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We are presenting a case of mechanical jaundice caused by a pancreatic head cancer in a 72-year-old patient. The clinical examination suspected this diagnosis based on the characteristics of jaundice and the Courvoisier-Terrier sign that was present in the clinical exam. Laboratory and imagistic exams confirm this suspicion. After a short preoperative preparation, a cephalic pancreatoduodenectomy was made using the Whipple procedure. The postoperative evolution was complicated by the appearance of a biliary fistula, which closed after the resuming of intestinal transit. The patient left the surgery department after 25 days of hospitalization. Technological advancement, adequate preoperative rebalancing and especially the emergence of surgical centers specialized in pancreatic resections, have reduced mortality after CPD below 5%. However, an unresolved issue is the long-term survival after CPD for pancreatic cancer (0 – 24%), which is considered by some authors disappointing.

Breast cancer is a common disease in women over the age of 50. The risk of breast cancer in women between the ages of 30 to 39 is 1 in 250 women, and in women between the ages of 40 to 49 is 1 in 70 women. Material and method: We analysed clinicopathological data of the breast cancer on a series of 32 cases that underwent surgery between 2020–2021 in General Surgery Department of ”Providenta” Hospital Iasi, Romania. This includes the mammary gland and the cellular-adipose tissue placed between the glandular lobes and lobules together with blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves. The study was conducted after the surgery on the parts resected through it, but we also used the explorations performed for diagnosis and stage evaluation such as breast ultrasound, mammography, staging CT. The patients ranged between 58 and 71 years old and came from rural areas. The anatomopathological examination confirmed the preoperative diagnosis, the patients being referred to oncology for evaluation followed by adjuvant treatment. Results: The postoperative evolution was favourable, and no immediate postoperative complications were reported. Aspiration drainage was removed on average after 3 days. The average length of hospital stay was 7 days. Discussions: The surgery was performed using the Madden technique and was a radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node removal. This technique offers a very good loco-regional clearance from the oncological point of view because it resects in block the mammary gland, the adipose tissue next to it, the skin on a wide surface as well as the neighbouring fascial system, also preserving the pectoral muscle. The axillary lymph-adenectomy is complete, with no risk of intraoperative dissemination. Conclusion: Radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node removal using the Madden technique, performed in the beginning stage is a modern, effective surgery, easily supported by patients who were informed from the beginning, with an average duration of two hours and reduced postoperative complications, {"references":["Clough K.B., Kaufman G.J., Nos C. et al. Improving breast cancer surgery: a classification and quadrant per quadrant atlas for oncoplastic surgery. Ann Surg Oncol, 2010; 17:1375-1391. DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0792-y. 2) Volovat C, Volovat S.R., Vulpoi C., Dascălu C.G., Cărăuşu E.M. Quality of life of women receiving adjuvant hormonal treatment for breast cancer– a randomized trial comparing tamoxifen with aromatase inhibitors. Jurnalul de Chirurgie, Iaşi, 2011; 7(2): 193-202, [ISSN: 1584–9341]. 3) Anastasiadi Z., Lianos G.D., Ignatiadou E., Harissis H.V., Mitsis M. Breast cancer in young women: an overview. Updates Surg, 2017; 69(3): 313-317. doi: 10.1007/s13304-017-0424-1. 4) Kolak A., Kamińska M., Sygit K., Budny A., Surdyka D., Kukiełka-Budny B., Burdan F. Primary, and secondary prevention of breast cancer. Ann Agric Environ Med, 2017; 24(4): 549-553. doi: 10.26444/aaem/75943. 5) Goldhirsch A., Wood W.C., Coates A.S., Gelber R.D., Thürlimann B., Senn H.J. Panel members. Strategies for subtypes– dealing with the diversity of breast cancer: highlights of the St. Gallen International Expert Consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2011. Ann Oncol, 2011, 22(8):1736–1747. https://doi.org/10.1093/ annonc/mdr304; PMID: 21709140 PMCID: PMC3144634. 6) Siegel R.L., Miller K.D., Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin, 2020; 70(1):7-30. doi: 10.3322/caac. 21590. 7) Odle T.G. Precision Medicine in Breast Cancer. Radiol Technol, 2017; 88(4): 401M-421M. PMID: 28298516. 8) Fahad Ullah M. Breast Cancer: Current Perspectives on the Disease Status. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2019; 1152:51-64. doi: The Value of Clinical Anatomy, Imaging, Breast Gland Surgery and Therapeutic Implications in Breast Cancer IJMRA, Volume 06 Issue 01 Janaury 2023 www.ijmra.in Page 465 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_4. 9) Partene Vicoleanu Simona Alice. Stromal inflammatory cell phenotypes in breast cancer. PhD thesis, \"Grigore T. Popa\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, prof. univ. dr. Carasevici Eugen, 2012. 10) Iancu G., Vasile D., Iancu R.C., Daviţoiu D.V. \"Triple positive\" breast cancer–a novel category? Rom J Morphol Embryol, 2017, 58(1):21–26; PMID: 28523293. 11) Perou C.M., Sørlie T., Eisen M.B., van de Rijn M., Jeffrey S.S., Rees C.A., Pollack J.R., Ross D.T., Johnsen H., Akslen L.A., Fluge O., Pergamenschikov A., Williams C., Zhu S.X., Lønning P.E., Børresen-Dale A.L., Brown P.O., Botstein D. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature, 2000, 406(6797): 747–752; https://doi.org/10.1038/35021093; PMID: 10963602. 12) 12.Eliyatkın N., Yalçın E., Zengel B., Aktaş S., Vardar E. Molecular classification of breast carcinoma: from traditional, oldfashioned way to a new age, and a new way. J Breast Health, 2015, 11(2):59–66. https://doi.org/10.5152/ tjbh.2015.1669; PMID: 28331693; PMCID: PMC5351488. 13) Volovat S., Apostol D., Volovat C., Cărăuşu M. Quality of Life of Women with Breast Cancer Treated in Adjuvant Setting with Tamoxifen or Aromatase Inhibitors. European Journal of Cancer, 2011; 47(Suppl. 1): S379. DOI: 10.1016/S0959- 8049(11)71605-7. 14) Edge S.B., Sheldon D.G. Counterpoint: sentinel lymph node biopsy is not indicated for ductal carcinoma in situ. J Natl Compr Netw, 2003; 1:207-212. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2003.0019. 15) Silverstein M.J., Lagios M.D., Groshen S. et al. The influence of margin width on local control of ductal carcinoma in situ of breast. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:1455-1461. 16) Hashmi A.A., Aijaz S., Mahboob R., Khan S.M., Irfan M., Iftikhar N., Nisar M., Siddiqui M., Edhi M.M., Faridi N., Khan A. Clinicopathologic features of invasive metaplastic and micropapillary breast carcinoma: comparison with invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. BMC Res Notes, 2018, 11(1):531. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3623-z PMID: 30064485 PMCID: PMC 6069771. 17) Chen A.C., Paulino A.C., Schwartz M.R., Rodriguez A.A., Bass B.L., Chang J.C., Teh B.S. Population-based comparison of prognostic factors in invasive micropapillary and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Br J Cancer, 2014, 111(3): 619– 622. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.301; PMID: 24921921; PMCID: PMC 4119976. 18) Baucom D.H., Porter L.S., Kirby S.J. et al. Psychosocial issues confronting women with breast cancer. Breast Dis 2005; 23:103-113. doi: 10.3233/bd-2006-23114. 19) Arrigada R., Le W.G., Rochard F., Contesso G. Conservative treatment versus mastectomy in early breast cancer: patterns of failure with 15 years of follow-up data. Institute Gustave Roussy, Brest Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol, 1996; 14(5):1558- 1564. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1996.14.5.1558. 20) Litière S., Werutsky G., Fentiman I.S., Rutgers E., Christiaens M.R., Van Limbergen E., Baaijens M.H., Bogaerts J., Bartelink H. Breast conserving therapy versus mastectomy for stage I-II breast cancer: 20 years of follow-up of the EORTC 10801 phase 3 randomised trial. Lancet Oncol, 2012; 13: 412-419. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)700 42-6. 21) Cărăuşu M., Bidard F.C., Callens C., Melaabi S., Jeannot E., Pierga J.Y., Cabel L. ESR1 mutations: a new biomarker in breast cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2019; 19(7):599-611. doi: 10.1080/ 14737159.2019.1631799; PMID:31188645. There is an Open Access article, distributed"]}

