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We study the local repulsion between critical points of a stationary isotropic smooth planar Gaussian field. We show that the critical points can experience a soft repulsion which is maximal in the case of the random planar wave model, or a soft attraction of arbitrary high order. If the type of critical points is specified (extremum, saddle point), the points experience a hard local repulsion, that we quantify with the precise magnitude of the second factorial moment of the number of points in a small ball.

The main limitation in 3D face recognition (FR) systems is their susceptibility to scanning difficulties and uncontrolled environments such as pose, illumination and expression variety. This paper proposes a new FR framework based on 3D to 2D mesh deforming and combined Gabor curvature and edge maps. The advantage of this method comes from the powerful saliency distribution achieved from applying extended Gabor wavelets to 2D projected face meshes. The extracted feature vectors are classified using the outstanding robustness of the support vector machine. Experiments carried out on common databases proved that valid accuracy rates can be accomplished by the proposed approach comparing to other existing methods.

This paper suggests a new system for the automated detection of road signs. This driver assistance system detects traffic signs that have a red border with different shapes (circular, triangular, hexagonal). So, our approach relies on Support Vector Machines (SVM) implementation for road signs detection supported by feature extraction technique supported employment of a range of filters from Gabor that simplifies the recognition of interest's points in our database. On the other hand, our approach has been improved on the Edited Shuffled Frogs Leaping Algorithm (ESFLA) optimisation technique that helps in road signs detection and this technique is termed Gabor-ESFLA-SVM. This strategy ensures an intelligent recognition system. The obtained results show that this optimised classification provides higher results compared to the previous dual classification Gabor-SVM and other research works published in a few articles.

This manuscript introduces a novel 3D face authentication system inspired from the advantageous capacities of Gabor-Edge filters. The approach studies 3D face difficulties such as expression variety, different rotations and exposure to illuminations. The proposed systems starts by preprocessing the 3D face images to resolve acquisition problems. Then, a filtering process is performed by implanting our 3D Gabor-Edge technique extended based on the classic 3D Gabor masks. The next step is to achieve the classification of facial features from the edge saliency by the artificial Neural Network Classifier (NNC). The evaluation of the adopted system is achieved by exporting common datasets from GavabDB database. Experimental results are reported to prove the high accuracy rates of our method compared to the recent researches in the same biometric field.

The steganography is the art of hidden; its main aim is to pass unnoticed data in another data. There are many types of data that used in steganography, such as message, image, and video. In this work, we are interested in hiding a message inside an image. Our work focuses on the study of three approaches based on least significant bit (LSB) techniques that mean put the bits of the message in the least significant bits in each pixel of the image. Moreover, we propose an improved approach for LSB-based image steganography. In this approach, we reduce the length of hidden message by Deflate algorithm which is a lossless data compression algorithm that combines the LZ77 algorithm and the Huffman algorithm. Another important characteristic of our approach is to protect the reduced hidden data by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm. Our experiment results show that our improved approach is most effective compared to existing approaches.

The partitioning of an image into several constituent components is called image segmentation. Many approaches have been developed; one of them is the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which is widely used. PSO algorithm is one of the most recent stochastic optimization strategies. In this article, a new efficient technique for the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain images segmentation thematic based on PSO is proposed. The proposed algorithm presents an improved variant of PSO, which is particularly designed for optimal segmentation and it is called modified particle swarm optimization. The fitness function is used to evaluate all the particle swarm in order to arrange them in a descending order. The algorithm is evaluated by performance measures such as run time execution and the quality of the image after segmentation. The performance of the segmentation process is demonstrated by using a defined set of benchmark images and compared against conventional PSO, genetic algorithm, and PSO with Mahalanobis distance based segmentation methods. Then we applied our method on MRI brain image to determinate normal and pathological tissues. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 265–271, 2013

We propose a robust method for 3D face recognition using 3D to 2D modeling and facial curvatures detection. The 3D-2D algorithm permits to transform 3D images into 3D triangular mesh, then the mesh model is deformed and fitted to the 2D space in order to obtain a 2D smoother mesh. Then, we apply Gabor wavelets to the deformed model in order to exploit surface curves in the detection of salient face features. The classification of the final Gabor facial model is performed using the support vector machines (SVM). To demonstrate the quality of our technique, we give some experiments using the 3D AJMAL faces database. The experimental results prove that the proposed method is able to give a good recognition quality and a high accuracy rate.

