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29 results on '"[ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO]"'

1. Chemosensory anxiety signals prime defensive behavior in prepubertal girls

Author

Bettina M. Pause, Katrin T. Lübke, Benoist Schaal, Matthias Hoenen, Anne Busch, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf [Düsseldorf], Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
Male, Reflex, Startle, puberty, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Startle response, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Emotions, Sweating, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Electromyography, Anxiety, startle response, Audiology, Stimulus (physiology), Alarm signal, Fear-potentiated startle, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, sex hormone, SWEAT, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Moro reflex, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [ SDV.OT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Child, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, medicine.diagnostic_test, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], 05 social sciences, Stimulation, Chemical, Acoustic Stimulation, chemosensory communication, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Axilla, Odorants, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], medicine.symptom, Psychology, chemosensory anxiety, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

indexation en cours; Chemosensory anxiety signals effectively prime motor responses related to withdrawal behavior, such as the startle reflex, in adult humans. As the reproductive status strongly affects the response to social chemosignals, the current study examined whether chemosensory anxiety signals would augment the startle response in prepubertal children as it does in adults. Using cotton pads, axillary sweat was collected from 28 men while waiting for an important oral examination (anxiety condition), and during ergometer training (sport control condition). Using a constant-flow olfactometer, sweat samples and pure cotton samples (cotton control) were presented to 10 prepubertal girls aged 9-13years (M=11.25, SD=1.25) for 3000ms during inhalation. White noise bursts of 102dB(A) served as startle probes, and startle responses were recorded via electromyography of the orbicularis oculi muscle. The girls showed larger startle amplitudes to probes presented in the context of chemosensory anxiety signals as compared to a context of sport control sweat (p

Published
2017

2. Effects of Combined Vigorous Interval Training Program and Diet on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Physical Self-Perceptions Among Obese Adolescent Boys and Girls

Author

Christophe Maïano, Olivier Rey, Jean-Marc Vallier, Charles-Symphorien Mercier, Caroline Nicol, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Département de psychoéducation et de psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé ( LAMHESS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey ( ISM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Université du Québec en Outaouais ( UQO ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Calorie, Adolescent, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, physical self-perceptions, pediatric obesity, Physical fitness, [ SDV.MHEP.PED ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, High-Intensity Interval Training, Body fat percentage, Interval training, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Weight loss, Heart rate, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, vigorous exercise, 030212 general & internal medicine, interval training, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], business.industry, Pediatric rehabilitation, 030229 sport sciences, Self Concept, Diet, Exercise Therapy, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Body Composition, physical fitness, Physical therapy, Female, medicine.symptom, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, High-intensity interval training
Abstract

Purpose:This study examined the effects of a five-week intervention combining vigorous interval training (VIT) with diet among twenty-four obese adolescents. Fourteen girls and ten boys (aged 14–15) schooled in a pediatric rehabilitation center participated. Methods:The VIT intensity was targeted and remained above 80% of maximal heart rate (HR) and over six kilocalories per minute. Pre- and postintervention measures were body composition (BMI, weight, body fat percentage), physical self-perceptions (PSP), physical fitness (6-min walking distance and work) and its associated physiological responses (HRpeak and blood lactate concentration). A series of two-way analyses of variance or covariance controlling for weight loss were used to examine the changes. Results:Significant improvements were found in body composition, physical fitness and PSP (endurance, activity level, sport competence, global physical self-concept and appearance). In addition, boys presented higher levels of perceived strength and global physical self-concept than girls. Finally, there was a significant increase in perceived endurance, sport competence, and global physical self-concept in girls only. Conclusion:This five-week VIT program combined with diet represents an effective means for improving body composition, physical fitness, and PSP in obese adolescents, the effects on PSP being larger among girls.

Published
2017

3. From clinic to the 'foul and exciting field of life': A psychiatric point of view on clinical physiology

Author

Jean Vion-Dury, Guillaume Dumas, Clélia Quiles, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi, Sommeil, Attention et Neuropsychiatrie [Bordeaux] ( SANPSY ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Services d’explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux, clinique du sommeil, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Génétique humaine et Fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Gènes, Synapses et Cognition, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives [Marseille] ( LNC ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de neurophysiologie et psychophysiologie, pôle de psychiatrie universitaire, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] ( Hôpitaux Sud ), Sommeil, Addiction et Neuropsychiatrie [Bordeaux] (SANPSY), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gènes, Synapses et Cognition (CNRS - UMR3571 ), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives [Marseille] (LNC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and VION-DURY, Jean

Subjects
Clinique, Physiology, [ SDV.MHEP.PSM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Medical sciences, Physiologies, [SHS.PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, Clinical, Psychological adjustment, [ SDV.NEU.SC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Normal, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Pathological, Theory, Acclimatation, Adaptation, Physiologie, Applied Psychology, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, Syndrome, 030227 psychiatry, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Pathologie psychiatrique, Sciences médicales, Théorie, Troubles mentaux, Psychiatric disorders, Normal/pathologique, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Psychiatrie, Ajustement psychique
Abstract

Claude Bernard, and his master François Magendie, by the constitution of physiological science, has brought the establishment of a unifying representation system in the field of medicine. According to these representations, the diseases and the therapeutics would be considered by medical doctors as following the same laws of physiology. Physiology would be the condition of a real scientific medicine. How this positioning may be applied to psychiatry? To answer this question, this article proposes first of all to summarize the principal concepts structuring clinical physiology since Claude Bernard. These concepts are those of the "milieu intérieur", its stability and its regulation. The principles of this regulation system introduced by Claude Bernard lead us to consider him as the first modern systemic physiologist. Moreover these principles of regulation offer the possibility to understanding in an original way the processes of adaptation and acclimatization of an organism. This article then to analyze how these physiological concepts can be applied to psychiatry, including a discussion on the distinction of normal and pathological (by underlining that the difficulty in defining the disease is not specific to mental disorders), by providing a physiological perspective of the notion of syndrome for linking together in a practical way, the requirements of scientific medicine to that of rigorous clinical medicine., Claude Bernard, et son maitre François Magendie, ont permis, par la constitution de la science physiologique, la mise en place d'un système de représentation unificatrice dans le champ de la médecine où la pathologie et la thérapeutique seraient considérées par les médecins comme suivant les mêmes lois de la physiologie. La physiologie serait ainsi la condition d'une véritable médecine scientifique. Comment ce positionnement peut il s'appliquer à la psychiatrie ? Afin de répondre à cette question, cet article se propose, tout d'abord de rappeler les concepts essentiels structurant la physiologie clinique depuis Claude Bernard. Ces concepts sont ceux de milieu intérieur, de sa constance et de sa régulation. Les principes de ce système de régulation introduis par Claude Bernard font de lui un précurseur de la physiologie systémique moderne et permettent de comprendre de manière originale les processus d'adaptation et d'acclimatation d'un organisme. Cet article se propose ensuite d'analyser comment ces concepts peuvent s'appliquer à la psychiatrie et notamment à la distinction du normal et du pathologique (et de souligner que la difficulté dans la définition de la maladie n'est pas propre aux troubles mentaux), en offrant une perspective physiologique à la notion de syndrome, concept permettant de lier ensemble, et de manière pratique, les exigences d'une médecine scientifique à celle d'une médecine clinique rigoureuse.

Published
2017

4. PPARγ controls pregnancy outcome through activation of EG-VEGF: new insights into the mechanism of placental development

Author

Wael Traboulsi, Aude Salomon, Valentina Onnis, Béatrice Desvergne, Cenzo Congiu, Mohamed Benharouga, Carine Winkler, Jean-Jacques Feige, Thierry Fournier, Sophie Brouillet, Qun-Yong Zhou, Pascale Hoffmann, Nadia Alfaidy, Vanessa Garnier, Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection ( BCI - UMR S1036 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine ( U1139 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), PremUp Foundation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Sorbonne Universités-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -CHI Créteil-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Center for Integrative Genomics - Institute of Bioinformatics, Génopode ( CIG ), University of Lausanne, Département de Gynécologie, Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Grenoble, Department of Pharmacology [Irvine], University of California [Irvine] ( UCI ), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux ( LCBM - UMR 5249 ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection (BCI ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine (U1139), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-CHI Créteil-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Integrative Genomics - Institute of Bioinformatics, Génopode (CIG), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM - UMR 5249), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-CHI Créteil-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne (UNIL), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Universités-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-CHI Créteil-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG)

Subjects
Male, Pyridines, Physiology, Placenta, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, ANGIOGENESIS, HUMAN FETOPLACENTAL VASCULOGENESIS, Mice, trophoblast invasion, Pregnancy, Cricetinae, human pregnancy, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, Receptor, [ SDV.MHEP.GEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Cells, Cultured, chemistry.chemical_classification, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Pregnancy Outcome, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, [ SDV.MHEP.EM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, [ SDV.BDLR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, embryonic structures, Benzamides, Female, EXPRESSION, Transcriptional Activation, medicine.medical_specialty, PATHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS, Mice, Transgenic, Biology, Rosiglitazone, endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS, In vivo, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Embryo Implantation, OXYGEN REGULATION, Placentation, Trophoblast, Prokineticin receptor 1, Embryo, Mammalian, EXTRAVILLOUS TROPHOBLASTS, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma knockout, PPAR gamma, [SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, Endocrinology, chemistry, ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR, CELLS, Thiazolidinediones, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Endocrine-Gland-Derived, Ex vivo
Abstract

PPARγ-deficient mice die at E9.5 due to placental abnormalities. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. We demonstrated that the new endocrine factor EG-VEGF controls the same processes as those described for PPARγ, suggesting potential regulation of EG-VEGF by PPARγ. EG-VEGF exerts its functions via prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1) and 2 (PROKR2). This study sought to investigate whether EG-VEGF mediates part of PPARγ effects on placental development. Three approaches were used: 1) in vitro, using human primary isolated cytotrophoblasts and the extravillous trophoblast cell line (HTR-8/SVneo); 2) ex vivo, using human placental explants ( n = 46 placentas); and 3) in vivo, using gravid wild-type PPARγ+/− and PPARγ−/− mice. Major processes of placental development that are known to be controlled by PPARγ, such as trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion, were assessed in the absence or presence of PROKR1 and PROKR2 antagonists. In both human trophoblast cell and placental explants, we demonstrated that rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, 1) increased EG-VEGF secretion, 2) increased EG-VEGF and its receptors mRNA and protein expression, 3) increased placental vascularization via PROKR1 and PROKR2, and 4) inhibited trophoblast migration and invasion via PROKR2. In the PPARγ−/− mouse placentas, EG-VEGF levels were significantly decreased, supporting an in vivo control of EG-VEGF/PROKRs system during pregnancy. The present data reveal EG-VEGF as a new mediator of PPARγ effects during pregnancy and bring new insights into the fine mechanism of trophoblast invasion.

