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Our objective was to determine the effects of feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], or vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) on plasma, mineral, and metabolite concentrations, mineral balance, mineral excretion, rumination, energy balance, and milk production of dairy cows. We hypothesized that supplementing 3 mg/d of 25(OH)D3 during the prepartum period would be more effective than supplementing vitamin D3 at the National Research Council (2001) levels to minimize calcium imbalance during the transition period and improve milk production of dairy cows. Forty multiparous, pregnant nonlactating-Holstein cows were enrolled in this study. Body weight, body condition score, parity, and milk yield in the previous lactation (mean ± standard deviation) were 661 ± 59.2, 3.46 ± 0.35, 1.79 ± 0.87, and 33.2 ± 6.43 kg/d, respectively. Cows were enrolled into the blocks (n = 20 for each treatment) at 30 d of the expected day of calving to receive an acidogenic diet (373 g/kg of neutral detergent fiber and 136 g/kg of crude protein, dry matter basis; -110 mEq/kg) associated with the treatments: (1) control (CTRL), vitamin D3 at 0.625 mg/d (equivalent to 25,000 IU of vitamin D3/d) or (2) 25(OH)D3 at 3 mg/d (equivalent to 120,000 IU of vitamin D3/d). All cows were fed with the base ration for 49 d after calving. Blood samples were taken on d 7, 0, 1, 2, 21, and 42, relative to calving. No effect of treatment was observed for prepartum dry matter intake or body condition score. A trend for increase of ionized Ca was observed for the cows fed 25(OH)D3, compared with the CTRL, but no effect of treatment was detected for total Ca or total P. Feeding 25(OH)D3 increased colostrum yield. The plasmatic concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was increased with 25(OH)D3 supplementation. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation increased plasma glucose concentration at parturition. The postpartum dry matter intake was not influenced by treatments. Feeding 25(OH) D3 increases milk yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, and energy-corrected milk and improves milk yield components in early lactation. Overall, these findings suggest that 25(OH)D3 at 3 mg/d can improve the energy metabolism and lactation performance, compared with the current-feeding practice of supplementing vitamin D3 at 0.625 mg/d. Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-07T12:20:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Effects-of-feeding-25-hydroxyvitamin-D3-with-an-acidogenic-diet.pdf: 810895 bytes, checksum: 6b70fe5ba2a4620281c061a6a0d712a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Elephant grass is a promising plant for economic and sustainable energy production. However, adapted cultivars and efficient strategies for selecting genotypes aimed at energy biomass production is essential. Remote sensing techniques provide spatiotemporal information from plants in an agile, non-destructive and non-invasive way. The present study aimed to use remote sensors onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to monitor elephant grass genotypes and assist in plant phenotyping for energy biomass production. The experimental plots were imaged in the visible and near infrared bands. Imaging was carried out in 66 experimental plots in the José Henrique Bruschi Experimental Field (CEJHB), located in Coronel Pacheco, MG, Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications, and 22 elephant grass genotypes were evaluated. The aggregated index iMAPNDRE was strongly correlated with the dry matter production observed in the field, therefore a method with potential application for estimating the biomass of elephant grass genotypes. Thus, sensors aboard UAV platforms can assist breeders to select the best elephant grass genotypes for energy production. Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-23T01:56:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Unmanned-aircraft.pdf: 584154 bytes, checksum: 475c4cdcc49b856ec5b3ecfe765dd2f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

This study evaluated if the milk ring test (MRT) used to the brucellosis diagnostic at dairy herd level can be done in milk samples with conservative (Bronopol®) collected to the somatic cell count (SCC) that is used to mastitis monitoring. It were analyzed 38 bulk tank milk samples (BTMS) from 19 dairy herds artisanal cheese producers and 36 BTMS from a brucellosis free dairy herd, used as negative control (NC) and positive control (PC), when was added serum from vaccinated animals. The milk samples were collected in two different bottles (with or without Bronopol®). All the 38 BTMS from artisanal cheese producers (samples with and without Bronopol®) were non-reagent to MRT, as all NC. All PC were reagent to MRT, without interference of Bronopol®. Results showed that the milk sample used to SCC presented the proportion of agreement of results in all milk samples (100%), that is, false positive and false negative results were not observed. Results indicated that Bronopol® did not interfere with the color in the time of MRT reading suggesting that the same milk samples could be used to monitoring mastitis and brucellosis. RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o teste do anel do leite (TAL), utilizado para o diagnóstico da brucelose em nível de rebanho leiteiro, pode ser realizado em amostras de leite com conservador (Bronopol®) coletado para contagem de células somáticas (CCS) que é utilizado para monitoramento de mastite. Foram analisadas 38 amostras de leite de tanques de expansão (ALTE) de 19 rebanhos leiteiros produtores de queijo artesanal e 36 ALTE de rebanho leiteiro livre de brucelose, utilizadas como controle negativo (CN) e controle positivo (CP), quando foi adicionado soro de animais vacinados. As amostras de leite foram coletadas em dois frascos diferentes (com e sem Bronopol®). Todos as 38 ALTE de produtores artesanais de queijo (amostras com e sem Bronopol®) foram não reagentes ao TAL, como todos os CN. Todos os CP foram reagentes ao TAL, sem interferência do Bronopol®. Os resultados mostraram que a amostra de leite utilizada para CCS apresentaram a proporção de concordância dos resultados em todas as amostras de leite (100%), ou seja, não foram observados resultados falso-positivos e falso-negativos. Os resultados indicam que o Bronopol® não interferiu na cor no momento da leitura do TAL, sugerindo que as mesmas amostras de leite poderiam ser usadas para monitorar mastite e brucelose Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-14T13:26:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ring-test-in-milk-samples-preserved-with-Bronopol.pdf: 434937 bytes, checksum: 4a207aa1a41d27da10a579a8e328a8ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2023

Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. syn. Cenchrus purpureus) is one of the most important forage plants worldwide, cultivated in almost all tropical and subtropical regions due to its high potential for dry matter production, nutritional value, acceptability by different animal species and categories, vigor, and persistence. It has shown great potential for biomass energy production and other forms of non-forage use. This study aimed to review the current knowledge about the cultivation and use elephantgrass focused on pasture and silage. The study also describes the main morphological, genetic, and cytogenetic characteristics of the species, and methods and strategies for obtaining improved cultivars. The release of dwarf type cultivars for grazing and cultivars with high-yield potential for silage has increased the interest in the cultivation of elephantgrass in the beef and dairy cattle production. RESUMO - O capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. sin. Cenchrus purpureus) é uma das mais importantes plantas forrageiras, sendo cultivado em quase todas as regiões tropicais e subtropicais do globo devido ao seu elevado potencial de produção de forragem, valor nutritivo, aceitabilidade por diferentes categorias e espécies de animais, vigor e persistência. O capim elefante também enorme potencial para produção de biomassa energética e outras formas de uso não forrageiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar o conhecimento atual sobre o cultivo e uso do capim elefante, principalmente como pastagem e na forma de silagem. O estudo também descreve as principais características morfológicas, genéticas e citogenéticas, bem como os métodos e estratégias para obtenção de cultivares melhoradas. O desenvolvimento de cultivares melhoradas de porte baixo, específicas para pastejo, e de elevado potencial produtivo, para ensilagem, tem resultado no aumento de interesse pelo cultivo dessa forrageira na produção de carne e leite. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-31T19:00:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elephantgrass-tropical.pdf: 5654375 bytes, checksum: 844385cc68a18af9c589f96e90a3f5b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

This study evaluated the effect of energy supplementation with ground corn on the performance of crossbred dairy cows in BRS Kurumi elephant grass pastures managed under rotational stocking during the rainy season. Six Holstein × Gyr cows were used, with average milk production, body weight, body condition score, and days in milk of 18.0±2.89 kg day−1, 560±66 kg, 2.50±0.21, and 99±12, respectively. The experimental design used was the complete reversion (switchback), and the evaluations were conducted over three grazing cycles, with adaptation periods of 14 days and six days of sample collection. The concentrate supplement (ground corn) was supplied twice a day, at a rate of 2 kg cow−1 day−1 in the morning and 1 kg cow−1 day−1 in the afternoon (as-fed basis). A reduction of 23.4% was observed in the pasture dry matter (DM) intake (PDMI) in cows that received energy supplementation, which corresponds to 2.96 kg day-1 less of PDMI when compared to the group without supplementation. This corresponds to a substitution rate of 1.1 kg of pasture per kg of concentrate consumed (DM basis), which reduced the intake (kg cow−1 day−1) of neutral detergent fiber and crude protein by 18.9% and 13.9% in the cows that received ground corn. There were increases of 11.8%, 9.0%, and 10.1%, respectively, in the milk yield, the 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield, and the energy-corrected milk yield of the cows that received ground corn. The response to supplementation in kg of milk per kg of DM of concentrate consumed was 0.57, and the milk contents of fat, protein, and lactose did not differ between treatments. The energy supplementation with 3 kg cow−1 day−1 of ground corn resulted in an increase of 11.8% in the milk yield of Holstein × Gyr dairy cows grazed on BRS Kurumi elephant grass, as well as promoted increases in the daily protein, lactose, and total solids yields. In addition, the provision of 3 kg day−1 of ground corn for lactating cows grazing on BRS Kurumi increased the efficiency in the use of dietary nitrogen. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-16T13:00:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Performance-crossbred.pdf: 181350 bytes, checksum: 13760d624af8d618e5c2eb8b05254d98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Traditional procedures for biomass estimation usually use destructive methods with great demands on time, resources, and labor. The development of models for automated estimation of pasture biomass, particularly from images captured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), in addition to high spatiotemporal resolution combined with flexibility in image acquisition, provides agility, the economy of resources, and labor. The objective of this work was to establish a technical feasibility study for the use of multispectral sensors onboard an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to estimate the vigor classes of Brachiaria ruziziensis pastures. For this purpose, imaging cameras in the visible (RGB), near-infrared and red edge ranges were used for continuous monitoring of 20 pasture paddocks with an area of 1,350 m2 each, totaling 27,000 m2 of the experimental area. The indices performed well and were sensitive in class discrimination at intervals that range from soil exposure and stresses caused by pest and disease infestation (low vigor) to conditions in which the vegetation is in good development, in class intervals with high levels of vegetation and, consequently, pointing to high values of biomass. Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-29T02:02:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Estimate-vigor.pdf: 616163 bytes, checksum: 238dd95d008ca34f7e3df28c14b2b693 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

