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Background: Kaurane-type diterpenoids, obtained from various natural sources, have shown many biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. Caracasine, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid isolated from the flowers of Croton micans, was shown to induce apoptosis in leukaemia cell lines. Objective: The present study aimed to ascertain the compound’s mechanism of cell death induction using two leukaemia cell lines, Jurkat E6.1 (T cell) and HL-60 (promyeloblast cells). Methods: Cell death in Jurkat and HL60 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry for apoptosis with annexin-V/PI, mitochondrial membrane potential disturbance, changes in cell cycle, CD95 expression, caspase activation, Nuclear Factor kappa B inhibition, and differentiation into a neutrophil-like cell (dHL60). Results: Caracasine (10 μM) increased the G0/G1 phase in Jurkat and arrested the cell cycle in the S phase in HL60. Caracasine increased CD95 expression (p Conclusion: Caracasine induced apoptosis through the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in both cell lines were evaluated which could be the leading structure for new anti-leukemic and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Abstract: Tumour relapse, chemotherapy resistance, and metastasis continue to be unsolved issues in cancer therapy. A recent approach has been to scrutinise drugs used in the clinic for other illnesses and modify their structure to increase selectivity to cancer cells. Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), known antimalarials, have successfully treated autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. CQ and HCQ, well-known lysosomotropic agents, induce apoptosis, downregulate autophagy, and modify the tumour microenvironment. Moreover, they affect the Toll 9/NF-κB receptor pathway, activate stress response pathways, enhance p53 activity and CXCR4-CXCL12 expression in cancer cells, which would help explain their effects in cancer treatment. These compounds can normalise the tumourassociated vasculature, promote the activation of the immune system, change the phenotype of tumour-associated macrophages (from M2 to M1), and stimulate cancer-associated fibroblasts. We aim to review the historical aspects of CQ and its derivatives and the most relevant mechanisms that support the therapeutic use of CQ and HCQ for the treatment of cancer.

A safe and effective dengue vaccine is not ready yet; therefore, dengue prevention is necessary to control the spread of this infection. Lowering dengue disease depends on controlling mosquitoes by reducing Aedes habitats counting with community participation. We studied community participation on habitat reduction for immature stages of Aedes aegypti in two urban communities of the Aragua State from May 2009 to November 2018. The sample consisted of 100 houses of one community and 400 houses of the other. Fisher´s exact test was used to compare the proportions of positive houses or containers through the study period. House index, container index, and Breteau Index were calculated. The data were analyzed using Minitab 20.4 statistical software. The research team initiated the approach to the communities by contacting some of their natural leaders in January 2009. The methodological strategies included workshops, lectures, seminars, document and video reviews, practices, discussions, and knowledge sharing within and with the community. After six months of the intervention, a significant reduction in the Aedes larval indices was found in both communities and lasted for the entire study period. The intervention increased public consciousness and participation in dengue vector control measures in residential areas, and this behavior change was sustainable over time.

BACKGROUND: While autografts to date remain the “gold standard” for bone void fillers, synthetic bone grafts have garnered attention due to their advantages such as ability to be tailored in terms of its physical and chemical properties. Bioactive glass (BG), an inorganic material, has the capacity to form a strong bond with bone by forming a bone-like apatite surface, enhancing osteogenesis. Coupled with three-dimensional printing it is possible to maximize bone regenerative properties of the BG. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize 3D printed mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), BG 45S5, and compare to β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) based scaffolds; test cell viability and osteogenic differentiation on human osteoprogenitor cells in vitro. METHODS: MBG, BG 45S5, and β-TCP were fabricated into colloidal gel suspensions, tested with a rheometer, and manufactured into scaffolds using a 3D direct-write micro-printer. The materials were characterized in terms of microstructure and composition with Thermogravimetric Analyzer/Differential Scanning Calorimeter (TGA/DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Micro-Computed Tomography (μ-CT), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Mattauch–Herzog-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (MH-ICP-MS). RESULTS: Scaffolds were tested for cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation using human osteoprogenitor cells. Osteogenic media was used for differentiation, and immunocytochemistry for osteogenic markers Runx-2, Collagen-I, and Osteocalcin. The cell viability results after 7 days of culture yielded significantly higher (p