Hungary is in many respects a diligent student of transition, one that has successfully gathered the spoils of transition in spite of initial drawbacks. The article argues that Hungary had a facilitated entry into the wormhole of transition because of pre-democratic initiatives to implement competitive fiscal measures—mainly in the years prior to the fall of the Iron Curtain. However, the gradual transition reached an end by 1995 due to debt accumulations that triggered an internal market reformation. The article further suggests that, in the process, the impact of the FDI has been bittersweet during the transition; on the one hand, foreign capital infusions balanced the state budget, corrected the deficit and transferred know-how. On the other hand, the FDI-based transition produced fragmentation and high dependency of the national economy on unstable foreign capital, rendering a component of unsustainability to the Hungarian economy and the risk of entry into a low added-value chain profile.

सुरक्षित, स्वतन्त्र एवम् सम्मानपूर्वक जीवनयापन मानिसको नैसर्गिक अधिकार हो । मानवीय हित एवम् कल्याण गर्नु सरकारको दायित्व हो ।मुलुकको स्वतन्त्रता, सार्वभौमसत्ता, भौगोलिक अखण्डता, राष्ट्रियता, स्वाधीनता, स्वाभिमान, नागरिकको हकहितको रक्षा, सीमानाको सुरक्षा, आर्थिक समृद्धि र समुन्नति एवम् राष्ट्रिय चाहनाको संरक्षण आर्थिक, राजनैतिक, कूटनैतिक तथा शक्ति प्रक्षेपणका माध्यमबाट गरिने व्यवस्थापकीय क्रियाकलाप नै राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षा व्यवस्थापन हो । परम्परागत अवधारणामा राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षालार्इ एक राष्ट्रले अर्को राष्ट्रमाथि गरिने आक्रमण वा अतिक्रमणको विरुद्धमा लिइने रक्षा नीतिलाई मात्र बुझिन्थ्यो। अहिले मानवीय सुरक्षा, खाद्य सुरक्षा, सामाजिक सुरक्षा, वातावरणीय सुरक्षा आदिलाई मानवोचित व्यवहारका पक्षहरूबाट हेर्ने गरिन्छ । विज्ञान र प्रविधिको विकाससँगै राष्ट्रले अपनाउने सुरक्षाका विविध विषयहरू जस्तैःराजनैतिक, आर्थिक, सामाजिक, कुटनैतिक, सूचना र पर्यावरण आदि समेत यसमा समावेश हुन आउँछन्। आजको सन्दर्भमा विश्वको प्रमुख सुरक्षा चुनौतीको रूपमा पर्यावरणीय सङ्कट, आणविक युद्ध प्रसार,राजनैतिक बहिष्करणएवम् प्रविधिले निम्त्याउने सङ्‍कट मानवीय अस्तित्वको विनाशका कारणका रूपमा रहेका छन् भने उन्नत प्रविधिका कारण पनि जोखिम बढ्दो छ, उक्त जोखिम व्यवस्थापन गर्न शक्तिशाली सङ्‍गठन, उत्तम राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षा नीति, कुशल नेतृत्व, प्रविधिको प्रयोग, साइबर सुरक्षा नीतिको निर्माण र कार्यान्वयन गर्न आवश्यक छ । यसका लागि सरकारको इच्छाशक्ति, कर्मचारीतन्त्रको साथ, सचेत नागरिकहरूको सक्रिय सहभागिता एवम् खबरदारी आवश्यक देखिन्छ । {Living a safe, free and dignified life is a natural human right. It is the responsibility of the government to safeguard the humanitarian interests and welfare of the country. That is national security management. The traditional concept of national security was defined as a defense policy taken by one nation against an attack or encroachment on another. At present, human security, food security, social security, environmental security, etc. are viewed from the perspective of humane behavior. Along with the development of science and technology, various security issues adopted by the nation such as political, economic, social, diplomatic, information and environment are also included. The traditional concept of national security was defined as a defense policy taken by one nation against an attack or encroachment on another. At present, human security, food security, social security, environmental security, etc. are viewed from the perspective of humane behavior. Along with the development of science and technology, various security issues adopted by the nation such as political, economic, social, diplomatic, information and environment are also included.}

