The Value of Clinical Anatomy, Imaging, Breast Gland Surgery and Therapeutic Implications in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a common disease in women over the age of 50. The risk of breast cancer in women between the ages of 30 to 39 is 1 in 250 women, and in women between the ages of 40 to 49 is 1 in 70 women. Material and method: We analysed clinicopathological data of the breast cancer on a series of 32 cases that underwent surgery between 2020–2021 in General Surgery Department of ”Providenta” Hospital Iasi, Romania. This includes the mammary gland and the cellular-adipose tissue placed between the glandular lobes and lobules together with blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves. The study was conducted after the surgery on the parts resected through it, but we also used the explorations performed for diagnosis and stage evaluation such as breast ultrasound, mammography, staging CT. The patients ranged between 58 and 71 years old and came from rural areas. The anatomopathological examination confirmed the preoperative diagnosis, the patients being referred to oncology for evaluation followed by adjuvant treatment. Results: The postoperative evolution was favourable, and no immediate postoperative complications were reported. Aspiration drainage was removed on average after 3 days. The average length of hospital stay was 7 days. Discussions: The surgery was performed using the Madden technique and was a radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node removal. This technique offers a very good loco-regional clearance from the oncological point of view because it resects in block the mammary gland, the adipose tissue next to it, the skin on a wide surface as well as the neighbouring fascial system, also preserving the pectoral muscle. The axillary lymph-adenectomy is complete, with no risk of intraoperative dissemination. Conclusion: Radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node removal using the Madden technique, performed in the beginning stage is a modern, effective surgery, easily supported by patients who were informed from the beginning, with an average duration of two hours and reduced postoperative complications
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