A partir de la hipótesis de que el estudio sistemático de los libros de protocolos notariales, dada su función y la índole de su contenido jurídico, ofrecen una perspectiva inmejorable para conocer a la sociedad que los produjo, se construyó una base de datos que permite acceder al contenido de 8.501 negocios suscritos en el siglo XVI, de manera que podemos establecer el qué, cuándo y cómo de cada escritura, y la filiación y roles que desempeñaron sus 23.044 otorgantes. Aquí se presenta un análisis preliminar de dicha información, dentro del cual, el concepto de rol, que fuera fundamental en su modelado, nos ayuda a delimitar los patrones de las relaciones jurídicas que se derivan de la combinación de los roles principales de cada negocio; y a generar una red dentro de la cual, figuras como comprador, vendedor, acreedor, deudor, curador, menor o apoderado, son consideradas actores sociales relevantes, que representan y sistematizan el comportamiento real de la clientela de los escribanos, con lo cual hacemos una primera caracterización de las relaciones jurídicas que se establecen y, dado que éstas están asociada a distintos campos de actuación social, comenzamos a ver cómo se interconectan distintos ámbitos de la realidad novohispana. Based on the hypothesis that the systematic study of notarial protocol books, given their function and the nature of their legal content, offer an unbeatable perspective to know the society that produced them, a database was built that allows access to the content of 8,501 notarial acts signed in the 16th century; thus we can establish the what, when and how of each public deed, as well as the personal data and roles played by its 23,044 grantors. A preliminary analysis of this information is presented here, within which the concept of role, fundamental in its modeling, helps us to define the legal relationships patterns derive from the combination of the main roles of each business; and to generate a network where figures such as buyer, seller, creditor, debtor, curator, minor or legal representative, are considered relevant social actors, who represent and systematize the real behavior of the notaries' clientele, with this we make a first characterization of the legal relationships that are established and, given that these are associated with different fields of social action, we begin to see how different areas of New Spain's reality are interconnected. Partant de l'hypothèse que l'étude systématique des livres de protocole notarié, compte tenu de leur fonction et de la nature de leur contenu juridique, offre une perspective imbattable pour connaître la société qui les a produits, une base de données a été construite qui permet d'accéder au contenu de 8 501 entreprises signées au 16ème siècle, afin que nous puissions établir le quoi, quand et comment de chaque acte, et l'affiliation et les rôles joués par ses 23 044 constituants. Une analyse préliminaire de ces informations est présentée ici, au sein de laquelle la notion de rôle, fondamentale dans sa modélisation, nous aide à délimiter les schémas de relations juridiques qui dérivent de la combinaison des principaux rôles de chaque entreprise ; et de générer un réseau au sein duquel, des figures telles que l'acheteur, le vendeur, le créancier, le débiteur, le curateur, le mineur ou le mandataire, sont considérés comme des acteurs sociaux pertinents, qui représentent et systématisent le comportement réel de la clientèle des notaires, avec lesquels nous faisons un premier caractérisation des relations juridiques qui s'établissent et, étant donné que celles-ci sont associées à différents domaines de l'action sociale, nous commençons à voir comment différents domaines de la réalité de la Nouvelle-Espagne sont interconnectés. Partindo da hipótese de que o estudo sistemático dos livros de registro notarial, dada sua função e a natureza de seu conteúdo jurídico, oferecem uma perspectiva imbatível para conhecer a sociedade que os produziu, foi construído um banco de dados que permite o acesso ao conteúdo de 8.501 negócios firmados no século XVI, para que possamos estabelecer o quê, quando e como de cada escritura, a filiação e os papéis desempenhados por seus 23.044 outorgantes. Apresenta-se aqui uma análise preliminar dessas informações, dentro da qual o conceito de função, que foi fundamental em sua modelagem, nos ajuda a delimitar os padrões de relações jurídicas que derivam da combinação das funções principais de cada negócio; e gerar uma rede dentro da qual, figuras como comprador, vendedor, credor, devedor, curador, menor ou procurador, sejam considerados atores sociais relevantes, que representem e sistematizem o comportamento real da clientela dos cartórios, com os quais fazemos uma primeira caracterização das relações jurídicas que se estabelecem e, uma vez que estão associadas a diferentes campos de ação social, começamos a ver como diferentes áreas da realidade da Nova Espanha estão interligadas.

Stunning livestock (rendering them unconscious) is a necessary component of initiating humane slaughter, thus it is important to provide support to individuals performing this job. The objective of this study was to identify worker perspectives, training methods, and resources available to workers performing stunning. An online survey was distributed to industry association listservs or direct emails of slaughter plants in the United States of America. An additional survey was administered at an industry conference to increase participation. Twenty respondents completed the slaughter survey. Respondents were commonly trained using an in-person, in-house trainer. Respondents indicated feeling confident in performing stunning after training (18, 90%) and that “stunning animals has become easier the more times they did it” (17, 85%). Only 2 (10%) respondents said there were aware of programs to promote mental health, but most (17, 85%) felt “supported by peers in their workplace.” This preliminary survey identified interest in more training and limited awareness of supportive resources.

