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Aim of the study. To evaluate the effect of professional teeth whitening on the level of oral hygiene. Material and methods. A randomized controlled, prospective clinical trial was conducted in 2 groups of 30 people, in each. In group 1, professional oral hygiene and professional teeth whitening were performed using 25% hydrogen peroxide. In group 2, only professional oral hygiene was performed. Evaluated the dynamics of the hygienic index of Quigley-Hein in the modification of S. Turesky, 2 weeks, 1 month and 6 months after the procedure. Results. 6 months after the start of the study in group 1, the average value of the Quigley-Heine index in the modification of S. Turesky was significantly lower than before the at start of the study (1.24 ± 0.11 and 2.34 ± 0.14 respectively). In group 2, the index value after 6 months exceeded 2.0 and almost returned to the initial level (2.05 ± 0.06 and 2.44 ± 0.08, respectively). During the entire observation period in patients underwent professional teeth whitening, the level of oral hygiene was significantly higher than in the control group. Conclusion. Professional teeth whitening has a positive effect on the level of oral hygiene and is a significant motivating factor in maintaining oral health.

The current trend in dental science is to develop novel approaches to the treatment of dental diseases. More often the body’s own proteins are being used, as well as lactoferrin that is the component of exocrine glands secretions. At present lactoferrin can be obtained biotechnologically. Lactoferrin is one of the innate immune system components and is a multifunctional glycoprotein from the transferrin family. This protein is capable of iron binding and thus deprives the microbiota of essential microelement. It’s efficacy against Str. mutans, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. Gingivalis, P. Intermedia, Candida albicans was demonstrated. Lactoferrin is active against cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C virus. Immunomodulatory possibilities of lactoferrin have been shown. In dentistry recombinant lactoferrin is successfully applied in treatment of periodontal diseases, oral mucosa lesions of bacterial, viral and fungal etiology and also in dental caries prevention.

External cervical resorption of the root of the tooth, is asymptomatic and has no characteristic morphological manifestations, to make a reliable diagnosis in most cases is impossible. External inflammatory root resorption is one of the most destructive and aggressive types of pathology. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature and publications. This article highlights the main etiological factors and pathogenesis mechanisms of external resorption of the root. Both local and systemic etiological factors can lead to the development of root resorption. Allocate superficial, inflammatory and replacement external resorption. The modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease are considered.

The article is devoted to the possibilities of using bacteriophages in dentistry. The main characteristics of bacteriophages and mechanisms of their interaction with a bacterial cell as well as the data of microbiological studies and the results of clinical use of bacteriophages in periodontal diseases are discussed. Bacteriophages have been shown to be effective against periodontopathogenic microorganisms, including antibiotic resistant bacteria in vitro and in vivo. There were reflected the advantages and disadvantages of phage therapy, the main of which for today is a small experience of clinical use of this method. Objective. To analyze the data of foreign and domestic literature and publications in the field of phagotherapy effectiveness in dentistry.

Purpose. To highlight the problem of periodontal lesions in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) from the clinical-laboratory position and evaluate their relationship. In the pathogenesis of chronic generalized periodontitis, systemic diseases of the body play an important role, including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The main dental symptom of OSA is dry mouth due to oral breathing, which is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. The review presents the results of a number of clinical studies dedicated to assessing the relationship of periodontal disease and obstructive sleep apnea. This review summarizes knowledge about the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on the rate of progression and the severity of periodontal disease. Literature data indicate the need for further study of the characteristics of periodontal disease and the development of individual plans for dental rehabilitation of patients with OSA.