BACKGROUND: Ionophore antibiotics improve the efficiency of energy metabolism, which has driven their use as a feed additive in ruminants for decades. Currently, they have not been approved in many countries, generating a challenge for the immediate search for plant extracts with a similar mode of action on rumen metabolism. This study evaluated the effects of enriched Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) piperidine alkaloid extract (MPA) levels as an alternative phytoadditive to sodium monensin (MON) in sheep. RESULTS: The MPA diet did not differ from MON with regard to nutrient intake. A quadratic effect (P < 0.05) was observed for organic matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility, with respective maximum point at 25.40 and minimum point at 0.95 mg kg-1 MPA. The MPA levels linearly decreased (P < 0.05) faecal nitrogen loss. MPA did not differ from MON with regard to nutrient digestibility, and MPA levels increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of digestible energy and metabolizability from dietary gross energy. The MPA levels linearly decreased (P < 0.05) enteric CH4 production, the yield showing lower (P < 0.05) energy loss as CH4 than MON. CONCLUSION: The results show that MPA levels of 17.3 and 27.8 mg kg-1 are enteric CH4 inhibitors and enhance energy and protein utilization, indicating a promising alternative to MON for ruminants. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-15T04:00:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Prosopis-juliflora-piperidine-alkaloid-extract-levels-in-diet-for-sheep-change-energy.pdf: 444293 bytes, checksum: e23ba7fb96dc508852a5618ca9eb6494 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

This study evaluated the effect of crude protein (CP) reduction in four diets (156, 139, 132, and 127 g Kg-1 DM) maintaining constant metabolizable protein (188 g/day) on the follicular fluid and cumulus-oocyte complexes of mid-lactating Girolando cows. Twenty-two Girolando cows with average of 21.55 ±3.19 L daily milk yield, 105.30 ±22.62 days in lactation and 3.22 ±0.03 body condition score were selected. To reduce CP in diets and maintain constant metabolizable protein, urea and soybean meal were gradually replaced by lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal (SoyPass®, Cargill), resulting in an increase in rumenundegradable protein and a reduction in rumen degradable protein. A linear and quadratic reduction was observed in the plasma and follicular fluid urea nitrogen concentration following CP reduction, with the most intense reduction occurring in the 127 g Kg-1 DM group (p

The delivery of nucleic acids to cells is considered a crucial step for the success of genetic modifications aimed at therapeutic purposes or production of genetically modified animals. In this context, nanotechnology is one of the most promising fields of science, with the potential to solve several existing problems. Nanostructures have desirable characteristics to be used as carriers, such as nanometric size, large surface area, cell internalization capacity, prolonged and controlled release, among others. Genetically modified animals can contribute to the production of biopharmaceuticals, through the expression of high-associated-value molecules. The production of these animals, also known as biofactories, further enhances Brazilian agribusiness, since it allows adding value to the final product, and favors the integration between the agricultural market and the pharmaceutical sector. However, there is a growing concern about the safety and possible harmful effects of nanostructures, since data on the safe use of these materials are still insufficient. The objective of this review was to address aspects of the use of nanostructures, mainly carbon nanotubes as nucleic acid carriers, aiming at the production of genetically modified animals, with the certainty that progress in this field of knowledge depends on more information on the mechanisms of interaction between nanostructures, cells and embryos, as well as on its toxicity. Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-10T16:12:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Challenges-use-nanostructures.pdf: 603206 bytes, checksum: 533820a862c7319ede6a9cab4fb3fa87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of breed and heterosis on the estimates of genetic parameters of 305-day milk yield (305MY), by fitting milk yield data to the Wood, Mixed Log, Morgan, and Wilmink non-linear models. A total of 258,891 test-day milk yield records of 37,965 Holstein (H), Gyr (G), and Girolando (1/2 H, 1/4 H, 3/4 H, 3/8 H, 5/8 H and 7/8 H genetic groups) cows from 1840 herds were collected in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in the period of 1998 to 2014. The pedigree file included 36,640 animals, 3677 bulls and 24,472 cows. The genetic parameters were obtained by one-character analysis using the AIREMLF90 software. The heritability estimates of 305MY, and of 305MY fitted to the different nonlinear models ranged from 0.14 to 0.20. Most genetic groups had heterosis effect, with the greatest effects for 305MY on 1/2 H (1/2 Holstein × 1/2 Gyr) cows, presenting a milk yield of 1112.73 kg higher than the average of their parents. The results indicate that most genetic groups of Girolando present heterosis effect for 305MY estimated through nonlinear models, and the possibility of obtaining moderate genetic gains when these animals are subjected to selection procedures.HIGHLIGHTS The use Girolando cows in production systems in Brazil has shown positive results of production. This greater productive efficiency may be because of heterosis on the production and adaptation of these animals. The effect of breed and heterosis can be included in traditional models for the improvement of selection.

Bovine anaplasmosis causes considerable economic losses in dairy cattle production systems worldwide, ranging from $300 million to $900 million annually. It is commonly detected through rectal temperature, blood smear microscopy, and packed cell volume (PCV). Such methodologies are laborious, costly, and difficult to systematically implement in large-scale operations. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) rumination and activity data collected by Hr-Tag sensors (SCR Engineers Ltd.) in heifer calves exposed to anaplasmosis; and (2) the predictive ability of recurrent neural networks in early identification of anaplasmosis. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the effect of time series length before disease diagnosis (5, 7, 10, or 12 consecutive days) on the predictive performance of recurrent neural networks, and how early anaplasmosis disease can be detected in dairy calves (5, 3, and 1 d in advance). Twenty-three heifer calves aged 119 ± 15 (mean ± SD) d and weighing 148 ± 20 kg of body weight were challenged with 2 × 107 erythrocytes infected with UFMG1 strain (GenBank no. EU676176) isolated from Anaplasma marginale. After inoculation, animals were monitored daily by assessing PCV. The lowest PCV value (14 ± 1.8%) and the finding of rickettsia on blood smears were used as a criterion to classify an animal as sick (d 0). Rumination and activity data were collected continuously and automatically at 2-h intervals, using SCR Heatime Hr-Tag collars. Two time series were built including last sequence of ?5, ?7, ?10, or ?12 d preceding d 0 or a sequence of 5, 7, 10, or 12 d randomly selected in a window from ?50 to ?15 d before d 0 to ensure a sequence of days in which PCV was considered normal (32 ± 2.4%). Long shortterm memory was used as a predictive approach, and a leave-one-animal-out cross-validation (LOAOCV) was used to assess prediction quality. Anaplasmosis disease reduced 34 and 11% of rumination and activity, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of long short-term memory in detecting anaplasmosis ranged from 87 to 98%, 83 to 100%, and 83 to 100%, respectively, using rumination data. For activity data, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity varied from 70 to 98%, 61 to 100%, and 74 to 100%, respectively. Predictive performance did not improve when combining rumination and activity. The use of longer time-series did not improve the performance of models to predict anaplasmosis. The accuracy and sensitivity in predicting anaplasmosis up to 3 d before clinical diagnosis (d 0) were greater than 80%, confirming the possibility for early identification of Anaplasmosis disease. These findings indicate the great potential of wearable sensors in early identification of anaplasmosis diseases. This could positively affect the profitability of dairy farmers and animal welfare. Made available in DSpace on 2022-03-15T14:00:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Using-rumination.pdf: 2542142 bytes, checksum: 9f294bea213b8d57d601b81d65549127 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) is a developing region characterized for its importance for global food security, producing 23 and 11% of the global beef and milk production, respectively. The region's ruminant livestock sector however, is under scrutiny on environmental grounds due to its large contribution to enteric methane (CH4) emissions and influence on global climate change. Thus, the identification of effective CH4 mitigation strategies which do not compromise animal performance is urgently needed, especially in context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) defined in the Paris Agreement of the United Nations. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to: 1) collate a database of individual sheep, beef and dairy cattle records from enteric CH4 emission studies conducted in the LAC region, and 2) perform a meta-analysis to identify feasible enteric CH4 mitigation strategies, which do not compromise animal performance. After outlier's removal, 2745 animal records (65% of the original data) from 103 studies were retained (from 2011 to 2021) in the LAC database. Potential mitigation strategies were classified into three main categories (i.e., animal breeding, dietary, and rumen manipulation) and up to three subcategories, totaling 34 evaluated strategies. A random effects model weighted by inverse variance was used (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V3.3.070). Six strategies decreased at least one enteric CH4 metric and simultaneously increased milk yield (MY; dairy cattle) or average daily gain (ADG; beef cattle and sheep). The breed composition F1 Holstein × Gyr decreased CH4 emission per MY (CH4IMilk) while increasing MY by 99%. Adequate strategies of grazing management under continuous and rotational stocking decreased CH4 emission per ADG (CH4IGain) by 22 and 35%, while increasing ADG by 22 and 71%, respectively. Increased dietary protein concentration, and increased concentrate level through cottonseed meal inclusion, decreased CH4IMilk and CH4IGain by 10 and 20% and increased MY and ADG by 12 and 31%, respectively. Lastly, increased feeding level decreased CH4IGain by 37%, while increasing ADG by 171%. The identified effective mitigation strategies can be adopted by livestock producers according to their specific needs and aid LAC countries in achieving SDG as defined in the Paris Agreement. Fil: Congio, Guilhermo Francklin de Souza. Universidade do Sao Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz; Brasil. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria; Colombia Fil: Bannink, André. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países Bajos Fil: Mayorga Mogollón, Olga Lucía. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria; Colombia Fil: Jaurena, Gustavo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia. Departamento de Producción Animal. Cátedra de Nutrición Animal; Argentina Fil: Gonda, Horacio Leandro. Uppsala Universitet; Suecia Fil: Gere, José Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Cerón Cucchi, María Esperanza. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina Fil: Ortiz Chura, Abimael. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Tieri, María Paz. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea; Argentina Fil: Hernandez, Olegario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucuman-Santiago del Estero; Argentina Fil: Ricci, Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. Grupo Vinculado Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado Al Ipads | Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. Grupo Vinculado Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado Al Ipads.; Argentina Fil: Juliarena, María Paula. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Lombardi, Banira. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Abdalla, Adibe Luiz. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Abdalla Filho, Adibe Luiz. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Berndt, Alexandre. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Oliveira, Patrícia Perondi Anchão. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Henrique, Fábio Luis. Colegios Asociados de Uberaba; Brasil Fil: Monteiro, Alda Lúcia Gomes. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil Fil: Borges, Luiza Ilha. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil Fil: Ribeiro Filho, Henrique Mendonça Nunes. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasil Fil: Ribeiro Pereira, Luiz Gustavo. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Tomich, Thierry Ribeiro. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Campos, Mariana Magalhães. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Machado, Fernanda Samarini. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Marcondes, Marcos Inácio. Universidade Federal de Viçosa.; Brasil Fil: Mercadante, Maria Eugênia Zerlotti. Agencia de Tecnología Agroindustrial de Sao Paulo; Argentina Fil: Sakamoto, Leandro Sannomiya. Agencia de Tecnología Agroindustrial de Sao Paulo; Argentina Fil: Albuquerque, Lucia Galvão. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Carvalho, Paulo César de Faccio. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Hristov, Alexander Nikolov. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países Bajos. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria; Colombia

The spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) is considered the main and most limiting pest of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.), and has caused economic losses to Brazilian farmers. In this study, we evaluated the insecticidal effects of aqueous extracts of garlic, rue, cinnamon, lemongrass, clove, star anise, eucalyptus, tobacco, and thyme on M. spectabilis nymphs. The results indicated that the tobacco extract was the most effective among all extracts, as it reached a mortality of 76%. The next most effective was star anise extract and cinnamon extract was the least effective. In the second stage of tests, we evaluated the insecticidal potential of five concentrations of tobacco extract. The values of LD50 and LD90 calculated for aqueous tobacco extract were, respectively, 11.5% and 33.3% 24 h after application, and 9.2% and 29.5% 48 h after application. We also evaluated different methods of extraction, through comparative tests, and the methods of infusion and decoction proved to be equivalent to those of the method of extraction by ultrasound. We conclude that among the nine aqueous plant extracts tested, tobacco extract was the only one recommended against M. spectabilis, as it showed insecticidal activity, with better results at a concentration of 25%, and with extraction by infusion and decoction. Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-05T16:12:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Insecticidal-activity.pdf: 1452225 bytes, checksum: 2f6298720d40af568e40abfd345a2286 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-11 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) BACKGROUND: The cattle introduced by European conquerors during the Brazilian colonization period were exposed to a process of natural selection in different types of biomes throughout the country, leading to the development of locally adapted cattle breeds. In this study, whole-genome re-sequencing data from indicine and Brazilian locally adapted taurine cattle breeds were used to detect genomic regions under selective pressure. Within-population and cross-population statistics were combined separately in a single score using the de-correlated composite of multiple signals (DCMS) method. Putative sweep regions were revealed by assessing the top 1% of the empirical distribution generated by the DCMS statistics. RESULTS: A total of 33,328,447 biallelic SNPs with an average read depth of 12.4X passed the hard filtering process and were used to access putative sweep regions. Admixture has occurred in some locally adapted taurine populations due to the introgression of exotic breeds. The genomic inbreeding coefficient based on runs of homozygosity (ROH) concurred with the populations' historical background. Signatures of selection retrieved from the DCMS statistics provided a comprehensive set of putative candidate genes and revealed QTLs disclosing cattle production traits and adaptation to the challenging environments. Additionally, several candidate regions overlapped with previous regions under selection described in the literature for other cattle breeds. CONCLUSION: The current study reported putative sweep regions that can provide important insights to better understand the selective forces shaping the genome of the indicine and Brazilian locally adapted taurine cattle breeds. Such regions likely harbor traces of natural selection pressures by which these populations have been exposed and may elucidate footprints for adaptation to the challenging climatic conditions. São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Animal Breeding and Genetics Group Department of Animal Sciences University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3 Center for Integrated Breeding Research University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3 National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Embrapa Dairy Cattle Embrapa Beef Cattle São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences

Background Global publications on Q fever have increased after the 2007 epidemic in the Netherlands. However, the epidemiology of Q fever/coxiellosis in Brazil is still poorly understood. Accordingly, there have been few studies investigating the presence of Coxiella burnetii in dairy products around the world, especially in Brazil, where consumption of fresh cheese made from raw-milk is very high. Objective This study was a random survey to assess the prevalence of C. burnetii by PCR in traditional Minas artisanal cheese from the Serro microregion, Brazil, which is manufactured from bovine raw-milk. Methods DNA extracted from 53 cheese samples were analyzed by nested PCR with C. burnetii-specific primers and the products confirmed by DNA sequencing. Results Out of the 53 cheese samples five (9.43%) were C. burnetii DNA-positive, each coming from one of the respective randomly selected manufacturing agroindustries. Based on our results, it is estimated that 1.62 tons/day of ready-to-eat cheese made from raw-milk from a total of 16.2 tons produced daily in the study region are contaminated with C. burnetii. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of highly heat-resistant zoonotic pathogen in raw-milk Brazilian artisanal cheese. This food safety hazard has been completely neglected in ready-to-eat raw-milk Brazilian artisanal cheese and could imply potential threats to consumers, since C. burnetii survives in artisanal cheese submitted to long ripening periods. Thus, this work established random and representative baseline prevalence of C. burnetii in this food product in Brazil. Further epidemiological studies, monitoring trends and setting control targets are warranted. Finally, these results point out the importance of including C. burnetii in animal and public health surveillance programs.

RESUMO - Características produtivas e nutricionais de Brachiaria decumbens, submetida a condições de sombreamento (sol pleno, 20% e 70% de sombreamento), sem e com uso de fertilização (80 kg.ha-1 de N e K2O e 60 kg.ha-1 de P2O5), foram avaliadas no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As parcelas sombreadas foram alocadas em um sistema silvipastoril, enquanto aquelas a pleno sol foram avaliadas em um monocultivo de B. decumbens. O sombreamento severo promoveu reduções de 54% na massa seca verde, 59% na massa seca total e 58% na densidade volumétrica de forragem. Aumentos da massa de forragem e da densidade volumétrica em resposta ao fertilizante foram observados somente nas condições de sol pleno e sombreamento moderado. A adubação não influenciou nas características nutricionais da forragem, mas o sombreamento severo promoveu aumentos de 20 e 51% nos teores de clorofila e de proteína bruta, respectivamente. Reduções dos teores de fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido foram observadas com o sombreamento. Os teores de lignina e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca não variaram com nenhum fator estudado (médias de 6,0 e 60,9%, respectivamente). A adubação de B. decumbens com dose moderada de NPK é recomendada para dosséis cultivados no sol pleno e sombreamento moderado, mas deve ser evitada em pastos severamente sombreados, pois não reflete aumento de massa de forragem nem melhorias de seu valor nutricional. ABSTRACT - Productive and nutritional traits of Brachiaria decumbens, submitted to shading conditions (full sun, 20% and 70% shading) and fertilization levels (without or with 80 kg.ha-1 of N and K2O and 60 kg.ha-1 of P2O5), were evaluated in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The shading were allocated in a silvopastoral system, while full sun was obtained in an exclusive B. decumbens pasture. The severe shading reduced the green dry mass in 54%, total dry mass in 59% and the forage bulk density in 58%. Increases in the forage mass and forage bulk density in response to fertilization were observed only in full sun and moderate shade. The nutritional traits did not vary with fertilization, but the chlorophyll and crude protein contents increased 20 and 51% with severe shading, respectively. The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber reduced with shade. The lignin content and in vitro dry matter digestibility did not vary with factors (average values of 6.0 and 60.9%, respectively). Fertilization with moderate dose of NPK is recommended to B. decumbens in full sun and moderate shading, but should be avoided in severely shaded pasture, because not reflected in improvement of forage mass and its nutritional traits.