introducción La pandemia COVID-19, ha obligado a las instituciones académicas a implantar diferentes metodologías hibridas (presencial y a distancia), la educación basada en simulación no es la excepción, esta se ha adaptado al modelo a distancia, como es la telesimulación. Desarrollo de la experiencia de innovación Se presenta un procedimiento de simulación en línea, con avatares humanos presentes en el escenario de simulación, que se identifican con cada uno de los alumnos en remoto, desarrollan la acción que estos indican en tiempo real, recibiendo los alumnos retroalimentación inmediata; lo que favorece el aprendizaje significativo. Discusión de la innovación docente Se analizan las ventajas de distintas modalidades de telesimulación, se propugna que la simulación con avatares humanos facilita el desarrollo cognitivo, afectivo y psicomotor en los alumnos, favorece el trabajo en equipo, la interacción social; y es capaz de crear una comunidad de investigación con presencia cognitiva, social y docente. Conclusiones La simulación clínica con avatares humanos constituye un nuevo procedimiento en simulación en línea, que podría contribuir a mejorar la formación médica. Se propone continuar con la evidencia empírica y la investigación científica sobre este nuevo modelo de telesimulación. Palabras clave: Telesimulación, sesión clínica, simulación avatar, habilidades.

Black women are largely invisible in mainstream media’s coverage of police brutality, despite the rise of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. Breonna Taylor’s killing by police in March 2020 gained some media attention after George Floyd’s killing. To engage with BLM, O, The Oprah Magazine and Vanity Fair released special issues in September 2020 featuring Taylor’s portrait on the covers. This study examined the Twitter response to these covers to illuminate how mass media commodify Black womanhood. A critical discourse analysis (CDA) using an intersectional feminist lens revealed themes related to the profitability of Black death, gendered Black allegiance, and Black woman aesthetics.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a health problem worldwide. The appearance of ulcers in diabetic patients annually affects around 26 million people worldwide. Without proper care, these foot ulcers can lead to hospitalization, amputation and death. Objetive: Try to find out that mechanical and structural factors are related to high plantar pressure in the forefoot (HPPF) and increase the risk of plantar ulcers in patients with diabetic neuropathy (DNP). Find out which peak of plantar pressure is considered high and therefore risk factor for the development of plantar ulcer, using an in-shoe pressure system (BIOFOOT/IBV). Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional and analytical study. The sample consists of 70 patients (140 feet or units of analysis), with risk of plantar ulcer 1 and 2, without ischemia, of the risk classification of plantar ulcer development of the International Working Group on Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Results: The results obtained specify that structural alteration of the foot is considered as a risk factor for the development of plantar ulcer. A plantar pressure is determined above which it is considered that patients with DNP could be at risk of ulceration. Conclusion: The observation of the feet of diabetic patients, especially those affected by DNP, and the use of insoles may be useful to prevent the appearance of plantar ulcers.

In 2018, 24% of Mexican men living with HIV were disengaged from HIV care, which impedes their use of antiretroviral treatment (ART). To identify HIV care disengagement and/or ART discontinuation factors using an ecological framework, we conducted 22 semi-structured interviews with men who have sex with men from the HIV state clinic of Tabasco, Mexico. HIV care disengagement was attributed to interpersonal, organizational, and community factors, whereas ART discontinuation was attributed to intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. Intrapersonal factors were burden of ART, substance use, mental health problems, and feeling well or ill. Interpersonal factors included family stigma or support, and partner discouragement. Factors at the organizational level were HIV care-related: inconvenient follow-ups, negative provider interactions, and reentry obstacles; and work-related: absences, work stigma, and travel. Community factors were social stigma and economic means. Interventions should target multiple levels of interdependent factors, distinguishing between HIV care disengagement and ART discontinuation factors.

Obesity and metabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) are more prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ). MetS components might be associated with neurocognitive and functional impairments in these individuals. The predictive and discriminatory validity of MetS and its components regarding those outcomes were assessed from prospective and transdiagnostic perspectives.Metabolic syndrome components and neurocognitive and social functioning were assessed in 165 subjects, including 30 with SZ, 42 with BD, 35 with MDD, 30 with T2DM, and 28 healthy controls (HCs). A posteriori, individuals were classified into two groups. The MetS group consisted of those who met at least three of the following criteria: abdominal obesity (AO), elevated triglycerides (TG), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), elevated blood pressure (BP), and elevated fasting glucose (FPG); the remaining participants comprised the No-MetS group. Mixed one-way analysis of covariance and linear and binary logistic regression analyses were performed.Cognitive impairment was significantly greater in the MetS group (n = 82) than in the No-MetS group (n = 83), with small effect sizes (p0.05; η²p = 0.02 - 0.03). In both groups, the most robust associations between MetS components and neurocognitive and social functioning were observed with TG and FPG (p0.05). There was also evidence for a significant relationship between cognition and BP in the MetS group (p0.05). The combination of TG, FPG, elevated systolic BP and HDL best classified individuals with greater cognitive impairment (p0.001), and TG was the most accurate (p0.0001).Specific MetS components are significantly associated with cognitive impairment across somatic and psychiatric disorders. Our findings provide further evidence on the summative effect of MetS components to predict cognition and social functioning and allow the identification of individuals with worse outcomes. Transdiagnostic, lifestyle-based therapeutic interventions targeted at that group hold the potential to improve health outcomes.