Wastewater surveillance (WS), when coupled with advanced molecular techniques, offers near real-time monitoring of community-wide transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and allows assessing and mitigating COVID-19 outbreaks, by evaluating the total microbial assemblage in a community. Composite wastewater samples (24 h) were collected weekly from a manhole between December 2020 and November 2021 in Maryland, USA. RT-qPCR results showed concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA recovered from wastewater samples reflected incidence of COVID-19 cases. When a drastic increase in COVID-19 was detected in February 2021, samples were selected for microbiome analysis (DNA metagenomics, RNA metatranscriptomics, and targeted SARS-CoV-2 sequencing). Targeted SARS-CoV-2 sequencing allowed for detection of important genetic mutations, such as spike: K417N, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, and D1118H, commonly associated with increased cell entry and reinfection. Microbiome analysis (DNA and RNA) provided important insight with respect to human health-related factors, including detection of pathogens and their virulence/antibiotic resistance genes. Specific microbial species comprising the wastewater microbiome correlated with incidence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, suggesting potential association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Climatic conditions, namely, temperature, were related to incidence of COVID-19 and detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, having been monitored as part of an environmental risk score assessment carried out in this study. In summary, the wastewater microbiome provides useful public health information, and hence, a valuable tool to proactively detect and characterize pathogenic agents circulating in a community. In effect, metagenomics of wastewater can serve as an early warning system for communicable diseases, by providing a larger source of information for health departments and public officials.

Introduction LIKERT 4 and 5 lesions picked up on MRI prostate have a high chance of picking up high grade high volume prostate cancer so they under biopsy. It is quite challenging to decide whether to biopsy pure LIKERT 3 lesions. In our retrospective review of 500 prostate MRI scan we looked for correlation between pure LIKERT 3 lesions and the risk of finding prostate cancer after biopsy. Materials and Methods Pre-biopsy Multi parametric MRI prostate was done in 500 cases and reported by two consultant radiologists. 157 mp Prostate MRIs showed one or more pure LIKERT 3 lesions . All 157 cases underwent targeted and saturation biopsies. 91 biopsies (57.96%) out of 157 were benign. 66 biopsies (42%) out of 157 showed prostate cancer. Gleeson score is shown in the table below Conclusion 157 cases with pure LIKERT 3 lesions on MRI prostate 58% were benign. 42% who had positive biopsies low and intermediate risk i.e. Gleeson 6 or 7 (95.4%) prostate cancer was found. High grade prostate cancer i.e. Gleeson 8 and 9 was seen in 3%. Patients with pure LIKERT 3 lesion on mp MRI prostate should be counselled about the risks of finding prostate cancer, likely grade to help them make an informed decision about PSA monitoring only or undergo prostate biopsies.

Invasive forms of aspergillosis of the nervous system are relatively rare and are usually diagnosed in immunocompromised patients. We present the case of a young female patient, treated in the last two months with corticosteroids and antifungal drug for pulmonary aspergillosis, who developed progressive paraparesis. An intramedullary abscess at the C7–D1 level was identified and the lesion was treated with a combination of surgery and antifungal therapy. Histopathologic findings of surgical specimens showed myelomalacia with Aspergillus hyphae and a peripheral rim of neutrophils. We consider that the use of multiple drugs and corticosteroids for our patient’s initial community pneumonia could be the factor that transformed her into a mildly immunocompromised individual and permitted the Aspergillus spp. to disseminate through the blood and into the spinal cord. Moreover, we highlight the fact that more attention should be paid to living and working conditions of the patients, as a simple colonization of the lung with Aspergillus spp. could develop, in a short time, into an invasive disease with a high risk of mortality.

In this work, amine-functionalized ZIF8 (i.e., ZIF8-A) was dispersed in n-heptanol (ZIF8-A/n-heptanol) to remove SO2. The effects of ZIF8-A proportion, SO2 concentration, and absorption and desorpt...

This study is addressing topics related to sustainable consumption and aims to identify and rank the decisional factors involved in the process of purchasing local eco-friendly agri-food products and to analyse to what extent the incidence of eco-friendly agri-food consumption is influenced by five factors: income, age, gender, education, living area. Thus, the paper presents the results of a market research regarding the consumer behaviour of agri-food and the willingness of adopting a more sustainable diet, in one of the developing regions of the European Union: the North-East Region of Romania, Ia.i County. Our substantive findings indicate that personal benefits (taste, perceived health benefits and freshness) are the main motivations driving sustainable consumption, while environmental conditions did not reach such a great significance. The results show that, in general, people are not well informed about the environmental implications of their diet. Their environmental attitudes are not aligned with their actual purchase practices: although the majority of people declare they are preoccupied with environmental protection, the driving motivations of agri-food purchase do not necessarily imply environmental concern factors, such as transportation, reusable/recyclable package or the wish to protect the environment. The study shows that women are more willing than men to change their consumption behaviour of agri-food products in order to contribute to a sustainable environment. Also, elderly people are more determined to purchase agrifood produced in an environmentally sustainable manner. Findings from this research lead to understanding the multiple factors that consumers consider in making purchase decisions of environmentally sustainable agri-food. Educational campaigns should be implemented in order to grow awareness about how our diet and food choices can address climate change.

Life science is often focused on the microscopic level. Single-molecule technology has been used to observe components at the micro- or nanoscale. Single-molecule imaging provides unprecedented information about the behavior of individual molecules in contrast to the information from ensemble methods that average the information of many molecules in various states. A typical feature of living systems is motion. The lack of synchronicity of motion biomachines in living systems makes it challenging to image the motion process with high resolution. Thus, single-molecule technology is especially useful for real-time study on motion mechanism of biomachines, such as viral DNA packaging motor, or other ATPases. The most common optical instrumentations in single-molecule studies are optical tweezers and single molecule total internal refection fluorescence microscopy (smTIRF). Optical tweezers are the force-based technique. The analysis of RNA using optical tweezer has led to the discovery of the rubbery or amoeba property of RNA nanoparticles for compelling vessel extravasation to enhance tumor targeting and fast renal excretion. The rubbery property of RNA lends mechanistic evidence for RNAs use as an ideal reagent in cancer treatment with undetectable toxicity. Single molecule photobleaching allows for the direct counting of biomolecules. This technique was invented for single molecule counting of RNA in the phi29 DNA packaging motor to resolve the debate between five and six copies of RNA in the motor. The technology has subsequently extended to counting components in biological machines composed of protein, DNA, and other macromolecules. In combination with statistical analysis, it reveals biomolecular mechanisms in detail and leads to the development of ultra-sensitive sensors in diagnosis and forensics. This review focuses on the applications of optical tweezers and fluorescence-based techniques as single-molecule technologies to resolve mechanistic questions related to RNA and DNA nanostructures.

