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This publication has been developed from ideas first presented at the international symposium Late Hokusai: Thought, Technique, Society, held at the British Museum in May 2017. The symposium was organised to enable specialists in a range of disciplines relating to early modern Japan to view and consider the critically acclaimed exhibition Hokusai: Beyond the Great Wave, then being presented at the British Museum. The exhibition brought together representative works by the artist Katsushika Hokusai (1760−1849) in the various media in which he worked – colour woodblock prints, woodblock-printed illustrated books, brush paintings on paper or silk, and brush drawings − that were produced between the age of 61 and his death aged 90. Building on the themes of the exhibition, authors from the UK, Europe, Japan and USA have engaged with late Hokusai from a variety of perspectives, both intrinsic and extrinsic to his life and works. Essays have been grouped within the broad categories of ‘society’ – wider cultural interaction and patronage; ‘thought’ – Hokusai’s intellectual concerns and the ways his art brought these to life; and ‘technique’ – how the artist pursued excellence in all media, within a commercialised art market. A particular focus has been the collaborative relationship between Hokusai and his artist daughter Ei (art-name Ōi, c. 1800−after 1857?). A fourth section on ‘legacy’ looks at how stories of Hokusai have been as much generated by 130 years of scholarship, as they have by his works themselves. Challengingly, faked paintings and printed works have both contaminated and supported those stories. This innovative approach provides new insights into the work of one of the world’s most celebrated artists and suggests many new avenues for Hokusai research., London, British Museum Research Publications

Applying physiological tools, knowledge and concepts to understand conservation problems (i.e. conservation physiology) has become commonplace and confers an ability to understand mechanistic processes, develop predictive models and identify cause-and-effect relationships. Conservation physiology is making contributions to conservation solutions; the number of ‘success stories’ is growing, but there remain unexplored opportunities for which conservation physiology shows immense promise and has the potential to contribute to major advances in protecting and restoring biodiversity. Here, we consider how conservation physiology has evolved with a focus on reframing the discipline to be more inclusive and integrative. Using a ‘horizon scan’, we further explore ways in which conservation physiology can be more relevant to pressing conservation issues of today (e.g. addressing the Sustainable Development Goals; delivering science to support the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration), as well as more forward-looking to inform emerging issues and policies for tomorrow. Our horizon scan provides evidence that, as the discipline of conservation physiology continues to mature, it provides a wealth of opportunities to promote integration, inclusivity and forward-thinking goals that contribute to achieving conservation gains. To advance environmental management and ecosystem restoration, we need to ensure that the underlying science (such as that generated by conservation physiology) is relevant with accompanying messaging that is straightforward and accessible to end users.

Ocean acidification – deceasing oceanic pH resulting from the uptake of excess atmospheric CO2 – is expected to affect marine life in the future. Among the possible consequences, a series of studies on coral reef fishes suggested that the direct effects of acidification on fish behaviour will be the most catastrophic. Recent studies documenting a lack of effect of experimental ocean acidification on fish behaviour, however, call this dire prediction into question. Here, we critically assess the past decade of ocean acidification research regarding direct effects on fish behaviour. Using a meta-analysis, we provide quantitative evidence that the research to date on this topic is strongly characterized by a phenomenon known as the “decline effect”, where large effects have all but disappeared over a decade. The decline effect in this field cannot be explained biologically, but is strongly associated with well-known biases to which the process of science is generally prone. We contend that ocean acidification does not have as much of a direct impact on fish behaviour as previously thought, and we advocate for improved approaches to minimize the potential for a decline effect in future avenues of research.

Beaver dam complexes have been shown to affect the hydrologic processes controlling river systems. These processes include surface and groundwater exchanges, water chemistry and temperature variations, and river discharge magnitudes. Majerova et al. (2015) explored the effects of beaver dams on surface and groundwater exchanges and water temperature by evaluating three years of water discharge and temperature data recorded at multiple locations within a small stream in northern Utah. They found that beaver dams increase the water surface elevation and force water into the floodplain resulting in increased inundation and groundwater recharge. They additionally found that beaver dams increase residence time of the water and together with increased surface area, generally result in increased water temperature at reach scales. Majerova et al. (2015) noted the importance of long-term data sets to more fully understand the impact of beaver dams on river systems. Towards this end, this report builds on the original study by extending the daily average water temperature and discharge time series at three locations along a 1.3 km section of Curtis Creek in Northern Utah to provide insight into the long-term effects of the beaver dam complexes. The entire data set spans 2008-2018 and represents periods before the beaver dams were built, during dam construction and various levels of dam maintenance, and after the dams breached or washed out after beaver were trapped in the area. The original 3 years of data presented in Majerova et al. (2015) showed that an increase in beaver dams generally increased the baseflow discharge and water temperature variations during the summer. However, longer term data that represent a larger range of annual flows and different states of dam building and maintenance show that beaver dams only increase baseflow discharge when the dams are relatively young and consistently inundate the floodplain. This suggests that beaver dam complex age and pond sedimentation is important for understanding groundwater exchanges. When comparing the streamflow data, weather data, and daily average water temperatures together, it is clear that beaver dams do consistently increase water temperatures, but local weather and longer term hydrologic conditions are also important factors affecting (or contributing to) water temperature variations. A review of the sub-daily water temperature data for a single week in September, revealed a daily variation of approximately 0.7��C without beaver dams and approximately 5��C with beaver dams. This represents a significant change in daily water temperatures and highlights the need to investigate shorter temporal scale influences on long term temperature responses.