To evaluate by means of a systematic review the survival rate of composite resin restorations in the long-term period and the main factors, affecting the quality of restorations.An electronic search was performed in eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus. Restriction period was 2007-2017 years. The eligibility criteria included randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials and prospective and retrospective cohort studies with at least 3 years of follow-up.The initial search resulted in 328 articles after an initial assessment and careful reading, 17 studies were included in this review. The overall survival rate of composite restorations was 90.7% after 3 years, 89.5% after 5 years, 89.3% after 7 years and 75.6% after 10 years. The highest loss rate was for class II restorations at molars. However there was not enough information about class III and IV restorations and direct veneers. According to majority of publications, type of composite resin material and adhesive system do not affect the survival rate of restorations. The main risk factors of failure are smoking, beverages consumption, bruxism, xerostomia and low level of caries resistance.The results of this review suggest that composite resin restorations can demonstrate clinically acceptable results in the long-term period. In case of compliance with treatment protocol the longevity of composite resin restoration is more than 15 years.Цель исследования - обобщение имеющихся литературных данных о качестве композитных реставраций в отдаленные сроки, определение уровня их ретенции и анализ факторов, оказывающих влияние на их сохранность и качество. Поиск научной литературы проводился в Центральной научной медицинской библиотеке, электронной медицинской библиотеке eLIBRARY.RU, а также по базе данных медицинских публикаций PubMed и Scopus. В исследование были включены рандомизированные контролируемые исследования, контролируемые клинические исследования, проспективные и ретроспективные когортные исследования, посвященные клинической оценке прямых композитных реставраций постоянных зубов в отдаленные сроки (3 года и более) за период с 2007 по 2017 г. Из 328 публикаций для подробного исследования было отобрано 17. По данным проведенного анализа через 3 года сохраняется, в среднем, 90,7%, через 5 лет - 89,5%, через 7-8 лет - 89,3%, через 10 лет - 75,6% реставраций. Чаще всего неудовлетворительные результаты наблюдаются при пломбировании дефектов класса II на молярах. В электронных базах данных практически отсутствуют исследования по качеству реставраций класса III и IV. По данным большинства авторов, тип используемого композитного материала и адгезивной системы не оказывает существенного влияния на срок службы реставрации. К факторам риска, влияющим на их качество в отдаленные сроки, авторы относят курение, употребление газированных напитков, бруксизм, ксеростомию, уровень кариесрезистентности пациента. На основании проведенного анализа доступной литературы можно сделать вывод, что при условии соблюдения протокола лечения срок службы композитной реставрации может превышать 15 лет вне зависимости от типа композитного материала и адгезивной системы.

In the prevention oforal diseases, dental hygienic status, proper oral hygiene, the proper choice ofmeans and methodsfor performing hygienic dental activities are essential. However, even among future doctors, the hygienic state of the oral cavity leaves much to be desired. Basic knowledge of oral hygiene and the principles ofprevention ofdental diseases are necessary for physicians of various specialties, since there is often a relationship between dental diseases and diseases of other organs and systems of the body. The article gives an assessment of the hygienic status of students of different courses and identifies the sources that they use to gain knowledge on oral care.

Comparison of different interdental aids efficiency in patients with healthy periodontium.A non-randomized controlled split-mouth study was carried out in 25 young adults with healthy periodontium. The mouth was divided into 4 quadrants. All the participants used manual toothbrush. Additional hygienic aids included SPS prime (Curaprox) interdental in quadrant 1 brushes, dental floss (Curaprox) in quadrant 2, unituft toothbrush (Curaprox) in quadrant 3, no interdental aids were used in quadrant 4. The oral hygiene efficiency was assessed after 4 weeks with Silness-Loe Plaque Index (PI) and Rustogi et al. Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI).After 4 weeks the mean value of PI decreased from 1.2±0.27 to 0.7±0.28, the mean value of RMNPI decreased from 0.7±0.11 to 0.5±0.16. At the primary examination, there was no statistically significant difference of PI and RMNPI values between the quadrants. After 4 weeks, ANOVA test demonstrated significant difference between the quadrants. The minimal PI and RMNPI values were determined in quadrant 1 (0.4±0.16 and 0.3±0.11, respectively). The maximal PI and RMNPI values were determined in quadrant 4 (1.0±0.21 and 0.6±0.14, respectively). There was no significant difference between quadrants 2 and 3.In limitations of this study, the maximal oral hygiene efficiency was achieved with use of manual toothbrush combined with interdental brush.Цель исследования - сравнение эффективности использования различных средств интердентальной гигиены полости рта у пациентов со здоровым пародонтом. Материал и методы. Было проведено контролируемое split-mouth-исследование с участием 25 человек. Всеми пациентами в качестве основного средства гигиены использовалась зубная щетка, в первом квадранте дополнительно использовались интердентальные ершики Curaprox CPS Prime, во втором - флосс Curaprox, в третьем - монопучковая щетка Curaprox 1006, в четвертом квадранте интердентальные средства не использовались. Результаты оценивали через 4 нед с помощью индексов Silness-Loe и Navy-Rustogi. Результаты. Через 4 нед после начала исследования отмечено статистически значимое снижение средних значений гигиенических индексов: индекса Silness-Loe - с 1,2±0,27 до 0,7±0,28, индекса Navy-Rustogi - c 0,7±0,11 до 0,5±0,16. Минимальные значения индексов Silness-Loe и Navy-Rustogi были зарегистрированы в квадранте 1 (0,4±0,16 и 0,3±0,11 соответственно), максимальные - в квадранте 4 (1,0±0,21 и 0,6±0,14 соответственно). Достоверного различия между квадрантами 2 и 3 выявлено не было. Заключение. Максимальная эффективность гигиены полости рта достигается при использовании интердентальных ершиков в сочетании с мануальной зубной щеткой.