Published
2015

5. Cortical motor output decreases after neuromuscular fatigue induced by electrical stimulation of the plantar flexor muscles

Author

Alain Varray, Gerard Derosiere, Maria Papaiordanidou, François Alexandre, Maxime Billot, Varray, Alain, Euromov (EuroMov), Université de Montpellier (UM), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Euromov ( EuroMov ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )

Subjects
Adult, Male, Recruitment, Neurophysiological, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Physiology, Stimulation, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Somatosensory system, Plantar flexion, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, Medicine, Muscle, Skeletal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Electromyography, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Motor Cortex, 030229 sport sciences, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Electric Stimulation, Peripheral, Electrophysiology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, Muscle Fatigue, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Functional near-infrared spectroscopy, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction, Motor cortex
Abstract

Aim Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) causes early onset of neuromuscular fatigue. Peripheral electrophysiological explorations suggest that supra-spinal alterations are involved through sensitive afferent pathways. As sensory input is projected over the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), S1 area involvement in inhibiting the central motor drive can be hypothesized. This study assessed cortical activity under a fatiguing NMES protocol at low frequency. Methods Twenty healthy males performed five NMES sequences of 17 trains over the plantar flexors (30 Hz, 4 s on/6 s off). Before and after each sequence, neuromuscular tests composed of maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) were carried out. Cortical activity was assessed during MVCs with functional near-infrared spectroscopy over S1 and primary motor (M1) areas, through oxy- [HbO] and deoxy-haemoglobin [HbR] variation. Electrophysiological data (H-reflex during MVC, EMG activity and level of voluntary activation) were also recorded. Results MVC torque significantly decreased after the first 17 NMES trains (P

Published
2015

6. Studies using pharmacological blockade of muscle afferents provide new insights into the neurophysiology of perceived exertion

Author

Benjamin Pageaux, Jérémie Gaveau, Pageaux, Benjamin, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Physiology, Physical Exertion, Perceived exertion, Cardiovascular, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Muscle, Skeletal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Muscles, 030229 sport sciences, [ SDV.MHEP.CSC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Neurophysiology, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Blockade, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction
Abstract

The increase in blood pressure observed during physical activities is exaggerated in patients with hypertension, exposing them to a higher cardiovascular risk.Neural signals from the skeletal muscles appear to be overactive, resulting in this abnormal response in hypertensive patients.In the present study, we tested whether the attenuation of these neural signals in hypertensive patients could normalize their abnormal increase in blood pressure during physical activity.Attenuation of the neural signals from the leg muscles with intrathecal fentanyl injection reduced the blood pressure of hypertensive men during cycling exercise to a level comparable to that of normotensive men.Skeletal muscle afferent overactivity causes the abnormal cardiovascular response to exercise and was reverted in this experimental model, appearing as potential target for treatment.

Published
2016

7. Dual regulation of the native ClC-K2 chloride channel in the distal nephron by voltage and pH

Author

Aurélie Edwards, Marc Paulais, Laurent Pinelli, Jacques Teulon, Stéphane Lourdel, Antoine Nissant, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), and HAL-UPMC, Gestionnaire

Subjects
[ SDV.MHEP.UN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, 0301 basic medicine, Male, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Physiology, Intracellular pH, Anion Transport Proteins, Gating, Sodium Chloride, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Chlorides, Chloride Channels, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Animals, Intercalated Cell, Research Articles, Epithelial polarity, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Chemistry, urogenital system, Cell Membrane, Depolarization, Nephrons, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, [SDV.MHEP.UN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Connecting tubule, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, Chloride channel, Biophysics, Calcium, Ion Channel Gating, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Intracellular, Research Article
Abstract

ClC-K2 is present on the basolateral membrane of kidney epithelial cells, but little is known about its single channel properties. Pinelli et al. record unitary ClC-K2 currents from intercalated cells of mouse connecting tubules and investigate their regulation by voltage, pH, Cl−, and Ca2+., ClC-K2, a member of the ClC family of Cl− channels and transporters, forms the major basolateral Cl− conductance in distal nephron epithelial cells and therefore plays a central role in renal Cl− absorption. However, its regulation remains largely unknown because of the fact that recombinant ClC-K2 has not yet been studied at the single-channel level. In the present study, we investigate the effects of voltage, pH, Cl−, and Ca2+ on native ClC-K2 in the basolateral membrane of intercalated cells from the mouse connecting tubule. The ∼10-pS channel shows a steep voltage dependence such that channel activity increases with membrane depolarization. Intracellular pH (pHi) and extracellular pH (pHo) differentially modulate the voltage dependence curve: alkaline pHi flattens the curve by causing an increase in activity at negative voltages, whereas alkaline pHo shifts the curve toward negative voltages. In addition, pHi, pHo, and extracellular Ca2+ strongly increase activity, mainly because of an increase in the number of active channels with a comparatively minor effect on channel open probability. Furthermore, voltage alters both the number of active channels and their open probability, whereas intracellular Cl− has little influence. We propose that changes in the number of active channels correspond to them entering or leaving an inactivated state, whereas modulation of open probability corresponds to common gating by these channels. We suggest that pH, through the combined effects of pHi and pHo on ClC-K2, might be a key regulator of NaCl absorption and Cl−/HCO3− exchange in type B intercalated cells.

Published
2016

8. Genotoxic and enzymatic effects of fluoranthene in microsomes and freshly isolated hepatocytes from sole (Solea solea)

Author

J. Le Goff, Nathalie Wessel, Dominique Ménard, Thierry Burgeot, H. Ollivier, K. Pichavant-Rafini, Farida Akcha, Département Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Optimisation des régulations physiologiques ( ORPHY (EA 4324) ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ), Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le CANcer ( GRECAN ), IFR146-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse ( CRLC François Baclesse ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (IFREMER BE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Optimisation des régulations physiologiques (ORPHY (EA 4324)), Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le CANcer (GRECAN), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), and UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-IFR146

Subjects
MESH: Microsomes, Liver, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, MESH : Hepatocytes, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, MESH: DNA Breaks, MESH: Hepatocytes, DNA Adducts, chemistry.chemical_compound, MESH: Animals, Cells, Cultured, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH : Fluorenes, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], MESH: Flatfishes, MESH : DNA Adducts, MESH: Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1, MESH : Microsomes, Liver, MESH: Water Pollutants, Chemical, Biochemistry, Flatfishes, Microsomes, Liver, cardiovascular system, MESH: DNA Adducts, MESH: Cells, Cultured, MESH : Water Pollutants, Chemical, Aquatic Science, Adduct, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Cells, Cultured, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1, medicine, MESH: Fluorenes, Animals, MESH : Flatfishes, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Fluoranthene, Fluorenes, DNA Breaks, Cytochrome P450, In vitro, Enzyme, chemistry, MESH : DNA Breaks, MESH : Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1, Hepatocytes, biology.protein, Microsome, MESH : Animals, Water Pollutants, Chemical, DNA, Genotoxicity
Abstract

International audience; The fluoranthene (Fluo) is one of the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in human food and in marine compartments. However, the existing data on its genotoxicity is poor and controversial. The aim of this study was to assess in vitro the potential genotoxicity of Fluo in sole and its possible effect on CYP450 modulation. Freshly isolated hepatocytes were exposed for 24 h to a range of Fluo concentrations from 0.5 to 50 μM in both culture flasks and microplate wells. The ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was measured as an indicator of the activity of the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1). The genotoxic effects were evaluated by measuring both DNA strand breaks and DNA adducts by the alkaline comet assay and the postlabeling technique respectively. Calf thymus DNA was also exposed to Fluo in the presence of sole liver microsomes in order to check for Fluo DNA adduct formation. In sole hepatocytes, Fluo was shown to induce a decrease in the EROD activity in a concentration-dependent manner. A significant genotoxic effect was observed in terms of DNA strand breakage from an exposure concentration of 5 μM: despite a concentration-dependent effect was observed, it did not follow a linear dose-response. The response was similar whatever the way of exposure in flasks or in wells. One reproducible adduct was detected in the hepatocytes exposed to the highest concentrations of Fluo. The formation of Fluo adducts was confirmed by the detection of one reproducible adduct following in vitro exposure of calf thymus DNA to 100 and 200 μM of Fluo in the presence of sole microsomes. These results demonstrate the potential of sole hepatocytes to metabolize Fluo in 24 h into reactive species, able to induce genotoxicity by DNA strand breakage and DNA adduct formation. Moreover, a miniaturized cell exposure system was validated for further experiments using fewer amounts of hepatocytes and contaminants, and allowing exposure to PAH metabolites.