Background: The influence of the early COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 emergencies is uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic on the presentation, management, and prognosis of patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases from January to August 2020. A meta-analysis of studies comparing the profile, STEMI severity at presentation, reperfusion delay, and in-hospital mortality for patients presenting before and during the early COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Fifteen cross-sectional observational studies including 20,528 STEMI patients from the pre-COVID period and 2190 patients diagnosed and treated during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic met the inclusion criteria. Results: Patients presenting with STEMI during the pandemic were younger and had a higher comorbidity burden. The time interval between symptoms and first medical contact increased from 93.22 ± 137.37 min to 142 ± 281.60 min (p < 0.001). Door-to-balloon time did not differ significantly between the two periods (p = 0.293). The pooled odds ratio (OR) for low left ventricular ejection fraction at presentation during the pandemic was 2.24 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54–3.26) and for a presentation delay >24 h was 2.9 (95% CI 1.54–5.45) relative to before the pandemic. In-hospital mortality did not increase significantly during the outbreak (p = 0.97). Conclusion: During the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients presenting with STEMI were addressed later in the course of the disease with more severe left ventricular impairment. In-hospital emergency circuits and care functioned properly with no increase in door-to-balloon time and early mortality.

Fitness centers are considered high risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission due to their high human occupancy and the type of activity taking place in them, especially when individuals pre-symptomatic or asymptomatic for COVID-19 exercise in the facilities. In this study, air (N = 21) and surface (N = 8) samples were collected at a fitness center through five sampling events from August to November 2020 after the reopening restrictions were lifted in Florida. The total attendance was ~2500 patrons during our environmental sampling work. Air samples were collected using stationary and personal bioaerosol samplers. Moistened flocked nylon swabs were used to collect samples from high-touch surfaces. We did not detect SARS-CoV-2 by rRT-PCR analyses in any air or surface sample. A simplified infection risk model based on the Wells-Riley equation predicts that the probability of infection in this fitness center was 1.77% following its ventilation system upgrades based on CDC guidelines, and that risk was further reduced to 0.89% when patrons used face masks. Our model also predicts that a combination of high ventilation, minimal air recirculation, air filtration, and UV sterilization of recirculated air reduced the infection risk up to 94% compared to poorly ventilated facilities. Amongst these measures, high ventilation with outdoor air is most critical in reducing the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. For buildings that cannot avoid air recirculation due to energy costs, the use of high filtration and/or air disinfection devices are alternatives to reducing the probability of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 through inhalation exposure. In contrast to the perceived ranking of high risk, the infection risk in fitness centers that follow CDC reopening guidance, including implementation of engineering and administrative controls, and use of personal protective equipment, can be low, and these facilities can offer a relatively safe venue for patrons to exercise.

Phase-matching-free SHG is observed from a monolayer WSe2 placed in a Yb3+ doped picosecond fiber oscillator. The mode-locking and laser output of the fiber oscillator are unaffected. This enables applications in self-referencing f-2f frequency combs.

University library administrators in Sri Lanka, realising the necessity of complying with customer perception of high-quality service, have begun to search for alternative ways to satisfy their clientele on the basis of service quality. This study therefore aims to meet this need by developing a model to assess the extent to which service quality indicators may be used to predict customer satisfaction, from a service quality perspective. The research methods were “mixed methods of research,” which involved a combination of positivist and phenomenological inquiries that led to the use of qualitative and quantitative approaches in line with the purpose of the study, which was exploratory in nature and searched for causality. The model based on the performance-only paradigm and the linearity assumption between the constructs was found to be the best parsimony model that provided for enhanced predictive performance, calibration, and potential insight into attributes and domain relevance.

This chapter explores what Human Rights Literacy (HRL) involves and how it establishes and develops improved rights of the citizens supportive to social justice in the society. People with different cultural backgrounds have the fundamental right to be literate members of society. However, due to various cultural influences, this right is somewhat restricted to certain individuals. For example, girls' education has become controversial in some lands. There are still instances in some cultures where people of all walks of life, such as LGBTI, Blacks, Indigenous people, migrants, etc., are helpless in the face of their rights. Thus, legal literacy and its unique component of human rights literacy are essential to ensure the protection of human rights. A theoretical framework is eventually drawn up by summarising the findings of the study.

This paper attempts to demonstrate the dissonance between the highlighted themes placing people at the epicenter and yet excluding the general public and their actual security needs, examines national security from a consumer’s perspective. To underscore a dissonance in the discourse on national security, the writer explores the paradigm of national security policy. Then, it illustrates the discord between the public security needs in their everyday life and the outlined threats in the national security documents. To validate the above argument, the paper offers a new avenue on the overlooked consumer identity of human beings and demonstrates the probability and impact of threats to national security by means of the qualitative data analysis.

Alternaria blight in mustard cause heavy damage to the foliar parts resulting into poor growth and development of plants and thereby reduces seed yield. Inorder to manage Alternaria infestation in mustard seed for yield maximization, an experiment was conducted in the plant protection laboratory in Nepal Polytechnic Institute, Bharatpur, Chitwan in 2018, using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replicates. Five treatments i.e.Uthane M-45 (2g/kg), Neem powder (3 g/kg), Bojho powder (4g/kg), Trichoderma harzianum, (107 Conidia/mL) and control (without treatment) were used for seed treatment of local variety of Mustard. Four hundred seeds for each treatment (25 seeds in each petriplate) were plated using triple layers of moistened blotter paper in petriplate and incubated at (27±20C) for 2 days and followed deep freezing for 24 hrs. Data of disease incidence and seed germination were recorded in 3, 7 and 10 days after incubation (DAI). Seedling vigor and seedling weight were also recorded at 5 DAI. The percentage of Alternaria spp incidence on seeds at different DAI showed highly significant with respect to different treatments. Application of Uthane M-45 and T. harzianum significantly reduced the seed-borne infection of Alternaria spp. as compared to control. At 3 DAI Uthane M-45 completely checked the pathogen however, only 4% and 5% disease incidence was observed in 7 DAI and 10 DAI respectively. Bio control agent Trichoderma harzianum was found next best alternative after Uthane M-45 to control disease. Plant extract Bojho powder and Neem powder were found better than control to check the disease. Furthermore, highest germination (76%) was observed in Trichoderma treatment whereas, lowest germination was found in control.