Introduction Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), which are used by over a quarter of reproductive-age women in the United States (Daniels et al., 2015; Jones et al., 2013), contain either both ethinylestradiol and a synthetic progestin, or solely a synthetic progestin. Through progestin-induced hepatic increases in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), OCPs have been found to reduce the number of bioavailable androgens within women’s bodies (Zimmerman et al., 2014). Given that androgens are essential for the maintenance of healthy vaginal tissue (I. Goldstein, 2009), reduced androgen levels may adversely impact the vaginal epithelium in OCP users. While OCPs are indeed associated with symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), such as vaginal pain and vaginal dryness (Battaglia et al., 2012), little is known about how these symptoms may vary based on the androgenicity of OCPs. Objective The aim of the present study was to compare rates of VVA among three groups of women: (1) women using OCPs containing low doses (i.e., ≤25 μg) of ethinylestradiol coupled with an androgenic progestin, (2) women using OCPs containing low doses (i.e., ≤25 μg) of ethinylestradiol coupled with an antiandrogenic progestin, and (3) naturally-cycling women (i.e., women with no history of oral contraceptive pill use). Methods Participants rated the severity of the following symptoms of VVA on a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (mild) to 3 (severe): vaginal dryness, vaginal and/or vulvar irritation/itching, dysuria, and vaginal pain associated with sexual activity. Participants also dichotomously rated the presence or absence of vaginal bleeding associated with sexual activity. Results Women taking androgenic OCPs (n = 50) were significantly more likely to report vaginal bleeding associated with sexual activity than were women in the control group (n = 59), χ2(2, 130) = 9.759, p = .007. One participant (1.69%) in the control reported vaginal bleeding, compared to ten women (20%) in the androgenic group. Three participants (14.28%) in the antiandrogenic group endorsed vaginal bleeding, however this result was not significant. A MANOVA indicated no significant between-group differences for any of the remaining VVA items (i.e., dryness, itching/irritation, dysuria, or pain), F(2, 250) = 1.098, p = .365, and an ANOVA confirmed there were no differences between groups in the total VVA score, F(2) = 2.093, p = .127. Conclusions There were elevated rates of vaginal bleeding among OCP users compared to non-OCP users in this sample. This finding could be attributable a range of factors which have previously linked OCP use to vaginal bleeding, such as thinning of the vaginal tissue (Kagan & Rivera, 2018), cervical ectopy (Patil & Sharma, 2017), and thinning of the endometrium (Bright et al., 2011). Disclosure No

Lazarín Miranda, F. (2022). Historia mínima de la aviación comercial (Vol. 12). México: El Colegio de México. 296 pp. ISBN: 978-607-564-385-4.

This article analyzes the emergence of a form of feminist activism in Morocco that has started to reactivate after 20F - the Moroccan version of the Arab Spring - and has become more visible on the streets during protests. Its stands outside the historic feminist movement further to its anti-neoliberal character. Due to its involvement in the 20F movement, we propose to analyze it in the light of frameworks elaborated in Latin America, which name it popular feminism. This activism is led by Moroccan women, mainly proceeding from rural areas, who fight for the defense of the common and for the reproduction of life., Este artículo analiza la emergencia de un modelo de activismo feminista en Marruecos que, tras el 20F - la versión marroquí de la Primavera Árabe – comienza a reactivarse y a hacerse más visible en las calles, durante las protestas. Se sitúa al margen del movimiento feminista histórico, por su carácter anti-neoliberal. Implicado en el movimiento 20F, proponemos analizarlo a la luz de los marcos desarrollados en América Latina, que lo nombran como feminismo popular. Se trata de un activismo protagonizado por mujeres marroquíes, básicamente rurales, que luchan por la defensa de lo común y por la reproducción de la vida

Homo luzonensis, a fossil hominin from the Philippines, is smaller than modern humans. At present, very little is known about the life history of this species. Cementochronology can answer life history questions, but usually involves destructive sampling. Here, we use synchrotron radiation to count the yearly cement lines of teeth belonging to a single individual. This approach allows us to determine that this individual was likely 31 years old at time of death and apparently had a developmental pattern comparable to chimpanzees. To our knowledge, this is the first time that cementochronology using synchrotron radiation tomography is used for life history and age-at-death estimation.