In dairy farm animals, one the most important goal of the selection is the improvement of milk yield and composition. Several studies have demonstrated that the candidate genes of the kappa-casein (CSN3) and Beta- lactoglobulin (Beta-LG) are associated with milk yield, milk quality and health traits in dairy animals. Therefore the aim of this study was to detect polymorphisms in CSN3 and Beta-LG genes and its association with milk yield in up to 305 days (305MY) and predicted transmission capacity (PTA) for 305MY in Girolando cattle. Totally, 138 bulls and 729 cows (n=867) were sampled. The genotypes of both genes were obtained by the PCR-RFLP method using HinfI and HaeIII enzymes for CSN3 and Beta-LG genes, respectively. Statistical results revealed two alleles A and B for both genes. The genotypes and alleles more frequents for CSN3 and Beta-LG genes were respectively: AA (0.7324) and A (0.8558), and AB (0.4827) and A (0.5017). The x 2 test revealed that the two loci were at Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium (p0.05). The allele variants of Beta-LG and CSN3 might be more investigated before include them into future breeding schemes designed for Girolando dairy cattle with objective of improving milk traits as milk yield in up to 305 days (305MY) and predicted transmission capacity (PTA) for 305MY. RESUMO - Em rebanhos leiteiros, um dos objetivos mais importantes da seleção é a melhoria da produção e composição do leite. Vários estudos demonstraram que os genes candidatos da kappa-caseína (CSN3) e da Beta-lactoglobulina (Beta-LG) estão associados à produção de leite, qualidade do leite e características de saúde em animais leiteiros. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi detectar polimorfismos nos genes CSN3 e Beta-LG e avaliar possíveis associações desses polimorfismos com a produção de leite em até 305 dias (305MY) e a capacidade de transmissão prevista (PTA) de leite em bovinos da raça Girolando. No total, 138 touros e 729 vacas (n = 867) foram amostrados. A genotipagem foi realizada pelo método PCR-RFLP utilizando as enzimas HinfI e HaeIII para os genes CSN3 e Beta-LG, respectivamente. Os resultados estatísticos revelaram dois alelos A e B para ambos os genes. Os genótipos e alelos mais frequentes para os genes CSN3 e Beta-LG foram respectivamente: AA (0,7324) e A (0,8558) e AB (0,4827) e A (0,5017). O teste x2 revelou que os dois loci estavam em equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg (p 0,05). Portanto, as variantes alélicas identificadas nos genes ?-LG e CSN3 devem ser mais investigadas antes de serem incluídas nos programas de melhoramento desenhados para bovinos leiteiros Girolando objetivando melhorar as características do leite analisadas no presente estudo. Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-30T18:13:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RrevBrasSPAMartaGenetic.pdf: 131332 bytes, checksum: b33cda6d68a0a1b815ecb7811a132abe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Objective: In vitro maturation has been shown to influence gene expression in oocytes, but a common shortcoming in reports on the matter has been the use of different donors in each experimental group thus disregarding donor effects. This study aimed to investigate the abundance of mRNA in oocytes matured in vivo and in vitro obtained from the same group of donors. Methods: A bovine model was used to assess the relative abundance of specific transcripts in in vitro-matured (IN VITRO-OPU) and in vivo-matured (IN VIVO-OPU) oocytes collected from the same donors by transvaginal ovum pick-up (OPU). Transcript abundance in oocytes from the IN VIVO-OPU group and oocytes matured in vitro but retrieved from different cows slaughtered at a commercial abattoir (IN VITRO-Abattoir group) was also compared. Total RNA was extracted from denuded oocytes and cDNA was produced via reverse transcription using an oligo(dT) primer for relative quantification of eight target transcripts by real-time PCR. Results: Oocytes in the IN VITRO-OPU group had lower (p

In this study, we evaluate the olfactory responses of Mahanarva spectabilis adults to aqueous extracts from the following non-host plants for the pest insect: garlic (Allium sativum L.), rue (Ruta graveolens L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.), clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) applied to the host plant, elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.). The bioassays were performed using a Y olfactometer, and the combinations of the plant extracts applied to the host plant were tested against fresh air and against the host plant without the extract. The results show that the extracts of tobacco and star anise were non-attractive to M. spectabilis adults. The extracts from the remaining plants did not alter the response of M. spectabilis to the host plant. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-16T12:04:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Olfactory-response.pdf: 618195 bytes, checksum: 1eb007b62149570c45bf80f7b06d96f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

RESUMO - O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes arranjos de plantio próprios para o consórcio com a atividade agrícola e pecuária, bem como tipos de consórcio na produção de plantas de pinhão manso em duas safras. O experimento foi realizado no município de Coronel Pacheco, Minas Gerais, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo a parcela representada por 5 espaçamentos: 6x3m (555 pl ha-1); 12x(2x2)m (714 pl ha-1); 10x(2x2)m (833 pl ha-1); 8x(2x2)m (1.000 pl ha-1); 6x1,5m (1.111 pl ha-1) e a subparcela representada por dois tipos de consórcio (integração lavoura-pecuária-pinhão manso - iLPF, e integração pecuária pinhão manso - SSP). As avalições contemplaram as safras 2010/2011 e 2011/2012. Os resultados demonstraram que o maior espaçamento de plantio (6x3m) apresentou efeito positivo na produção por planta, superando os demais tratamentos. Não foram observados efeitos significativos no número de sementes por fruto, bem como no peso da semente. A produção por hectare, foi maior no espaçamento 6x1,5m (maior densidade populacional), entretanto não seguiu uma tendência linear. O sistema iLPF apresentou efeito significativo na produção, superando o sistema SSP. ABSTRACT - The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of different spacing plantings and intercropping models on physic nut trees yield in two harvest seasons. The experimental trial was carried out in Coronel Pacheco, Minas Gerais, in a randomized complete bocks design, in a split-plotted scheme. The experimental unit was represented by 5 different spacing plantings 6x3m (555 pl ha-1); 12x(2x2)m (714 pl ha-1); 10x(2x2)m (833 pl ha-1); 8x(2x2)m (1,000 pl ha-1); 6x1,5m (1.111 pl ha-1) and the sub-unit by two intercropping models (crop-livestock-forestry - iLPF, and livestock-forestry - SSP). The evaluation period contemplated 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 harvest seasons. The results showed that the higher spacing planting (6x3m) had a positive effect on individual tree yield, overcoming the others. No effect was observed for number of seeds per fruit and seed weight. The yield per hectare was higher in the closest spacing planting (6x1.5m), however it did not follow a linear trend. The iLPF system affected yield positively, overcoming the SSP system.

RESUMO - Este experimento teve como objetivo principal avaliar as alterações no perfil de ácidos graxos do leite decorrentes do fornecimento de diferentes níveis de óleo de girassol (OG) para vacas leiteiras alimentadas com dietas completas à base de capim-elefante. Doze vacas da raça Holandesa receberam quatro níveis de OG na dieta (0; 1,3; 2,5 e 3,7% da MS) em delineamento quadrado latino 4 x 4. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) dos níveis de OG sobre o consumo de MS, a produção de leite ou os teores de sólidos do leite. Por outro lado, o perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) do leite foi amplamante modificado com a inclusão de OG na dieta, e observou-se redução (P

RESUMO - O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variação do perfil proteico e do cálcio solúvel na coagulação do leite pelo etanol nas temperaturas de 4ºC, 10ºC, 15ºC e 20ºC. Amostras de leite de 61 animais foram avaliadas quanto à estabilidade ao etanol nas concentrações de 66 a 92% (v/v) nas temperaturas de 4ºC, 10ºC, 15ºC e 20ºC. Três amostras, após 24 horas de armazenamento a 4ºC, foram ultracentrifugadas em quadruplicata (40.000 x g) a 4ºC e a 20ºC, respectivamente, por 60 minutos. Em seguida, o sobrenadante foi retirado e submetido à análise do cálcio solúvel pela técnica via úmida (digestão nitroperclórica) e leitura em espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica. O perfil proteico foi analisado pela técnica de eletroforese capilar empregando kit específico para determinação proteica. Os resultados mostraram uma correlação positiva entre o aumento da temperatura das amostras e a estabilidade do leite frente às diferentes concentrações de etanol. A porcentagem de cálcio solúvel no sobrenadante após ultracentrifugação foi maior nas amostras tratadas a 4ºC (P

Crossbreeding has been used to improve performance in beef cattle, however the effects of breed composition on methane (CH4) production, yield and intensity from cattle raised in tropical intensive and integrated systems remain unknown. To assess the impact of breed composition on performance and methane emissions, Nellore (NEL; yr 1: BW = 171.5± 19.4 kg; n = 10; yr 2: BW = 215.8±32.3 kg, n = 25) and Angus x Nellore crossbred (AN; yr 1: BW = 214.2±26.4 kg, n = 10; yr 2: BW = 242.5±32.2 kg, n = 25) were compared. The animals grazed on integrated crop-livestock system in the growing phase (stocking rate 2452 kg BW/ha, herbage mass 4,884 kg dry matter (DM)/ha, forage allowance 5.9 kg DM/100kg BW) and then were finished in a feedlot. Steers (n = 8) from each breed composition were randomly selected in each phase to measure CH4 production using a sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique and DM intake (DMI) using titanium dioxide. Compared with NEL, AN had both superior total gain and average daily gain (ADG) in the grazing period. The AN presented greater ADG in the feedlot with a shorter finishing period and resulted in greater carcass yield and carcass ADG. Methane production (kg/period) was lower in NEL (19% less) than AN in grazing (P

The monitoring of resistance of cattle tick populations in Brazil to the chemical bases in use is largely limited to investigation of the phenotypic profile. There are few studies investigating the role played by the genotypic profile in acaricide resistance in the country. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to carry out molecular characterization and trace out the genetic profile of populations of Rhipicephalus microplus with respect to resistance to the organophosphate and pyrethroid chemical groups. For that purpose, larvae were genotyped belonging to 587 populations for pyrethroids and 306 for organophosphates, using the polymerase chain reaction technique. It was found that 75.49% and 97.44% of the larvae studied showed resistance to the organophosphates and pyrethroids, respectively. Among the populations resistant to pyrethroids, 91.9% were heterozygotes, showing that most of the resistant populations have only one allele responsible for resistance. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the genotyped populations have high resistance to organophosphates, and even more so to pyrethroids. This information is fundamental for understanding the mechanisms of resistance of R. microplus to acaricides, to enable improvement of control techniques. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-12T17:21:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A-new-approach-to-characterization-of-the-resistance-of-populations-of-Rhipicephalus.pdf: 589212 bytes, checksum: 6d713c888475983bb76835b2a38e9b87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013

Eighty-five Holland herds under control official lactation index were Somatic Cell Count (SCC) analyzed from March 2009 to February 2010. A total of 1,020 samples were collected monthly during this period. The herds were classified according to geographical location in the Minas Gerais State and number of dairy cows. The data were transformed to SCC linear score, and the average compared by the analysis of variance statistical analysis using the statistical program SPSS. This study did not find any association between location of the herd and CCS (p>0.05). It was also observed that herds with a greater number of lactating cows (from 21 to 40 and higher to 80) had lower rates of SCC (p0,05). Quanto a variação de CCS em relação ao tamanho do rebanho, foi observado que aqueles com um número maior de vacas em lactação (de 21 a 40 e acima de 80) tiveram índices menores de CCS (p