Objective: To describe the proportion of women presenting with undiagnosed anaemia at confinement and to explore associations between anaemia and socio economic factors, dietary pattern and compare maternal and neonatal outcome among term mothers with anaemia compared to non-anaemic pregnant women at a tertiary care centre in Sri Lanka. Method: A comparative cross-sectional study was performed by recruiting anaemic and non-anaemic term mothers who delivered at the Teaching Hospital Peradeniya during the period March 2018-March 2019. Pregnant mothers whose haemoglobin level was less than 10.5 g/dl were considered as anaemic and compared with the mothers whose haemoglobin level was above this level. With written consent, demographic data, etiological factors, maternal and neonatal outcomes of term mothers were evaluated by an interview and blood samples were withdrawn to carry out anaemia related investigations. Results: Among 2854 pregnancies, a total of 234 (8.19%) term pregnant mothers were anaemic and they were and compared with 199 non-anaemic mothers. Out of the anaemic mothers (Hb < 105 g/l), 133 (56.76%) had moderate anaemia, 100 (42.79%) had mild anaemia and 1 mother (0.45%) had severe anaemia. Low monthly family income was significantly associated with the incidence of anaemia. Anaemia was also associated with low weekly consumption of red meat (OR 8.994; 95% CI, 5.74 - 14.09, p < 0.05) and high weekly tea intake (OR 0.217; 95% CI 0.144 - 0.327, p < 0.05). Among anaemic mothers, 215 (67.44%) had low serum ferritin (

In recent years, cadmium (Cd) pollution in soil has increased with increasing industrial activities, which has restricted crop growth and agricultural development. The heavy metal ATPase (HMA) gene family contributes to heavy metal stress resistance in plants. In this study, 21 HMA genes (HvHMAs) were identified in barley (Hordeum vulgare L., Hv) using bioinformatics methods. Based on phylogenetic analysis and domain distribution, barley HMA genes were divided into five groups (A–E), and complete analyses were performed in terms of physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, conserved domains, and chromosome localization. The expression pattern analysis showed that most HvHMA genes were expressed in barley and exhibited tissue specificity. According to the fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments values in shoots from seedlings at the 10 cm shoot stage (LEA) and phylogenetic analysis, five HvHMA genes were selected for expression analysis under Cd stress. Among the five HvHMA genes, three (HvHMA1, HvHMA3, and HvHMA4) were upregulated and two (HvHMA2 and HvHMA6) were downregulated following Cd treatments. This study serves as a foundation for clarifying the functions of HvHMA proteins in the heavy metal stress resistance of barley.

Celiac disease (CD) comprises over 1% of the world’s population and is a chronic multisystem immune-mediated condition manifested by digestive and/or extradigestive symptoms caused by food intake of gluten. This review looked at the risk of children diagnosed with CD developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible severe forms of COVID-19. A better understanding of the interaction and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CD is very important, as is the role of environmental and genetic factors, but especially the molecular mechanisms involved in modulating intestinal permeability with impact on autoimmunity. CD inspired the testing of a zonulin antagonist for the fulminant form of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and paved the way for the discovery of new molecules to regulate the small intestine barrier function and immune responses. Original published works on COVID-19 and CD, new data and points of view have been analyzed because this dangerous virus SARS-CoV-2 is still here and yet influencing our lives. Medical science continues to focus on all uncertainties triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection and its consequences, including in CD. Although the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be gradually extinguishing, there is a wealth of information and knowledge gained over the last two years and important life lessons to analyze, as well as relevant conclusions to be drawn to deal with future pandemics. Zonulin is being studied extensively in immunoengineering as an adjuvant to improving the absorption of new drugs and oral vaccines.

Mechanical anisotropy is an essential property for biomolecules to assume structural and functional roles in mechanobiology. However, there is insufficient information on the mechanical anisotropy of ligand-biomokcule complexes. Herein, we investigated the mechanical property of individual human telomeric G-quadruplexes bound with a telomestatin ligand by optical tweezers. Stacking of the ligand to the G-tetradplanes changes the conformation of the G-quadruplex, which resembles a balloon squeezed at certain directions. Such a squeezed balloon effect strengthens the G-tetrad planes whereas dislocates and weakens the loops in the G-quadruplex upon ligand binding. These dynamic interactions indicate that the binding between the ligand and G-quadruplex follows the induced-fit model. We anticipate that the altered mechanical anisotropy of the ligand-G-quadruplex complex can add additional level of regulations on the motor enzymes that process DNA or RNA molecules.

The paper proposes the development of a weather station made up from a Raspberry Pi 3 and the Sense Hat shield. The shield used in this application has sensors for temperature, humidity and pressure. The weather station can connect to the internet wirelessly or with a standard UTP (Unshielded twisted pair) connection, this connection gives us the ability to take part in a scientific community for the sole purpose to monitor the weather all around the world. The program for the weather station is made in Python, the program language is easy to used and very versatile.

Fecal incontinence is a health problem that leads to serious quality of life disturbances in the elderly, much greater than the ones generated by micturition disturbances. When physical therapy, habit changes and medication fail to control the disease, electrical stimulation of the sacral nerves at the level of the third sacral foramen represents a solution for eligible patients. Our research done on 29 patients, operated by the first author at Klinikum Bielefeld, Germany, revealed statistically significant improvements, slightly superior to the ones in the literature. As many as 82.75% of the patients experienced more than 70% reduction in the number of weekly incontinence episodes, correlated with a robust increase in the quality of life and level of daily physical activity. The aim of the present paper is to present our results after the intervention, and at 1-year follow-up, and to describe the surgical technique, hoping for an increased awareness and adoption in Romania.

