benjamin M [0000-0003-0591-5069], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Cervical Spondylosis ,Survival ,Cervical myelopathy ,Cervical Stenosis ,Spinal Cord Diseases ,Life Expectancy ,Degeneration ,Cervical Vertebrae ,Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy ,Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament ,Humans ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,Neck ,Aged - Abstract
Purpose Degenerative cervical myelopathy is a progressive slow-motion spinal cord injury. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Baseline disability predicts surgical recovery; therefore, timely treatment is critical to restoring function. However, current challenges mean most patients present with advanced disease and are instead left with life changing disabilities. While short-term mortality is rarely reported, the long-term effects of this on life expectancy are unknown, including whether function could be modifiable with timely treatment. This article investigates the effect of DCM on life expectancy. Methods The survival of patients from an observational study of patients undergoing surgery from 1994 to 2007 was compared to their expected survival using a gender- and aged -matched cohort. Comparisons were made by one sample log-rank test and standardised mortality ratios. Factors associated with survival were explored using a Cox regression analysis, including disease severity. Results A total of 357 patients were included in the analysis. After a median follow-up of 15.3 years, 135 of 349 patients had died; 114.7 deaths would have been expected. The DCM cohort had an increased risk of death compared to the non-DCM cohort (standardised mortality ratio 1.18 [95% CI: 1.02–1.34]. Age at operation 1.08 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.1, p p = 0.02) were associated with worse survival (N = 287). In those surviving at least 2 years after surgery, only severe DCM was associated with conditional survival (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.04 2.4, p = 0.03). Conclusion Life expectancy is reduced in those undergoing surgery for DCM. This is driven by premature mortality among those left with severe disability. As disability can be reduced with timely treatment, these findings reinforce the need for collective and global action to raise awareness of DCM and enable early diagnosis.
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- 2023
21. Embodying debt: youth, consumer credit and its impacts for wellbeing
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Julia Coffey, Kate Senior, Adriana Haro, David Farrugia, Steven Threadgold, Julia Cook, Kate Davies, Barrie Shannon, Coffey, Julia, Senior, Kate, Haro, Adriana, Farrugia, David, Threadgold, Steven, Cook, Julia, Davies, Kate, and Shannon, Barrie
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youth ,wellbeing ,Sociology and Political Science ,General Social Sciences ,financialisation ,debt ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,embodiment - Abstract
Young people form the primary target demographic of new ‘buy now pay later’ (BNPL) and digital credit services. Despite consistent data showing young people as a cohort are particularly vulnerable to unsustainable levels of indebtedness, little is known about how young people define and make sense of the experience of being in debt through consumer credit services. This paper explores how indebtedness is experienced and understood in relation to wellbeing through a qualitative study using interviews alongside arts-based participatory methods of bodymapping and sandboxing with 24 young people in the Hunter region of NSW, Australia. These methods enabled particular attention to the embodied and affective elements related to the experience of indebtedness to understand debt’s significance for wellbeing for young people. The embodied and affective registers of indebtedness are integral for understanding the conditions informing how wellbeing is negotiated and felt in this context. This study considers the role of BNPL services in young people’s economic lives as part of broader processes of financialisation, and the significance of extended and ubiquitous forms of credit for young people’s wellbeing. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
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- 2023
22. Protein Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Recombinant Influenza Hemagglutinin Enhances Immunogenicity and Breadth of the Antibody Response
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Alexander J. Badten, Aaron Ramirez, Jenny E. Hernandez-Davies, Tyler J. Albin, Aarti Jain, Rie Nakajima, Jiin Felgner, D. Huw Davies, and Szu-Wen Wang
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and promotion of well-being ,Bioengineering ,Antibodies ,protein nanoparticle ,Vaccine Related ,Mice ,E2 ,Biodefense ,Influenza A Virus ,Animals ,Humans ,Nanotechnology ,H1N1 Subtype ,Viral ,hemagglutinin ,Prevention ,homosubtypic cross-reactivity ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,Recombinant Proteins ,Influenza ,heterosubtypic cross-reactivity ,Hemagglutinins ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Good Health and Well Being ,Infectious Diseases ,3.4 Vaccines ,Influenza Vaccines ,Medical Microbiology ,Antibody Formation ,maleimide tris-NTA ,Pneumonia & Influenza ,Nanoparticles ,Immunization ,influenza vaccine ,Infection ,Human ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The vast majority of seasonal influenza vaccines administered each year are derived from virus propagated in eggs using technology that has changed little since the 1930s. The immunogenicity, durability, and breadth of response would likely benefit from a recombinant nanoparticle-based approach. Although the E2 protein nanoparticle (NP) platform has been previously shown to promote effective cell-mediated responses to peptide epitopes, it has not yet been reported to deliver whole protein antigens. In this study, we synthesized a novel maleimido tris-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) linker to couple protein hemagglutinin (HA) from H1N1 influenza virus to the E2 NP, and we evaluated the HA-specific antibody responses using protein microarrays. We found that recombinant H1 protein alone is immunogenic in mice but requires two boosts for IgG to be detected and is strongly IgG1 (Th2) polarized. When conjugated to E2 NPs, IgG2c is produced leading to a more balanced Th1/Th2 response. Inclusion of the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) significantly enhances the immunogenicity of H1-E2 NPs while retaining the Th1/Th2 balance. Interestingly, broader homo- and heterosubtypic cross-reactivity is also observed for conjugated H1-E2 with MPLA, compared to unconjugated H1 with or without MPLA. These results highlight the potential of an NP-based delivery of HA for tuning the immunogenicity, breadth, and Th1/Th2 balance generated by recombinant HA-based vaccination. Furthermore, the modularity of this protein-protein conjugation strategy may have utility for future vaccine development against other human pathogens.
