1. Etiology of aggressive periodontitis in individuals of African descent
- Author
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Amal Bouziane, Leila Lakhdar, Akihiro Yoshida, Masanori Iwasaki, Meryem Rhissassi, Toshihiro Ansai, Oumkeltoum Ennibi, Hideo Miyazaki, and Samir Erraji
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Atopobium ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Review Article ,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Genetic predisposition ,medicine ,Aggressive periodontitis ,African descent ,General Dentistry ,Periodontitis ,biology ,Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) ,Family aggregation ,RK1-715 ,030206 dentistry ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Chronic periodontitis ,030104 developmental biology ,Dentistry ,Immunology ,Th17 - Abstract
Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is a form of periodontitis that affects adolescents and has a significantly higher prevalence in individuals of African descent. AgP typically shows familial aggregation, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Young age, good health status, rapid attachment loss, and familial aggregation are the primary features of this disease. AgP has been closely linked to specific bacterial strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. A. actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from patients with AgP produce leukotoxin (LtxA), which specifically affects polymorphonuclear leukocytes in primates, especially humans. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analyses revealed differences in the subgingival microbiota between patients with AgP and those with chronic periodontitis (ChP). The genera Atopobium and Prevotella show increased prevalences in AgP than in ChP. According to AgP susceptibility, several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been detected in different genes in individuals of African descent. Interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β genetic polymorphisms may be associated with the severity of both ChP and AgP. An elevated serum level of IL-17 produced by Th17 cells may be a characteristic of AgP. Analyses of the relationships among bacteria, host defenses, genetic predisposition, and numerous other factors are required to understand the progression of this disease.
- Published
- 2021