Resume Les carcinomes epidermoides (NPC) sont frequemment indifferencies de type UCNT (undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal type) et ont une incidence variable, intermediaire pour le Maghreb et le Bassin mediterraneen, tres elevee pour l’Asie du Sud-Est et faible (

We present a comparative analysis of cell-mediated immunity between circulating lymphocytes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Phenotypic analysis using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to define lymphocytic subsets has revealed a selective homing of phenotypically lytic cells such as CD8- and CD16-positive cells, but a low percentage of macrophages when compared to PBL of NPC patients. Also, PBL and TIL contain an equivalent percentage of activated T-lymphocytes expressing HLA-DR molecules and IL-2 receptors. Functionally, TIL exhibit an abolished NK-cell activity and concomitant decrease of proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation when compared with PBL.

El cancer de la nasofaringe, en el que predomina el carcinoma epidermoide, sobre todo de tipo indiferenciado (CNFTI), tiene una incidencia variable, que es intermedia en el Magreb y la cuenca mediterranea, muy elevada en el sudeste asiatico y baja (

I tumori del rinofaringe, in cui spiccano in particolare i carcinomi epidermoidi indifferenziati di tipo undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal type (UCNT), hanno un’incidenza variabile, intermedia per il Maghreb e il bacino del Mediterraneo, molto alta per il Sud-Est asiatico e bassa ( early antigen » (EA) e «viral capsid antigen» (VCA). Per il cancro del rinofaringe sono state messe in evidenza alterazioni genetiche a livello dei geni oncosoppressori nelle regioni dei cromosomi 3p, 9p, 11q, 13q, 14q e 16q. I marcatori sierici piu attendibili sono il Cyfra 21 e i livelli dell’acido desossiribonucleico (DNA) sierico. I segni evocatori piu frequenti sono la presenza di adenopatie cervicali, di sintomi otologici oppure rinologici. La valutazione della lesione si basa sulla rinoscopia con biopsia della neoplasia, sulla diagnostica per immagini con tomografia e risonanza magnetica cerebrocervicale e sulla valutazione della ricerca di metastasi. I tumori del rinofaringe sono stadiati secondo la classificazione tumor-nodes-metastases (TNM)-Unione internazionale contro il cancro (UICC) 2002, che ha un valore prognostico e di orientamento terapeutico. La radioterapia resta il trattamento di riferimento locoregionale, con un beneficio in termini di sopravvivenza globale e senza malattia dell’aggiunta della chemioterapia prima o contemporaneamente nelle forme ad alto rischio di metastasi (N3, T3-4). La prognosi dipende soprattutto dal volume della massa locoregionale (T e N) come anche dalla risposta alla chemio- e radioterapia.

Objectifs Caracteristiques cliniques, radiologiques et histologiques des tumeurs malignes survenant sur une thyroide linguale ainsi que leur traitement. Materiel et methodes Nous rapportons le cas d’un carcinome papillo-vesiculaire survenu sur une thyroide linguale surnumeraire. Resultats La tumeur linguale a provoque une dysphagie et une douleur cervicale, par obstruction de l’oropharynx. Une pharyngotomie par voie trans-hyoidienne a permis une bonne resection des lesions. Par ailleurs, la glande thyroide eutopique etait en place, en position pre-tracheale, indemne de toute proliferation tumorale. Conclusions La survenue d’un carcinome sur une thyroide linguale est une situation tres rare. Son diagnostic est avant tout histologique. Son traitement est chirurgical associe a une iratherapie.

Annales Francaises d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de pathologie cervico-faciale - Vol. 123 - N° 3 - p. 115-119

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) represents an interesting model in the field of head and neck cancers. This cancer is rare in occidental countries (