Published
2012

9. In vivo estimates of NO and CO conductance for haemoglobin and for lung transfer in humans

Author

Sebastien Martin, Sophie Lalande, Bertrand Maury, Jean-Benoit Martinot, Hervé Guénard, C. Kays, Neuroimagerie en psychiatrie (U1000), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 (MAP5 - UMR 8145), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (LM-Orsay), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Audiovisuel (INA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neuroimagerie en psychiatrie ( U1000 ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle ( IFR 49 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 - UMR 8145 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay ( LM-Orsay ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de l'Audiovisuel ( INA ), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Capillary action, Diffusion, Thermodynamics, Nitric Oxide, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, 03 medical and health sciences, Hemoglobins, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], medicine, Gas exchange, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Pressure, Humans, Lung volumes, [ MATH.MATH-ST ] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Lung, Aged, Nitrogen monoxide, Carbon Monoxide, Chemistry, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Pulmonary Gas Exchange, General Neuroscience, Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity, Models, Cardiovascular, Conductance, Middle Aged, Surgery, Capillaries, Oxygen, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030228 respiratory system, Linear Models, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Linear equation, [ SDV.MHEP.PSR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract
Abstract

International audience; Membrane conductance (Dm) and capillary lung volume (Vc) derived from NO and CO lung transfer measurements in humans depend on the blood conductance (θ) values of both gases. Many θ values have been proposed in the literature. In the present study, measurements of CO and NO transfer while breathing 15% or 21% O2 allowed the estimation of θNO and the calculation of the optimal equation relating 1/θCO to pulmonary capillary oxygen pressure (PcapO2). In 10 healthy subjects, the mean calculated θNO value was similar to the θNO value previously reported in the literature (4.5mmHgmin(-1)) provided that one among three θCO equations from the literature was chosen. Setting 1/θCO=a·PcapO2+b, optimal values of a and b could be chosen using two methods: 1) by minimizing the difference between Dm/Vc ratios for any PcapO2, 2) by establishing a linear equation relating a and b. Using these methods, we are proposing the equation 1/θCO=0.0062·PcapO2+1.16, which is similar to two equations previously reported in the literature. With this set of θ values, DmCO reached the morphometric range.

Published
2015

10. Electrical stimulation for testing neuromuscular function: from sport to pathology

Author

Vincent Martin, Guillaume Y. Millet, Samuel Verges, Alain Martin, Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Motricité - Plasticité, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hypoxie et physiopathologies cardiovasculaire et respiratoire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques - Clermont Auvergne ( AME2P ), Faculté des Sciences du SportFaculté des Sciences du Sport, UFR STAPS-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Hypoxie : Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Cardiovasculaire (HP2), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION, INTERPOLATED TWITCH TECHNIQUE, Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Neuromuscular Junction, Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological, Stimulation, Electromyography, Models, Biological, Neuromuscular junction, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, KNEE EXTENSOR MUSCLES, Physiology (medical), [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Respiratory muscle, Humans, PHRENIC-NERVE STIMULATION, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Motor Neurons, LOW-FREQUENCY FATIGUE, Sarcolemma, medicine.diagnostic_test, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], business.industry, HUMAN QUADRICEPS FEMORIS, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, BICEPS-BRACHII MUSCLE, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Neuromuscular Diseases, PROLONGED RUNNING EXERCISE, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Anatomy, HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE, Electric Stimulation, Intensity (physics), HUMAN MUSCLE FATIGUE, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Reflex, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Sports
Abstract

Import JabRef | WosArea Physiology; Sport Sciences; International audience; The use of electrical stimulation (ES) can contribute to our knowledge of how our neuromuscular system can adapt to physical stress or unloading. Although it has been recently challenged, the standard technique used to explore central modifications is the twitch interpolated method which consists in superimposing single twitches or high-frequency doublets on a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and to compare the superimposed response to the potentiated response obtained from the relaxed muscle. Alternative methods consist in (1) superimposing a train of stimuli (central activation ratio), (2) comparing the MVC response to the force evoked by a high-frequency tetanus or (3) examining the change in maximal EMG response during voluntary contractions, if this variable is normalized to the maximal M wave, i.e. EMG response to a single stimulus. ES is less used to examine supraspinal factors but it is useful for investigating changes at the spinal level, either by using H reflexes, F waves or cervicomedullary motor-evoked potentials. Peripheral changes can be examined with ES, usually by stimulating the muscle in the relaxed state. Neuromuscular propagation of action potentials on the sarcolemma (M wave, high-frequency fatigue), excitation-contraction coupling (e.g. low-frequency fatigue) and intrinsic force (high-frequency stimulation at supramaximal intensity) can all be used to non-invasively explore muscular function with ES. As for all indirect methods, there are limitations and these are discussed in this review. Finally, (1) ES as a method to measure respiratory muscle function and (2) the comparison between electrical and magnetic stimulation will also be considered.

Published
2011

11. Circulatory effects of apnoea in elite breath-hold divers

Author

Pierre Fontanari, Pierre Barthélémy, Fabrice Joulia, Frédéric Lemaître, Marie-Laure Mille, Université de Toulon (UTLN), Processus d'Activation Sélective par Transfert d'Energie Uni-électronique ou Radiatif (UMR 8640) (PASTEUR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University [Evanston]-Northwestern University [Evanston], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire Francis PERRIN (LFP - URA 2453), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dysoxie, suractivité : aspects cellulaires et intégratifs thérapeutiques (DS-ACI / UMR MD2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biomodélisation et Ingénierie des Handicaps - EA 4322 ( HANDIBIO ), Université de Toulon ( UTLN ), Association pour Promotion de la Recherche sur l’Apnée et les Activités Subaquatique ( APRAAS ), Dysoxie, suractivité : aspects cellulaires et intégratifs thérapeutiques ( DS-ACI / UMR MD2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’études des transformations des activités physiques et sportives ( CETAPS ), Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société ( IRIHS ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire ( SCV-AP-MM Marseille ), Hôpital Nord AP‐MM Marseille, France ( AP‐MM Marseille ), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire de Biomodélisation et Ingénierie des Handicaps - EA 4322 (HANDIBIO), Association pour Promotion de la Recherche sur l’Apnée et les Activités Subaquatique (APRAAS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d’études des transformations des activités physiques et sportives (CETAPS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire (SCV-AP-MM Marseille), Hôpital Nord AP‐MM Marseille, France (AP‐MM Marseille), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)

Subjects
Male, Bradycardia, Apnea, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Diving, Hemodynamics, Poison control, Perfusion scanning, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.artery, Heart rate, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], blood flow, Humans, Medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], hypoxia, business.industry, Brain, Blood flow, Adaptation, Physiological, apnoea response, respiratory tract diseases, Carotid Arteries, Athletes, Regional Blood Flow, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Anesthesia, Circulatory system, Respiratory Mechanics, medicine.symptom, Internal carotid artery, business, oxygen conservation, Blood Flow Velocity, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Aim: Voluntary apnoea induces several physiological adaptations, including bradycardia, arterial hypertension and redistribution of regional blood flows. Elite breath-hold divers (BHDs) are able to maintain very long apnoea, inducing severe hypoxaemia without brain injury or black-out. It has thus been hypothesized that they develop protection mechanisms against hypoxia, as well as a decrease in overall oxygen uptake. Methods: To test this hypothesis, the apnoea response was studied in BHDs and non-divers (NDs) during static and dynamic apnoeas (SA, DA). Heart arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)), and popliteal artery blood flow were rate, recorded to investigate the oxygen-conserving effect of apnoea response, and the internal carotid artery blood flow was used to examine the mechanisms of cerebral protection. Results: The bradycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction were accentuated in BHDs compared with NDs (P < 0.01), in association with a smaller SaO(2) decrease (-2.7% vs. -4.9% during SA, P < 0.01 and -6% vs. -11.3% during DA, P < 0.01). Greater increase in carotid artery blood flow was also measured during apnoea in BHDs than in controls. Conclusion: These results confirm that elite divers present a potentiation of the well-known apnoea response in both SA and DA conditions. This response is associated with higher brain perfusion which may partly explain the high levels of world apnoea records.

Published
2009

12. The Influence of Timing of Administration on the Analgesic Efficacy of Parecoxib in Orthopedic Surgery

Author

Daniel I. Sessler, Marcel Chauvin, K. Cherif, Adel Jamal, Valeria Martinez, Aithem Jaber, Anissa Belbachir, Dominique Fletcher, Yves Ozier, Hoch, Martine, Service d'anesthésie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Service de réanimation médicale polyvalente [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Department of OUTCOMES RESEARCH, University of Louisville-OUTCOMES RESEARCH Institute, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-AP-HP Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [Garches], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP]

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH : Aged, MESH : Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, MESH : Orthopedic Procedures, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, 030202 anesthesiology, law, MESH: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Orthopedic Procedures, MESH : Female, MESH: Pain, Postoperative, MESH: Aged, Pain, Postoperative, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH : Pain, Postoperative, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Anesthesia, Female, MESH : Time Factors, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual analogue scale, MESH : Male, MESH : Isoxazoles, Analgesic, Placebo, Article, MESH: Orthopedic Procedures, 03 medical and health sciences, Parecoxib, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH : Humans, MESH: Time Factors, Isoxazoles, Perioperative, Arthroplasty, MESH: Male, Surgery, MESH: Analgesia, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, MESH: Isoxazoles, MESH : Analgesia, Morphine, Analgesia, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Parecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, may reduce postoperative pain without increasing bleeding when administered before surgery. METHODS: We randomly assigned 62 patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty to the following IV dosing schedule: 1) placebo at induction, at wound closure, and 12 h after induction (control); 2) parecoxib 40 mg at induction, placebo at wound closure, and parecoxib 40 mg 12 h after induction (pre); or, 3) placebo at induction, parecoxib 40 mg at wound closure, and parecoxib 40 mg 12 h after induction (post). Pain scores at rest and with movement were recorded every 4 h for 24 h using a visual analog scale. Treatment side effects were recorded every 4 h. Red cell loss for 5 days after surgery was calculated. RESULTS: Postoperative pain scores were less in the pre and post groups than in the control group. Postoperative bleeding was similar in the three groups. There were no significant differences between the pre and post groups, nor was their any trend suggesting a preemptive analgesic efficacy from preincision administration of parecoxib. Morphine use in the Postanesthesia Care Unit was reduced in the pre and post groups compared with the control group (14.2 +/- 2.0, and 15.7 +/- 2.0, vs 20.4 +/- 2.3 mg), although the trend was only significant (P < 0.05) in the pre group. The first pain score was also reduced in the pre and post groups compared to the control group (56.1 +/- 7.5 and 64.2 +/- 7.0 vs 78.3 +/- 5), but this was also only significant for the pre group (P = 0.001). The delay for first analgesic demand was increased for both the pre and post group compared to the control group (38 +/- 9 and 28.2 +/- 6.6 vs 18 +/- 6 min) but, again, this was only significant for the pre group (P = 0.05). Twenty-four hour consumption of morphine was similar in the pre (26 +/- 12 mg) and post groups (25 +/- 13 mg); both were significantly less than in the control group (47 +/- 27 mg, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of parecoxib before hip arthroplasty did not provide preemptive analgesia. There was a trend towards improved analgesia immediately after surgery with preincision administration, consistent with the expected time course of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug's effect. Perioperative parecoxib administration, consisting of two injections spaced 12 h apart, improved postoperative analgesia over the first 24 h without increasing bleeding.