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- 2023
23. Ichnology of a Middle Devonian regression: Environment, terrestrialization and true substrate controls on trace fossils of the Hangman Sandstone Formation, SW England
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Davies, NS, McMahon, WJ, Shillito, AP, Veenma, YP, Craig, JA, Davies, Neil [0000-0002-0910-8283], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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37 Earth Sciences ,3705 Geology ,3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience ,14 Life Below Water ,3702 Climate Change Science - Abstract
The Eifelian-aged Hangman Sandstone Formation of southwest England is a unit of the ‘Old Red Sandstone’ that has traditionally been considered relatively barren of trace fossils. Following recent investigations, we here show it to contain the most diverse Middle Devonian non-marine ichnofauna known globally. The fluvial-lacustrine facies of its constituent Trentishoe Member contain representatives of 21 ichnogenera including Archaeonassa, Arenicolites, Beaconites, Bifungites, Circulichnis, Cruziana, Diplichnites, ?Gluckstadella, Gordia, ?Halimededes, ?Lockeia, Merostomichnites, Palmichnium, Petalichnus, Planolites, Polarichnus, Rusophycus, Siskemia, Spirophyton, Steinsfjordichnus, and Taenidium, as well as several microbially induced sedimentary structures. The transitional marine-influenced facies of the underlying Hollowbrook Member are less extensively exposed but contain four additional unique ichnogenera in the form of Cochlichnus, Halopoa, Phycodes, and Teichichnus, as well as further examples of Cruziana, Planolites and Taenidium. A revised ichnological assessment of the unit reveals several notable features, including the youngest known example of the arthropod refugia trace, Polarichnus, as well as a transitional trace fossil form of Diplichnites-Beaconites, demonstrating that the latter was produced by arthropods. As the Hangman Sandstone Formation records the culmination of a marine regression, its ichnofauna can be compared with that of the conformably underlying Lynton Formation, which was deposited in a sandy marine shelf setting. The ichnological differences between these units are acute, with 88% of the Hangman Sandstone Formation trace fossils being exclusive to non-marine or transitional facies. This observation sheds light on the terrestrialization process and indicates that the segregation of marine and non-marine trace fossil communities had accelerated by the Middle Devonian. Internal variability in ichnological signatures within the Hangman Sandstone Formation is also pronounced, with greater ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity in distal fluvio-lacustrine facies than in proximal fluvial facies. By viewing the depositional environment of the unit as a regionally extensive distributive fluvial system, this variability can be partly explained by a bias arising from the distribution of true substrates (bedding planes that demonstrably preserve an ancient sediment-air interface) in the unit, with such phenomena being more readily preserved in the lower energy outer reaches of the depositional system.
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- 2023
24. Impact of Artisanal Crude Oil Refining Effluents on Interstitial Water at a Mangrove Wetland, Asari-Toru Axis of Sombreiro River, Rivers State
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Davies I. CHRİS and Efekemo OGEHENETEKEVWE
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General Medicine - Abstract
A comparative study on the water quality of the interstitial water of two creeks in Rivers State was conducted. Temperature, pH, Conductivity, Dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, Salinity, and Total dissolved solid were checked with an in-situ hand-held multi-meter (The EZODO Multi-meter). Dissolved oxygen (DO) was measured with a Milwaukee Dissolved oxygen meter while Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) was determined by the 5-day BOD test (APHA, 2005). The temperature ranged between 28.3 to 29.3℃ in the Opro-ama creek and 26.0 -26.8℃ in Buguma creek. The pH value ranged from 6.2 to 6.8 in Opro-ama creek while that of Sa-ama creek was between 6.8 and 6.99. Salinity ranges from 9.1 to 9.5 (ppt) in the Opro-ama creek while Sa-ama creek recorded a range between 11.2 to 12.0 (ppt). The dissolved oxygen was between 1.5 and 2.3 (µS/cm) in Okpoka creek meanwhile Sa-ama creek varied between 4.6 and 4.10 (µS/cm). The biochemical oxygen demand values were between 1.4 to 2.3 (µS/cm) in Opro-ama creek while that of Sa-ama was between 1.9 to 2.4 (µS/cm). The conductivity values for the Opro-ama creek were between 10.3 and 10.6 while Sa-ama creek recorded a value of 12.5 to12.6 (µS/cm). there were significant variations (P
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- 2023
25. An approach to reporting paediatric leukoencephalopathy and leukodystrophies
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A. Davies, A. Tolliday, I. Craven, and D.J.A. Connolly
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Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,General Medicine - Published
- 2023
26. Seabird and reef conservation must include coral islands
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Tristan Berr, Maria P. Dias, Serge Andréfouët, Tammy Davies, Jonathan Handley, Matthieu Le Corre, Alexandre Millon, and Éric Vidal
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Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2023
27. Adjuvant Intravesical Chemohyperthermia Versus Passive Chemotherapy in Patients with Intermediate-risk Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (HIVEC-II): A Phase 2, Open-label, Randomised Controlled Trial
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Wei Shen Tan, Aaron Prendergast, Charlotte Ackerman, Yathushan Yogeswaran, Joanne Cresswell, Paramananthan Mariappan, Jaspal Phull, Paul Hunter-Campbell, Henry Lazarowicz, Vibhash Mishra, Abhay Rane, Melissa Davies, Hazel Warburton, Peter Cooke, Hugh Mostafid, Daniel Wilby, Robert Mills, Rami Issa, and John D. Kelly
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Urology - Abstract
Adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy following tumour resection is recommended for intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).To assess the efficacy and safety of adjuvant intravesical chemohyperthermia (CHT) for intermediate-risk NMIBC.HIVEC-II is an open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial of CHT versus chemotherapy alone in patients with intermediate-risk NMIBC recruited at 15 centres between May 2014 and December 2017 (ISRCTN 23639415). Randomisation was stratified by treating hospital.Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to adjuvant CHT with mitomycin C at 43°C or to room-temperature mitomycin C (control). Both treatment arms received six weekly instillations of 40 mg of mitomycin C lasting for 60 min.The primary endpoint was 24-mo disease-free survival as determined via cystoscopy and urinary cytology. Analysis was by intention to treat.A total of 259 patients (131 CHT vs 128 control) were randomised. At 24 mo, 42 patients (32%) in the CHT group and 49 (38%) in the control group had experienced recurrence. Disease-free survival at 24 mo was 61% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51-69%) in the CHT arm and 60% (95% CI 50-68%) in the control arm (hazard ratio [HR] 0.92, 95% CI 0.62-1.37; log-rank p = 0.8). Progression-free survival was higher in the control arm (HR 3.44, 95% CI 1.09-10.82; log-rank p = 0.02) on intention-to-treat analysis but was not significantly higher on per-protocol analysis (HR 2.87, 95% CI 0.83-9.98; log-rank p = 0.06). Overall survival was similar (HR 2.55, 95% CI 0.77-8.40; log-rank p = 0.09). Patients undergoing CHT were less likely to complete their treatment (n =75, 59% vs n = 111, 89%). Adverse events were reported by 164 patients (87 CHT vs 77 control). Major (grade III) adverse events were rare (13 CHT vs 7 control).CHT cannot be recommended over chemotherapy alone for intermediate-risk NMIBC. Adverse events following CHT were of low grade and short-lived, although patients were less likely to complete their treatment.The HIVEC-II trial investigated the role of heated chemotherapy instillations in the bladder for treatment of intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. We found no cancer control benefit from heated chemotherapy instillations over room-temperature chemotherapy. Adverse events following heated chemotherapy were low grade and short-lived, although these patients were less likely to complete their treatment.