Avaliaram-se o desempenho produtivo e o consumo de nutrientes e frações fibrosas em ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo coprodutos do desfibramento do sisal, Agave sisalana. Foram utilizados 24 ovinos, machos, alojados em baias individuais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro dietas isoproteicas, em que: i) dieta padrão, contendo 38% de volumoso (silagem de milheto) e 62% de concentrado (milho, farelo de soja e ureia); ii) inclusão de 20% da silagem de mucilagem do sisal em substituição à silagem de milheto; iii) inclusão de 20% da silagem de mucilagem associada ao pó da batedeira como aditivo em substituição à silagem de milheto; iv) inclusão de 20% do feno da mucilagem em substituição à silagem de milheto. O peso corporal final, os ganhos médio diário e total e a conversão alimentar dos ovinos não foram influenciados pelas dietas avaliadas (P>0,05). Os consumos dos nutrientes, em g/dia e em %PC e g/kg0,75, não sofreram influência das dietas. Os resultados indicam que as dietas à base de coprodutos do sisal podem ser utilizadas como alternativa volumosa, além de possibilitar o aumento da rentabilidade da atividade na região semiárida brasileira. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performanceand mean daily intake of nutrients in sheep fed diets containing sisal, Agave sisalana, and co-products. Twenty-four male sheep were used in individual stalls. A completely randomized design was used, with four treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of four isonitrogenous, in which: i) standard diet containing 38% forage (millet silage) and 62% concentrate (corn, soybean meal and urea), ii) inclusion 20% agave mucilage silage to replace millet silage in the standard diet, iii) inclusion of 20% agave mucilage silage associated with agave powder as additive to replace millet silage in the standard diet, iv) inclusion of 20% agave mucilage hay in substitution of millet silage. The final body weight, average daily gain, the total weight gain and feed conversion of sheep was not affected by the diets tested (P>0.05). Similarly, the intake of nutrients in g/day, % BW and g/kg0,75 were not affected by the diets. The results indicate that the experimental diets based on the agave co-products can be used as alternative roughage in the semiarid region of Brazil, as well as help increase the profitability of cattle ranching in the region.

RESUMO - Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes manejos e doses de adubação, intervalos de desfolha e estações anuais sobre as características morfogênicas do capim-xaraés. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema de parcelas sub-subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas um esquema fatorial 2 x 2, duas estações anuais (inverno e verão) e dois manejos de adubação (convencional e fertirrigação), nas subparcelas quatro intervalos de desfolha (21, 28, 35 e 42 dias) e nas sub-subparcelas seis níveis de adubação (0, 15, 39, 64, 83 e 100% das doses de 700 e 560 kg de N e K2O, respectivamente), no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. As características morfogênicas foram estudadas por meio das taxas de aparecimento de folhas (TApF) e de alongamento de folhas (TAlF) e colmo (TAlC). Os efeitos proporcionados pelos intervalos de desfolha nas características morfogênicas foram dependentes do manejo, dos níveis de adubação e da estação anual. A estação verão proporcionou maiores médias nas características morfogênicas estudadas. O manejo da adubação (convencional e fertirrigação) não afetou os parâmetros avaliados e o aumento da adubação nitrogenada e potássica proporcionaram acréscimos nas TApF e TAlF. ABSTRACT- The objective of is study was to analyze the effects of different management, fertilizer level, rest period and annual seasons on the morphogenetic characteristic of the Xaraes grass. The study was done in a completely randomized split-split-plot design, with four replications, with plots in 2 x 2 factorial, two annual seasons (winter and summer) and two fertilizing managements (conventional and fertigation), four rest periods in the split-plots (21, 28, 35 and 42 days) and six fertilizer levels in the split-split-plots (0, 15, 39, 64, 83 and 100% of the dose of 700 N and 560 kg K2O). The morphogenesis characteristics were evaluated through the leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER) and stem elongation rate (SER). The effect of the rest period on morphogenesis characteristics was dependent on the management, fertilizer level and the annual seasons. Morphogenesis characteristic means were higher during the summer season. The fertilization management did not affect the evaluated parameters and the increase of the fertilizer rate increased LAR and LER. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-10T19:19:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Taxas-de-aparecimento-e-alongamento-do-capim-xaraes.pdf: 1087858 bytes, checksum: da09529e1ade4e36b6a7c09c50c18c1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010

RESUMO - Embora tenha potencial de adaptabilidade para várias regiões do Brasil, o triticale, gramínea produtora de grãos e forragem,tem sido mais utilizado na Região Sul do Brasil. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se conhecer o valor nutritivo da planta de triticale e algumascaracterísticas de sua silagem quando cultivada na Região Sudeste e submetida a seis idades de corte. O experimento foi instalado (07/07/95)emumapropriedadeparticularnomunicípiodeGuarani(MG),emdelineamentointeiramentecasualizado,comquatrorepetições, sendo avaliado o efeito da idade de corte (73, 80, 87, 94, 101 e 108 dias) sobre o valor nutricional da forragem do triticaleesobreospadrõesdefermentaçãoedequalidadedasuasilagem.Houveincrementode0,46edecréscimode0,09unidadesporcentuais, respectivamente, nos teores de matéria seca (MS) e de proteína bruta (PB) da silagem, para cada dia adicional na idadedecorte,sendoosmaioresteoresdeMSobtidosdeplantascortadasaos87e101dias.Foiobservadocomportamentoquadráticoentre os valores (P

The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of B. ruziziensis clones to the spittlebug species Deois schach and Mahanarva spectabilis. Together with the cultivar Marandu (B. brizantha) and the progenies 77s, 85s and 106s as controls, 71 B. ruziziensis clones were evaluated in a randomized block design. Six spittlebug eggs about to hatch were artificially infested and 40 days later evaluated for the percentage of surviving nymphs and plant damage based on a rating scale. Analysis of variance identified significant differences for nymph survival and plant damage of both spittlebug species. Since nymph survival and damage scores of the clones 100, 95, 19, 42, 93, 4, 92, 47, 26, 63, and 58 were similar to Marandu, these can be considered resistant to insect pests. These results, besides demonstrating the existence of genetic variability for a possible selection, offer hope for an identification of B. ruziziensis spittlebug-resistant genotypes. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-09T17:20:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Genetic-variability-in-Brachiaria-ruziziensis-for-resistance-to-spittlebugs.pdf: 766323 bytes, checksum: 82b938be46d98fbd4b0223ca250319ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010

RESUMO - Avaliou-se o efeito de patógenos da mastite sobre a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) em leite. Foram coletadas 3.987 amostras de leite de 2.657 animais oriundos de 24 rebanhos leiteiros localizados nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. As amostras de leite foram usadas para CCS e identificação de patógenos da mastite. Estatísticas descritivas, teste T para amostras independentes e modelo linear generalizado foram usados para análise dos dados. O modelo linear generalizado identificou os efeitos de rebanho, animal dentro de rebanho, ordem de parto, estação do ano e infecção intramamária causada por Streptococcus agalactiae e Streptococcus spp. que não S. agalactiae como significativos na variação da CCS. O efeito de animal dentro de rebanho foi maior que o efeito de rebanho. S. agalactiae foi o patógeno responsável pelo maior aumento da CCS em vacas e apresentou em média 1.520.000 células/mL. Foi observado efeito específico dos patógenos na variação da CCS. ABSTRACT - The influence of mastitis pathogens on variation of milk somatic cell count (SCC) was evaluated. Three thousand nine hundred eighty-seven milk samples were colected from 2,657 dairy cows in 24 herds located in the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. The milk samples were used to SCC and identification of mastitis pathogens. Descriptive statistics, T test for independent samples, and generalized linear model were used to data analysis. The generalized linear model identified the effects of herd, animal within herd, parity, year season, intramammary infection, and infection caused by Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus spp. except S. agalactiae as significant on SCC variation. The effect of animal within herd was higher than the effect of herd. S. agalactiae was the pathogen responsible for higher SCC increasing and presented the average of 1,520,000 cells/mL. The specific effect on SCC variation was observed in the study. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-12T16:20:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Variacao-da-contagem-de-celulas-somaticas-em-vacas-leiteiras-de-acordo-com-patogenas-da-mastite.pdf: 165077 bytes, checksum: ef33e60bb5540d788c8f856aab2874a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009

RESUMO - A importância do (F1) para o Brasil é notória, associando rusticidade e produtividade, porém é grande a dificuldade do produtor em manter seu rebanho nesse grau de sangue. No laboratório da Embrapa Gado de Leite em Juiz de Fora, MG foram produzidos in vitro 266 embriões (F1), a partir de complexos cumulus-oócitos (CCO's) de vacas Gir puncionadas e fecundadas com sêmen de touro Holandês. Destes, 53 embriões foram transferidos a fresco para receptoras de rebanhos comerciais de uma Cooperativa da Zona da Mata, MG, enquanto 72 embriões foram inovulados em rebanho controlado da Embrapa Campo Experimental de Coronel Pacheco. A produção de embriões F1 por fecundação in vitro apresentou taxa de produção de blastocisto de 15,58%. A taxa de gestação obtida foi de 26,4% no rebanho comercial e 40,2% no rebanho da Embrapa. Considerando-se o nascimento de 50% de machos e fêmeas, conclui-se que em rebanhos de 100 vacas seriam obtidas 13 fêmeas (13% de reposição) nos rebanhos comerciais e 20 fêmeas (20% de reposição) no rebanho da Embrapa. Foram muitas as dificuldades de operacionalização para o uso de dessa biotecnologia que requer um mínimo de escrituração zootécnica, controle sanitário, observação de cios e manejo reprodutivo. ABSTRACT - The importance of (F1) to Brazil is notable, associating productivity and rusticity, it is difficult to the producer maintaining the herd in this blood degree. In Embrapa's Gado de Leite, laboratory in the city of Juiz de Fora, M.G., 266 embryos (F1) were produced in vitro from the oocytes of Gir cows, punched and fecundated with Holstein Friesan bull semen. Out of these, 53 embryos were transferred at natural into recipient cows in the commercial herds indicated by the technicians of a great cooperative of Zona da Mata's area, 72 embryos were transferred into recipients of Embrapa's herds under nutritional and sanitary controls. The remainder 139 embryos were frozen due to the lack of adequate recipient cows. The production of F1 embryos through in vitro fecundation of oocytes from Gir cows with semen from Holstein Friesan bull blastocist production rate of 15,58 %. The pregnance rate obtained was 26.4% in the cows from the commercial herds and 40.2% in the herds of Embrapa Gado de Leite. Considering the birth of 50% female cows, we can estimate a replacement annual rate of 13% (26.2% for gestation) for commercial herds and 20% (40% for pregnancy) for the controlled herd. There were many difficulties encountered in the operation, such as (i) the low level of adoption of technology; (ii) little investment in feeding, handling and sanity conditions of the herds; (iii) conditions capable to compromising the utilization of embryos, which requires a minimum of structure in terms of zoo-technical documentation, observation of rutting and reproduction management. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-05T18:26:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Embrioes-F1-Hol-x-Gir-produzidos-in-vitro-utilizados-a-fresco-em-rebanhos-leiteiros.pdf: 100113 bytes, checksum: 3d878c8f0e48f7888c4ff2520213c048 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009

