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Introduction This paper is part of the theoretical thread of health psychology and it presents a study aimed to recognize information useful to implement psychological interventions finalized to personalize medical treatments and engage users in pediatrics. Objective In this paper is presented an observational study aimed to explore doctor-patient dialog about worries in pediatric primary care; it has been carried out identifying dialogical interaction patterns, or typical dialog between health providers, parent and child. Method We documented conversations in 265 visits; we audio-recordered, transcribed and analyzed them with Verona Coding Definitions of Emotional Sequences. Dialogs between participants were analyzed one by one. Frequencies of emotions’ signals (cues/concerns) and responses were analyzed through Redundancy Analysis, aimed to establish a quantitative relationship between these pair of groups of variables considering the asymmetrical relationship between them. Results Six “Dialogical Interaction Patterns” were obtained by interpreting these relationships; they show dialogs mainly aimed at obtaining information useful for diagnosis and treatment, with a limited exploration of worries or issues related to the condition of the child. Pediatric conversations seem to be characterized by a very high attention to cognitive aspects of medical questions with a poor consideration of emotions as useful information to medical practice. Conclusions These dialogs seem to ensure the rapidity and the efficiency of medical visits. Nevertheless, it could be useful to implement psychological interventions to achieve an enrichment of the dialog between participants, helping them to recognize users’ emotions as useful to define shared medical strategies.

This is a report about the experience on redefining the health asset mapping methodology. The aim of this experience consisted of making an analysis on health inequalities, as well as of using it as a tool in decision-making participative processes in the local administration area. Thus, a replicable procedure for all ages and groups was designed. Besides this, assets have been widely classified, in accordance with the territorial distribution, people's profiles and asset features. Both the upload of data to a geographical information system and the large amount of data gathered allowed us to enlarge the common interpretation of data and present the information in a dynamic way Se presenta la experiencia de redefinición de la metodología de mapeo de activos en salud, que tuvo como objetivo hacer posible el análisis según desigualdades de salud, así como su utilización como herramienta en procesos participativos de toma de decisiones en el ámbito de la Administración local. Para ello se diseñó un procedimiento replicable y apto para todas las edades y todos los colectivos. A su vez, se estableció una extensa clasificación de los activos no solo en el plano geográfico, sino también según el perfil de la persona y las características de los activos. El volcado de los datos en un sistema de información geográfica y la gran cantidad de activos recogidos permitieron ampliar la interpretación habitual de los datos obtenidos y presentar la información de forma dinámica

Objective: Work-related stress typically occurs due to particularly challenging dynamics, risks and pressure. Prolonged exposure to stress may cause serious consequences on psychophysical well-being. The current study was conducted to reexamine the clinical instruments useful for evaluating the risk factors and to examine two closely linked dimensions, which may constitute protective factors such as coping strategies and satisfaction. Method: Through a narrative review of the scientific literature of the last 5 years, carried out through the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, the most relevant clinical instruments used in the evaluation of stress, job satisfaction and coping strategies were examined. Results: Based on the considered inclusion criteria, 142 articles were selected, and 10 of the most used psycho-diagnostic instruments were identified for the evaluation of the three dimensions. The selected assessment instruments were deeply discussed in order to highlight strengths and limitations. Conclusions: A variety of studies used a range of psycho-diagnostic tools in order to measure stress, coping strategies and job satisfaction. However, their integration is necessary to guarantee a complete evaluation protocol.

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic and the universal chaos created by it, this study explores the role of sense of coherence (Soc, Antonovsky, 1979) and how it enables coping with a stressful situation and staying well. SOC is a generalized orientation which allows one to perceive the world as comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful. In an attempt to understand ‘how does the SOC work’ we employed the salutogenic assumption that a strong SOC allows one to reach out in any given situation and find those resources appropriate to the specific stressor. Thus, we hypothesized that the positive impact of SOC on mental health outcomes would be mediated through coping resources that are particularly salient in times of crisis. One resource is related to the micro level (perceived family support) and the other concerns the macro level (trust in leaders and social-political institutions). Data collection was conducted in different countries during May–June 2020 via online platforms. The data included 7 samples of adult participants (age 18–90) from Israel (n ​= ​669), Italy (n ​= ​899), Spain (n ​= ​476), Germany (n ​= ​708), Austria (n ​= ​1026), Switzerland (n ​= ​147), and the U.S. (n ​= ​506). The questionnaires included standard tools (MHC-SF, SOC-13) as well as questionnaires of perceived family support and trust that were adapted to the pandemic context. As expected, SOC was associated with mental health in all the samples. Perceived family support and trust in leaders and social-political institutions mediated the relationships between SOC and mental health, controlling for age, gender, and level of financial risk. It appears that SOC has a universal meaning, not limited by cultural and situational characteristics. The discussion focuses on the theoretical, social, and political applications of the salutogenic model – and its core concept of SOC – in the context of coping with a global pandemic across different cultural contexts and countries.