Published
2007

13. Reaction time in gait initiation depends on the time available for affective processing

Author

Carole Ferrel Chapus, Thierry Gélat, Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement ( CeRSM ), Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] ( LEAD ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement (CeRSM), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] (LEAD), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Posture, Audiology, Affect (psychology), Analyse du Mouvement en Biomécanique Physiologie et Imagerie, Developmental psychology, Postural control, Young Adult, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Reaction Time, Humans, Gait initiation, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Valence (psychology), Gait, [ SDV.IB.IMA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [ PHYS.MECA.BIOM ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Emotion, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], General Neuroscience, Emotion regulation, Significant difference, Emotional regulation, Afterimage, Affect, Facilitation, Female, Psychology
Abstract

Epub 2015 Oct.; Previous studies have reported that reaction time in gait initiation was affected by emotion eliciting pictures. This study examined the effect of a change in the delay between image onset and the imperative “go” on reaction time. From a standing posture, 19 young adults had to walk (several steps) toward pleasant or unpleasant images in two conditions. In the short condition, the word “go” appeared 500 ms after image onset and participants were instructed to initiate gait as soon as possible after the word go appeared. In the long condition, the same procedure was used but the word “go” appeared 3000 ms after image onset. Results demonstrated that motor responses were faster for pleasant pictures than unpleasant ones in the short condition. In contrast, no significant difference was found between both categories of pictures in the long condition. Moreover, we found that self ratings of valence of unpleasant pictures were less unpleasant in the long condition than in the short one whereas there was no difference for pleasant pictures between both conditions. This result reflected a change in the affective significance of unpleasant pictures in the long condition. We also found in the long condition, that the body was inclined forward and to the stance limb during the standing posture and importantly with a similar extent for pleasant and unpleasant pictures. This change clearly reflected a facilitation of the gait initiation process. Overall, results suggested that this gait facilitation when confronted to unpleasant pictures resulted from emotional regulation processes enabling to reappraise these pictures and to override the initial avoidance tendency that they caused.

Published
2015

14. Aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Concomitant evaluation of interleukin-2, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and correlation with outcome

Author

Alain Monnereau, Elizabeth Fabre-Guillevin, Pierre Soubeyran, Valérie Coulon, Houchingue Eghbali, Isabelle Soubeyran, Reza Tabrizi, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou ( HEGP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Plateforme de génétique moléculaire des cancers d'Aquitaine, Institut Bergonié - CRLCC Bordeaux, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], and UNICANCER-UNICANCER

Subjects
Male, [ SDV.MHEP.UN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Oncology, Cancer Research, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, 0302 clinical medicine, International Prognostic Index, hemic and lymphatic diseases, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, [INFO.INFO-GT]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Science and Game Theory [cs.GT], biology, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, Hematology, Middle Aged, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Interleukin-10, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Interleukin 10, Treatment Outcome, [ SCCO.COMP ] Cognitive science/Computer science, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, medicine.drug, Adult, Interleukin 2, [ INFO.INFO-MO ] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, [ SDV.BC.IC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], 03 medical and health sciences, [ INFO.INFO-BI ] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Humans, education, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 4, Aged, Interleukin-6, business.industry, Receptors, Interleukin-2, medicine.disease, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, [ INFO.INFO-GT ] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Science and Game Theory [cs.GT], Immunology, biology.protein, Interleukin-2, Interleukin-4, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], business, 030215 immunology
Abstract

International audience; The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of a large panel of cytokines in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and to confront it to parameters of the International Prognostic Index (IPI). It investigated the concomitant determination of interleukin-2 (IL-2), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on a uniform population of 116 previously untreated patients. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay kits were used for cytokines measurements. Results were correlated with complete remission (CR), overall survival (OS) and failure free survival (FFS). In univariate analysis, sIL-2R and IL-6 demonstrated prognostic significance for CR (p = 0.016 and p = 0.048), OS (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.0387) and FFS (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0363), but multi-variate analysis failed to demonstrate an independent prognostic significance. In the intermediate group risk defined by IPI, patients presenting high level of sIL-2R or IL-6 demonstrated lower CR rate and survival than those with low level. In conclusion, sIL-2R and IL-6 serum levels are elevated in high grade NHL and are correlated to CR, OS and FFS, but this study did not support their independent prognostic value. However, sIL-2R and IL-6 measurements may improve risk assignment by IPI and allow a better prognostic evaluation of patients with intermediate prognosis NHL.

Published
2006

15. Plantar Flexion Torque as a Function of Time of Day

Author

J. Van Hoecke, Julien Gondin, C. Pérot, Alain Martin, Marie Guette, Guilbert, Chantal, Motricité - Plasticité, Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Biomécanique et génie biomédical ( BIM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biomécanique et génie biomédical (BIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Van Hoecke, Jacques

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Evening, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Triceps surae muscle, Tibialis anterior muscle, Internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle, Skeletal, Morning, Soleus muscle, Analysis of Variance, Electromyography, Foot, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], business.industry, musculoskeletal system, Coactivation, Electric Stimulation, Circadian Rhythm, Peripheral, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Torque, Cardiology, Physical therapy, Tetanic contraction, Tibial Nerve, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

The possible peripheral and/or central origin in the mechanisms responsible for day-time fluctuation in maximal torque of the triceps surae muscle were investigated with a special emphasis on antagonist muscle coactivation. Eleven healthy male subjects (physical education students) took part in this investigation. The electromechanical properties of the plantar flexor muscles were recorded at two different times of day: between 06:00 h and 08:00 h in the morning and between 17:00 h and 19:00 h in the evening. To investigate peripheral mechanisms, the posterior tibial nerve was stimulated at rest, using percutaneous electrical stimuli, to evoke single twitch, double twitch, and maximal tetanic contraction (100 Hz). Maximal voluntary contraction of the plantar flexors was also assessed by means of the relative electromyographic activity of respective agonist and antagonist muscles (soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, and tibialis anterior). A double twitch was delivered during maximal voluntary plantar flexion to record muscle activation (i.e., interpolated twitch technique). The coactivation level of the tibialis anterior muscle during plantar flexion was calculated. The results indicated a significant decrease in maximal voluntary muscle torque of triceps surae in the evening as compared with the morning (-7.0 %; p < 0.05). Concerning the central command, when extrapolated by the twitch interpolation technique, the decrease in mean activation level of -6.8 % was consistent with the fluctuation in torque (-7.0 %). Soleus muscle electromyographic activity (normalized to the M-wave) showed a significant decline (21.6 %; p < 0.001). Moreover, individual changes in MVC percentage were significantly related to those of normalized electromyographic activity of the soleus muscle (r = 0.688; p < 0.01). Thus, it indicated that the subject's capacity to activate the soleus muscle was affected by the time of day. The coactivation level in the tibialis anterior muscle during plantar flexion did not change significantly in the evening. Concerning peripheral mechanisms, we observed a decrease in maximal M-wave amplitude for soleus and gastrocnemii, associated with unchanged single twitch and tetanus torque. To conclude, impairment in soleus muscle central command seemed to be the mechanism in the origin of torque failure. Such information would be of importance in the investigation of day-time fluctuations in complex motor task performances implicating the triceps surae muscle.

Published
2005

16. Resting and active motor thresholds versus stimulus–response curves to determine transcranial magnetic stimulation intensity in quadriceps femoris

Author

John Temesi, Samuel Verges, Thomas Rupp, Mathieu Gruet, Guillaume Y. Millet, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire HP2, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Hypoxie et physiopathologies cardiovasculaire et respiratoire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratory of Human Performance, University of Calgary, Rhône-Alpes Region, Fonds de Dotation Recherche en Santé Respiratoire, appel d'offres 2011, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité ( LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -CHU Grenoble, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé ( LAMHESS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), BMC, Ed., Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Hypoxie : Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Cardiovasculaire (HP2), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Vastus medialis, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Health Informatics, Stimulation, Electromyography, Stimulus (physiology), Stimulus intensity determination, Quadriceps Muscle, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Humans, Methodological considerations, Fatigue, medicine.diagnostic_test, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Research, Rehabilitation, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Motor Cortex, 030229 sport sciences, Evoked Potentials, Motor, C600, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Coactivation, body regions, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, [ SDV.NEU.NB ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Physical therapy, medicine.symptom, Psychology, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Muscle Contraction, Muscle contraction, Motor cortex
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely-used investigative technique in motor cortical evaluation. Recently, there has been a surge in TMS studies evaluating lower-limb fatigue. TMS intensity of 120-130% resting motor threshold (RMT) and 120% active motor threshold (AMT) and TMS intensity determined using stimulus-response curves during muscular contraction have been used in these studies. With the expansion of fatigue research in locomotion, the quadriceps femoris is increasingly of interest. It is important to select a stimulus intensity appropriate to evaluate the variables, including voluntary activation, being measured in this functionally important muscle group. This study assessed whether selected quadriceps TMS stimulus intensity determined by frequently employed methods is similar between methods and muscles. METHODS: Stimulus intensity in vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles was determined by RMT, AMT (i.e. during brief voluntary contractions at 10% maximal voluntary force, MVC) and maximal motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude from stimulus-response curves during brief voluntary contractions at 10, 20 and 50% MVC at different stimulus intensities. RESULTS: Stimulus intensity determined from a 10% MVC stimulus-response curve and at 120 and 130% RMT was higher than stimulus intensity at 120% AMT (lowest) and from a 50% MVC stimulus-response curve (p < 0.05). Stimulus intensity from a 20% MVC stimulus-response curve was similar to 120% RMT and 50% MVC stimulus-response curve. Mean stimulus intensity for stimulus-response curves at 10, 20 and 50% MVC corresponded to approximately 135, 115 and 100% RMT and 180, 155 and 130% AMT, respectively. Selected stimulus intensity was similar between muscles for all methods (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Similar optimal stimulus intensity and maximal MEP amplitudes at 20 and 50% MVC and the minimal risk of residual fatigue at 20% MVC suggest that a 20% MVC stimulus-response curve is appropriate for determining TMS stimulus intensity in the quadriceps femoris. The higher selected stimulus intensities at 120-130% RMT have the potential to cause increased coactivation and discomfort and the lower stimulus intensity at 120% AMT may underestimate evoked responses. One muscle may also act as a surrogate in determining optimal quadriceps femoris stimulation intensity.