Resume Objectifs. – Le carcinome epidermoide hypopharynge est associe a l’un des pronostics les plus defavorables des cancers de la sphere ORL. L’objectif de ce travail etait d’analyser ses modalites therapeutiques a l’institut Salah-Azaiz (Tunis) et de comparer leurs resultats. Patients et methodes. – Cette etude retrospective porte sur 271 carcinomes epidermoides de l’hypopharynx, colliges au service de chirurgie carcinologique cervicofaciale et ORL de l’institut Salah-Azaiz sur une periode de 25 ans (1977 a 2002). L’âge moyen des patients etait de 56 ans ; le sex-ratio etait en moyenne de 1,2 (homme/femme). L’indication d’un traitement a visee curative a ete initialement retenue pour 149 (55 %) patients, qui ont ete les seuls retenus pour l’analyse des resultats. Resultats. – Nous avons retenu l’indication d’un protocole incluant chirurgie et radiotherapie postoperatoire pour 26,2 % des patients. Le taux de mortalite postoperatoire etait de 5,1 % ; le taux de morbidite operatoire etait de 46,2 %. Pour 13,5 % des patients, la radiotherapie postoperatoire a ete definitivement interrompue en raison d’une alteration progressive de l’etat general en cours de traitement. Nous avons pose l’indication d’une radiotherapie exclusive pour 59,7 % des patients. L’âge moyen etait de 56 ans et le sex-ratio de 1,2. La telecobaltotherapie externe etait delivree en fractionnement et etalement classiques. La radiotherapie a du etre definitivement interrompue en cours de realisation dans 32,6 % des cas devant une aggravation de l’etat general ; le taux de morbidite liee a la radiotherapie etait de 33,3 %. Un protocole de conservation d’organe avec chimiotherapie neoadjuvante a ete propose a 21 patients (14,1 %). L’âge moyen etait de 53 ans (28 a 65 ans) et le sex-ratio (homme/femme) de 0,5. Le taux de survie globale etait de 25,5 % a un an, 18,1 % a deux ans, 11,4 % a trois ans et 7,4 % a cinq ans. Tous les patients a qui a ete proposee une chimiotherapie sont decedes en cours de traitement. Les taux de survie a deux et a cinq ans des patients traites par chirurgie et irradiation et par irradiation exclusive etaient respectivement de 21,5 et 12 %, et 18,3 et 10 %. La difference de survie entre ces deux populations therapeutiques n’etait pas significative (p = 0,08). Conclusion. – Tandis que la chimiotherapie neoadjuvante apparait dans notre serie comme grevee d’une lourde mortalite, l’association chirurgie–radiotherapie et la radiotherapie exclusive semblent d’une efficacite similaire dans le traitement du carcinome hypopharynge.

Resume Objectifs. – Le carcinome epidermoide hypopharynge est associe a un pronostic defavorable, auquel l’envahissement ganglionnaire cervical et les metastases a distance contribuent. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer la frequence, le mode et la signification pronostique de ses metastases regionales et a distance. Patients et methodes. – Les auteurs rapportent une etude retrospective portant sur 271 carcinomes epidermoides de l’hypopharynx, colliges au service de chirurgie carcinologique cervicofaciale et ORL de l’institut Salah-Azaiz de 1977 a 2002. La frequence et les caracteres histocliniques des metastases regionales et a distance ont ete evalues, ainsi que leur signification pronostique chez les 155 patients traites dans un but curatif. Resultats. – 39,1 % des cancers etaient classes N0, 24,4 % N1, 10,7 % N2 et 25,8 % N3 (UICC 2002). Les adenopathies cervicales etaient significativement plus frequentes pour les tumeurs classees T3T4 que pour les T1T2 (soit, pour les tumeurs des sinus piriformes, celles de la region retrocricoarytenoidienne, celles de la paroi posterieure et celles etendues de l’hypopharynx, respectivement : p = 0,001, p = 0,007, p = 0,047, et p = 0,0005). Trente-deux patients ont beneficie d’un evidement ganglionnaire cervical. Parmi ceux dont le cancer a ete classe N0, il a ete trouve 46,9 % d’atteintes ganglionnaire (N+) ; les frequences de la rupture capsulaire n’etaient pas significativement differentes pour les cancers classes N0N1 et pour ceux qui etaient N2N3 ( p = 0,11). Les taux de survie globale a deux et a cinq ans etaient respectivement de 32,5 et 20,5 % pour les patients dont la tumeur etait classee N0, 10,9 et 0 % si elle etait N3. Les differences de taux de survie a deux et a cinq ans entre les patients dont la tumeur etait N0N1 et ceux dont elle etait N2N3 etaient significatives ( p = 0,04). Un echec ganglionnaire cervical a ete constate chez 18,5 % des patients. Le site tumoral n’influencait pas significativement le taux d’echec ganglionnaire ( p = 0,98), non plus que le statut clinique N ( p = 0,34). La rupture capsulaire etait un facteur significatif de prediction d’un echec ganglionnaire ( p = 0,007). Le taux de dissemination metastatique a distance etait de 2,6 % au premier examen, et secondairement de 12,3 %. Les metastases a distance etaient significativement plus frequentes chez les patients dont le cancer etait initialement classe N2N3 que chez ceux dont il etait N0N1 ( p = 0,03), ainsi qu’en cas de rupture capsulaire ( p = 0,0009). Conclusion. – Le carcinome epidermoide de l’hypopharynx est caracterise par une grande lymphophilie, qui est liee a l’extension locale, et par la grande frequence des metastases ganglionnaires occultes. Le statut clinique ganglionnaire ne semble pas influencer la probabilite de survie ; cependant, la rupture capsulaire constitue un facteur de prediction d’un echec ganglionnaire cervical et de metastases a distance. Les metastases a distance sont frequentes, particulierement en cas de tumeur etendue aux plans local ou regional, et la probabilite de survie est dans ce cas nulle a un an.