In this article the authors present us with the approach of the social determinants of health, together with the salutogenic gaze and the work of life skills to better understand the life and emotional journey of young people in migration contexts, fleeing from stereotyped and paternalistic views. The authors consider it key to provide spaces for children and young people to develop their life skills, which are those skills needed to achieve adaptive behaviour that allows them to effectively meet the demands and challenges of daily life. They also argue that recent research conducted with migrant children and young people without adult references in Ireland found that the idea of continuity and giving meaning to their lives helped them, in most cases, in their personal identity processes, and it helped them increase their resilience. Hence the value they give to the work of the 10 life skills and to the strengthening of the Sense of Coherence. Finally, the authors present how these skills work, giving as an example the program “Be you, tools and assets for health” of Dipsalut En aquest article les autores ens presenten l’enfocament dels determinants socials de la salut, juntament amb la mirada salutogènica i el treball de les habilitats per a la vida per a entendre millor el recorregut vital i emocional dels joves en contextos de migració, fugint de visions estereotipades i paternalistes. Les autores consideren clau que s’ofereixin espais als infants i joves per desenvolupar les seves habilitats per a la vida, que són aquelles competències necessàries per assolir un comportament adaptatiu que els permeti afrontar efectivament les demandes i els desafiaments de la vida diària. Argumenten també que una recerca recent duta a terme amb infants i joves migrats sense referents adults a Irlanda, constatava que la idea de continuïtat i de donar un sentit a les seves vides els ajudava, en la majoria dels casos, en els seus processos identitaris personals i els ajudava a augmentar la seva resiliència. D’aquí el valor que donen al treball de les 10 habilitats per a la vida i a l’enfortiment del Sentit de Coherència. Finalment les autores presenten de quina manera treballen aquestes habilitats, posant com a exemple el programa “Sigues tu, eines i actius per a la salut” de Dipsalut

Despite high levels of psychological distress, there is a scarcity of research on unmet supportive care needs in haematological cancer patients. This qualitative study used an in-depth interpretative phenomenological approach to investigate the needs reported by six non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients and explored how these needs consequently shaped the patient experience. Emergent themes included the following: concerns for family, information needs and the need for psychological support. Participants reported feeling different to other cancer patients. Lack of understanding of their diagnosis by friends and family and lack of access to relevant support services are notable unmet needs that differ from previous findings.

Multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of multiple physical or psychological illnesses, is prevalent particularly among older adults. The number of Americans with multiple chronic diseases is projected to increase from 57 million in 2000 to 81 million in 2020. However, behavioral medicine and health psychology, while focusing on the co-occurrence of psychological/psychiatric disorders with primary medical morbidities, have historically tended to ignore the co-occurrence of primary medical comorbidities, such as diabetes and cancer, and their biopsychosocial implications. This approach may hinder our ecologically valid understanding of the etiology, prevention, and treatment for individual patients with multimorbidity. In this selective review, we propose a heuristic biobehavioral framework for the etiology of multimorbidity. More acknowledgment and systematic research on multiple, co-existing disorders in behavioral medicine are consistent with the biopsychosocial model's emphasis on treating the “whole person,” which means not considering any single illness, its symptoms, risk factors, or mechanisms, in isolation. As systems analytics, big data, machine learning, and mixed-model trajectory analyses, among others, come online and become more widely available, we may be able to tackle multimorbidity more holistically, efficiently, and satisfactorily.