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- 2023
28. The impact of heterotopic ossification prophylaxis after surgical fixation of acetabular fractures: national treatment patterns and related outcomes
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Adam Boissonneault, Nathan O Hara, David Pogorzelski, Lucas Marchand, Thomas Higgins, Leah Gitajn, Mark J. Gage, Roman M. Natoli, Ishani Sharma, Sarah Pierrie, Robert V O’Toole, Sheila Sprague, Gerard Slobogean, Gerard P. Slobogean, Jeffrey Wells, Mohit Bhandari, Anthony D. Harris, C. Daniel Mullins, Lehana Thabane, Amber Wood, Gregory J. Della Rocca, Joan Hebden, Kyle J. Jeray, Lucas S. Marchand, Lyndsay M. O'Hara, Robert Zura, Christopher Lee, Joseph Patterson, Michael J. Gardner, Jenna Blasman, Jonah Davies, Stephen Liang, Monica Taljaard, PJ Devereaux, Gordon H. Guyatt, Diane Heels-Ansdell, Debra Marvel, Jana Palmer Jeffrey Wells, Jeff Friedrich, Nathan N. O'Hara, Frances Grissom, I. Leah Gitajn, Saam Morshed, Robert V. O'Toole, Bradley A. Petrisor, Franca Mossuto, Manjari G. Joshi, Jean-Claude D'Alleyrand, Justin Fowler, Jessica Rivera, Max Talbot, Shannon Dodds, Silvia Li, Alejandra Rojas, Gina Del Fabbro, Olivia Paige Szasz, Paula McKay, Alexandra Minea, Andrea Howe, Haley Demyanovich, Michelle Medeiros, Genevieve Polk, Eric Kettering, Nirmen Mahal, Andrew Eglseder, Aaron Johnson, Christopher Langhammer, Christopher Lebrun, Jason Nascone, Raymond Pensy, Andrew Pollak, Marcus Sciadini, Yasmin Degani, Haley K. Demyanovich, Heather Phipps, Eric Hempen, Christine Holler, Brad A. Petrisor, Herman Johal, Bill Ristevski, Dale Williams, Matthew Denkers, Krishan Rajaratnam, Jamal Al-Asiri, Jodi Gallant, Kaitlyn Pusztai, Sarah MacRae, Sara Renaud, John D. Adams, Michael L. Beckish, Christopher C. Bray, Timothy R. Brown, Andrew W. Cross, Timothy Dew, Gregory K. Faucher, Richard W. Gurich, David E. Lazarus, S. John Millon, M. Christian Moody, M. Jason Palmer, Scott E. Porter, Thomas M. Schaller, Michael S. Sridhar, John L. Sanders, L. Edwin Rudisill, Michael J. Garitty, Andrew S. Poole, Michael L. Sims, Clark M. Walker, Robert Carlisle, Erin A. Hofer, Brandon Huggins, Michael Hunter, William Marshall, Shea B. Ray, Cory Smith, Kyle M. Altman, Erin Pichiotino, Julia C. Quirion, Markus F. Loeffler, Erin R. Pichiotino, Austin A. Cole, Ethan J. Maltz, Wesley Parker, T. Bennett Ramsey, Alex Burnikel, Michael Colello, Russell Stewart, Jeremy Wise, Matthew Anderson, Joshua Eskew, Benjamin Judkins, James M. Miller, Stephanie L. Tanner, Rebecca G. Snider, Christine E. Townsend, Kayla H. Pham, Abigail Martin, Emily Robertson, Emily Bray, J. Wilson Sykes, Krystina Yoder, Kelsey Conner, Harper Abbott, Todd O. McKinley, Walter W. Virkus, Anthony T. Sorkin, Jan P. Szatkowski, Brian H. Mullis, Yohan Jang, Luke A. Lopas, Lauren C. Hill, Courteney L. Fentz, Maricela M. Diaz, Krista Brown, Katelyn M. Garst, Emma W. Denari, Patrick Osborn, Maria Herrera, Theodore Miclau, Meir Marmor, Amir Matityahu, R. Trigg McClellan, David Shearer, Paul Toogood, Anthony Ding, Jothi Murali, Ashraf El Naga, Jennifer Tangtiphaiboontana, Tigist Belaye, Eleni Berhaneselase, Dmitry Pokhvashchev, William T Obremskey, Amir Alex Jahangir, Manish Sethi, Robert Boyce, Daniel J. Stinner, Phillip Mitchell, Karen Trochez, Elsa Rodriguez, Charles Pritchett, Natalie Hogan, A. Fidel Moreno, Jennifer E. Hagen, Matthew Patrick, Richard Vlasak, Thomas Krupko, Michael Talerico, Marybeth Horodyski, Marissa Pazik, Elizabeth Lossada-Soto, Joshua L. Gary, Stephen J Warner, John W. Munz, Andrew M. Choo, Timothy S. Achor, Milton L. 'Chip' Routt, Michael Kutzler, Sterling Boutte, Ryan J. Warth, Michael Prayson, Indresh Venkatarayappa, Brandon Horne, Jennifer Jerele, Linda Clark, Christina Boulton, Jason Lowe, John T. Ruth, Brad Askam, Andrea Seach, Alejandro Cruz, Breanna Featherston, Robin Carlson, Iliana Romero, Isaac Zarif, Niloofar Dehghan, Michael McKee, Clifford B Jones, Debra L Sietsema, Alyse Williams, Tayler Dykes, Ernesto Guerra-Farfan, Jordi Tomas-Hernandez, Jordi Teixidor-Serra, Vicente Molero-Garcia, Jordi Selga-Marsa, Juan Antonio Porcel-Vazquez, Jose Vicente Andres-Peiro, Ignacio Esteban-Feliu, Nuria Vidal-Tarrason, Jordi Serracanta, Jorge Nuñez-Camarena, Maria del Mar Villar-Casares, Jaume Mestre-Torres, Pilar Lalueza-Broto, Felipe Moreira-Borim, Yaiza Garcia-Sanchez, Francesc Marcano-Fernández, Laia