Published
2014

17. Analysis of swimming performance in FINA World Cup long-distance open water races

Author

Beat Knechtle, Christoph Alexander Rüst, Thomas Rosemann, Romuald Lepers, Matthias Alexander Zingg, Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Facharzt FMH für Allgemeinmedizin, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, University of Zürich [Zürich] ( UZH ), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), University of Zurich, and BMC, Ed.

Subjects
11035 Institute of General Practice, Veterinary medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Physiology, business.industry, Research, Swim, 610 Medicine & health, 1314 Physiology, Speed, Human physiology, Age of peak performance, Swimming speed, 2732 Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 2737 Physiology (medical), Open water, Physiology (medical), [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Medicine, Peak performance, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, business, Demography
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Age and peak performance in ultra-endurance athletes have been mainly investigated in long-distance runners and triathletes, but not for long-distance swimmers. The present study investigated the age and swimming performance of elite ultra-distance swimmers competing in the 5-, 10- and 25-km Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) World Cup swimming events. METHODS: The associations of age and swimming speed in elite male and female swimmers competing in World Cup events of 5-, 10- and 25-km events from 2000 to 2012 were analysed using single and multi-level regression analyses. RESULTS: During the studied period, the swimming speed of the annual top ten women decreased significantly from 4.94 ± 0.20 to 4.77 ± 0.09 km/h in 5 km and from 4.60 ± 0.04 to 4.44 ± 0.08 km/h in 25 km, while it significantly increased from 4.57 ± 0.01 to 5.75 ± 0.01 km/h in 10 km. For the annual top ten men, peak swimming speed decreased significantly from 5.42 ± 0.04 to 5.39 ± 0.02 km/h in 5 km, while it remained unchanged at 5.03 ± 0.32 km/h in 10 km and at 4.94 ± 0.35 km/h in 25 km. The age of peak swimming speed for the annual top ten women remained stable at 22.5 ± 1.2 years in 5 km, at 23.4 ± 0.9 years in 10 km and at 23.8 ± 0.9 years in 25 km. For the annual top ten men, the age of peak swimming speed increased from 23.7 ± 2.8 to 28.0 ± 5.1 years in 10 km but remained stable at 24.8 ± 1.0 years in 5 km and at 27.2 ± 1.1 years in 25 km. CONCLUSION: Female long-distance swimmers competing in FINA World Cup races between 2000 and 2012 improved in 10 km but impaired in 5 and 25 km, whereas men only impaired in 5 km. The age of peak performance was younger in women (approximately 23 years) compared to men (about 25-27 years).

Published
2014

18. Age and gender difference in non-drafting ultra-endurance cycling performance - the 'Swiss Cycling Marathon'

Author

Christoph Alexander Rüst, Thomas Rosemann, Romuald Lepers, Matthias Alexander Zingg, Beat Knechtle, Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zürich [Zürich] ( UZH ), Facharzt FMH für Allgemeinmedizin, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), BMC, Ed., and University of Zurich

Subjects
11035 Institute of General Practice, Gerontology, Future studies, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Physiology, 610 Medicine & health, Age and gender, 03 medical and health sciences, 2732 Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 2737 Physiology (medical), 0302 clinical medicine, Athlete, Physiology (medical), [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Women, 030212 general & internal medicine, Ultra endurance, Sport, business.industry, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Research, Men, 1314 Physiology, 030229 sport sciences, Human physiology, Gender gap, business, Cycling, Demography
Abstract

Background In recent years, there was an increased interest in investigating the gender difference in performance and the age of peak performance in ultra-endurance performances such as ultra-triathlon, ultra-running, and ultra-swimming, but not in ultra-cycling. The aim of the present study was to analyze the gender difference in ultra-cycling performance and the age of peak ultra-cycling performance in the 720-km ‘Swiss Cycling Marathon’, the largest European qualifier for the ‘Race Across America’. Methods Changes in the cycling speed and age of 985 finishers including 38 women and 947 men competing in the Swiss Cycling Marathon from 2001 to 2012 covering a distance of 720 km with a change of altitude of 4,993 m were analyzed using linear regression. Results The gender difference in performance was 13.6% for the fastest cyclists ever, 13.9% ± 0.5% for the three fastest cyclists ever and 19.1% ± 3.7% for the ten fastest cyclists ever. The gender difference in performance for the annual top three women and men decreased from 35.0% ± 9.5% in 2001 to 20.4% ± 7.7% in 2012 (r 2 = 0.72, p = 0.01). The annual top three women improved cycling speed from 20.3 ± 3.1 km h−1 in 2003 to 24.8 ± 2.4 km h−1 in 2012 (r 2 = 0.79, p < 0.01). The cycling speed of the annual top three men remained unchanged at 30.2 ± 0.6 km h−1 (p > 0.05). The age of peak performance for the ten fastest finishers ever was 35.9 ± 9.6 years for men and 38.7 ± 7.8 years for women, respectively (p = 0.47). Conclusions The gender difference in ultra-cycling performance decreased over the 2001 to 2012 period in the 720-km Swiss Cycling Marathon for the annual top three cyclists and reached approximately 14%. Both women and men achieved peak performance at the age of approximately 36 to 39 years. Women might close the gender gap in ultra-endurance cycling in longer cycling distances. Future studies need to investigate the gender difference in performance in the Race Across America, the longest nonstop and non-drafting ultra-cycling race in the world.

Published
2012

19. The epidemiology of septic shock in French intensive care units: the prospective multicenter cohort EPISS study

Author

Alain Noirot, Jean-Christophe Navellou, Frédérique Ganster, Khaldoun Kuteifan, Arnaud Pavon, Damien Barraud, F Kara, Olivier Martinet, Vincent Castelain, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Guillaume Louis, Joel Cousson, Christine Binquet, Henry Lessire, Chaouki Mezher, Pierre Perez, Julio Badie, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1432 (Dijon) - Epidemiologie Clinique/Essais Cliniques ( CIC-EC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service de Réanimation Médicale (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Service de réanimation polyvalente, Centre hospitalier de Haguenau, Service de réanimation Médicale, CHU Strasbourg, Service de réanimation médicale, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Hôpital Jean Minjoz, CHU Strasbourg-Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Service de Réanimation Médicale [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims ( CHU Reims ), Centre hospitalier régional Metz-Thionville ( CHR Metz-Thionville ), Centre Hospitalier Emile Muller [Mulhouse] ( CH E.Muller Mulhouse ), Groupe Hospitalier de Territoire Haute Alsace ( GHTHA ) -Groupe Hospitalier de Territoire Haute Alsace ( GHTHA ), CH de Vesoul, CH Belfort-Montbéliard, CH Montbéliard, CH Colmar, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1432 (Dijon) - Epidemiologie Clinique/Essais Cliniques (CIC-EC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Service de Réanimation médicale [CHRU Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Centre hospitalier régional Metz-Thionville (CHR Metz-Thionville), Centre Hospitalier Emile Muller [Mulhouse] (CH E.Muller Mulhouse), Groupe Hospitalier de Territoire Haute Alsace (GHTHA)-Groupe Hospitalier de Territoire Haute Alsace (GHTHA), and BMC, Ed.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intensive care, Severity of illness, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Mortality, 10. No inequality, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Septic shock, business.industry, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Research, Hazard ratio, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Shock, Septic, 3. Good health, Intensive Care Units, Shock (circulatory), Emergency medicine, Cohort, Female, France, medicine.symptom, business, Cohort study, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

International audience; INTRODUCTION: To provide up-to-date information on the prognostic factors associated with 28-day mortality in a cohort of septic shock patients in intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS: Prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study in ICUs from 14 French general (non-academic) and university teaching hospitals. All consecutive patients with septic shock admitted between November 2009 and March 2011 were eligible for inclusion. We prospectively recorded data regarding patient characteristics, infection, severity of illness, life support therapy and discharge. RESULTS: Among 10,941 patients admitted to participating ICUs between October 2009 and September 2011, 1495 (13.7%) patients presented inclusion criteria for septic shock and were included. Invasive mechanical ventilation was needed in 83.9% (n=1248), inotropes in 27.7% (n=412), continuous renal replacement therapy in 32.5% (n=484) and hemodialysis in 19.6% (n=291). Mortality at 28 days was 42% (n=625). Variables associated with time to mortality, right-censored at day 28: age (for each additional 10 yrs) (hazard ratio, HR=1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-1.38), immunosuppression (HR=1.63; 95%CI: 1.37-1.96), Knaus class C/D score versus class A/B score (HR=1.36; 95%CI:1.14-1.62) and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (HR=1.24 for each additional point; 95%CI: 1.21-1.27). Patients with septic shock and renal/urinary tract infection had a significantly longer time to mortality (HR=0.56; 95%CI: 0.42-0.75). CONCLUSION: Our observational data of consecutive patients from real-life practice confirm that septic shock is common and carries high mortality in general intensive care unit populations. Our results are in contrast with the clinical trial setting, and could be useful for healthcare planning and clinical study design.