Despite the growth in theoretical understandings of health behaviour and standardised approaches to health interventions (e.g. behaviour change taxonomies), health psychology has paid comparatively less attention to the importance of the implementation processes – ‘how to’ rather than ‘what to’ of such interventions. The clinical and interpersonal skills that often reflect these implementation processes are poorly defined within the health psychology literature. The level of proficiency in such skills expected of Health and Care Professions Council registered practitioner health psychologists is unclear and poorly documented within the UK training requirements. This article explores the potential impact of this and offers some pragmatic solutions.

Training Psychology trainers has the dual aim of contributing to both the students' vocational and personal training. Teaching experience takes place during the 2017/18 academic year in the following optional modules: 'Psychology of Addictions' and 'Sexuality and Health'. The training programme provides professional tools for implementing educational interventions. The pre-post design uses self-reporting to assess the perceived personal usefulness of the programme La formació de formadors en Psicologia té com a doble objectiu contribuir a la formació professional i alhora personal dels estudiants. L'experiència docent es realitza durant l'any acadèmic 2017/18 en els mòduls optatius: 'Psicologia de les Addiccions' i 'Sexualitat i Salut'. S'aplica un programa formatiu on es proporcionen eines professionals per implementar intervencions educatives. S'empra un disseny pre-post mitjançant autoinformes a fi de valorar la utilitat personal percebuda

In the last few years, the influence of salutogenesis has been growing, both in the area of research and in the public health and health promotion strategies and policies, in Spain and in Latin America. The scientific literature on salutogenesis that has been published in Spanish since 2000 is reviewed, out of which 58 scientific articles, five books, and eight doctoral theses have been identified. The publications focus on health-related professional groups, patient groups, population groups, public health, and studies related to health promotion and education. The Salutogenesis Spanish Group is a network of professionals who are interested in this subject, who work to exchange experiences and to promote salutogenesis research and development within our contexts

Background: International studies have revealed that young people engage in sports because of friends, the enjoyment of participation, and the ability to feel healthy. Furthermore, it is often argued that sports should be characterized as joyful and provide both recreational and elite investment. In Sweden, many children participate in club sports during their childhood or youth, but many drop out in their late teens. Furthermore, few children take up a sport after 12 years of age. Rather than concentrating on those who drop out of club sports, the focus of this article is on those who continue during their teenage years despite being non-elite participants. Purpose: By illuminating the experiences of non-elite participants, the overall aim is to study what makes teenagers continue to participate in club sports with a specific focus on what teenagers find meaningful and important when they participate in club sports. This is done with the help of Antonovsky's salutogenic theory and his sense of coherence (SOC) model. The discussion will focus on how club sports can be organized to encourage more teenagers to participate longer. Research design and data collection: In this study, a total of 18 semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted. The teenagers were between 15 and 19 years old, and they participated in eight different club sports (athletics, basketball, equestrian sports, floorball, football, handball, swimming, and ultimate frisbee). The selection of sports and clubs was done using the Swedish Sports Confederation's (RF) database. A targeted sample selection was carried out by contacting club trainers, who provided the names of teenagers suitable with respect to the research aim and questions. The interviews were systematically coded and analysed using the SOC components as analytical tools. Key findings: When analysing the results, three themes emerged. The teenagers found sports fun in terms of meaningfulness because they experienced learning and development; they found competition challenging; and they enjoyed the involvement and engagement with others. Furthermore, the young people who remained in club sports were participating in more than one competitive elite sport even if they themselves did not have elite ambitions. Conclusions: If the goal of society in general and sports clubs in particular is to get as many people as possible to be physically active and develop a lifelong interest in sports, it is conceivable that club sports should offer activities that attract people with different levels of ambition and abilities. If the findings correspond with young people's willingness to learn and develop together with others, it is conceivable that club sports as well as physical education should be organized to give all young people opportunities to learn physical activities with numerous opportunities for motor and social learning in focus.

We examined the associations of different aspects of social support during emergency department (ED) evaluation for an acute cardiac event with perceptions of threat in the ED and subsequent posttraumatic stress symptoms (PSS) in 484 patients. Participants were enrolled in the ED where they reported on their perceptions of threat in the ED. Social support in the ED and PSS were assessed at inpatient bedside or by telephone a median of 3 days later. Positive aspects of social support were not associated with subsequent PSS. Anxiety-provoking social support was significantly associated with increased PSS at follow-up. Greater ED threat perception partially mediated that relationship.