RESUMO - Na Região Sudeste o período do inverno é caracterizado pela escassez e perda de qualidade das pastagens, sendo o azevémanual uma das forrageiras invernais mais recomendadas para suplementação da dieta dos rebanhos leiteiros nesta época do ano. Comeste trabalho, buscou-se avaliar o comportamento de populações de azevém resultantes de coleta de germoplasma. Foram avaliadas30populações,sendo22resultantesdecoletasrecentesrealizadasnaRegiãoSuleoitopertencentesàcoleçãodaEmbrapa.Foiutilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com três repetições, sendo realizados sete cortes. Foram avaliados: altura daplanta, porcentagem e produção de matéria seca, rebrota, número de dias até o florescimento e produção de sementes. Observou-sevariação entre as populações para todas as características avaliadas. A estimativa da produção total de matéria seca variou de 3654 kg/ha (população LE 284) a 8544 kg/ha (CNPGL 164). Os resultados demonstraram elevado potencial de produção de forragem entre aspopulações de azevém coletadas, sendo que algumas delas podem ser recomendadas para cultivo invernal na Região Sudeste. ABSTRACT - In the Southeast Region of Brazil, the winter season is characterized by poor quality and low availability of the pastures. Inthat region the annual ryegrass is one of the most recommended winter forage to be used for dairy cattle diets. The objective of thisstudy was to evaluate the behavior of ryegrass populations under the Mata Atlantica environment. From the 30 evaluated populations,22werecollectedandeightbelongtoEmbrapascollection.Arandomizedblocksdesignwiththreereplicationswasused,andsevencuts were done. Plant height, percent and dry matter production, regrowth, days to flowering and seed production were recorded. Forall these parameters there were differences between populations. Total dry matter production varied from 3654 kg/ha (LE 284) to8544kg/ha(CNPGL164population).Theresultsshowedthatcollectedryegrasspopulationshavehighpotentialforforageproduction and some of them can be recommended for Southeast region during the winter season. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-09T15:19:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Comportamento-agronomico-de-populacoes-de-azevem-anual-para-cultivo-invernal-na-regiao-sudeste.pdf: 123419 bytes, checksum: 346118db1b27ca08d15f65e65de8f4da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008

RESUMO - OexperimentofoiconduzidonoCampoExperimentaldeCoronelPachecoMGdaEMBRAPAGadodeLeite.Oefeitodedosesde enxofre (sulfato de amônio, 0,15; 0,31; 0,46 e 0,92% de S na matéria verde / dia) na população de protozoários ruminais, foi avaliadoutilizando-se quatro novilhas 7/8 Holandês X Zebu, arranjadas em um quadrado latino de 4 x 4. Forneceu-se diariamente capim-elefante debaixa qualidade (76,1% FDN na MS), picado, com correção do teor de PB para 7% com uréia, mais mistura mineral sem enxofre fornecidadiretamentenorúmen.Foramfeitasamostragensdoconteúdoruminal,umahoraapósaalimentação.Aestimativadaspopulaçõesmicrobianasruminaisfoirealizadapormicroscópicadireta.Osresultadosforamtransformadosparalogaritmosdecimaiseavaliadosestatisticamente. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para microrganismos. O tratamento 0,92%S apresentou o menorconsumo de matéria seca e ainda, causou início de intoxicação em dois animais. De acordo com esses resultados, doses de 0,31% de enxofreadicionadas a dieta promoveram o incremento das populações de microganismos ruminais e com isso um maior consumo voluntário. ABSTRACT - The experiment was carried out in the Experimental Field of Coronel Pacheco belonging to EMBRAPA Dairy Cattle, MinasGerais. The effects of the doses of sulfur (ammonium sulfate, 0.15%, 0.31%, 0.46% and 0.92%S fresh matter/day) on the ruminalprotozoa population was evaluated by utilizing four 7/8 Holstein x Zebu, heifers arranged in 4 x 4 Latin square. Low quality elephantgrass (76.1% NDF in DM) , chopped with correction of the CP content to 7% with urea plus a mineral mixture without sulfur givendirectly into the rumen. Samplings of the ruminal content were done, one hour after feeding. The estimate of the ruminal microbialpopulationswasdonebymeansofthedirectmicroscopy.Theresultsweretransformedtodecimallogarithmandevaluatedstatistically. There were no significant differences among the treatments for microorganisms. The 0.92%S treatment presented theleastdrymatterintakeand,inaddition,causedstartofintoxicationintwoanimals.Accordingtothoseresults,dosesof0.31%ofsulfur added to the diet promoted the increase of the ruminal microorganism populations and hence a greater voluntary intake Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-09T16:19:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Efeito-de-diferentes-doses-de-enxofre-no-consumo-voluntario-e-nas-populacoes-de-protozoarios-do-rumen-de-novilhas.pdf: 61783 bytes, checksum: 5b9a422b93cd3e55b1069da72a90eab3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007

Doze cabras nuliparas da raça Toggenburg foram distribuidas em dois tratamentos (Tl e T2) para induçao do estro. 0 T1 (n=6) consistiu na inserçao da esponja imnpregnada com 60mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona, associado a aplicaçao de 50mg do analogo sintetico d-cloprostenol (PGF). No quarto dia, foram aplicadas 250UI de gonadotropina corionica equina (eCG) e, no quinto, a esponja foi retirada. 0 T2 (n=6) diferiu somente quanto ao dispositivo empregado, que foi 0 CIDR-G@. Seis cabras do Tl e seis do T2 entraram em estro depois da retirada dos dispositivos, sendo que 83,3 (5/6) e 33,3% (2/6) ficaram gestantes em Tl e T2, respectivamente. 0 intervalo da retirada do dispositivo ao inicio do estro nao diferiu entre tratamentos (P>O,O5). As caracteristicas ovulatorias nao foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos. 0 intervalo da retirada do dispositivo a ovulaçao, para ambos os protocolos de induçao do estro, nao diferiu (P>O,O5) entre tratamentos. Ambos os dispositivos foram eficientes em induzir O estro. [Estrous induction in Toggenburg goats using intravaginal devices]. Abstract: Twelve Toggenburg breed nuliparous female goats were randomly assigned to two treatments intended to induce estrus. On day zero, animals on T1 (n=6) were treated with an intravaginal sponge impregnated with 60mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate plus 50µg of PGF analogue. The T1 goats received eCG (250IU) on day 4, and on day 5 the sponge was removed. The T2 goats (n=6) received CIDR-G® as intravaginal sponge plus 50mg of PGF analogue. All goats expressed behavioral estrus, and the pregnancy rates were 83.3 (5/6) and 33.3% (2/6) for T1 and T2, respectively. The interval from withdrawal of the device to onset of estrus did not differ between treatments (P>0.05). Ovulatory traits also were not affected by treatments. The interval between CIDR-G® removal and ovulation for T1 and T2 goats were similar (P>0.05). Both sponge and CIDR-G were equally efficient in inducing the estrus behavior in goats.

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar os canais de comunicação e fontes de informação mais utilizados pelos agentes de extensão rural que trabalham com produtores de leite de duas microrregiões de Minas Gerais e sua relação com o uso da internet na rotina desses profissionais. Esta pesquisa é do tipo descritiva e utilizou-se de questionários estruturados. Conclui-se na comparação com as microrregiões que Uberaba possui os técnicos mais jovens, com menor tempo de serviço na empresa e os mais especializados. Os serviços de conexão e acesso à Internet também são privilegiados, refletindo em técnicos mais satisfeitos com a infraestrutura disponibilizada pela instituição e que navegam mais tempo na Web. Com relação aos técnicos de Cataguases predomina a faixa de idade superior a 40 anos, estes possuem mais tempo de serviço na empresa e têm infraestrutura de conexão menos privilegiada nos municípios que trabalham, refletindo em técnicos menos satisfeitos com o acesso a Web e com metade do tempo de navegação com relação a Uberaba. Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-07T12:01:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 coloquio-2021.pdf: 293552 bytes, checksum: 0455ff2ba6f5064b4a3cc5ce8f41ddab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional composition (fat, total protein, casein, defatted dry extract, total solids and vitamin A), refractometry and pH of Jersey cow colostrum and correlations between Brix degree and colostrum constituents. Colostrum samples were collected from Jersey cow in the fifth milking after calving. Samples were identified and refrigerated until analysis. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and a descriptive analysis, while differences between milk were compared by the Duncan?s test (P < 0.05) using the SAS version 9.0 software program. Pearson correlations were then performed between Brix grade and bovine colostrum constituents. The fat, total protein, casein, total solid and Brix percentage of the colostrum gradually decreased from the first to the fifth milking, while the lactose content increased. Positive correlations were observed between Brix values and protein, casein, total solids and defatted dry extract contents, while lactose was negatively correlated. The rapid reduction in Brix means and protein concentrations after delivery demonstrates the importance of administer colostrum in the shortest period after birth. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-05T14:00:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Physicochemical-characterization.pdf: 377187 bytes, checksum: 39ba920b2866ec597fb91fd3ac25fb3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