While there has been considerable success in the three-dimensional bioprinting of relatively large standalone filamentous tissues, the fabrication of solid fibers with ultrafine diameters or those cannular featuring ultrathin walls remains a particular challenge. Here, an enabling strategy for (bio)printing of solid and hollow fibers whose size ranges could be facilely adjusted across a broad spectrum, is reported, using an aqueous two-phase embedded (bio)printing approach combined with specially designed cross-linking and extrusion methods. The generation of standalone, alginate-free aqueous architectures using this aqueous two-phase strategy allowed freeform patterning of aqueous bioinks, such as those composed of gelatin methacryloyl, within the immiscible aqueous support bath of poly(ethylene oxide). Our (bio)printing strategy revealed the fabrication of standalone solid or cannular structures with diameters as small as approximately 3 or 40 μ m, respectively, and wall thicknesses of hollow conduits down to as thin as μ m. With cellular functions also demonstrated, we anticipate the methodology to serve as a platform that may satisfy the needs for the different types of potential biomedical and other applications in the future, especially those pertaining to cannular tissues of ultrasmall diameters and ultrathin walls used toward regenerative medicine and tissue model engineering.

Volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) enables fast photopolymerization of three-dimensional constructs by illuminating dynamically evolving light patterns in the entire build volume. However, the lack of bioinks suitable for VAM is a critical limitation. This study reports rapid volumetric (bio)printing of pristine, unmodified silk-based (silk sericin (SS) and silk fibroin (SF)) (bio)inks to form sophisticated shapes and architectures. Of interest, combined with post-fabrication processing, the (bio)printed SS constructs reveal properties including reversible as well as repeated shrinkage and expansion, or shape-memory; whereas the (bio)printed SF constructs exhibit tunable mechanical performances ranging from a few hundred Pa to hundreds of MPa. Both types of silk-based (bio)inks are cytocompatible. This work supplies expanded bioink libraries for VAM and provides a path forward for rapid volumetric manufacturing of silk constructs, towards broadened biomedical applications.

Purpose: Bone repair aims to restore the anatomical, biomechanical, and functional integrity of the affected structure. Here we study the effects of ascorbic acid (AA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) applied in a single dose and in combination on the repair of a noncritical bone defect model. Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: an intact G-1 control group, and three groups that underwent a noncritical bone defect in the right tibia: G-2 treated with AA, G-3 treated with EGF, and G-4 treated with AA in combination with EGF. After 21 days of treatment, rats were sacrificed, the tibias were dissected and a destructive biomechanical analysis of three-point flexion test was performed in a universal testing machine; the values of stiffness, resistance, maximum energy, and energy at maximum load were statistically compared. Results: G-3 and G-4 recovered the biomechanical properties of strength and stiffness of an intact tibia 3 weeks after their application. Not so the energy and energy at maximum load. For G-2, only the stiffness of an intact tibia was recovered. Conclusions: EGF and AA-EGF applied to a noncritical bone defect in the rat tibia favors the recovery of bone resistance and stiffness.

We describe a theoretical proposal of a nanofibre-based trap for a Rb$_2$ molecule prepared in the metastable state $(1)^3\Sigma^+_u$. The trapping potential results from the combination of a travelling and a standing-wave fields, both carried by the fundamental guided mode HE$_{11}$ of the fibre. We show that, with an experimentally realistic choice of laser frequencies and powers, one can implement a $\approx 200$ $\mu$K-deep well at $\approx 140$ nm from the fibre surface accomodating for $\approx 500$ translational molecular states.

Objective: The aim of this research is to demonstrate how the use of hierarchical cluster analysis on 366 municipalities and other minor entities (parishes) of Venezuela, could be useful to consider regional differences and similarities between territorial entities when designing national public policies of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) based on evidence. Methods and results: Consider data from various sources to characterize the population of Venezuela through their territorial entities. Select variables at the level of the territorial entities to cover demographic characteristics, mortality and nutrition, coverage of reliable water and sanitation services, access to education, and access to information and communication technologies. Classify the territorial entities into a limited number of mutually exclusive groups using hierarchical clustering techniques and based on proximity in the multi-dimensional space. Adjust of assignments, reallocating some entities into a different group based on the specialists' opinion about its hierarchy in the cities regional system and its geographic location. Define an indicator to verify the consistency of the groups built. Conduct a statistical analysis to confirm separation of the groups. Demonstrate the utility of the results with some examples of common analysis when building a sanitary public policy, using seven distinct groups of recommendations depending on each cluster. Conclusions: Cluster analysis can be a useful method to analyse relevant differences between territorial entities when designing national public policies based on evidence.