The post-synthesis modification is a highly efficient method for the modification of Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials, which has been used to synthesize MOF materials purposefully that cannot be prepared by direct synthesis and impregnation method. In this work, amino modified ZIF8 with 5-aminotetrazole was prepared by the post synthesis modification method and was employed to reversibly remove SO2 from flue gas. Based on the characterization and analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Brunner Emmet Teller (BET), it was found that the functionalized ZIF8 (Zn(5-ATZ)1.5) was a microporous material with a two-dimensional nano-layered structure. According to the SO2 adsorption experiments, the adsorption capacity of SO2 at the concentration of 1.6% vol can reach to 122 mg/g under the optimal conditions (25 °C, 2865 h−1). Five successive adsorption-desorption experiments exhibited that Zn(5-ATZ)1.5 had excellent regeneration performance. The characterization results of Raman Spectra (Raman) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as the DFT simulation calculations revealed that SO2 mainly interacted with Zn(5-ATZ)1.5 by hydrogen bonds between O of SO2 and amino H in the Zn(5-ATZ)1.5, and the interaction of SO2 with amino N and 5-aminotetrazole N by forming a non-covalent charge transfer complex. This work suggested that Zn(5-ATZ)1.5 is an excellent potential sorbent for SO2 removal.

Since mask use and physical distancing are difficult to maintain when people dine indoors, restaurants are perceived as high risk for acquiring COVID-19. The air and selected environmental surfaces in two restaurants in a mid-scale city located in north central Florida that followed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reopening guidance were sampled three times from July 2020 to February 2021. Sixteen air samples were collected for 2 hours using air samplers, and 20 surface samples by using moistened swabs. The samples were analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA. A total of ~550 patrons dined in the restaurants during our samplings. SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA was not detected in any of the air samples. One of the 20 surface samples (5%) was positive. That sample had been collected from a plastic tablecloth immediately after guests left the restaurant. Virus was not isolated in cell cultures inoculated with aliquots of the RT-PCR-positive sample. The likelihood that patrons and staff acquire SARS-CoV-2 infections may be low in restaurants in a mid-scale city that adopt CDC restaurant reopening guidelines, such as operation at 50% capacity so that tables can be spaced at least 6 feet apart, establishment of adequate mechanical ventilation, use of a face covering except while eating or drinking, and implementation of disinfection measures.

Rubber is a fascinating material in both industry and daily life. The development of elastomeric material in nanotechnology is imperative due to its economic and technological potential. By virtue of their distinctive physicochemical properties, nucleic acids have been extensively explored in material science. The Phi29 DNA packaging motor contains a 3WJ with three angles of 97°, 125°, and 138°. Here, the rubber-like property of RNA architectures was investigated using optical tweezers and in vivo imaging technologies. The 3WJ 97° interior angle was contracted or stretched to 60°, 90°, and 108° at will to build elegant RNA triangles, squares, pentagons, cubes, tetrahedrons, dendrimers, and prisms. RNA nanoarchitecture was stretchable and shrinkable by optical tweezer with multiple extension and relaxation repeats like a rubber. Comparing to gold and iron nanoparticles with the same size, RNA nanoparticles display stronger cancer-targeting outcomes, while less accumulation in healthy organs. Generally, the upper limit of renal excretion is 5.5 nm; however, the 5, 10, and 20 nm RNA nanoparticles passed the renal filtration and resumed their original structure identified in urine. These findings solve two previous mysteries: (1) Why RNA nanoparticles have an unusually high tumor targeting efficiency since their rubber or amoeba-like deformation property enables them to squeeze out of the leaky vasculature to improve the EPR effect; and (2) why RNA nanoparticles remain non-toxic since they can be rapidly cleared from the body via renal excretion into urine with little accumulation in the body. Considering its controllable shape and size plus its rubber-like property, RNA holds great promises for industrial and biomedical applications especially in cancer therapeutics delivery.

Vitex negundo (VN) is a widely used plant in folk medicine, namely for the treatment of jaundice, wounds, body ache, toothache, asthma, eye pain, and migraine. These effects have been increasingly attributed to its chemical composition. Here, we assessed the VN chemical and nutritional composition and biological activity, with particular emphasis on antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. VN methanol and hexane extracts revealed the presence of important phytochemical, such as terpenoids, polyphenol, steroids, saponins, phenolic compound and flavonoids. Total phenolic content of VN methanol extract from bark was 1082.473 mg/g GAE and that of leaves was 1382.984 mg/g GAE. The total flavonoids content in VN methanol extract from VN bark was 127.744 mg/g QE and that of leaves was 123.776 mg/g QE. VN methanol extract from bark exhibited high antioxidant effects (IC50=38.47 ppm). The content (%) of ash, moisture, crude fiber, crude protein and fat in VN leaves was, respectively, 7.86%, 18.35%, 6.52%, 9.687% and 6.19%. VN leaves methanol extract revealed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition halos being, respectively, 13 mm and 14 mm, and the MBC values were found to be 1.562 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively. Similarly, VN bark methanol extract led to inhibition halos of 18 mm and 15 mm for B. subtilis and S. aureus, respectively, and the MBC values were found to be 2.372 mg/mL and 0.245 mg/mL. GC-MS analysis of the VN bark methanol extract revealed that monoolein was the major compounds, with an area of 0.57%. Thus, our results encourage the potential use of VN as a medicinal product, with high protein contents, and prominent antioxidant and anti-bacterial effects.

In recent years, cadmium (Cd) pollution in soil has increased with increasing industrial activities, which has restricted crop growth and agricultural development. The heavy metal ATPase (HMA) gene family contributes to heavy metal stress resistance in plants. In this study, 21 HMA genes (HvHMAs) were identified in barley (Hordeumvulgare L., Hv) using bioinformatics methods. Based on phylogenetic analysis and domain distribution, barley HMA genes were divided into five groups (A–E), and complete analyses were performed in terms of physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, conserved domains, and chromosome localization. The expression pattern analysis showed that most HvHMA genes were expressed in barley and exhibited tissue specificity. According to the fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments values in shoots from seedlings at the 10 cm shoot stage (LEA) and phylogenetic analysis, five HvHMA genes were selected for expression analysis under Cd stress. Among the five HvHMA genes, three (HvHMA1, HvHMA3, and HvHMA4) were upregulated and two (HvHMA2 and HvHMA6) were downregulated following Cd treatments. This study serves as a foundation for clarifying the functions of HvHMA proteins in the heavy metal stress resistance of barley.