Martínez-Carreres, David Martí-Garín, Jorge Serrano-Sanz, Joel Sánchez-Fernández, Matsuyama Sanz-Molero, Alejandro Carballo, Xavier Pelfort, Francesc Acerboni-Flores, Anna Alavedra-Massana, Neus Anglada-Torres, Alexandre Berenguer, Jaume Cámara-Cabrera, Ariadna Caparros-García, Ferran Fillat-Gomà, Ruben Fuentes-López, Ramona Garcia-Rodriguez, Nuria Gimeno-Calavia, Marta Martínez-Álvarez, Patricia Martínez-Grau, Raúl Pellejero-García, Ona Ràfols-Perramon, Juan Manuel Peñalver, Mònica Salomó Domènech, Albert Soler-Cano, Aldo Velasco-Barrera, Christian Yela-Verdú, Mercedes Bueno-Ruiz, Estrella Sánchez-Palomino, Vito Andriola, Matilde Molina-Corbacho, Yeray Maldonado-Sotoca, Alfons Gasset-Teixidor, Jorge Blasco-Moreu, Núria Fernández-Poch, Josep Rodoreda-Puigdemasa, Arnau Verdaguer-Figuerola, Heber Enrique Cueva-Sevieri, Santiago Garcia-Gimenez, Darius G. Viskontas, Kelly L. Apostle, Dory S. Boyer, Farhad O. Moola, Bertrand H. Perey, Trevor B. Stone, H. Michael Lemke, Ella Spicer, Kyrsten Payne, Robert A. Hymes, Cary C. Schwartzbach, Jeff E. Schulman, A. Stephen Malekzadeh, Michael A. Holzman, Greg E. Gaski, Jonathan Wills, Holly Pilson, Eben A. Carroll, Jason J. Halvorson, Sharon Babcock, J. Brett Goodman, Martha B. Holden, Wendy Williams, Taylor Hill, Ariel Brotherton, Nicholas M. Romeo, Heather A Vallier, Anna Vergon, Thomas F. Higgins, Justin M. Haller, David L. Rothberg, Zachary M. Olsen, Abby V. McGowan, Sophia Hill, Morgan K. Dauk, Patrick F. Bergin, George V. Russell, Matthew L. Graves, John Morellato, Sheketha L. McGee, Eldrin L. Bhanat, Ugur Yener, Rajinder Khanna, Priyanka Nehete, Dr. David Potter, Dr. Robert VanDemark, Kyle Seabold, Nicholas Staudenmier, Marcus Coe, Kevin Dwyer, Devin S. Mullin, Theresa A. Chockbengboun, Peter A. DePalo, Kevin Phelps, Michael Bosse, Madhav Karunakar, Laurence Kempton, Stephen Sims, Joseph Hsu, Rachel Seymour, Christine Churchill, Ada Mayfield, Juliette Sweeney, Todd Jaeblon, Robert Beer, Brent Bauer, Sean Meredith, Sneh Talwar, Christopher M. Domes, Rachel M. Reilly, Ariana Paniagua, JaNell Dupree, Michael J. Weaver, Arvind G. von Keudell, Abigail E. Sagona, Samir Mehta, Derek Donegan, Annamarie Horan, Mary Dooley, Marilyn Heng, Mitchel B. Harris, David W. Lhowe, John G. Esposito, Ahmad Alnasser, Steven F. Shannon, Alesha N. Scott, Bobbi Clinch, Becky Weber, Michael J. Beltran, Michael T. Archdeacon, Henry Claude Sagi, John D. Wyrick, Theodore Toan Le, Richard T. Laughlin, Cameron G. Thomson, Kimberly Hasselfeld, Carol A. Lin, Mark S. Vrahas, Charles N. Moon, Milton T. Little, Geoffrey S. Marecek, Denice M. Dubuclet, John A. Scolaro, James R. Learned, Philip K. Lim, Susan Demas, Arya Amirhekmat, and Yan Marco Dela Cruz
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General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2023
29. Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty tissue type and endothelial cell loss over time
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Dionysia, Hahn and Emma, Davies
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Ophthalmology ,General Medicine - Abstract
To investigate endothelial cell loss after Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) when surgery is performed with surgeon-loaded tissue versus preloaded tissue.The endothelial cell count over time of patients who underwent the last DMEK surgery by a single surgeon with surgeon-loaded tissue from 2014-2017 was compared to that of patients who underwent the first DMEK surgery by different single surgeon with preloaded tissue from 2017-2020.Baseline characteristics, including age, sex, and baseline endothelial cell count of DMEK grafts, were not statistically different between the groups. Endothelial cell loss both immediately after surgery and continuing over a 4-year period after surgery was greater in the surgeon-loaded DMEK group compared to the preloaded DMEK group based on log-regression curve analysis. Endothelial cell loss was statistically significantly greater at 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 4 years after DMEK surgery with surgeon-loaded tissue compared to preloaded tissue on analysis of variance testing.Preloaded DMEK tissue has significantly less endothelial cell loss both initially after surgery and over time compared to surgeon-loaded DMEK tissue, providing support for use of preloaded DMEK tissue for surgery.