Background and objective: medical devices and supplies increase productivity in health institutions, contributing to the reduction of morbidity and mortality rates. However, the use of medical devices has an associated level of risk. A third party must guarantee the safety and effectiveness of the medical team to grant a quality certification. In Venezuela, one of the institutions authorized by the regulatory entity (Ministry of Popular Power for Health) that grants quality certification is the Health Technology Management Unit (UGTS) attached to the Research and Development Foundation (FUNINDES ) from the Simón Bolívar University (USB). The objective of this work is to show the certification protocol by the UGTS and its results. Material and Methods; It based on the ISO 9001 standard for the processes. Five activities were determined: Prepare the teaching, technical and administrative staff as ISO auditors. Carry out an external audit, in order to make proposals for improvement; Plan changes in our quality management system and processes and Qualify as a supplier guided by the ISO 9001 philosophy by a prestigious international company. Results: Based on the results, general and particular proposals were proposed to improve the process. These were adopted by the group and later in the evaluation of an international company the USB was qualified as an approved supplier for the analysis of medical devices by the company Johnson & Johnson Medical S.C.S. when complying with ISO 9001 Standard. Conclusions: The UGTS is authorized by the Ministry of Popular Power for Health (MPPS) through the Sanitary Comptroller's Office to issue quality certificates to medical teams since 1999. Approximately 55 companies that have received service are registered in its database. In the period audited (2012 - 2014), 25 files were created. Its processes comply with ISO 9001.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects primarily the spine. There is a strong association of the HLA-B*27 allele with AS pathogenesis, but recent studies have demonstrated the participation of ERAP1 gene in the genetic susceptibility. The aim of this study was to determine whether HLA-B tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and ERAP1-related genetic variations associated with AS have equal or similarly performance in patients´ screening compared to HLA-B*27 standard genotyping in Mexican population. Genomic DNA from patients with AS and population-based controls from Mexico City was analyzed for five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs4349859, rs13202464, rs116488202, tagging HLA-B*27; and rs30187 and rs27044 in ERAP1 gene. TaqMan genotype assay method was used for SNPs genotyping. We found a significant association between AS and the heterozygote genotypes and minor alleles of the HLA-B*27 tag-SNPs, as well as for their haplotypes. With respect to ERAP1 polymorphisms, no significant associations were observed (p > 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity analysis showed values of 0.96 and 1.00 for the rs4349859 SNP, and 0.96 and 0.94 for the rs116488202 SNP, respectively, in detecting HLA-B*27 compared to the B27 test as the gold standard. HLA-B*27 tag-SNPs are associated with AS susceptibility; furthermore, the rs4349859 SNP by its own have an outstanding performance in detecting HLA-B*27 and therefore can be proposed as screening marker in the identification of HLA-B*27 in our population.

Event-level studies measure substance use and sexual behaviors happening during a specific sexual encounter, ensuring that both variables are temporally paired. This study explored the event-level associations between a range of sexual behaviors (masturbation, anal sex, oral sex, rimming, fisting, sex toys, and group sex) and five sexualized substances (poppers, methamphetamine, GHB, ecstasy/MDMA, and ketamine) used during 11,582 sexual events reported by 762 gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Vancouver, Canada. Data were obtained from a prospective cohort of GBMSM who self-reported their behaviors via computer-based questionnaires on their last sexual encounter with up to five of their most recent partners in the past six months. These clustered data were analyzed with multivariable generalized linear mixed models. Participants reported popper use in 16.1% of sexual encounters, methamphetamine in 8.6%, gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in 4.1%, ecstasy/3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in 3.3%, and ketamine in 1.5%. Condomless receptive anal sex (25.0% of events) was associated with increased odds of using poppers, methamphetamine, GHB, and ecstasy/MDMA. Group sex (13.1% of events) and sharing sex toys (2.0% of events) were more likely with the use of all five substances. Receiving money/drugs/goods in exchange for sex (2.5% of events) was associated with increased odds of poppers, methamphetamine, GHB, and ecstasy/MDMA use. GBMSM living with HIV (29.9% of participants) had higher odds of using poppers, methamphetamine, and GHB, but lower odds of using ecstasy/MDMA. In conclusion, these event-level results suggest public health strategies are needed to address the possible negative impacts of sexualized substance use among GBMSM.