Temperature has a dramatic effect on the physiology of ectothermic animals, impacting most of their biology. When temperatures increase above optimal for an animal, their growth rate tends to decrease. The mechanism behind this growth rate reduction is unknown. Here, we suggest the aerobic scope protection hypothesis as a mechanistic explanation for the reduction in growth. After a meal, metabolic rate, and hence oxygen consumption rate, transiently increases in a process called specific dynamic action (SDA). At warmer temperatures, the SDA response becomes temporally compressed, leading to a higher peak oxygen consumption rate. This peak in oxygen consumption rate takes up much of the animal’s aerobic scope (the difference between maximum and resting rates of oxygen consumption), leaving little residual aerobic scope for other functions. We propose that animals will actively protect their postprandial residual aerobic scope by reducing meal sizes in order to regulate the peak SDA response. This hypothesis is consistent with the published literature and we suggest further predictions to test it.

The partial pressure of CO2 in the oceans has increased rapidly over the past century, driving ocean acidification (OA) and sparking concern for the stability of marine ecosystems. Coral reef fishes are predicted to be especially susceptible to end-of-century OA, based on several high-profile papers reporting profound behavioural and sensory impairments (e.g., complete attraction to the chemical cues of predators under OA). In contrast, here we comprehensively and transparently show that end-of-century OA has negligible impacts on critical behaviours of coral reef fishes (i.e., avoidance of predator chemical cues, activity levels, and behavioural lateralisation). Using data simulations, we show that the large effect sizes and small within-group variance reported in several previous studies are highly improbable. Together, our findings indicate that reported effects of OA on coral reef fish behaviour are not reproducible, suggesting that behavioural perturbations will not be a major consequence for coral reef fishes in high CO2 oceans.

Singlet fission has emerged as a promising strategy to avoid the loss of extra energy through thermalization in solar cells. A family of dimers consisting of nitrogen-doped pyrene- fused acenes that undergo singlet fission with triplet quantum yields as high as 125% are presented. They provide new perspectives for nitrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocar- bons and for the design of new materials for singlet fission.

Behavioural lateralisation, defined as the asymmetric expression of cognitive functions, is reported to enhance key fitness-relevant traits such as predator escape performance, multitasking abilities, and group coordination. Therefore, studies reporting negative effects on lateralisation in fish due to environmental stressors such as ocean acidification, hypoxia, and pollutants are worrisome. However, such studies have focussed on population-level measures, without validating whether lateralisation is consistent within individuals across time. We conducted a multi-species, international assessment of the repeatability (R) of lateralisation in four previously studied fish species using the common detour test, and re-analysed a published dataset (on guppies) using new statistical methods. We expected the three shoaling species to exhibit greater within-individual consistency in lateralisation than their non-shoaling counterparts given previous reports of stronger lateralisation in group-living fishes. However, both absolute and relative lateralisation scores were highly non-repeatable in all five species (0.01

Charge transport in two zinc metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been investigated using periodic semiempirical molecular orbital calculations with the AM1* Hamiltonian. Restricted Hartree-Fock calculations underestimate the band gap (Koopmans theorem), which however becomes more realistic when the wavefunction is allowed to become unrestricted. Charge-transport simulations using propagation of the electron- or hole-density in imaginary time allow charge-transport paths to be determined, although the calculated mobilities must still be improved. In general, the techniques discussed appear to be useful for investigating electroactive MOFs., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, submitted to JCIM

We write an open letter to the NIH Data Research Council to initiate a dialog regarding NIH decisions on data use agreements and licenses. We are members of NIH-funded research groups that collect and/or integrate biomedical data from diverse sources for the purpose of advancing diagnosis, prognosis, treatment selection, and mechanistic discovery. We welcome additional signatories here:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fbwKxnPu5f1YXlMM6UMyfBqHx_Inz86tKzwRFO4W8jQSummary:The current diversity of data use agreements and licenses significantly hampers the ability to reuse and redistribute data in various informatics contexts.We believe that any mandatory data licensing policy must also include a plan for ensuring access, sustainability, and data quality. We request community partnership with NIH to develop common licensing and data reuse plans.