The aim of this study was to conduct literature review about oral manifestations of scleroderma. Systemic sclerosis is a multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by widespread fibrosis, vascular alterations and inflammation. Systemic sclerosis mainly affects people in age from 30 to 50 years, but the onset of disease can occur in any age. The disturbance of microcirculation with the activation and proliferation of endothelium and smooth muscle cells plays an important role in pathogenesis of sclerodrma. These changes lead to sclerosis and fibrosis of various part in human body. Orofacial manifestations of scleroderma include: reduced mouth opening, widening of periodontal ligament, teleangiectasia, bone lesions. Systemic scleroderma is often accompanied by Sjogren's syndrome. Oral manifestations of Sjogren's syndrome are recurrent parotitis, angular cheilitis, xerostomia and multiple caries. Sjogren's syndrome leads to negative impact on patients health and mental status. Orofacial manifestations of systemic sclerosis are still poorly known, that is why more researches should be made to improve dental treatment of patients with systemic sclerosis.Статья посвящена обзору литературы, касающейся оценки стоматологического статуса пациентов с ССД. ССД - системное аутоиммунное заболевание, характеризующееся генерализованным фиброзом и сосудистой патологией. Заболевают преимущественно лица 30-50 лет, хотя начало заболевания возможно в любом возрасте. Важным звеном патогенеза ССД является нарушение микроциркуляции с активацией и пролиферацией эндотелия и гладкомышечных клеток. Нарушение кровотока на уровне микроциркуляторного русла обусловливает клиническую картину заболевания, проявляющуюся склерозированием и фиброзом разных органов. ССД имеет характерные проявления в челюстно-лицевой области: сужение ротовой щели, расширение периодонтальной щели, телеангиоэктазия, поражения костной ткани. Нередко ССД сопровождается синдромом Шегрена. Клиническими проявлениями синдрома Шегрена в полости рта являются: рецидивирующий паротит, сухость губ, ангулярный хейлит, ксеростомия и множественный кариес, приводящий к быстрой потере зубов. Присоединение синдрома Шегрена значительно ухудшает качество жизни пациентов с ССД. Особенности стоматологического статуса у пациентов с ССД все еще мало изучены, что затрудняет детальное уточнение патогенеза ССД, которое позволило бы разработать обоснованные меры профилактики и лечения.

Efficiency assessment of Granulotec (PD) endodontic sealer for root canal permanent obturation in patients with apical granuloma basing on clinical and radiological data.Endodontic treatment of 35 teeth with apical granuloma was performed in 22 patients with root canal obturation by means of lateral condensation with Granulotec sealer. Bone remodeling in periapical area has been estimated in 1, 3, 6 and 8 months with PAI index.Endodontic post-operative pain has been observed in 5 (14.3%) cases of 35, pain duration varied 1 to 5 days, NSAIDs use hasn't been required. During observation period 2 teeth have been excluded from the test group (one case of periapical abscess with sinus tract and one case periapical abscess without sinus tract). In the end of observation period complete bone remodeling was observed in 30 cases, the periapical lesion size significant reduction was achieved in 2 cases, periapical lesion stabilization - in 1 case. The overall success rate was 91.4%. The mean PAI value decreased from 4.2±0.2 to 1.4±0.2.The Granulotec (PD) use for one visit chronic apical periodontitis treatment allows achieving positive results with low complications risk.Цель исследования - провести анализ эффективности применения препарата Granulotec (PD) для постоянной обтурации корневых каналов у пациентов с диагнозом 'апикальная гранулема' на основе данных клинико-рентгенологических методов исследования. Материал и методы. Было проведено эндодонтическое лечение 35 зубов с диагнозом 'апикальная гранулема' у 22 пациентов. Пломбирование корневых каналов осуществлялось в одно посещение методом латеральной конденсации с материалом Granulotec (PD). Результаты лечения оценивали рентгенологически в сроки 1, 3, 6 и 8 мес с использованием периапикального индекса PAI. Результаты. Боли после эндодонтического лечения наблюдались в 5 (14,3%) случаях из 35, продолжительность болевого синдрома варьировала от 1 до 5 дней, приема анальгетиков не требовалось. В течение срока наблюдения из группы было исключено 2 зуба (в одном случае развился периапикальный абсцесс со свищом, в 1 случае - периапикальный абсцесс без свища). В конце срока наблюдения полное восстановление костной ткани произошло в 30 случаях, значительное уменьшение размера очага деструкции - в 2 случаях, стабилизация очага - в 1 случае. Таким образом, эффективность лечения хронического периодонтита с использованием пломбировочного материала Granulotec (PD) составила 91,4%. Среднее значение индекса PAI снизилось с 4,2±0,2 до 1,4±0,2. Заключение. Использование препарата Granulotec (PD) для лечения хронического периодонтита в одно посещение позволяет добиться положительных результатов при низком риске развития осложнений.