M.A. It is well known that high levels of anxiety and/or depression often accompany the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Literature from various sources, but in particular from the fairly new field of research, Psychoneuroimmunology, also provides ample evidence that excessive anxiety and/or depression can be immunosuppressive. It makes sense, therefore, that any intervention restoring balance to the immuno-regulatory system, thereby allowing the body’s innate healing processes to focus on eliminating cancer, is highly desirable. In line with current thinking based on the mind-body connection as well as cognitive behavioural techniques utilised in many therapeutic settings, various psychological interventions have been found to help the patient gain a better sense of control over distressing symptoms and side-effects of cancer. Some of these include: basic cognitive restructuring, hypnotherapy, relaxation-meditation techniques, art and music therapy, and guided imagery. Substantial international research was found illustrating the beneficial affect that the psychological intervention, guided imagery, provided in such diverse settings including work, sport and health. In this regard, it was decided to run a pilot study to ascertain whether a specifically designed tape recording with relaxing music and dialogue aimed at helping patients manage and cope with negative symptoms of cancer, could significantly reduce anxiety and/or depression levels in women with breast cancer. To operationalise the above, 40 women, aged between 30 and 60, with Stages 1, 2 or 3 breast cancer, who are about to commence adjunctive chemotherapy, were randomly selected to a treatment and a control group. A quasi-experimental design was applied to this study whereby the treatment group was subjected to pre- and post chemotherapy Hospital Anxiety & Depression (HAD) Scale and blood pressure measurements on their 1st, 3rd and final cycle of treatments. The HAD Scale is a well-researched and respected, quick, self-diagnostic assessment utilised abroad and in this country. The measurement of a person’s blood pressure is provided as a physiological backup to the psychometric assessment of the individual’s anxiety levels. For the intervention, each participant was supplied with her own copy of Healing Imagery for Cancer CD or audiotape, produced by a South African medical doctor, specialising in the “wellness” field. The participant was requested to listen to this tape as often as possible, but particularly during her chemotherapy treatments. The control group was tested pre-1st cycle of chemotherapy and post-6th cycle of chemotherapy. The main hypothesis of this pilot study was that there would be statistically significant decreases in levels of anxiety and depression as a result of the intervention of guided imagery tape recording in women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that the guided imagery intervention correlated with a decrease in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) measurements, as well as depression and anxiety over a six-cycle period of chemotherapy. The most significant decrease was correlated with the anxiety variable. This pilot study revealed some methodological weaknesses but at the same time results are sufficiently encouraging to warrant further in-depth research regarding the use of guided imagery as a cost-effective, relatively easy method for individuals with cancer to learn and utilise as part of their integrative treatment regimen.

El panorama de actuacion es de la política científica en las últimas décadas no ofrece un balance halagüeño. Por lo que se refiere a la psicología clínica se denuncia la paradoja de tener que enseñar psicología clínica sin práctica reconocida y cualificada en las universidades, con la necesaría formación científica y humanista de los profesores en clínica y la previas elección de los alumnos en función de capacidades y status mental. El nivel de postgrado aparece como el objetivo nunca alcanzado por razones muy difíciles de entender. El trabajo termina con la ampliación de la psicología clínica convencional con la denominada psicologa clínica de la salud, más amplia y que presenta exigencia de formación distintas a las actuales, The political decisions about science and university in Spain along last decades have produced a problematic and unsatisfactory status and the next future does not seem optimistic. In respect to clinical psychology is defended that psychology professors can teach and put into practice their knowledge and research in clinics depending of the departments of clinical psychology. The professors must be formed in scientific and humanistic contents; the students must be selected previously to the specialization in clinical psychology (aptitudes and mental status). The post-graduate level in clinical psychology is the always promised and never achieved. News topics in clinical psychology must be represented in the curriculum: those pertaining to clinical health psychology (chronic disease, families and hospitalization)

In Study 1, 280 undergraduate students (177 female, 103 male) were administered a battery of questionnaires assessing functional somatic symptoms, psychosocial variables, and behavioral responses to health-related situations. Significant predictors of functional somatic symptoms differed for females and males. The amount of stress experienced, perceived susceptibility to illness, perceived barriers to health care and level of pain tolerance were significant predictors for males. Significant predictors for females included perceived susceptibility to illness, amount of stress experienced, and not responding to health-related situations by seeking medical attention. A discriminant analysis correctly classified 21.25% of these groups. Master of Science