Molecular defects of hepatic nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β) are associated with multiorgan disease (renal disease, pancreatic hypoplasia, and genital tract anomalies) in addition to diabetes. We examined the phenotypic features, insulin secretory response to glucose, and response to treatment in subjects with HNF1β-MODY (MODY 5). Twelve subjects with HNF1β-MODY were phenotyped in detail. A 2-h oral glucose tolerance test was performed to establish insulin secretory response with glucose, insulin and C-peptide measurements taken at baseline and 30 min intervals. Clinical follow-up occurred bi-annually. Ten of 12 subjects had diabetes with mean age of onset of 30.2 ± 15.5 years, fasting glucose of 9.7 ± 4.6 mmol/L and HbA1c of 60.9 ± 17.1 mmol/mol (7.7 ± 1.6%). Renal and/or pancreatic morphological abnormalities were found in 9 subjects. Mean fasting C-peptide (0.5 ± 0.4 nmol/L) and AUC C-peptide (1.5 ± 1.0 nmol/L/120 min) were reduced in our cohort with 4 subjects demonstrating marked insulin deficiency. OGIS was reduced at 290.2 ± 67.0 ml min−1 m−2. 6/10 subjects were on insulin therapy at initial diagnosis and 8/10 at last clinical follow-up. Mean insulin dose at last clinical follow-up was 0.45 ± 0.23units/kg/day. 5 subjects on insulin were trialled on sulphonylurea therapy, and none was successfully weaned off insulin. Diagnosing HNF1β-MODY in a diabetes clinic is challenging due to its variable phenotype and variable age of onset. β-Cell dysfunction and insulin resistance contribute to diabetes in HNF1β-MODY. No subjects successfully transitioned to sulphonylurea. Early initiation of insulin therapy would be suitable to achieve glycaemic control. This emphasizes the importance of genetic testing for monogenic forms of diabetes to guide personalized treatment.

Recently, several studies have presented quantitative data of lithic assemblages from Islands Southeast Asia (ISEA), based on technological and morphological analyses. While this has led to a better overall understanding of the nature of these assemblages, there is still lack of clarity about the relationship between manufacturing technology and usage. Accordingly, this study collected detailed data of lithic assemblages from Callao Cave in northern Luzon, Philippines. Multifaceted analyses including technological and morphological analysis and use-wear analysis were conducted to clarify the actual nature of lithic technology and tool use in relation to human behavior. Results of the technological and morphological analysis show that several core tools share same types of secondary reduction (retouch) with flake tools, while there are several retouched tools (flake tools and core tools) with several types of secondary reduction (retouch). In addition, there are no major differences between the sizes of the core tools and flake tools. Result of the use-wear analysis indicates that several retouched areas on both the core tools and flake tools were actually used. These stone-tool manufacturing and usage characteristics suggest that the hunter-gatherers who left the assemblages did not clearly distinguish between cores and flakes (or between core tools and flake tools), and did not treat lithic tools as single-function items. That is, it appears that secondary reduction was completed depending on the shapes, thicknesses, and angles of the edges of these lithic artifacts. The users/manufacturers thus placed emphasis on functional edges. It also seems that the core tools were used as both tools and objects for flake production. The characteristics of the assemblages in manufacturing and their usage suggest that lithic artifacts and lithic raw materials were used in Callao Cave efficiently and economically. Furthermore, in terms of their primary and secondary reduction processes, the assemblages from Callao Cave are considerably different from Upper Paleolithic assemblages found in the northern regions of Eurasia. This indicates that the characteristics of stone tool manufacturing and usage in Callao Cave reflect another strategy of early modern humans for using lithic raw material. However, these characteristics of the assemblages may most closely reflect the characteristics of the occupations and activities in the site. Accordingly, similar analyses, including technological and morphological analysis and use-wear analysis, need to be conducted on other lithic assemblages which are composed of many lithic artifacts in ISEA.

IntroductionChildren with cancer have a higher risk of adverse outcomes during critical illness than general pediatric populations. In Low- and middle-income countries, lack of resources can further negatively impact outcomes in critically ill children with cancer.MethodsIn this study, we describe the outcomes of a large cohort of children with cancer including mortality and resource utilization. We performed a retrospective review of all patients admitted to our PICU between December 12th, 2013 and December 31st, 2019. Outcomes were defined as recovery or death and resource utilization was described via use of critical care interventions, Length of stay as well as PICU- and Mechanical Ventilation- free days.ResultsOverall mortality was 6.9% while mortality in the unplanned admissions was 9.1%. This remained lower than expected mortality based on PIM2 scoring. Type of PICU admission, Neurological Deterioration as a cause of PICU admission, and PIM2 were significant as risk factors in univariate analysis, but only PIM2 remained significant in the multivariate analysis.DiscussionOur Study shows that high survival rates are achievable for children with cancer with critical illness in resource-limited settings with provision of high-quality critical care. Organizational and clinical practice facilitating quality improvement and early identification and management of critical illness may attenuate the impact of known risk factors for mortality in this population.