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- 2023
30. Who is a coach and who is a coaching psychologist? Professionalising coaching psychology in the United Kingdom
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Tia Moin, Andrea Giraldez-Hayes, Marie Stopforth, Jenny Lynden, and Laura Rees-Davies
- Abstract
As the British Psychological Society establishes a new Division of Coaching Psychology and routes to chartered membership for coaching psychologists, we revisit the ongoing dialogue into the professionalisation of coaching psychology, with a specific focus on practice in the United Kingdom (UK). We attempt to make distinctions between the practice of a coaching psychologist and a professionally qualified coach. First, we offer an overview of the development of coaching psychology over recent years, contemplating the need to regulate it as a profession. Following that, we consider some of the main coaching and coaching psychology definitions in an attempt to delineate the practice of coaching psychologists from that of non-psychologist coaches. Next, we compare approaches to training and some of the differences between coaching and coaching psychology, as well as the need for an ethical framework and supervision for coaching psychologists. Finally, we conclude by offering a final thought about who is a coaching psychologist.
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- 2023
31. Robust and prototypical immune responses toward COVID-19 vaccine in First Nations peoples are impacted by comorbidities
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Wuji Zhang, Lukasz Kedzierski, Brendon Y. Chua, Mark Mayo, Claire Lonzi, Vanessa Rigas, Bianca F. Middleton, Hayley A. McQuilten, Louise C. Rowntree, Lilith F. Allen, Ruth A. Purcell, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Jan Petersen, Priyanka Chaurasia, Francesca Mordant, Mikhail V. Pogorelyy, Anastasia A. Minervina, Jeremy Chase Crawford, Griffith B. Perkins, Eva Zhang, Stephanie Gras, E. Bridie Clemens, Jennifer A. Juno, Jennifer Audsley, David S. Khoury, Natasha E. Holmes, Irani Thevarajan, Kanta Subbarao, Florian Krammer, Allen C. Cheng, Miles P. Davenport, Branka Grubor-Bauk, P. Toby Coates, Britt Christensen, Paul G. Thomas, Adam K. Wheatley, Stephen J. Kent, Jamie Rossjohn, Amy W. Chung, John Boffa, Adrian Miller, Sarah Lynar, Jane Nelson, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Jane Davies, and Katherine Kedzierska
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Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
High-risk groups, including Indigenous people, are at risk of severe COVID-19. Here we found that Australian First Nations peoples elicit effective immune responses to COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccination, including neutralizing antibodies, receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific B cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In First Nations participants, RBD IgG antibody titers were correlated with body mass index and negatively correlated with age. Reduced RBD antibodies, spike-specific B cells and follicular helper T cells were found in vaccinated participants with chronic conditions (diabetes, renal disease) and were strongly associated with altered glycosylation of IgG and increased interleukin-18 levels in the plasma. These immune perturbations were also found in non-Indigenous people with comorbidities, indicating that they were related to comorbidities rather than ethnicity. However, our study is of a great importance to First Nations peoples who have disproportionate rates of chronic comorbidities and provides evidence of robust immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination in Indigenous people.
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- 2023
32. HDL Function and Atherosclerosis: Reactive Dicarbonyls as Promising Targets of Therapy
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MacRae F. Linton, Patricia G. Yancey, Huan Tao, and Sean S. Davies
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Physiology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Epidemiologic studies detected an inverse relationship between HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), identifying HDL-C as a major risk factor for ASCVD and suggesting atheroprotective functions of HDL. However, the role of HDL-C as a mediator of risk for ASCVD has been called into question by the failure of HDL-C–raising drugs to reduce cardiovascular events in clinical trials. Progress in understanding the heterogeneous nature of HDL particles in terms of their protein, lipid, and small RNA composition has contributed to the realization that HDL-C levels do not necessarily reflect HDL function. The most examined atheroprotective function of HDL is reverse cholesterol transport, whereby HDL removes cholesterol from plaque macrophage foam cells and delivers it to the liver for processing and excretion into bile. Indeed, in several studies, HDL has shown inverse associations between HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and ASCVD in humans. Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque formation, and a fundamental function of HDL is suppression of inflammatory signaling in macrophages and other cells. Oxidation is also a critical process to ASCVD in promoting atherogenic oxidative modifications of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and cellular inflammation. HDL and its proteins including apoAI (apolipoprotein AI) and PON1 (paraoxonase 1) prevent cellular oxidative stress and LDL modifications. Importantly, HDL in humans with ASCVD is oxidatively modified rendering HDL dysfunctional and proinflammatory. Modification of HDL with reactive carbonyl species, such as malondialdehyde and isolevuglandins, dramatically impairs the antiatherogenic functions of HDL. Importantly, treatment of murine models of atherosclerosis with scavengers of reactive dicarbonyls improves HDL function and reduces systemic inflammation, atherosclerosis development, and features of plaque instability. Here, we discuss the HDL antiatherogenic functions in relation to oxidative modifications and the potential of reactive dicarbonyl scavengers as a therapeutic approach for ASCVD.
- Published
- 2023
33. Motorist disorientation syndrome; clinical features and vestibular findings
- Author
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Carolyn Ainsworth, Rosalyn Davies, Ian Colvin, and Louisa Murdin
- Subjects
Otorhinolaryngology ,General Neuroscience ,Neurology (clinical) ,Sensory Systems - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Motorist Disorientation Syndrome (MDS) is a term used to describe patients who primarily experience symptoms of dizziness/disorientation whilst in a motor car [21]. There is uncertainty about the relevance of vestibular dysfunction and whether this disorder could instead be a visually induced dizziness (VV) or part of a functional disorder similar to Persistent postural perceptual dizziness (PPPD). OBJECTIVE: We present the largest case-series to date of patients whose main complaint is of illusions of movement of self/vehicle when driving, characterising features of this group. METHODS: 18 subjects underwent detailed clinical assessment including validated questionnaires. A subset of patients underwent vestibular function testing. RESULTS: Mean onset age was 42 years, with no gender preponderance. Mean symptom duration was 6.39 years and was significantly longer in women. 50% reported moderate or severe handicap. Vestibular abnormalities were found in 60% of subjects tested. There was no significant difference in VSS total score between those with MDS and vestibular migraine (p = 0.154) with both having higher scores than healthy controls (p = 0.002, 0.000 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: MDS represents consistent symptoms, with high symptom burden, comparable to vestibular migraine. Vestibular deficits were not a consistent feature and similarities to VV and PPPD exist.