Published
2012

20. Comparison of superior vena cava and femoroiliac vein pressure according to intra-abdominal pressure

Author

Arnaud Galbois, Eric Maury, Hafid Ait-Oufella, Mikael Alves, Bertrand Guidet, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Dimitri Margetis, Jean-Luc Baudel, Georges Offenstadt, Service de Réanimation Médicale [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire ( PARCC - U970 ), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] ( HEGP ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation ( ESIM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), BMC, Ed., CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Femoroiliac vena, Central venous pressure, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Superior vena cava, Intensive unit care, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Vein, Intra abdominal pressure, Intra-abdominal pressure, business.industry, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Research, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Dialysis catheter, Surgery, Catheter, medicine.anatomical_structure, SAPS II, cardiovascular system, business, Common iliac vein
Abstract

International audience; UNLABELLED: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown a good agreement between central venous pressure (CVP) measurements from catheters placed in superior vena cava and catheters placed in the abdominal cava/common iliac vein. However, the influence of intra-abdominal pressure on such measurements remains unknown. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, observational study in a tertiary teaching hospital. We enrolled patients who had indwelling catheters in both superior vena cava (double lumen catheter) and femoroiliac veins (dialysis catheter) and into the bladder. Pressures were measured from all the sites, CVP, femoroiliac venous pressure (FIVP), and intra-abdominal pressure. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients were enrolled (age 62 ± 14 years; SAPS II 62 (52-76)). Fifty complete sets of measurements were performed. All of the studied patients were mechanically ventilated (PEP 3 cmH20 (2-5)). We observed that the concordance between CVP and FIVP decreased when intra-abdominal pressure increased. We identified 14 mmHg as the best intra-abdominal pressure cutoff, and we found that CVP and FIVP were significantly more in agreement below this threshold than above (94% versus 50%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: We reported that intra-abdominal pressure affected agreement between CVP measurements from catheter placed in superior vena cava and catheters placed in the femoroiliac vein. Agreement was excellent when intra-abdominal pressure was below 14 mmHg.

Published
2012

21. AMPK and skeletal muscle hypertrophy

Author

Mounier , Rémi, Lantier , Louise, Leclerc , Jocelyne, Sotiropoulos , Athanassia, Pende , Mario, Daegelen , Dominique, Sakamoto , Kei, Foretz , Marc, Viollet , Benoit, Institut Cochin (UMR_S567 / UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche Croissance et signalisation (UMR_S 845), Medical Research Council, University of Dundee, This work was supported by the European Union FP6 program (EXGENESIS Integrated Project LSHM-CT- 2004-005272), ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) and AFM (Association Française contre les Myopathies). KS is supported by the UK Medical Research Council and Diabetes UK and by the companies (AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck & Co. Inc, Merck KGaA and Pfizer)., ANR-06-PHYSIO-0026,muscle bioenergetics,AMP-activated' et S6 kinases: roles opposés dans l'adaptation du muscle squelettique à l'état nutritionnel et à l'exercise'(2006), Institut Cochin ( UMR_S567 / UMR 8104 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche Croissance et signalisation ( UMR_S 845 ), and ANR-06-PHYSIO-0026,muscle bioenergetics,AMP-activated' et S6 kinases: roles opposés dans l'adaptation du muscle squelettique à l'état nutritionnel et à l'exercise' ( 2006 )

Subjects
MESH: Signal Transduction, protein synthesis, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, MESH: Mice, Knockout, MESH : Phosphorylation, Mice, muscle functional overload, Peptide Elongation Factor 2, MESH : Protective Agents, MESH : Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor), MESH: Animals, MESH: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Phosphorylation, MESH : Muscle, Skeletal, Mice, Knockout, MESH: Muscle, Skeletal, MESH: Stress, Mechanical, MESH: Hypertrophy, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, MESH : AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, MESH : Hypertrophy, [ SDV.MHEP.EM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor), MESH : Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, MESH : Peptide Elongation Factor 2, MESH : TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, MESH : Carrier Proteins, MESH : Stress, Mechanical, Signal Transduction, MESH: Protective Agents, MESH: Carrier Proteins, Cell Enlargement, Protective Agents, mTOR-S6K signaling, MESH : Mice, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Animals, MESH: Peptide Elongation Factor 2, Muscle, Skeletal, MESH: Mice, MESH: TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, MESH: Cell Enlargement, MESH : Signal Transduction, MESH: Phosphorylation, MESH : Cell Enlargement, MESH: Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Hypertrophy, MESH: Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor), MESH : Mice, Knockout, MESH : Animals, Stress, Mechanical, Carrier Proteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
Abstract

10 pages; 6 figures; 49 références bibliographiques; International audience; Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits protein synthesis through the suppression of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a critical regulator of muscle growth. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the role of the AMPKalpha1 catalytic subunit on muscle cell size control and adaptation to muscle hypertrophy. We found that AMPKalpha1(-/-) primary cultured myotubes and myofibers exhibit larger cell size compared with control cells in response to chronic Akt activation. We next subjected the plantaris muscle of AMPKalpha1(-/-) and control mice to mechanical overloading to induce muscle hypertrophy. We observed significant elevations of AMPKalpha1 activity in the control muscle at days 7 and 21 after the overload. Overloading-induced muscle hypertrophy was significantly accelerated in AMPKalpha1(-/-) mice than in control mice [+32 vs. +53% at day 7 and +57 vs. +76% at day 21 in control vs. AMPKalpha1(-/-) mice, respectively]. This enhanced growth of AMPKalpha1-deficient muscle was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of mTOR signaling downstream targets and decreased phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2. These results demonstrate that AMPKalpha1 plays an important role in limiting skeletal muscle overgrowth during hypertrophy through inhibition of the mTOR-signaling pathway.

Published
2009

22. The CDK4-pRB-E2F1 pathway controls insulin secretion

Author

Stéphane Dalle, Lluis Fajas, Safia Costes, Emilie Blanchet, Said Assou, Jean-Sébastien Annicotte, Irena Iankova, Claude Sardet, Carine Chavey, Jacques Teyssier, INSERM, U834, Montpellier, F-34298, France, Métabolisme et cancer, Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), CRLC Val d'Aurelle-Paul Lamarque, CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque, Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier ( IRCM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle ( IGF ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Institut de recherche en biothérapie ( IRB ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier ( IGMM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CHU Arnaud de Villeuneuve Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ), INSERM-Association Française des Diabétiques (PNR-Diabète), Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer, and Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale. E.B. is supported by a grant form the Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, C.C. is supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche., Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR physio2006),Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR physio2006), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U896 Inserm - UM1), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en biothérapie (IRB), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR physio2006), Le Ster, Yves, CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine.medical_treatment, MESH : Blotting, Western, MESH : RNA, Small Interfering, MESH : E2F1 Transcription Factor, MESH : Phosphorylation, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin Secretion, Glucose homeostasis, Insulin, MESH: Animals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, 0303 health sciences, Retinoblastoma protein, MESH : Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH : Protein Binding, Transfection, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, [ SDV.MHEP.EM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Immunohistochemistry, Cell biology, MESH: COS Cells, [ SDV.BBM.GTP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, COS Cells, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], endocrine system, Blotting, Western, MESH: Insulin, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, Islets of Langerhans, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], MESH: Blotting, Western, MESH: Protein Binding, MESH : Islets of Langerhans, Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying, neoplasms, MESH: Phosphorylation, MESH : Glucose, MESH: Islets of Langerhans, MESH : Gene Expression Profiling, MESH: Cercopithecus aethiops, MESH: Cell Line, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Insulin receptor, Glucose, MESH : Cercopithecus aethiops, Chromatin immunoprecipitation, MESH: Signal Transduction, MESH : Cell Line, MESH : Immunohistochemistry, MESH : Insulin, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH : Models, Biological, MESH: Mice, Knockout, Retinoblastoma Protein, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: RNA, Small Interfering, Chlorocebus aethiops, Phosphorylation, RNA, Small Interfering, [SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Mice, Knockout, biology, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying, MESH: E2F1 Transcription Factor, MESH: Glucose, MESH : Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4, Regulatory Pathway, Signal transduction, MESH : Transfection, biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity, MESH : COS Cells, Protein Binding, Signal Transduction, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, MESH: Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4, MESH : Mice, Inbred C57BL, Models, Biological, Cell Line, MESH : Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH : Mice, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Animals, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Signal Transduction, MESH: Transfection, Gene Expression Profiling, MESH: Models, Biological, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4, MESH: Immunohistochemistry, Cell Biology, MESH: Retinoblastoma Protein, MESH : Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying, biology.protein, MESH : Mice, Knockout, MESH : Animals, MESH : Retinoblastoma Protein, E2F1 Transcription Factor
Abstract

International audience; CDK4-pRB-E2F1 cell-cycle regulators are robustly expressed in non-proliferating beta cells, suggesting that besides the control of beta-cell number the CDK4-pRB-E2F1 pathway has a role in beta-cell function. We show here that E2F1 directly regulates expression of Kir6.2, which is a key component of the K(ATP) channel involved in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. We demonstrate, through chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis from tissues, that Kir6.2 expression is regulated at the promoter level by the CDK4-pRB-E2F1 pathway. Consistently, inhibition of CDK4, or genetic inactivation of E2F1, results in decreased expression of Kir6.2, impaired insulin secretion and glucose intolerance in mice. Furthermore we show that rescue of Kir6.2 expression restores insulin secretion in E2f1(-/-) beta cells. Finally, we demonstrate that CDK4 is activated by glucose through the insulin pathway, ultimately resulting in E2F1 activation and, consequently, increased expression of Kir6.2. In summary we provide evidence that the CDK4-pRB-E2F1 regulatory pathway is involved in glucose homeostasis, defining a new link between cell proliferation and metabolism.