This study investigates how the Theory of Motivated Information Management influences adolescents' sexual information-seeking behaviour and their satisfaction with the information they find. A cross-sectional investigation that purposively selected and surveyed 128 adolescents in the Matara District of Sri Lanka using a semi-structured questionnaire was designed. The variables such as high-risk sexual behaviour, having a partner or not, sexual curiosity, computer self-rated proficiency, sex of the adolescents, self-rated English proficiency, Uncertainty Discrepancy anxiety and self-efficacy were used to inquire about the contributing effects on adolescents' sexual health information seeking behaviour. The findings reveal that the most important sexual health information for adolescents is the information related to “high-risk sexual behaviour” and “sexual curiosity”. Boys are more likely to engage with sexual health information in a positive way than girls. The results further validate the TMIM framework. The orientation of associations between model variables has been consistent with past studies, particularly the negative relationship between anxiety and efficacy. Adolescents expressed difficulties in obtaining health information, including difficulty determining the quality of information and the lack of appropriate health information, highlighting the need for effective measures in this area. To overcome these barriers, the Ministries of Health and Education, the National Library, the Academic Library System and particularly medical/health libraries in universities, and the National Youth Services Council should plan easily accessible, outcome measurable, and appropriate opportunities and training through their official centres and institutions.

Advertising helps to establish a set of assumptions that the consumer will bring to all other aspects of their engagement with a given brand. Advertising provides tangible evidence of the financial credibility and competitive presence of an organization. Persuasion is becoming more important in advertising. In marketing, persuasive advertising acts to establish wants/motivations and beliefs/attitudes by helping to formulate a conception of the brand as being one which people like those in the target audience would or should prefer. Considering the changes in lifestyle and eating habits of a significant part of the population in urban areas in Romania, the paper aims to analyse how brands manage to differentiate themselves from competitors, to reposition themselves on the market and influence consumers, meeting their increasingly varied needs. Food brands on the Romanian market are trying, lately, to identify new methods of differentiation and new benefits for their buyers. Given that more and more consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about what they eat and the products’ health effects, brands struggle to highlight the fact that their products offer real benefits for the body. The advertisements have become more diversified and underline the positive effects, from the health and well - being point of view, that those foods offer (no additives and preservatives, use of natural ingredients, various vitamins and minerals or the fact that they are dietary). Advertising messages’ diversification is obvious on the Romanian market, in the context of an increasing concern of the population for the growing level of information of some major consumer segments.

The paper investigates the main changes that have taken place in the Romanian fruits and vegetables supply chain over the past twenty years. Its sustainability is assessed using time-series data from different official and private data-bases applying statistic research methods. Results showed that the Romanian supply chain is dominated in terms of both inputs used and offer, by imports originating from different EU countries. The local subsistence and semi-subsistence farms cannot provide enough qualitative and quantitative products such as to penetrate the supermarkets, the main players from the market. Agritourism, a potential niche market, was investigated using sampling techniques. The guesthouses from one of the most important ecotourism destinations where assessed by face-to-face interviews. Results showed that even such short-marketing chains are unsustainable tools for the fresh fruits and vegetables products sectors. The lack of governance for the local producers does not allow them to enter on such niche market. All this findings can provide important incentives for better future targeted sectorial agricultural policies.

Objective To develop a real-time monitoring system that has the potential to guide the titration of anesthetic agents in the treatment of pediatric status epilepticus (SE). Methods We analyzed stored multichannel electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected from 12 pediatric patients with generalized SE. EEG recordings were initially segmented in 500 ms time-windows. Features characterizing the power, frequency, and entropy of the signal were extracted from each segment. The segments were annotated as bursts (B), suppressions (S), or artifacts (A) by two electroencephalographers. The EEG features together with the annotations were inputted in a three-layer feed forward neural network (NN). The sensitivity and specificity of NNs with different architectures and training algorithms to classify segments into B, S, or A were estimated. Results The maximum sensitivity (95.96% for B, 89.25% for S, and 75% for A) and specificity (89.36 for B, 96.26% for S, and 99.8% for A) was observed for the NN with 10 nodes in the hidden layer. By using this NN, we designed a real-time system that estimates the burst-suppression index (BSI). Conclusions Our system provides a reliable real-time estimate of multichannel BSI requiring minimal memory and computation time. Significance The system has the potential to assist intensive care unit attendants in the continuous EEG monitoring.

G-Quadruplex and i-motif are tetraplex structures that may form in opposite strands at the same location of a duplex DNA. Recent discoveries have indicated that the two tetraplex structures can have conflicting biological activities, which poses a challenge for cells to coordinate. Here, by performing innovative population analysis on mechanical unfolding profiles of tetraplex structures in double-stranded DNA, we found that formations of G-quadruplex and i-motif in the two complementary strands are mutually exclusive in a variety of DNA templates, which include human telomere and promoter fragments of hINS and hTERT genes. To explain this behavior, we placed G-quadruplex- and i-motif-hosting sequences in an offset fashion in the two complementary telomeric DNA strands. We found simultaneous formation of the G-quadruplex and i-motif in opposite strands, suggesting that mutual exclusivity between the two tetraplexes is controlled by steric hindrance. This conclusion was corroborated in the BCL-2 promoter sequence, in which simultaneous formation of two tetraplexes was observed due to possible offset arrangements between G-quadruplex and i-motif in opposite strands. The mutual exclusivity revealed here sets a molecular basis for cells to efficiently coordinate opposite biological activities of G-quadruplex and i-motif at the same dsDNA location.

The purpose of the performed and presented financial analyzes, in the case of the two units, does not allow major discrepancies between the estimated and achieved situation. The authors have based the research on the technical-economic and financial analysis of investments, which sets economic efficiency and investments viability and assumes forecast of revenue, expenses, profit and loss account, balance sheet and cash flow: a) static analysis of indicators; b) dynamic analysis of indicators, c) cost-benefit analysis. Analysis of economic efficiency and sustainability of investments aimes at both static indicators of investment analysis and dynamic analysis of economic efficiency. The goal of research was to improve analyzes and economic indicators for assessing the effectiveness and sustainability of investments and the objectives targeted technical and economic analysis, solvency and viability of investments and the impact of the investment on key indicators of economic and financial technical analysis. Case studies, carried out at S.C. NORD INTERMED CONSULTING GROUP S.R.L. Dorneşti, Suceava county and S.C. ANDIMIR TOP S.R.L. Mihălăşeni, Botoşani county, led to a series of measures to improve the financial analysis of economic efficiency and sustainability of investments.