- Published
- 2023
34. Projecting the future: modelling Australian dialysis prevalence 2021–30
- Author
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Dominic Keuskamp, Christopher E. Davies, Georgina L. Irish, Shilpanjali Jesudason, and Stephen P. McDonald
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Health Policy - Abstract
Objectives To project the prevalence of people receiving dialysis in Australia for 2021–30 to inform service planning and health policy. Methods Estimates were based on data from 2011 to 2020 from the Australia & New Zealand Dialysis & Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry and the Australian Bureau of Statistics. We projected dialysis and functioning kidney transplant recipient populations for the years 2021–30. Discrete-time, non-homogenous Markov models were built on probabilities for transition between three mutually exclusive states (Dialysis, Functioning Transplant, Death), for five age groups. Two scenarios were employed – stable transplant rate vs a continued increase – to assess the impact of these scenarios on the projected prevalences. Results Models projected a 22.5–30.4% growth in the dialysis population from 14 554 in 2020 to 17 829 (‘transplant growth’) – 18 973 (‘transplant stable’) by 2030. An additional 4983–6484 kidney transplant recipients were also projected by 2030. Dialysis incidence per population increased and dialysis prevalence growth exceeded population ageing in 40–59 and 60–69 year age groups. The greatest dialysis prevalence growth was seen among those aged ≥70 years. Conclusion Modelling of the future prevalence of dialysis use highlights the increasing demand on services expected overall and especially by people aged ≥70 years. Appropriate funding and healthcare planning must meet this demand.
- Published
- 2023
35. Promoting psychological interventions in psychosis: the NSW Tertiary Referral Service for Psychosis
- Author
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Kimberley Davies, Chloe Gott, Anna Ferdman, Kenneth Lloyd, Nefeli Pnevmatikos, Emma Chase, and Julia Lappin
- Subjects
Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,General Psychology - Published
- 2023
36. Self-reported walking pace: A simple screening tool with lowest risk of all-cause mortality in those that ‘walk the talk’
- Author
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Alex V. Rowlands, Paddy C. Dempsey, Benjamin Maylor, Cameron Razieh, Francesco Zaccardi, Melanie J. Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, and Thomas Yates
- Subjects
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine - Published
- 2023
37. The VEGFR/PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ABT-869, blocks necroptosis by targeting RIPK1 kinase
- Author
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Catia L. Pierotti, Annette V. Jacobsen, Christoph Grohmann, Ruby K. Dempsey, Nima Etemadi, Joanne M. Hildebrand, Cheree Fitzgibbon, Samuel N. Young, Katherine A. Davies, Wilhelmus J. A. Kersten, John Silke, Kym N. Lowes, Hélène Jousset Sabroux, David C. S. Huang, Mark F. van Delft, James M. Murphy, and Guillaume Lessene
- Subjects
Cell Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Necroptosis is a mode of programmed, lytic cell death that is executed by the mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) pseudokinase following activation by the upstream kinases, receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase (RIPK)-1 and RIPK3. Dysregulated necroptosis has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many human diseases, including inflammatory and degenerative conditions, infectious diseases and cancers, provoking interest in pharmacological targeting of the pathway. To identify small molecules impacting on the necroptotic machinery, we performed a phenotypic screen using a mouse cell line expressing an MLKL mutant that kills cells in the absence of upstream death or pathogen detector receptor activation. This screen identified the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ABT-869 (Linifanib), as a small molecule inhibitor of necroptosis. We applied a suite of cellular, biochemical and biophysical analyses to pinpoint the apical necroptotic kinase, RIPK1, as the target of ABT-869 inhibition. Our study adds to the repertoire of established protein kinase inhibitors that additionally target RIPK1 and raises the prospect that serendipitous targeting of necroptosis signalling may contribute to their clinical efficacy in some settings.
- Published
- 2023
38. Patient attitudes to nebulised antibiotics in the treatment of bronchiectasis: a mixed-methods study
- Author
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John Davison, Anna Robinson-Barella, Gareth Davies, Marina Campos-Hinojosa, Camille Collins, Andy Husband, Daniel Okeowo, Katy LM Hester, Richard Lee, Tim Rapley, and Anthony De Soyza
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine - Abstract
BackgroundRegular daily nebulised antibiotics are widely used in managing bronchiectasis. This patient population typically has severe bronchiectasis requiring multiple other medications. Given that little is known on patients’ views and preferences for such therapies, this was the focus of our study.MethodsTo explore patient lived-experience using nebulised antibiotics, focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients and carers; these were audio-recorded and transcribed to enable thematic analysis. QSR NVivo facilitated data management. The themes developed from the qualitative data analysis were then used to co-design a questionnaire to capture attitudes and preferences towards nebulised therapy. Questionnaires were completed by patients and statistical analysis was performed. Ethical approval was obtained (13/WS/0036).ResultsThirteen patients and carers took part in the study's focus groups, and 101 patients completed the questionnaire. Patients described nebulised therapy as an imposition on their daily routine, in turn affecting reported rates of adherence. Results demonstrated that 10% of all patients using nebulised antibiotics found these hard/very hard to administer. Further, 53% of participants strongly agreed/agreed that they would prefer an antibiotic delivered by an inhaler, over a nebuliser, if it was as effective at preventing exacerbations. Notably, only 10% of participants wished to remain on nebulised therapy.ConclusionsInhaled antibiotics, deliveredviadry power devices were deemed quicker and easier to use by patients. Providing they were at least as effective as current nebulised treatments, patients deemed inhaled antibiotics to be a preferable treatment option.