Objectif Repertorier les seconds cancers observes au niveau de la tete et du cou apres traitement par chimiotherapie et/ou radiotherapie pour un carcinome indifferencie du cavum en Tunisie. Patients et methodes C’est une etude retrospective des dossiers des patients ayant developpe une tumeur secondaire (TS) apres traitement d’un carcinome indifferencie du cavum. Pour etre retenue dans cette etude, la tumeur secondaire doit etre d’histologie differente de l’UCNT initial, localisee dans le champ d’irradiation et survenant apres un delai minimum de 3 ans. Resultats Sur une serie de 2 346 patients traites de 1984 a 2001 a Tunis, Sousse et Sfax, nous avons observe 11 tumeurs secondaires, soit une frequence de 0,46 %. Les patients avaient ete traites pour des UCNT du cavum en majorite etendus T3-T4 (72 %) ou N2-N3 (63 %). L’âge median etait de 20 ans (11 a 48). Le sex-ratio etait de 0,3 (3 H/8 F). Le protocole therapeutique avait comporte une association de chimiotherapie et de radiotherapie dans 8 cas et une radiotherapie seule dans 3 cas. La chimiotherapie etait premiere dans 4 cas combinant adriamycine (40-90 mg/m2)-cisplatine (100 mg/m2) et adjuvante a la radiotherapie dans 4 cas. La dose moyenne de radiotherapie etait de 72 Gy (70 a 75). Le delai median de survenue des TS etait de 9 ans (3 a 17). Il s’agissait de carcinomes epidermoides bien differencies des VADS dans 4 cas, de fibrosarcomes cervico-mandibulaires (2 cas), osteosarcomes du massif facial (2 cas), d’un glioblastome temporal et de deux carcinomes basocellulaires du nez et de la tempe. Le traitement de la tumeur secondaire a comporte une chirurgie seule dans 4 cas et une chimiotherapie seule dans 7 cas. Aucun des patients n’a ete reirradie. La survie mediane etait de 17 mois, 4 patients sont decedes, et 7 sont vivants dont 4 en remission (24+, 36, 36 et 48+ mois) et 3 en evolution tumorale (8, 16 et 18 mois). Conclusion Les tumeurs secondaires apres traitement du cancer du cavum sont rares mais de mauvais pronosticn, justifiant leur detection et leur depistage.

This paper presents a novel optimal algorithm for MRI brain tumor recognition. To do this, we use the newly developed meta-heuristic MSFLA (Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm). Otherwise, a suitable choice of the fitness function ensures faster time of research with greater chance of convergence to the optimal value. The calculation of the used fitness function is linked to the image. The image must be scanned to calculate this function. For this, this function assists to quickly discover the adequate area modeling the tumor. Computer simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the developed algorithm.

Secondary tumours to radio- and/or chemotherapy have rarely been reported after treatment for head and neck cancers. We report a case of mandibular fibrosarcoma observed 7 years after chemoradiotherapy for undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a patient treated when 20 years old.