Feeding provides the necessary energy to fuel all fitness-related processes including activity, growth and reproduction. Nevertheless, prey consumption and digestive processes can have physical and physiological trade-offs with other critical functions, many of which are not clearly understood. Using an ambush predator, barramundi (Lates calcarifer), fed meals ranging 0.6–3.4% of body mass, we examined interrelations between meal size, growth efficiency and surplus aerobic metabolic capacity (aerobic scope, AS). Large meals required a greater absolute investment of energy to process (a larger so-called specific dynamic action, SDA), but the percentage of digestible meal energy required in the SDA response (SDA coefficient) decreased with increasing meal size. Combined with the findings that growth rate and growth efficiency also increased with food intake, our results demonstrate that it is energetically advantageous for fish to select large prey. However, following a large meal, SDA processes occupied up to 77% of the available AS, indicating that other oxygen-demanding activities like swimming may be compromised while large meals are processed. This trade-off between meal size and AS suggests that fishes like barramundi would benefit from regulating prey size based on imminent requirements and threats.

Partial agonists exhibit a submaximal capacity to enhance the coupling of one receptor to an intracellular binding partner. Although a multitude of studies have reported different ligand-specific conformations for a given receptor, little is known about the mechanism by which different receptor conformations are connected to the capacity to activate the coupling to G-proteins. We have now performed molecular-dynamics simulations employing our recently described active-state homology model of the dopamine D2 receptor-Gai protein-complex coupled to the partial agonists aripiprazole and FAUC350, in order to understand the structural determinants of partial agonism better. We have compared our findings with our model of the D2R-Gai-complex in the presence of the full agonist dopamine. The two partial agonists are capable of inducing different conformations of important structural motifs, including the extracellular loop regions, the binding pocket and, in particular, intracellular G-protein-binding domains. As G-protein-coupling to certain intracellular epitopes of the receptor is considered the key step of allosterically triggered nucleotide-exchange, it is tempting to assume that impaired coupling between the receptor and the G-protein caused by distinct ligand-specific conformations is a major determinant of partial agonist efficacy.

We introduce the class of lattice-linear monomial ideals and use the LCM-lattice to give an explicit construction for their minimal free resolution. The class of lattice-linear ideals includes (among others) the class of monomial ideals with linear free resolution and the class of Scarf monomial ideals. Our main tool is a new construction by Tchernev that produces from a map of posets $\eta:P\lra\mbb{N}^n$ a sequence of multigraded modules and maps., Comment: 26 pages, with an appendix by Alexandre Tchernev

This study examined midshipmen perceptions of moral development at the Naval Academy. Six focus groups comprising a total of 45 first-class midshipmen were conducted to discover aspects of the Naval Academy experience that have positive, neutral and negative impacts on midshipmen's moral development. Focus group midshipmen reported that good personal examples, open-forum discussions of ethical case studies, assuming midshipmen leadership responsibilities and participation in sports have a positive impact on their moral development. Parts of the Naval Academy experience that had a neutral impact on their moral development included some aspects of the core ethics course, the behavior of some of their peers, and the "directed development" approach they perceived in many of the Academy programs. Focus group midshipmen also believed that there were too many ethics and character programs, and that they were too repetitious and too routine to have more than a neutral impact on their moral development. Finally, focus group midshipmen cited bad example by some officers, the Bancroft Hall culture, and weaknesses in the Honor System as having a negative impact on their moral development. This study concluded with several recommendations from the midshipmen and researcher to improve moral development efforts at the Naval Academy. http://archive.org/details/moraldevelopment109451451 Lieutenant, United States Navy Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Different water-soluble perylenediimides (PDIs) have been used to individualize and stabilize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in aqueous media. A key feature of the PDIs is that they can be substituted at the bay positions via the addition of two and/or four bromines. This enables control over structural and electronic PDI characteristics, which prompted us to conduct comparative assays with focus on SWCNTs' chirality and charge transfer. Electrochemical, microscopic, and spectroscopic experiments were used to investigate the SWCNT chiral selectivity of PDIs, on the one hand, and charge-transfer reactions between SWCNTs and PDIs, on the other hand.

Les effets des substituants de la premiere ligne Li, BeH, BH 2 , CH 3 , NH 2 , OH et F sur les structures et la stabilite des boranes, borirenes et borirannes sont etudiees par les methodes ab initio