- Published
- 2023
39. A Numerical Approximation on Black-Scholes Equation of Option Pricing
- Author
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Onugu, Christain, Davies, Iyai, and Amad, Innocent Uchenna
- Subjects
General Medicine - Abstract
This paper considered the notion of European option which is geared towards solving analytical and numerical solutions. In particular, we examined the Black-Scholes closed form solution and modified Black-Scholes (MBS) partial differential equation using Crank-Nicolson finite difference method. These partial differential equations were approximated to obtain Call and Put option prices. The explicit price of both options is found accordingly. The numerical solutions were compared to the closed form prices of Black-Scholes formula. More so, comparisons of other parameters were discussed for the purpose of investment plans. The computational results shows: increase in stock volatility increases the value of options, when the initial stock price is equal to its strike price the values of call option is higher than the put option. This informs the investor about the behavior of stock prices for the purpose of decision making. Finally, all simulation results presented graphically using MATLAB.
- Published
- 2023
40. Valuing Theory and Practice: Using a Portfolio Lens to Publish Research on Projects
- Author
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Andrew Davies and Samuel C. MacAulay
- Subjects
Management of Technology and Innovation ,Strategy and Management ,Business and International Management - Abstract
This article maps the contributions project scholars can make in management journals. Research on projects cuts across disciplinary boundaries, with scholars working in institutions with different norms, epistemologies, rewards, and selection environments. But this diversity can make it hard to know where to publish. We hope our map of the publication landscape—the “V diagram”—will help project scholars better understand and respect one another’s diverse contributions and make conversations across the field flourish.
- Published
- 2023
41. Design of novel therapeutics targeting the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) to aid weight loss
- Author
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Iona Davies and Tricia M.M Tan
- Subjects
Drug Discovery - Published
- 2023
42. Artificial intelligence in medical device software and high-risk medical devices – a review of definitions, expert recommendations and regulatory initiatives
- Author
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Alan G Fraser, Elisabetta Biasin, Bart Bijnens, Nico Bruining, Enrico G Caiani, Koen Cobbaert, Rhodri H Davies, Stephen H Gilbert, Leo Hovestadt, Erik Kamenjasevic, Zuzanna Kwade, Gearóid McGauran, Gearóid O’Connor, Baptiste Vasey, and Frank E Rademakers
- Subjects
Biomedical Engineering ,Surgery ,General Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) encompasses a wide range of algorithms with risks when used to support decisions about diagnosis or treatment, so professional and regulatory bodies are recommending how they should be managed. Areas covered: AI systems may qualify as standalone medical device software (MDSW) or be embedded within a medical device. Within the European Union (EU) AI software must undergo a conformity assessment procedure to be approved as a medical device. The draft EU Regulation on AI proposes rules that will apply across industry sectors, while for devices the Medical Device Regulation also applies. In the CORE-MD project (Coordinating Research and Evidence for Medical Devices), we have surveyed definitions and summarize initiatives made by professional consensus groups, regulators, and standardization bodies. Expert opinion: The level of clinical evidence required should be determined according to each application and to legal and methodological factors that contribute to risk, including accountability, transparency, and interpretability. EU guidance for MDSW based on international recommendations does not yet describe the clinical evidence needed for medical AI software. Regulators, notified bodies, manufacturers, clinicians and patients would all benefit from common standards for the clinical evaluation of high-risk AI applications and transparency of their evidence and performance.
- Published
- 2023
43. AI4Green: An Open-Source ELN for Green and Sustainable Chemistry
- Author
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Samuel Boobier, Joseph C. Davies, Ivan N. Derbenev, Christopher M. Handley, and Jonathan D. Hirst
- Subjects
General Chemical Engineering ,General Chemistry ,Library and Information Sciences ,Computer Science Applications - Published
- 2023
44. The Impact of Fourier Series Expansion on the Analysis of Asset Value Function and its Return Rates for Capital Markets
- Author
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Loko, Onewunmi Perelah, Davies, Iyai, and Amadi, Innocent Uchenna
- Subjects
General Medicine - Abstract
The effect of Fourier series expansion on the solution of Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) is considered herein. The detailed measures which govern price function of return rate for capital investments are obtained periodically. Sufficient conditions of stating mathematical propositions and proving it by means of Fourier series expansion are given. These price functions were used as drift (return rate) parameter in the solution of proposed model which follow various pattern according to their propositions. This way, the desired complete solutions were obtained. Finally, the effects of the relevant parameters were demonstrated graphically for the purpose of decision making.
- Published
- 2023
45. Exploring the acute effects of running on cerebral blood flow and food cue reactivity in healthy young men using functional magnetic resonance imaging
- Author
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Alice E. Thackray, Elanor C. Hinton, Turki M. Alanazi, Abdulrahman M. Dera, Kyoko Fujihara, Julian P. Hamilton‐Shield, James A. King, Fiona E. Lithander, Masashi Miyashita, Julie Thompson, Paul S. Morgan, Melanie J. Davies, and David J. Stensel
- Subjects
Neurology ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy - Published
- 2023
46. Characterisation of an endospore population of Pasteuria that adheres to the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii
- Author
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Ramona Hirschfield, Sharad Mohan, and Keith G. Davies
- Subjects
Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Summary Selected strains of Pasteuria species from the endospore-forming Gram-positive bacteria group have the potential to be developed into control agents for plant-parasitic nematodes. If Pasteuria is to be deployed successfully as a control agent, endospores of the bacterium initially have to adhere to the cuticle of the infective juvenile. Studies of the bacteria isolated from root-knot nematodes have suggested that collagen-like fibres on the endospore surface interact with a cuticle receptor on the second-stage juvenile through a host specific ‘Velcro-like’ mechanism. However, very little is known regarding the biochemical nature of the mechanism in Pasteuria strains isolated from cyst nematodes. Here, using several polyclonal antibodies raised to whole endospores and to synthetic collagen-like peptides, we compare two Pasteuria populations, one a strain from a root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and another from cowpea cyst nematode, Heterodera cajani. We demonstrate that there is differential adhesion of endospores to the beet cyst nematode H. schachtii and that the sugar moieties on the endospore surface may protect the collagen-like fibres on the endospore from proteolytic digestion and be involved in the endospore’s specificity.