Resume Objectif de l’etude. – Rapporter les aspects cliniques et les resultats therapeutiques dans une serie tunisienne de lymphomes primitifs nasosinusiens. Patients et methodes. – Notre etude retrospective a porte sur les cas de lymphomes primitifs nasosinusiens histologiquement confirmes, diagnostiques et traites a l’nstitut Salah Azaiz de 1975 a 1997. Le bilan initial a comporte : examen clinique general et ORL, des examens biologiques (numeration et formule sanguine, vitesse de sedimentation, dosage de la LDH), une echographie abdominale, une biopsie medullaire et une tomodensitometrie du massif facial depuis 1985. Nous avons procede a une relecture des lames histologiques. Le protocole etait base sur la radiotherapie avec ou sans chimiotherapie. Resultats. – Nous avons collige les dossiers de 22 hommes et trois femmes (sex-ratio = 7). L’âge moyen etait de 48 ans (extremes : 18–78 ans) et le delai moyen entre le premier symptome et la premiere consultation de quatre mois. Le symptome le plus frequent etait represente par l’obstruction nasale (65 %), plus rarement une epistaxis (40 %) ou une rhinorrhee (20 %). L’examen ORL a retrouve dans 20 % des cas une tumeur des fosses nasales, bourgeonnante et unilaterale dans 80 % des cas et associee a une adenopathie cervicale dans 25 %. Les lymphomes etaient de haut grade dans 60 % des cas et localises (stade IE) chez 60 % des patients. Tous les lymphomes de stade IE de bas grade ont ete traites par irradiation exclusive alors que l’association de radiotherapie et de chimiotherapie a ete utilisee pour les lymphomes de stade plus avance (huit patients). Le taux de survie actuarielle a cinq ans etait de 69 % pour toute la population avec un pronostic favorable pour les lymphomes de stade IE et ceux de bas grade de malignite. Conclusion. – La radiotherapie reste le traitement standard des lymphomes primitifs nasosinusiens localises de stade IE. Dans les stades plus avances ou avec les tumeurs volumineuses, l’association therapeutique represente la meilleure option therapeutique a l’instar des autres lymphomes de la sphere ORL.

Support vector machine (SVM) is a popular method of learning classification with lots of applications. In this work, we extend SVM to recognize the appearance of tumors in MR brain image. Parameterization of the kernel in SVM learning procedure, along selecting features, influences the accuracy of the recognition and increases the computational effect. For this, a Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) based approach for feature selection of the SVM, termed SFLA-SVM, is developed. To demonstrate the quality of our technique, we give some experiments on MR brain images.

In this work, we bring to light a novel face recognition (FR) system based on modified shuffled frog leaping algorithm (MSFLA) blended to Gabor wavelets. This new approach operates straightly on feature extraction and selection stages by providing the most propitious Gabor representations of a face image. While many researchers are seeking to find better parameterisation for Gabor filters, we introduce our evolutionary MSFLA-Gabor prototype combined to support vector machine (SVM) classifier as a robust contribution in the face biometric field. Primarily, we start by highlighting the impressive quality insured by Gabor filters in salient point extraction. Next, we present the potential dynamism of metaheuristic MSFLA in enhancing feature selection as well as up grading SVM classifier performance. Then, our optimised MSFLA-Gabor-SVM algorithm is tested on three databases under varied facial expressions, illuminations and poses. The experimental results have shown higher recognition rates and lower computational complexity scores than previous techniques.

This paper outlines efficient hardware architecture of detection of bacteria and alga in microscopic images, using Xilinx System Generator (XSG). XSG is a high-level design tool based on blocks. It gives bit and cycle accurate simulation. The approach of detection used is the Hough transform. The latter is a very efficient approach of location of parametric curves in an image, especially lines. System was implemented on Virtex-V FPGA. To demonstrate the quality of the system, some experiments on microscopic images are given.

Oral tongue cancer remains an aggressive tumour in Tunisia, and patients often present with locally advanced disease, leading to high mortality. The molecular pathway of its tumorigenesis is not yet understood. This study aimed to assess the biologic significance of p53, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), Ki67, and CD34 and their influence on survival in patients with tongue cancer.Archival tissues from 68 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were examined for p53, Hsp70, Ki67, and CD34 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with 5-year survival.p53 and Ki-67 were detected in 55% and 77% of tumours, respectively; a significant association between p53 and Ki67 expression was found (p = .038). Forty-seven percent of cases of tongue cancer expressed Hsp70, and only 9% of tumours expressed CD34 angiogenic factor. No significant correlation was noted between survival and expression of p53, Hsp70, Ki67, and CD34 in patients.None of the markers p53, Hsp70, Ki67, and CD34 demonstrated prognostic significance for 5-year survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

Nowadays, the resolution of the image characterisation problem is a very active and developed research field. Various applications areas were processed such as robotics and autonomous systems, computer vision, map processing and medical imaging. Pre-processing, segmentation, recognition and classification are the main areas of study. Multilevel segmentation of Benchmark images is our application field in this study. It is used to separate the original image into regions with common characteristics of an interesting viewing quality and a fast time execution. The purpose is to automatically determine the optimal threshold values based between-class variance maximisation. The choice of the already used method essentially depends on the quantitative characteristics. We note the optimal threshold values, the minimum CPU processing time and the stability of the proposed fitness function. Likewise, qualitatively results are required. The principle aim of this paper is to propose a new PSO algorithm for multilevel segmentation based on a novel fitness function and modified inertia component to find the optimal thresholds. Experimental results applied on a set of benchmarks images have been proven efficiencies and advantages in multilevel compared to other metaheuristics such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), Otsu method, Conventional PSO and Fractional-Order Darwinian PSO (DPSO).