Published
2008

23. Sugar sensing by enterocytes combines polarity, membrane bound detectors and sugar metabolism

Author

Maude Le Gall, Vanessa Tobin, Edith Brot-Laroche, Emilie Stolarczyk, Armelle Leturque, Véronique Dalet, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ALFEDIAM Merck Lipha, Institut Benjamin Delessert, AIP ATC Nutrition, Grant Number: ASEO22129DSA., Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC (UMR_S 872) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Le Gall, Maude

Subjects
Sucrose, MESH : RNA, Messenger, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], MESH : Promoter Regions, Genetic, MESH : Green Fluorescent Proteins, MESH: Protein Structure, Tertiary, MESH: Enterocytes, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene expression, sugar metabolism, MESH : Glucose Transporter Type 5, MESH: Animals, MESH : Glucose Transporter Type 2, MESH : Sucrase, MESH: Oligo-1,6-Glucosidase, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Sweetening Agents, MESH : Enterocytes, Jejunum, MESH : Protein Structure, Tertiary, endocrine system, MESH : Cloning, Molecular, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, MESH : Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1, Oligo-1,6-Glucosidase, Transfection, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Green Fluorescent Proteins, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1, MESH: Promoter Regions, Genetic, Humans, MESH: Cloning, Molecular, RNA, Messenger, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: Humans, MESH : Glucose, [ SDV.BC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, MESH : Humans, MESH: Sucrose, MESH : Caco-2 Cells, Fructose, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Enterocytes, Glucose, chemistry, MESH: Jejunum, Sweetening Agents, GLUT2, MESH: Glucose Transporter Type 2, MESH: Glucose Transporter Type 5, GLUT5, MESH: Fructose, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Physiology, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Clinical Biochemistry, enterocyte, MESH: Mice, Knockout, MESH : Fructose, chemistry.chemical_compound, glucose signalling, MESH: Hexoses, MESH : Jejunum, Cloning, Molecular, Receptor, Promoter Regions, Genetic, MESH : Oligo-1,6-Glucosidase, Glucose Transporter Type 2, Mice, Knockout, biology, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Glucose Transporter Type 5, Cell Polarity, MESH: Glucose, Biochemistry, MESH: Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, MESH: Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1, MESH: Caco-2 Cells, MESH : Transfection, MESH: Cell Polarity, MESH : Cell Polarity, Sucrase, Green Fluorescent Proteins, MESH : Mice, Inbred C57BL, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH : Mice, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, sweet taste receptor, Sugar, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, MESH: RNA, Messenger, Hexoses, MESH: Transfection, Cell Biology, Metabolism, Gustducin, MESH : Sucrose, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, MESH : Sweetening Agents, MESH: Sucrase, biology.protein, MESH : Mice, Knockout, MESH : Animals, Caco-2 Cells, MESH : Hexoses, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

Sugar consumption and subsequent sugar metabolism are known to regulate the expression of genes involved in intestinal sugar absorption and delivery. Here we investigate the hypothesis that sugar-sensing detectors in membranes facing the intestinal lumen or the bloodstream can also modulate intestinal sugar absorption. We used wild-type and GLUT2-null mice, to show that dietary sugars stimulate the expression of sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and L-pyruvate kinase (L-PK) by GLUT2-dependent mechanisms, whereas the expression of GLUT5 and SGLT1, did not rely on the presence of GLUT2. By providing sugar metabolites, sugar transporters, including GLUT2, fuelled a sensing pathway. In Caco2/TC7 enterocytes, we could disconnect the sensing triggered by detector from that produced by metabolism, and found that GLUT2 generated a metabolism-independent pathway to stimulate the expression of SI and L-PK. In cultured enterocytes, both apical and basolateral fructose could increase the expression of GLUT5, conversely, basolateral sugar administration could stimulate the expression of GLUT2. Finally, we located the sweet-taste receptors T1R3 and T1R2 in plasma membranes, and we measured their cognate Galpha Gustducin mRNA levels. Furthermore, we showed that a T1R3 inhibitor altered the fructose-induced expression of SGLT1, GLUT5, and L-PK. Intestinal gene expression is thus controlled by a combination of at least three sugar-signaling pathways triggered by sugar metabolites and membrane sugar receptors that, according to membrane location, determine sugar-sensing polarity. This provides a rationale for how intestine adapts sugar delivery to blood and dietary sugar provision. J. Cell. Physiol. 213:834–843. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
2007

24. Cellular localization and activity of Ad-delivered GFP-CFTR in airway epithelial and tracheal cells

Author

Ophélia Granio, Katherine J. D. A. Excoffon, Monika Lusky, Caroline Norez, Joseph Zabner, Frédéric Becq, Saw See Hong, Pierre Boulanger, Philip H. Karp, Virologie et pathologie humaine (VirPath), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut de physiologie et biologie cellulaires (IPBC), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Internat Medicine, University of Iowa [Iowa City], Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), TRANSGENE SA, Laboratoire TRANSGENE SA, Laboratoire de Virologie Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Vaincre la mucoviscidose, CNRS, INSERM, Université Claude Bernard LYON Université de Poitiers, Virologie et pathologie humaine ( VirPath ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Institut de physiologie et biologie cellulaires ( IPBC ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Iowa [Iowa], Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL )

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Clinical Biochemistry, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, [ SDV.BBM.BM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Respiratory Mucosa, Biology, Adenoviridae, Cell Line, cystic fibrosis, GFP-CFTR, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Transduction, Genetic, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Cl2 channel, Humans, Molecular Biology, Cellular localization, Ion channel gating, 030304 developmental biology, Gynecology, 0303 health sciences, Microscopy, Confocal, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Cell Biology, adenovirus, respiratory system, CFTRdeficient airway epithelia, Trachea, Protein Transport, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mutant Proteins, Ion Channel Gating
Abstract

(IF : 4,608); International audience; Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, and the cellular trafficking of the CFTR protein is an essential factor that determines its function in cells. The aim of our study was to develop an Ad vector expressing a biologically active green fluorescent protein (GFP)- CFTR chimera that can be tracked by both its localization and chloride channel function. No study thus far has demonstrated a GFP-CFTR construct that displayed both of these functions in the airway epithelia. Tracheal glandular cells, MM39 (CFTRwt) and CFKM4 (CFTRDF508), as well as human airway epithelial cells from a patient with cystic fibrosis (CF-HAE) and from a healthy donor (HAE) were used for the functional analysis of our Ad vectors, Ad5/ GFP-CFTRwt and Ad5/GFP-CFTRDF508. The GFP-CFTRwt protein expressed was efficiently addressed to the plasma membrane of tracheal cells and to the apical surface of polarized CF-HAE cells, while GFP-CFTRDF508 mutant was sequestered intracellularly. The functionality of the GFP-CFTRwt protein was demonstrated by its capacity to correct the chloride channel activity both in CF-KM4 and CF-HAE cells after Ad transduction. A correlation between the proportion of Ad5-transduced CF-KM4 cells and correction of CFTR function showed that 55 to 70% transduction resulted in 70% correction of the Cl2 channel function. In reconstituted CF-HAE, GFP-CFTRwt appeared as active as the nontagged CFTRwt protein in correcting the transepithelial Cl2 transport. We show for the first time a GFP-CFTR chimera that localized to the apical surface of human airway epithelia and restored epithelial chloride transport to similar levels as nontagged CFTR.

Published
2007

25. Stability of pedalling mechanics during a prolonged cycling exercise performed at different cadences

Author

G. Sarre, J. Van Hoecke, Romuald Lepers, Motricité - Plasticité, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), and Van Hoecke, Jacques

Subjects
Male, Hamstring muscles, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], MESH: Muscle Contraction, Muscle Relaxation, MESH : Analysis of Variance, Electromyography, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Voluntary contraction, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, MESH: Oxygen Consumption, MESH : Oxygen Consumption, MESH: Cohort Studies, Knee extensors, medicine.diagnostic_test, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Biomechanics, MESH: Comparative Study, MESH : Adult, MESH : Risk Factors, MESH: Muscle Fatigue, Muscle Fatigue, MESH : Electromyography, Cycling, Cadence, MESH: Physical Endurance, MESH : Physical Endurance, Muscle Contraction, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Probability, MESH : Probability, MESH : Male, Physical Exertion, MESH : Exertion, MESH : Cohort Studies, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH : Muscle Relaxation, MESH: Bicycling, MESH: Electromyography, 03 medical and health sciences, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Oxygen Consumption, MESH: Analysis of Variance, medicine, MESH: Exertion, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, Probability, Analysis of Variance, MESH : S, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH : Humans, MESH : Comparative Study, MESH: Adult, 030229 sport sciences, Negative work, MESH : Muscle Fatigue, MESH: Male, Bicycling, body regions, MESH : Exercise Test, Torque, MESH : Bicycling, MESH: S, MESH: Muscle Relaxation, Physical therapy, Exercise Test, Physical Endurance, MESH : Muscle Contraction, business, MESH: Exercise Test, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of pedalling rate on the pattern of mechanical torque application and on neuromuscular fatigue during prolonged cycling exercise. Eleven well-trained individuals performed three 1-h pedalling sessions, at 50 rev.min-1, 110 rev.min-1 and a freely chosen cadence, at an intensity corresponding to 65% of their maximal aerobic power. The mechanical torque applied on the right pedal was recorded for 30 s every 5 min while pedalling. Contractile and neural properties of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles were analysed before and immediately after each of the three pedalling sessions. The post-exercise reduction in knee extensors maximal voluntary contraction was significant (P

Published
2005

26. Serotonin transporter inhibition prevents and reverses monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats

Author

Serge Adnot, Bernadette Raffestin, Saadia Eddahibi, William Raoul, Patricia Zadigue, Dominique Rideau, Rima Benferhat, Christophe Guignabert, Michel Hamon, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques Respiratoires, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10, Service de chirurgie thoracique et d'anatomopathologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Département de physiologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP]-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Neuropsychopharmacologie moléculaire, cellulaire et fonctionnelle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This research was supported by grants from INSERM, the Ministère de la Recherche, the Délégation à la Recherche Clinique de l'AP-HP, and the Fondation de France. We are grateful to the pharmaceutical companies Janssen, Lilly, Lundbeck, Roche, and SmithKline Beecham for generously donating the drugs used in this study., Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -IFR10, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )

Subjects
MESH : Hypertension, Pulmonary, MESH : Monocrotaline, muscle, MESH: Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B, MESH: Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1D, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, [ SDV.BA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, MESH : Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, MESH: Monocrotaline, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, MESH : Cell Proliferation, MESH: Up-Regulation, Medicine, MESH: Animals, MESH: Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Neurotransmitter, Receptor, MESH : Up-Regulation, Lung, Serotonin transporter, remodeling, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Monocrotaline, biology, MESH : Rats, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [ CHIM.THER ] Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, MESH: Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, [ SDV.MHEP.CSC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, 3. Good health, Up-Regulation, MESH: Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, medicine.anatomical_structure, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, smooth, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Rats, MESH : Lung, Hypertension, Pulmonary, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Antagonists, 03 medical and health sciences, Downregulation and upregulation, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, MESH: Cell Proliferation, Fluoxetine, pulmonary heart disease, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], MESH: Fluoxetine, Animals, MESH: Lung, Cell Proliferation, MESH: Hypertension, Pulmonary, business.industry, MESH : Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, [ SDV.BC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Monocyte, MESH: Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, MESH : Fluoxetine, MESH : Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, medicine.disease, Pulmonary hypertension, Rats, MESH : Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B, Endocrinology, 030228 respiratory system, chemistry, biology.protein, MESH : Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1D, Serotonin, MESH : Animals, business, [ SDV.MHEP.PSR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Background—Progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased lung expression of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), which leads to hyperplasia of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs). Given the postulated causal relation between 5-HTT overexpression and PH, we herein investigated whether the highly selective 5-HTT inhibitor fluoxetine prevented and/or reversed PH induced by monocrotaline (MCT) in rats. Selective 5-HT1B/1D, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2Breceptor antagonists were used for comparative testing.Methods and Results—MCT injection (60 mg/kg SC) was followed by an early peak in lung 5-HTT expression on day 1, which preceded the onset of PH. Established PH on day 15 was associated with a sustained 5-HTT increase. Continued fluoxetine treatment completely prevented PA-SMC proliferation and PH development and also suppressed the late 5-HTT increase, without affecting the early peak. The 5-HT receptor antagonists did not affect PH. Fluoxetine (10 mg · kg−1· d−1PO) started 3 weeks after MCT injection completely reversed established PH, normalizing PA pressure and structure. MCT-induced PH was also associated with increased expression of various cytokines, but only interleukin-1β and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 increased at the early phase and stimulated 5-HTT expression by cultured PA-SMCs.Conclusion—Upregulation of lung 5-HTT induced by MCT appears necessary to initiate the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling, whereas a sustained increase in 5-HTT expression may underlie both the progression and the maintenance of MCT-induced PH. Complete reversal of established PH by fluoxetine provides a rationale for new therapeutic strategies in human PH.

Published
2005

27. Sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein 1c mediates insulin action on hepatic gene expression

Author

Ferré, P., Foretz, F, Azzout-Marniche, Dalila, Bécard, D, Foufelle, F., Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), [Institut Cochin] Département Endocrinologie, métabolisme, diabète (EMD) (EMD), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), [Institut Cochin] Département Endocrinologie, métabolisme, diabète (EMD) ( EMD ), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
MESH : Transcription Factors, MESH : Insulin, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], MESH: CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins, MESH : Mammals, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Homeostasis, Insulin, MESH: Animals, MESH : Glycolysis, Mammals, MESH : Gene Expression Regulation, MESH : Glucagon, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], MESH: Glucagon, MESH: Energy Metabolism, [SDV.BBM.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular Networks [q-bio.MN], MESH: Transcription Factors, [ SDV.MHEP.EM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, MESH: Glucose, DNA-Binding Proteins, MESH : CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins, Liver, MESH: Homeostasis, MESH : Homeostasis, MESH: Glycolysis, MESH : DNA-Binding Proteins, Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1, Glycolysis, [ SDV.BBM.BM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, MESH: Insulin, MESH: Mammals, [ SDV.BC.IC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], [ SDV.BBM.MN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular Networks [q-bio.MN], MESH: Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1, MESH : Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Animals, MESH : Glucose, [ SDV.BC.BC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], MESH : Liver, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Glucagon, MESH : Energy Metabolism, Glucose, Gene Expression Regulation, CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins, MESH : Animals, Energy Metabolism, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, MESH: DNA-Binding Proteins, MESH: Liver, Transcription Factors
Abstract

International audience; Effects of insulin on the expression of liver-specific genes are part of the adaptive mechanisms aimed at maintaining energy homeostasis in mammals. When the diet is rich in carbohydrates, secreted insulin stimulates the expression of genes for enzymes involved in glucose utilization (glucokinase, L-type pyruvate kinase and lipogenic enzymes) and inhibits genes for enzymes involved in glucose production (phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase). The mechanisms by which insulin controls the expression of these genes have been poorly understood. Recently, the transcription factor sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein 1c has been proposed as a key mediator of insulin transcriptional effects. Here we review the evidence that has led to this proposal and the consequences for our understanding of insulin effects in physiological or pathological conditions.

Published
2001

28. Athlete Atypicity on the Edge of Human Achievement: Performances Stagnate after the Last Peak, in 1988

Author

François-Denis Desgorces, Valérie Thibault, Marion Guillaume, Olivier Hermine, Stéphane Len, Julien Tolaini, Muriel Tafflet, Nour El Helou, Geoffroy Berthelot, Jean-François Toussaint, Sylvie Escolano, Hala Nassif, Institut de recherche biomédicale et d’épidémiologie du sport (IRMES - EA 7329), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UFR STAPS, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cytokines, hématopoïèse et réponse immune (CHRI), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Investigation en Médecine du sport (CIMS), Hôtel-Dieu-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Developpement du Sport and the Ministry of Health and Sport, Institut de recherche biomédicale et d’épidémiologie du sport ( IRMES - EA 7329 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance ( INSEP ), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire ( PARCC - U970 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] ( HEGP ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cytokines, hématopoïèse et réponse immune ( CHRI ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Investigation en Médecine du sport ( CIMS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôtel-Dieu

Subjects
History, Physiology, Science, [ SHS.SPORT ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Task Performance and Analysis, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, MESH : Task Performance and Analysis, Track and field athletics, MESH : Sports, [SHS.SPORT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport, MESH: Humans, Multidisciplinary, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], MESH : Humans, Secular evolution, MESH: Task Performance and Analysis, 030229 sport sciences, Growth model, Evolutionary Biology/Human Evolution, Medicine, Demographic economics, Mathematics/Statistics, Public Health and Epidemiology/Exercise and Sports, MESH: Sports, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article, Sports
Abstract

International audience; The growth law for the development of top athletes performances remains unknown in quantifiable sport events. Here we present a growth model for 41351 best performers from 70 track and field (T&F) and swimming events and detail their characteristics over the modern Olympic era. We show that 64% of T&F events no longer improved since 1993, while 47% of swimming events stagnated after 1990, prior to a second progression step starting in 2000. Since then, 100% of swimming events continued to progress.We also provide a measurement of the atypicity for the 3919 best performances (BP) of each year in every event. The secular evolution of this parameter for T&F reveals four peaks; the most recent (1988) followed by a major stagnation. This last peak may correspond to the most recent successful attempt to push forward human physiological limits. No atypicity trend is detected in swimming. The upcoming rarefaction of new records in sport may be delayed by technological innovations, themselves depending upon economical constraints.

Published
2010

29. Loss of Sugar Detection by GLUT2 Affects Glucose Homeostasis in Mice

Author

Anne Houllier, Armelle Leturque, Patricia Serradas, Emilie Stolarczyk, Maude Le Gall, Patrick C. Even, Edith Brot-Laroche, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire (PNCA), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ALFEDIAM Merck Lipha, Institut Benjamin Delessert, PNRD, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC (UMR_S 872) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire ( PNCA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Le Gall, Maude

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, medicine.medical_treatment, Nephrology/Renal Physiology, Diabetes and Endocrinology/Obesity, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology/Endocrinology, glucose signalling, Homeostasis, Glucose homeostasis, [SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Glucose Transporter Type 2, 2. Zero hunger, Physiology/Sensory Systems, 0303 health sciences, Glucose tolerance test, Multidisciplinary, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [ SDV.MHEP.EM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Renal glucose reabsorption, Physiology/Renal, Fluid, and Electrolyte Physiology, Alimentation et Nutrition, Endocrinologie et métabolisme, Medicine, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Oxidation-Reduction, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, General Science & Technology, Science, Mice, Transgenic, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Carbohydrate metabolism, GLUT2, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, MD Multidisciplinary, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Food and Nutrition, Animals, Pancreas, Physiologie, Nutrition, 030304 developmental biology, Endocrinology and metabolism, Science & Technology, MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES, Insulin, Glucose Tolerance Test, Lipid Metabolism, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Glucose, Endocrinology, physiology, Physiology/Cell Signaling, biology.protein, Blood sugar regulation, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Mammals must sense the amount of sugar available to them and respond appropriately. For many years attention has focused on intracellular glucose sensing derived from glucose metabolism. Here, we studied the detection of extracellular glucose concentrations in vivo by invalidating the transduction pathway downstream from the transporter-detector GLUT2 and measured the physiological impact of this pathway. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We produced mice that ubiquitously express the largest cytoplasmic loop of GLUT2, blocking glucose-mediated gene expression in vitro without affecting glucose metabolism. Impairment of GLUT2-mediated sugar detection transiently protected transgenic mice against starvation and streptozotocin-induced diabetes, suggesting that both low- and high-glucose concentrations were not detected. Transgenic mice favored lipid oxidation, and oral glucose was slowly cleared from blood due to low insulin production, despite massive urinary glucose excretion. Kidney adaptation was characterized by a lower rate of glucose reabsorption, whereas pancreatic adaptation was associated with a larger number of small islets. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Molecular invalidation of sugar sensing in GLUT2-loop transgenic mice changed multiple aspects of glucose homeostasis, highlighting by a top-down approach, the role of membrane glucose receptors as potential therapeutic targets.

Published
2007

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