- Published
- 2023
47. Review of Thomas Middleton’s Michaelmas Term (Directed by Perry Mills for Edward’s Boys) at the Inner Temple, London, 17 March 2023
- Author
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Bethan Davies
- Subjects
Literature and Literary Theory ,Visual Arts and Performing Arts - Published
- 2023
48. Association of mental health symptoms on HIV care outcomes and retention in treatment
- Author
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Cristina M. Lopez, Angela Moreland, Nada M. Goodrum, Faraday Davies, Eric G. Meissner, and Carla K. Danielson
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health - Published
- 2023
49. Favipiravir in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 (PIONEER trial): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised controlled trial of early intervention versus standard care
- Author
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Pallav L Shah, Christopher M Orton, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Gavin C Donaldson, Brenda Crabtree Ramírez, James Tonkin, Breno R Santos, Sandra W Cardoso, Andrew I Ritchie, Francesca Conway, Maria P D Riberio, Dexter J Wiseman, Anand Tana, Bavithra Vijayakumar, Cielito Caneja, Craig Leaper, Bobby Mann, Anda Samson, Pankaj K Bhavsar, Marta Boffito, Mark R Johnson, Anton Pozniak, Michael Pelly, Damon Foster, Nadia Shabbir, Simon Connolly, Andrea Cartier, Sajjida Jaffer, Carmen Winpenny, Doris Daby, Samuel Pepper, Christine Adamson, Jamie Carungcong, Kribashnie Nundlall, Serge Fedele, Pardina Samson-Fessale, Alexandra Schoolmeesters, Laura Gomes de Almeida Martins, Rhian Bull, Patricia Correia Da Costa, Carina Bautista, Maria Eleanor Flores, Shameera Maheswaran, Lester Macabodbod, Rosalie Houseman, Marie-Louise Svensson, Amrinder Sayan, Carrie Fung, Justin Garner, Dilys Lai, Mark Nelson, Luke Moore, Shewta Gidwani, Gary Davies, Beatrice Ouma, Clovis Salinos, Jad Salha, Redasaad Yassein, Abdul Abbasi, Metod Oblak, Angelica Steward, Mini Thankachen, Amy Barker, Candida Fernandes, Veronica Beatriz, Leah Flores, Alfredo Soler-Carracedo, Alessandra Rocca, Carmela Martella, Charlotte Lloyd, Ciara Nolan, Latoya Horsford, Laura Martins, Lervina Thomas, Mark Winstanley, Miriam Bourke, Nicholas Branch, Orhan Orhan, Richard Morton, Sangeetha Saunder, Shashank Patil, Stephen Hughes, Wu Zhe, Ashley De Leon, Ayaan Farah, Grace Rya, Katrin Alizadeh, Kirsty Leong, Laure Trepte, Nupur Goel, Patrick McGown, Ursula Kirwan, Tamiris Vilela Baião, Luana Marins, Sandro Nazer, Raquel Malaguthi de Souza, Marcella Feitosa, Flavia Lessa, Elizabeth Silva de Magalhães, Jamile Costenaro, Rita de Cassia Alves Lira, Ana Carolina, Andréa Cauduro de Castro, Andre Machado Da Silva, Dimas Kliemann, Rita De Cassia Alves Lira, Gemma Walker, Donna Norton, Vicki Lowthorpe, Monica Ivan, Patrick Lillie, Nicholas Easom, Juan Sierra Madero, Álvaro López Iñiguez, Guadalupe Patricia Muñuzuri Nájera, Claudia Paola Alarcón Murra, Audelia Alanis Vega, Teresa Muñoz Trejo, and Olivia Pérez Rodríguez
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine - Abstract
COVID-19 has overwhelmed health services globally. Oral antiviral therapies are licensed worldwide, but indications and efficacy rates vary. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral favipiravir in patients hospitalised with COVID-19.We conducted a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial of oral favipiravir in adult patients who were newly admitted to hospital with proven or suspected COVID-19 across five sites in the UK (n=2), Brazil (n=2) and Mexico (n=1). Using a permuted block design, eligible and consenting participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive oral favipiravir (1800 mg twice daily for 1 day; 800 mg twice daily for 9 days) plus standard care, or standard care alone. All caregivers and patients were aware of allocation and those analysing data were aware of the treatment groups. The prespecified primary outcome was the time from randomisation to recovery, censored at 28 days, which was assessed using an intention-to-treat approach. Post-hoc analyses were used to assess the efficacy of favipiravir in patients aged younger than 60 years, and in patients aged 60 years and older. The trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04373733.Between May 5, 2020 and May 26, 2021, we assessed 503 patients for eligibility, of whom 499 were randomly assigned to favipiravir and standard care (n=251) or standard care alone (n=248). There was no significant difference between those who received favipiravir and standard care, relative to those who received standard care alone in time to recovery in the overall study population (hazard ratio [HR] 1·06 [95% CI 0·89-1·27]; n=499; p=0·52). Post-hoc analyses showed a faster rate of recovery in patients younger than 60 years who received favipiravir and standard care versus those who had standard care alone (HR 1·35 [1·06-1·72]; n=247; p=0·01). 36 serious adverse events were observed in 27 (11%) of 251 patients administered favipiravir and standard care, and 33 events were observed in 27 (11%) of 248 patients receiving standard care alone, with infectious, respiratory, and cardiovascular events being the most numerous. There was no significant between-group difference in serious adverse events per patient (p=0·87).Favipiravir does not improve clinical outcomes in all patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, however, patients younger than 60 years might have a beneficial clinical response. The indiscriminate use of favipiravir globally should be cautioned, and further high-quality studies of antiviral agents, and their potential treatment combinations, are warranted in COVID-19.LifeArc and CW+.
- Published
- 2023
50. Utilizing a Questionnaire to Implement a Risk-based Antibiotic Prophylaxis Protocol for Transrectal Prostate Biopsy
- Author
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Zeynep G. Gul, Michelle Yu, Danielle R. Sharbaugh, Kelly R. Pekala, Jonathan Y. Lin, Adam J. Sharbaugh, Toby S. Zhu, Hermoon Worku, Kody M. Armann, Chandler N. Hudson, Jordan M. Hay, Valentina Grajales, Jonathan G. Yabes, Benjamin J. Davies, and Bruce L. Jacobs
- Subjects
Urology - Published
- 2023
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