Feature extraction from images is an important stage for a recognition system. In this paper, we propose hardware architecture for the extraction of textural features from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) based on Gabor filter. The strength of Gabor filters in image processing is the similarity of their frequency and orientation representations to those of the human visual system. They are appropriate for texture representation and discrimination. The present architecture is developed using the Xilinx System Generator (XSG) and is implemented on Virtex-V Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The implementation of our method on FPGA gives it the advantages of portability and real time extraction. The performances of the proposed method are demonstrated using a set of medical images.

As apoptosis and necrosis are known to exist during experimental goiter development and involution, we studied them in ten Tunisian multinodular endemic goiters, five of them having received a chronic excess of iodine during six months. Apoptotic thyrocyte nuclei have been counted on hematoxylin-eosin stained semi-thin sections. Using immunoperoxidase on paraffin sections, bcl-2 and bax immunoreactivities have been evidenced, and CD34 positive microvessels counted; ultra-thin sections have also been observed. After six months of iodine overload, apoptotic thyrocytes were ten times more numerous; CD34 positive endothelial cells were diminished by one half bcl-2 immunoreactivity disappeared in thyrocytes and a bax one appeared in thyroid follicular and endothelial cells. Presence of numerous apoptotic follicular and endothelial cells was confirmed using electron microscopy. Chronic iodine excess induces apoptosis and necrosis of thyroid follicular and endothelial cells, leading to thyroglobulin accumulation in connective tissue.

Using serologic and molecular methods, 45 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients were typed for HLA class I and class II and were compared to 100 unrelated normal Tunisians. Our results showed that the antigen frequency of HLA-B13 and allelic frequencies of DRB1*03, DRB1*15 were significantly higher in the NPC patients than in the control group (15.5 vs. 4; 26.4 vs. 11.5, and 14.4 vs. 6.5%, respectively) probably indicating a positive association with NPC. Moreover, we observed that HLA-A23 was absent in our NPC sample and was present in 18% of normal controls, and HLA-DRB1*11 was less frequent among the patients compared to the controls (5.5 vs. 14%) suggesting a protective effect of this association with NPC.

The aim of this retrospective study is to detennine prognostic factors for response to CT and survival, in patients (pts) treated with neoadjuvant CT and radiotherapy (RT) for locoregionally advanced non-metastatic NPC. From February 1988 to December 1992, 100 untreated pts received 3 courses of CT regimen with Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 Day l and Adriamycin 30 to 50 mg/m2 Day l for group I (36 pts), 50 to 75 mg/m2 for group II (39 pts) and 75 to 90 mg/m2 for group III (25 pts), repeated every 3 weeks, followed by locoregional RT. Response was assessed after 1 cycle of CT, before and after RT, by the measurement of node areas. Pts characteristics: 70% were men, median age 36.6 years (11 – 66 yrs); T1T2 = 26 pts, T3 = 25, T4 = 49, N2 = 39, N3 = 61; histology; UCNT = 64, non-UCNT = 36. All characteristics were well balanced in the 3 groups. The mean response rate after I cycle was 54.9%, after 3 cycles 78.8%. After RT, we observed 83% of CR, 14% PR and 3% of failure. Twenty seven pts relapsed. With a mean follow up of 27 month, the 3-yrs overall survival (OS) was 73.5% and disease free survival (DFS) 64.2%. Age, sex, node area, histology, T, N, Adriamycin dose-intensity, clinical response to CT, duration of RT and delay between CT and RT were variables studied in univariate and multivariate analysis (Cow model). In univariate study, the factors influencing significatively as and DFS were response after 3 cycles of CT (P Conclusion High dose Adriamycin regimen seems to improve the response rate to CT, which is correlated to as and DFS. Further studies with dose escalation of Adriamycin and growth factors should be done to increase the survival of the bad prognostic pts.

Secondary tumours after radio and/or chemotherapy are mainly of hematopoietic (acute non lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma) or soft tissue lineage previously described most frequently after breast cancer and Hodgkin disease treatment with radio and/or chemotherapy. We report two cases of classical osteosarcoma's observed 9 and 3 years after treatment for UCNT with combined radiotherapy and alkylant-based adjuvant chemotherapy in one case and exclusive loco-regional irradiation in the second case.