A pesquisa agropecuária produziu a partir da década de 1970 muitas tecnologias e conhecimentos que não chegaram a ser adequadamente utilizados pelos produtores rurais. Vários métodos de extensão rural foram criados para aumentar a adoção, por esse grupo, de tecnologias produzidas nas universidades e centros de pesquisa. Um desses métodos é a unidade de referência tecnológica (URT), que nesse caso é uma propriedade rural que utiliza determinada prática ou técnica inovadora. A escolha dessa propriedade, no entanto, não é simples, uma vez que há muitas URTs que não servem de espelho aos visitantes. O que o presente artigo discute são os requisitos para a escolha de uma propriedade para se constituir em uma URT com maiores chances de motivar os visitantes a utilizarem a técnica inovadora. Para isso, apresenta a experiência da escolha de uma URT na tecnologia de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF) no Território do Ribeirão do Boi, na região noroeste do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Na descrição da escolha da URT levam-se em conta as características do produtor, da tecnologia, da assistência técnica e da propriedade, sob uma análise crítica da ação extensionista nesse processo. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-12T17:21:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 O-processo-de-escolha-de-uma-propriedade-para-instalacao-de-uma-URT-em-ILPF.pdf: 559926 bytes, checksum: b39ffb67f92f47600173d22388738e78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016

An understanding of the interaction between spittlebugs and forage grasses is essential for establishing factors that favor productive pastures. In the present study, we evaluated the protein profiles of the spittle of Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) fed various elephant grass genotypes. Each plant was infested with a single fifth-instar M. spectabilis. After 24 h, samples of the spittle produced by each nymph were collected and stored at -20°C, after which their protein profiles were analyzed. The exclusivity or interactions of the proteins present in the spittle produced by the insects revealed the susceptibility of the tested genotypes. The results indicate that groups of genotypes show identical spittle protein profiles when subjected to attack by spittlebugs. Resistant and susceptible elephant grass genotypes exhibited high similarity indices within each group. The similarity index was low for the resistance control species (Brachiaria brizantha) compared with that of the tested elephant grass genotypes. Qualitative and quantitative studies of the proteins expressed in the most promising materials will be performed in an ongoing genetic improvement program seeking to develop genotypes resistant to spittlebugs, which are the main biotic pests of elephant grasses.

Tick resistance in cattle is mainly found in zebu (Bos indicus) animals, although it is also present in some taurine (B. taurus) breeds. In order to characterize functional genes involved in tick resistance/susceptibility in cattle, two cDNA libraries were generated using skin tissues of selected Holstein x Gyr animals. A total of 2700 high-quality reads from both resistant and susceptible cDNA were assembled into 458 sequences (contigs) and 834 singletons, with a mean size of 447.7 nucleotides. Assignment of homologous proteins by BLASTX revealed 790 (61.1%) and 300 (23.2%) hits in resistant and susceptible cDNA, respectively; 121 of these hits matched bovine proteins. A total of 502 (38.9%) unique sequences were found to have no significant homology with known sequences and were classified as novel sequences. In general, the most abundant sequences consisted of those coding for hypothetical proteins whose function had not yet been determined, in addition to ribosomal proteins, binding proteins and structural proteins, such as keratin and collagen. The most abundant protein found was collagen type III alpha, although ribosomal proteins accounted for half of the 40 most frequent hits. In addition, five matches within the top 40 best hits corresponded to immune response proteins. These sequences could be used for future studies on functional genomics of cattle tick resistance as well as for genomic sequencing projects. Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-26T23:37:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EXPRESSEDSEQUENCED.pdf: 2166771 bytes, checksum: 54737584f87941fecf22848e5428495a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-22 Projeto/Plano de Ação: 02.10.60.300-01.

Aboveground biomass (AGB) data are important for profitable and sustainable pasture management. In this study, we hypothesized that vegetation indexes (VIs) obtained through analysis of moderate spatial resolution satellite data (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2) and meteorological data can accurately predict the AGB of Brachiaria (syn. Urochloa) pastures in Brazil. We used AGB field data obtained from pastures between 2015 and 2019 in four distinct regions of Brazil to evaluate (i) the relationship between three different VIs?normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index 2 (EVI2) and optimized soil adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI)?and meteorological data with pasture aboveground fresh biomass (AFB), aboveground dry biomass (ADB) and dry-matter content (DMC); and (ii) the performance of simple linear regression (SLR), multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) algorithms for the prediction of pasture AGB based on VIs obtained through satellite imagery combined with meteorological data. The results highlight a strong correlation (r) between VIs and AGB, particularly NDVI (r = 0.52 to 0.84). The MLR and RF algorithms demonstrated high potential to predict AFB (R2 = 0.76 to 0.85) and DMC (R2 = 0.78 to 0.85). We conclude that both MLR and RF algorithms improved the biomass prediction accuracy using satellite imagery combined with meteorological data to determine AFB and DMC, and can be used for Brachiaria (syn. Urochloa) AGB prediction. Additional research on tropical grasses is needed to evaluate different VIs to improve the accuracy of ADB prediction, thereby supporting pasture management in Brazil. Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-24T12:00:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Prediction-aboveground-biomass.pdf: 1252337 bytes, checksum: 8c28255d14a371fd12b83ab37a62467a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

RESUMO - O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do florfenicol na dose usualmente empregada em equinos de 22 mg/kg pelas vias intravenosa, intramuscular e oral para o tratamento de adenite equina por Streptococcus equi. subsp. equi, usando a modelagem farmacocinética/farmacodinâmica (PK/PD ? Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic) e a simulação de Monte Carlo. Foi realizada uma simulação de Monte Carlo a partir dos parâmetros PK, logo depois, efetuou-se a modelagem PK/PD para determinar as taxas de eficácia do antimicrobiano para o tratamento dessa infecção bacteriana, de acordo com o valor da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), em um intervalo de CIM de 0,125 ? 4 µg/mL. Pela via intravenosa, a probabilidade de erradicação bacteriana foi de 100% para CIM até 0,5 µg/mL e efeito bacteriostático com probabilidades de 99% e 80% para CIMs de 2 e 4 µg/mL, respectivamente. Já pelas vias intramuscular e oral a probabilidade de se atingir o índice de erradicação bacteriológica foi de 100% para CIM de até 0,5 µg/mL, contudo, atinge valores de 80% e 81%, respectivamente, para CIM de 1 µg/mL considerando o efeito bactericida (p

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as caracteristicas agronomicas de cinco cultivares de milho (BRS 1055, BRS 3035, BRS 2022, SAO JOSE and BRS CAIMBE) recomendados para producao de silagem no Agreste de Pernambuco. Para tanto foram determinadas as produtividades de materia verde (PMV), de materia seca (PMS), numero de espigas (NE), altura de planta (AP), altura de insercao de espigas (AIE), populacao de plantas (PP), porcentagem de plantas quebradas (PQB) e as proporcoes de espiga (%EMS), colmo (%CMS) e folha (%FMS) na materia verde e na materia seca. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (cultivares) e cinco repeticoes. O cultivar SAO JOSE destacou-se em relacao a altura de planta, de insercao de espigas e porcentagem de plantas quebradas, apresentando media de 2,05m, 1,15m e 7,62%, respectivamente. Os cultivares BRS 3035, BRS 2022 e BRS CAIMBE obtiveram as maiores producoes de materia seca (9,68, 9,66 e 8,62 Mg ha-1, respectivamente). Os cultivares avaliados apresentaram bom equilibrio na relacao folha: colmo: espiga e estao de acordo com os resultados apresentados para cultivares de milho consagrados para producao de silagem em distintas regioes brasileiras. Em geral, os cultivares BRS 2022, BRS 3035, and BRS CAIMBE se destacaram em relacao aos demais nas caracteristicas agronomicas para producao de silagem na Serra da Borborema, que e uma zona semiarida do estado de Pernambuco.

RESUMO As técnicas de sensoriamento remoto têm sido muito promissoras para o desenvolvimento de medidas mais confiáveis e economicamente viáveis da produção vegetal em grandes áreas. O algoritmo SAFER (Simple Algorithm For Evapotranspiration Retrieving) é um algoritmo simplificado que tem apresentado bons resultados na estimativa da evapotranspiração (ET) em larga escala. Este trabalho objetivou o uso do SAFER e imagens MODIS para estimativa da ET na bacia do rio Paracatu. Os valores médios de evapotranspiração, para o ano de 2011, variaram de 0,60 ± 0,57 mm d-1 a 2,40 ± 1,04 mm d-1, com média anual de 1,50 ± 0,76 mm d-1. Para algumas áreas irrigadas, foram observados valores de evapotranspiração superiores a 3,5 mm d-1, o que representa mais que o dobro do valor médio de toda a bacia. Em geral, o SAFER gerou resultados satisfatórios em larga escala e esta metodologia tem potencial para ser aplicada no planejamento e monitoramento espaço-temporal da demanda hídrica, principalmente em bacias que apresentam conflitos ou riscos de perda de produtividade das culturas pela escassez hídrica regional. Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-28T04:12:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Artigo-Ricardo-BrasJAnEnvRes.pdf: 1171958 bytes, checksum: e3db0f7ec3d4b30c9221bf6a728ed4e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Background - Indigenous Sudanese cattle are mainly indicine/zebu (humped) type. They thrive in the harshest dryland environments characterised by high temperatures, long seasonal dry periods, nutritional shortages, and vector disease challenges. Here, we sequenced 60 indigenous Sudanese cattle from six indigenous breeds and analysed the data using three genomic scan approaches to unravel cattle adaptation to the African dryland region. Results - We identified a set of gene-rich selective sweep regions, detected mostly on chromosomes 5, 7 and 19, shared across African and Gir zebu. These include genes involved in immune response, body size and conformation, and heat stress response. We also identified selective sweep regions unique to Sudanese zebu. Of these, a 250 kb selective sweep on chromosome 16 spans seven genes, including PLCH2, PEX10, PRKCZ, and SKI, which are involved in alternative adaptive metabolic strategies of insulin signalling, glucose homeostasis, and fat metabolism. Conclusions - Our results suggest that environmental adaptation may involve recent and ancient selection at generich regions, which might be under a common regulatory genetic control, in zebu cattle. Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-21T16:19:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Genomic-signatures-for-drylands-adaptation-at-gene-rich-regions-in-African-zebu-cattle.pdf: 7532333 bytes, checksum: 3dc1bf56580424e98ba377f8c2afd4c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