Aboites Aguilar, L. (2019). Estudio sobre geografía tributaria mexicana. 1788-2005. México: El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Históricos. 125 pp., ISBN 978-607-628-799-6

The study aimed at investigating the relationship between parental involvement and learners’ perceived attitude to their academic performance in Mathematics. To achieve this aim, the researcher used a sample of 134 parents and learners from grades 4-6 at Bungahan Elementary School. The researcher used the descriptive-correlational method of research, which utilized standardized questionnaires from published research. The study clearly revealed that learners’ attitudes toward Mathematics do not affect their academic performance in Mathematics. The result of the correlational analysis is that learners’ perceived attitudes in Mathematics such as (a) Motivation and Support, (b) Anxiety in Learning, (c) Self-Efficacy in Learning Mathematics do not significantly affect their academic performance in Mathematics as these perceived attitudes got a significant level of greater than 0.05, therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted. However, among the different ways of parental involvement stated in the study, only the mentoring strategies provided by the parents during the indicated school year have been effective in increasing their performance in Mathematics. There is a significant relationship between the mentoring strategies of parents and learners’ academic performance; p= 0.016 (

El cáncer de cabeza y cuello corresponde al 3% de los cánceres en general, es el sexto más común mundialmente, afectando con más frecuencia la cavidad oral (30%). El tipo histológico más frecuente es el carcinoma de células escamosas (90%). El tamaño tumoral y la profundidad de invasión están asociados al pronóstico, los clasificados T3-T4 tienen hasta 70% de metástasis ganglionares. El concepto de ganglio centinela, ha sido aceptado en el tratamiento del cáncer oral en estadio precoz. Objetivo: Evaluar la confiabilidad del ganglio centinela en carcinoma de células escamosas de cavidad oral T1 / T2 N0. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemáticaensayos clínicos aleatorizados de pacientes con carcinoma de células escamosas de cavidad oral con cuellos negativos a los que se les realizó técnica de ganglio centinela o disección cervical (periodo enero 2000 hasta junio 2021). Resultados: Los artículos evaluados fueron 6, ensayos clínicos que realizaron inyección peritumoral preoperatoria de radiocoloide de tecnecio y linfogammagrafía, seguida de ganglio centinela con sonda gamma intraoperatoria. La tasa de supervivencia libre de enfermedad estuvo entre el 89%-91% y la tasa global de recurrencia local fue del 18%-24% en los pacientes con ganglio centinela positivo. La sensibilidad del ganglio centinela se encuentra en el 93% y el valor predictivo negativo en un 97%. Conclusiones: El ganglio centinela resulta una herramienta útil y confiable para su uso en pacientes con carcinoma de células escamosas de cavidad oral T1/T2N0. La mayoría de los pacientes con resultados positivos en las biopsias por ganglio centinela tienen ganglios positivos adicionales en la disección del cuello. Los individuos con resultados negativos en biopsia por ganglio centinela parecen tener una mejor supervivencia general y específica de la enfermedad.

Session 5A-Mijares-Hyperspectral image compression using convolutional neural networks with local spectral transforms and non-uniform sample normalisation

Circadian rhythms in skeletal muscle are maintained by a transcriptional-translational feedback loop known as the molecular clock. While previous research suggested a role for the molecular clock in regulating skeletal muscle structure and function, no mechanisms have connected the molecular clock to sarcomeric proteins. Utilizing inducible, skeletal muscle specific, Bmal1 knockout (iMSBmal1-/-) mice, we show that deletion of the skeletal muscle molecular clock alters titin isoform and skeletal muscle sarcomere length. We then use U7 snRNPs in myotubes to directly alter titin splicing in vitro. Truncating titin’s proximal Ig domain results in altered sarcomere length. Finally, we identify a mechanism whereby the skeletal muscle molecular clock regulates titin isoform expression through RBM20, a potent splicing regulator of the titin transcript. Our findings demonstrate the importance of the skeletal muscle molecular clock in maintaining sarcomere length homogeneity through its regulation of RBM20 expression. Because circadian rhythm disruption is a feature of many diseases, our results highlight a pathway that could be targeted to maintain skeletal muscle structure and function in a range of pathologies. Significance Statement Circadian rhythms regulate many aspects of skeletal muscle physiology; however, the exact mechanisms connecting the molecular underpinnings of these rhythms to skeletal muscle structure and function are poorly understood. Here we describe how the skeletal muscle molecular clock regulates titin, the protein ruler regulating sarcomere length and muscle strength. Since circadian rhythms and skeletal muscle weakness underly a number of diseases, these results highlight a potential target for future therapeutic strategies.