Crystals of the CuCr2Se4 ferromagnetic spinel and spinel-based solid solutions are shown to form in glass-forming alloys of the Cu2Se-As2Se3-Cr2Se3-Se system containing Cr2Se3 at a content greater than 0.005 mole fractions. The crystalline phases are identified by the magnetochemical method (from the Curie temperatures) and X-ray diffraction analysis. According to electron microscopy, the crystal sizes are equal to several micrometers. IR irradiation of the samples in a magnetic field leads to an increase in the magnetization. The excess magnetization disappears after the external magnetic field is removed.

Effect on cariogenic flora is the key toremineralizing therapy efficacy in treatment of initial caries (at the white spot stage). Ozone in dentistry is used as a highly effective antibacterial agent. Treatment of white spot lesions with the ozone-air mixture leads to significant increase of efficacy in non-invasive treatment of initial caries.clinical and microbiological assessment of antibacterial efficacy of ozone therapy in treatment of caries at the white spot stage.The trial recruited 86 patients for non-invasive treatment of caries at the white spot stage which included the complex of professional oral hygiene, medicamental treatment of white spot lesions with hydrogen peroxide 3% and chlorhexidinedigluconate 0,2%, treatment with the ozone-air mixture and application of hydroxyapatite Са2+. Material for microbiological study was received before the treatment, after the complex of professional oral hygiene and medicamental treatment of white spot lesions conducted as well as after the treatment with the ozone-air mixture.Before the treatment up to 16 kinds of microorganisms on the surface of white spot lesion were detected with the following shares: S. mutans (19.9%), S. salivarius (15.1%), S. epidermidis (8.7%), S. mitis (6.5%), Lactobacillus (6.5%) and different kinds of staphylococci (10.8%). After the complex of professional oral hygiene and medicamental treatment conducted decrease in number of cariogenic microorganisms was indicated as follows: S. mutans - from 1·105 to 1·104, S. salivarius - from 1·107 to 1·106, S. epidermidis - from 1·105 to 1·104, S. mitis - from 1·104 to 1·103, Lactobacillus - from 1·104 tо 1·103. After the treatment of tooth enamel with the ozone-air mixture increase in microorganisms was not observed. The efficacy of ozone on cariogenic microorganisms exceeds significantly the efficacy of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 0,2% chlorhexidinedigluconate.It is strongly advisable to include ozone in protocol of non-invasive treatment of initial dental caries.Залогом эффективности реминерализационной терапии начального кариеса (в стадии белого пятна) является воздействие на кариесогенную флору. Медицинский озон с высокой эффективностью используется в стоматологии в качестве антибактериального средства. Обработка поверхности белого кариозного пятна озоно-воздушной смесью позволяет повысить эффективность неинвазивного лечения начального кариеса. Цель исследования - клинико-микробиологическая оценка антибактериальной эффективности медицинского озона при лечении кариеса в стадии белого пятна. Материал и методы. В рамках исследования проведено неинвазивное лечение кариеса в стадии белого пятна у 86 пациентов: профессиональная гигиена полости рта, медикаментозная обработка поверхности пятна растворами 3% пероксида водорода и 0,2% хлоргексидина биглюконата, обработка поверхности пятна озоно-воздушной смесью и аппликация гидроксиапатита Са2+. Забор материала для микробиологического исследования проводился до начала лечения, после проведения профессиональной гигиены и медикаментозной обработки поверхности пятна, а также после обработки озоно-воздушной смесью. Результаты. До начала лечения на поверхности кариозного пятна было обнаружено до 16 видов микроорганизмов. Больше всего было Streptococcus mutans (19,9%), S. salivarius (15,1%), S. epidermidis (8,7%), S. mitis (6,5%), лактобактерии (6,5%) и стафилококков (10,8%). После профессиональной гигиены полости рта и медикаментозной обработки отмечено снижение количества кариесогенных микроорганизмов в среднем на порядок: S. mutans - с 1·105 до 1·104, S. salivarius - с 1·107 до 1·106, S. epidermidis - с 1·105 до 1·104, S. mitis - с 1·104 до 1·103, лактобактерии - с 1·104 до 1·103. После обработки поверхности эмали озоно-воздушной смесью роста микроорганизмов не наблюдали. Выводы. Эффективность медицинского озона в отношении кариесогенных микроорганизмов значительно превышает эффективность 3% пероксида водорода и 0,2% хлоргексидина биглюконата. Заключение. Целесообразно включение медицинского озона в протокол неинвазивного лечения начального кариеса зубов.