This study evaluated the economic impact of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection in Morada Nova lambs under different parasite chemical control conditions. For this, 246 lambs, in the rainy and dry season, were randomized into groups according to their anthelmintic treatment with levamisole: control (CT: no treatment); routine treatment (RT: treated every 42 days); and targeted selective treatment (TST: treated according to the average daily weight gain, DWG). From 63 days of age (D63) to D210, the lambs were weighed and monitored for GIN infection parameters. Spending on anthelmintics in the production system was 1.3% of the total economic result. The economic result per animal (R$ 5.00 = US$ 1.00) was higher in the RT group, amounting to US$ 6.60 in the rainy and US$ 5.69 in the dry season, due to higher DWG. Thus, RT presented economic results 14.4% and 10.9% higher than CT, and 7.2% and 1.9% higher than TST, in the rainy and dry season, respectively. However, fast development of resistance made RT unfeasible. Here, the economic impact of GIN infection on a national scale is discussed, demonstrating its importance and the impossibility of profitable and sustainable sheep production without adequate control. Resumo Este estudo avaliou o impacto econômico da infecção por nematoides gastrintestinais (NGI), em cordeiros Morada Nova, sob diferentes condições de controle químico dos parasitas. Para isso, 246 cordeiros, na estação chuvosa e seca, foram randomizados em grupos de acordo com o tratamento com levamisol: controle (TC: sem tratamento); tratamento rotineiro (TR: tratado a cada 42 dias); e tratamento seletivo direcionado (TST: tratado de acordo com o ganho de peso médio diário, GMD). Dos 63 dias de idade (D63) ao D210, os cordeiros foram pesados e monitorados quanto aos parâmetros de infecção por NGI. O gasto com anti-helmínticos no sistema produtivo foi de 1,3% do resultado econômico total. O resultado econômico por animal (R$ 5,00 = US$ 1,00) foi maior no grupo RT, totalizando US$ 6,60 na estação chuvosa e US$ 5,69 na seca, devido ao maior GMD. Assim, o RT apresentou resultados econômicos 14,4% e 10,9% superiores ao TC, e 7,2% e 1,9% superiores ao TST, no período chuvoso e seco, respectivamente. Entretanto o rápido desenvolvimento de resistência inviabiliza o TR. O impacto econômico da infecção por NGI em escala nacional são aqui discutidos, demonstrando sua importância e a impossibilidade de uma ovinocultura lucrativa e sustentável sem o controle adequado.

Carboxylated Multi-wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT-COOH) presents unique properties due to nanoscale dimensions and permits a broad range of applications in different fields, such as bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the cytocompatibility of MWCNT-COOH with human stem cells is poorly understood. Thus, studies elucidating how MWCNT-COOH affects human stem cell viability are essential to a safer application of nanotechnologies. Using stem cells from the human exfoliated deciduous teeth model, we have evaluated the effects of MWCNT-COOH on cell viability, oxidative cell stress, and DNA integrity. Results demonstrated that despite the decreased metabolism of mitochondria, MWCNT-COOH had no toxicity against stem cells. Cells maintained viability after MWCNT-COOH exposure. MWCNTCOOH did not alter the superoxide dismutase activity and did not cause genotoxic effects. The present findings are relevant to the potential application of MWCNT-COOH in the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields. Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-31T02:05:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cytocompatibility-carboxylated.pdf: 1212719 bytes, checksum: 3a765d7e9612a0daa32979125140b553 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 Online ahead of print.

The aim of this study is twofold: (i) to provide an LCA of raw cow milk production systems from the two most representative states (Paran ?a and Minas Gerais) for milk production in Brazil considering four impact categories according to product category rules of raw milk; and (ii) to analyze the environmental performance of milk produced in Brazil (at the farm-gate) with that of milk produced in other parts of the world (at the farm-gate) based on valid EPDs of processed whole milk and LCA studies of milk in the existing literature. For building life cycle inventories, agricultural processes and activities associated with milk production were mapped out. Three milk production systems in Brazil were assessed, one confined, and two semi-confined, in two different regions, within Minas Gerais and Paran ?a states. The functional unit used in this study was 1 kg of fat and protein corrected milk. Moreover, an analysis of the environmental performance of milk produced in Brazil with that of milk produced in other parts of the world based on valid EPDs of processed milk was made. LCA results and the results obtained from the valid EPDs used different life cycle impact assessment methods (IPCC 2013; CML, ReCiPE) and impact categories (climate change, acidification potential, eutrophication, formation potential of tropospheric ozone). The raw milk (cradle-to-farm-gate) produced in Brazil (in different states and based on different systems - confined or semi-confined) has lower environmental impacts when associated with those (cradle-to-farm-gate) of published EPDs. The study also briefly compared the results of Brazilian milk production systems with cradle-to-farm-gate LCAs of raw milk found in the literature, and discussed a few strategies for the Brazilian market of milk and dairy products. MPS in Brazil can serve as a benchmark for MPS in other countries, and EPDs can add transparency to business-to-business and business-to-consumer relations. Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-18T13:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 An-analysis-of-Brazilian-raw-cow-milk-production-systems.pdf: 3231371 bytes, checksum: 92c49f2ad628f08377959647ca82e38f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two Embryo Manipulation Solutions (EMS and EMS supplemented) in maintenance of the viability of embryos, initially using structures derived from mice (first phase). Next, the efficiency of these solutions in routines of bovine embryo transfer was evaluated (second stage). Mice embryos were used in the stages of early blastocyst, and compact morula grades I and II. These embryos were initially randomly distributed and maintained for four hours in three solutions: Modified phosphate buffered saline (PBS; Control); EMS (treatment 1), and EMS supplemented (treatment 2). Subsequently, they were cultured in TCM 199 medium and evaluated in terms of total number of cells, morphometric characteristics, ultra structural aspects, detection of cell apoptosis, and quantification of Hsp70.3 gene expression. In the second phase, these same solutions were tested in the transfer of quality I and II bovine embryos (excellent and good). These embryos were transferred fresh to 58 recipients. The results showed that the total number of cells in embryos expanded blastocyst (ExB), the number of apoptotic cells, the cell, nuclear, nucleolar diameter and the nucleus/nucleolus ratio was similar among the treatments. The pregnancy rate shown on second phase was also similar. However, the EMS supplemented expressed more Hsp70.3 than EMS. The expression of Hsp70.3 was also greater for embryos in EMS than that of EMS supplemented. The McII embryos, EMS and EMS supplemented samples also expressed more Hsp70.3 compared to control embryos. In conclusion, the tested solutions can be used in routine embryo transfer techniques, replacing modified PBS solution as an effective media in maintaining embryo viability. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-14T18:15:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Useoftwonewformulations.pdf: 362244 bytes, checksum: b85d11069e75e32ef9abfcc43cabb793 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Water availability control may be relevant regarding the rational use of water resources. Thus, the objective of this work was to use remote sensing techniques as a tool to assist the control of the decendial difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration (Sp) in sub-basins of the Paracatu River. Negative values of Sp were observed in almost the complete study area, therefore, indicating that the region was in the dry season. In terms of water balance, the knowledge of the spatial-temporal of the Sp component can help the planning and control of water resources in watersheds with strong water demand by irrigated agriculture. It is recommended the execution of field validations by installing towers for measurements of the components of the energy balance, as well as the monitoring of the development and growth phases of the crops in association with water balance for each type of use of the land. Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T01:09:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Temporalspatialcontrolofthedifferencebetweenprecipitation2019.pdf: 365223 bytes, checksum: 0fa24623021fb1bc04e941a65966ad5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The objective of this study was to estimate the breed, heterosis, and recombination effects on different components of the lactation curve of Girolando cattle. The dataset used consisted of 12,121 purebred cows of Holstein (H) and Gyr (G) breeds, and six H×G crossbred cows (Girolando). The model used presents random effects of herd and cow, regression coefficient associated with linear effect of proportion of H breed, regression coefficient associated with the linear effect of heterosis between H and G breeds, regression coefficient associated with the linear effect of recombination between H and G breeds, and random effect of residual. Dijkstra?s (DJ), Nelder's (ND), Wilmink's (WL), and Wood's (WD) models were tested to fit production records of these different genetic groups. These models were then tested according to evaluation criteria of quality of fit (AIC, BIC, and RMSE), and the two best models (WD and WL) were chosen for estimation of 305-day milk yield (MY305), peak yield, time to peak, and persistency of milk yield. The breed effect was significant for all traits and components of the lactation curve. The heterosis effect was significant for all traits, and was more significant for MY305 (945.62±79.17 kg). Peak yield was the component of lactation curve that presented the most significant heterosis effect, partially explaining the heterosis effect (12 to 21%) found for MY305. The recombination effect was positive only for lactation period and time to peak of lactation in Girolando cows. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-10T19:02:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Breed-heterosis.pdf: 400315 bytes, checksum: ae446e63b554054361c8ef882a6dd141 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021