The Romanian fruit market has a high growth potential but, to a great degree, after 1989 it has registered a reverse phenomenon. The fruit estate, consisting of orchards and nurseries, totaled in the 80s around 290.000 ha, representing 2% of the agricultural area of the country. Nowadays, the fruit heritage is a lot diminished. In 2010, Romania had 196,000 hectares of orchards, these surfaces decreasing by 2016 when they totaled 138,000 hectares, representing 1% of the agricultural area of the country. For the recovery of this sector, it is necessary to renew the fruit plantations. Also, the range of fruit products needs to be diversified so that Romania can enter the European markets. In addition, Romanian producers should be encouraged by introducing tax exemptions and by granting new types of subsidies. In this way, Romania will be able to become competitive on the European and global market. The studies carried out on Research and Development Station for Fruit Growing (RDSFG) Iasi show how using high performance hybrids, as well as widening the range of products and maintaining a distribution process with no intermediaries have helped the company preserving a significant market share and increasing its turnover in the last years.

GOALS The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of inpatient outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) related to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND With all-cause mortality increasing in patients undergoing PCIs, outcomes for GIB associated with PCI may be adversely impacted. STUDY Using the National Inpatient Sample (2007 to 2012), we performed a nested case-control study assessing inpatient outcomes including incidence and mortality for PCI-related GIB hospitalizations. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine significant predictors for GIB incidence and mortality. RESULTS A total of 9332 (1.2%) of PCI hospitalizations were complicated by GIB with the age-adjusted incidence rate increasing 13% from 2007 (11.3 GIB per 1000 PCI) to 2012 (12.8). Patients ≥75 years of age experienced the steepest incline in GIB incidence, which increased 31% during the study period. Compared with non-GIB patients, mean length of stay (9.4 d vs. 3.3 d) and median cost of care ($29,236 vs. $17,913) was significantly higher. Significant demographic risk factors for GIB included older age and comorbid risk factors included gastritis or duodenitis, and Helicobacter pylori infection.In total, 1044 (11%) of GIB patients died during hospitalization with the GIB mortality rate increasing 30% from 2007 (95 deaths per 1000 GIB) to 2012 (123). Older age had the strongest association with inpatient mortality. CONCLUSIONS Inpatient incidence and mortality for PCI-related GIB has been increasing particularly with a large increase in incidence among older patients. A multidisciplinary approach focused on risk-stratifying patients may improve preventable causes of GIB.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a noninvasive neuroimaging tool that is increasingly becoming useful for presurgical delineation of epileptogenic zones and eloquent cortex in both lesional and non-lesional pediatric cases. During the past 10 yrs, the use of MEG in pediatric epilepsy research has increased. This paper starts with a review of the use of MEG in pediatric epilepsy. We then describe the protocol used for epilepsy patients at the pediatric MEG facility in Boston Children’s Hospital and present two case studies of intractable epilepsy obtained in our laboratory -cortical dysplasia and tuberous sclerosis complex -to illustrate our methodology in localizing epileptiform generators. In both cases, we are able to localize generators of interictal spikes in the irritative zone just outside the lesion. We also present results on localization of the somatosensory cortex based on our pediatric MEG system to illustrate the utility of MEG for identification of the eloquent cortex. We complete this review by considering advantages and limitations of MEG in children with epilepsy, its future developments and research applications. Application of MEG in pediatric epilepsy will accelerate during the coming years as different types of pediatric whole-head MEG systems and more advanced data analysis methods become available to the researchers and clinicians. These advances will lead to greater use of MEG as a complement to clinical electroencephalography, with improved noninvasive delineation of the epileptogenic zone.

University library administrators in Sri Lanka, realising the necessity of complying with customer perception of high quality service, have begun to search for alternative ways to satisfy their clientele on the basis of service quality. This study therefore aims to meet this need by identifying business domains in the university library setting to assess the extent to which service quality domains may be used to predict customer satisfaction, from a service quality perspective. Domain identification of service quality was carried out with a sample of 262 subjects. Accordingly, seven domains–affect of service personnel, building environment, collection and access, furniture and facilities, technology, service delivery and web services–were statistically tested to be confirmed as potential business domains of service quality. Whilst not detracting from preceding research studies conducted in the field, this study has demonstrated significant implications for researchers and library administrators in understanding the importance of individual business domains within the specific service spectrum of university libraries, in order to provide ultimate satisfaction for customers with a quality library service.

Online promotion of wine products is a new but indispensable approach in all promotional activities initiated by companies and producers of wine, whereas there is a need for a greater focus on this specific market, not separated from the real one, but a new component, increasingly prevalent. The new market, where demand is getting bigger in our country and where consumers are becoming more and more faithful to this type of promotion, is the online environment, which generated, as a response from manufacturers and distributors in almost all food industry areas, online marketing. Promoting in the virtual environment follows the same stages of development as any promoting strategy from other environments of intersection with customers: initial research, market segmentation, setting goals, market positio-ning, marketing mix, implementation of the promotional campaign itself and the implementation and post implementation control. The key features of wine products online promoting is interactivity and socialization. Internet communication occurs in two directions, unlike traditional marketing, which is unidirectional. The other characteristic of virtual promotional methods - socialization characterizes the future of cyberspace. The research purpose is not to separate the new form of promotion of other forms of nonvirtual marketing activities, but to emphasize that online marketing is the component that should not be missing from any promotional cam-paign launched by a company. The research was based on information provided by the S.C. Cotnari S.A. Department of Marketing. In order to determine the characteristics of online communication and modern promoting trends, we analyzed the website and social media accounts of this wine producer, as well as news portals and blogs. Questionnaires were applied on a sample of 133 consumers, to analyze the impact on their use of online marketing. The studied sample consisted of consumers of wine and, most of them, Internet users, from urban or rural areas. Each questionnaire contained 16 questions, with a total of 63 variables, and aimed to compare the behavior of respondents towards online promotion activity of S.C. Cotnari S.A., Iaşi county.