The transport properties of vitreous solid electrolytes in the Ag2Se-GeSe1.5 system have been investigated. The transport numbers of the silver ions at a temperature of 100°C are determined by the electromotive force (emf) technique.

The products formed during thermolysis of organosilicon polymers containing unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds have been studied within the temperature range 20–1700°C by means of XRD, 13C and 29Si MAS NMR, and Raman spectroscopy. These products are distinguished by their structural instability. A continuous evolution of the products formed during organic–inorganic thermal transformation involves (i) ordering of the local surroundings of silicon atoms, the formation of a silicon carbide crystalline phase, and the transition from β to α and (ii) consumption of carbon for the completion of silicon carbide formation, carbon phase formation, and ordering.

Dissociation of structural units in glass-forming chalcogenide melts is discussed for three different types of glasses: As2S3, AsSI and Ga2S3–GeS2–AgX (X=Cl, Br, I). The process of dissociation was studied by means of chemical analysis, extraction, Raman and IR-spectroscopy and by investigation of crystallization products. The degree of dissociation in vitreous As2S3 was established as the transformation of AsS3/2 into As4S4 and SS2/2. In the case of AsSI, calculations were performed for the transformation of structural units AsS2/2I into AsS3/2 and AsI3. It was found that the degree of dissociation of structural units in As2S3 and AsSI depends upon the temperature of synthesis and the cooling rate of the liquid. In a glass-forming system Ga2S3–GeS2–AgX, the fixed equilibrium of halogen exchange is supposed to occur according to the relationship: GeS4/2+Ga2S3+AgX=GeS(4−x)/2Xx+AgGaS2 (1≤x≥4). The degree of completeness of this reaction is connected with the compositions of structural units and the halogen. The results obtained are discussed, together with thermodynamic data concerning heat of formation for different compounds in the systems under investigation.

An x-ray structural investigation of four permethylcyclocarbosilanes, whose heterocycles are formed by −Si−CH2−CH2−, −Si−CH=CH−, and −Si−C≡C− fragments, has been carried out. Strong distortions of some bond lengths and bond angles (caused by the shortness of the Si...Si distances between the neighboring Si atoms and the absence of intermolecular contancts with the participation of atoms of the heterocycles), which attest to statistical disordering of the molecules in the crystals, whose character could be established unequivocally for three of the compounds, have been observed in all the structures.

Dodecamethylcyclohexasilethene (Me2SiCHCH)6 (1) was synthesized by autohydrosilylation of HMe2SiCCH in a tetrahydrofuran solution in the presence of H2PtCl6 under high dilution. An analogous reaction of Me2Si(CCH)2 or E-HCCMe2SiCHCHSiMe2CCH with E,E-Me2Si(CHCHSiMe2H)2 gave octamethylcyclotetrasilethene (Me2SiCHCH)4 (2) and decamethylcyclopentasilethene (Me2SiCHCH)5 (3) respectively. The X-ray structure of 3 is presented.

The effect of metal admixtures on the structure and imperfections of chalcogenide glassy semiconductors is investigated for Ga admixture in GeSe4 glass. Information is obtained by the positron annihilation technique. A microcrystalline phase in glass under doping at low admixture concentrations (about 0.01 at %) is indicated. The characteristic sizes of microinclusions and the amount of admixture atoms they contain are estimated. New aspects of the earlier interpretation (on the basis of the "induction effect") of the doping effect on electrophysical properties of glass are found.