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Background: Critical appraisal of research paper is a fundamental skill in modern medical practice, which is skills-set and developed throughout the professional career. The professional experience facilitates this and through integration with clinical experience and patient preference, permits high quality evidence-based medicine practice in patient care. These skills to be mastered not only by academic medical professionals but also by the clinicians involved in clinical practice. Objective: To provide a simple and robust method for assessing the trustworthiness of a research paper and its value in clinical practice. Methodology: Through detailed literature search, All essential sections and subsection mandatory for a research paper were identified followed by the necessary steps or information required in each section or questions which may arise or needs to addressed were identified. The important questions or steps which are integral in assessing the reliability and validity of a research are gathered during critical review of a research paper. Results: Out of 128 full text articles, 49 full-text articles containing robust and pertinent information as per objective were short listed for review. Conclusion: Critical appraisal of a research paper or project is a fundamental skill in modern medical practice for assessing the worth of clinical research and in providing a guideline of its relevance to the profession.

This paper examines the role of technology firms in computerizing personality tests from the early 1960s to late 1980s. It focuses on the National Computer Systems (NCS) and their development of an automated interpretation for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory (MMPI). NCS trumpeted their computerized interpretation as a way to free up clerical labor and mitigate human bias. Yet psychologists cautioned that proprietary algorithms risked obscuring decision rules. I show how clinics, courtrooms, and businesses all had competing interests in the use of computerized personality tests. As I argue, the development of computerized psychological tests was shaped both by business concerns about intellectual property and profits and psychologists' concerns with validity and access to algorithms. Across these domains, the common claim was that computerized psychological testing could provide a technical fix for bias. This paper contributes to histories of computing emphasizing the importance of IP, the relationship between labor, technology, and expertise, and to histories of algorithms.

The Ottoman Empire introduced paper money called kaime which was also a bill of exchange bond to bearer in order to finance the reforms of the Tanzimat and to overcome the financial and fiscal difficulties of the previous period, and adopted a foreign exchange stability policy and a fixed Exchange rate system to stabilize its currency which gradually lost its value against the foreign currencies due to ongoing adulterations. Related to the developments that took place over time, the monetary policy of the government has also changed; interest-free paper money was eventually introduced to the market by decreasing the interest rates gradually. Due to the Crimean War and the economic and financial difficulties experienced during the war, the amount of paper money in the market was increased uncontrollably. The fact that the money market in the Ottoman Empire was not sufficiently organized and the weakness of the state control over the market caused intensive speculative activities to be carried out by the bankers and brokers who took on intermediary duties in the market. Following the Crimean War, the increasing influence of Western powers on the Ottoman finance was a factor that restricted the speculative activities. The Random Walk Hypothesis suggests that the future prices cannot be predicted using the current information, thus speculative gains will not be possible. In this study, the Random Walk Hypothesis in the paper money market and the Exchange rate market in the Ottoman Empire are analyzed with reference to economic and historical facts. For this purpose, Variance Ratio Test and unit root test with structural break were adopted. The results of the analysis, on a large scale concluded that the Random Walk Hypothesis is valid in both markets and that there are economic and political developments behind the structural breaks.

One of the software for compiling a bibliography automatically can take advantage of the facilities of the Mendeley Desktop application. Mendeley Desktop is a reference management software that helps organize scientific articles, namely in creating citations and bibliography. With this software, writers can manage reading sources that are used as references in compiling their writings. The use of Mendeley Desktop can also be integrated with Microsoft Word, so it can be more easily for writers for each scientific paper. The purpose of holding this training activity is to help the teachers of SMP Swasta Gita Surya Eban in order to utilize of the facilities provided by the software and the citations and references on the Mendeley Desktop so that scientific writing can be done more easily, quickly, and efficiently. From the training results, it was found that the training carried out could add knowledge and solutions to the use of Mendeley Desktop with the evaluation results increase significantly. The writers hope that by holding this training, teachers at SMP Swasta Gita Surya Eban can apply the citation / reference software from Mendeley Desktop in writing scientific papers.

This quasi-experimental research aimed at investigating the effects of two different modes of worksheets on the vocabulary learning of Iranian young EFL learners. Some 20 male and female learners enrolled in a language institute in Chabahar agreed to participate in this study. Then, they were randomly divided into two experimental groups, and a vocabulary test was administered before the treatment as the pre-test. This pre-test was administered to determine the learners’ vocabulary knowledge and check their homogeneity. During the treatment, learners in Paper Worksheet Group (PWG) learned new words via paper worksheets, while the learners in Online Worksheet Group (OWG) learned vocabulary items via online worksheets. At the end, all the participants took a vocabulary post-test, which was the same as the pre-test. A paired sample t-test and an independent sample t-test were run, the results of which revealed that the PWG outperformed the OWG. More precisely, paper worksheets had a significant impact on young EFL learners’ vocabulary learning. Using worksheets, teachers can create a relaxed, challenging, and fun atmosphere so that young EFL learners can learn complex vocabulary items through active and multi-dimensional learning.

The part played by unemployment in the rise to power of Hitler weighed on the minds of leaders in Western democracies. There was a determination to create a world in which large-scale unemployment was abnormal and at worst only a temporary phenomenon. The war had shown that this was possible in a community united to pursue a common goal and the aim was to create such a community in a world free from the horrors of war, by creating communities in which the welfare of every person was important. Australia was remarkably successful in achieving this for 30 years. Its success depended on governments responding to any sustained increase in unemployment by undertaking large increases in public sector expenditure supported by accommodating monetary policy and tax cuts if desirable. In bad times as well as good, there was a determination to ensure that both the incomes and prices paid for necessities by the less well-off did not force anyone to live in poverty. The biggest obstacle to achieving this today is the growth of neoliberalism with its emphasis on ‘freedom’ or giving individuals the ability to act as they please with minimal constraints and an ideological commitment to small government.

Adults with mild stroke face substantial challenges resuming valued roles in the community. The term "mild" provides false representation of the lived experience for many adults with mild stroke who may continue to experience persistent challenges and unmet needs. Rehabilitation practitioners can identify and consequently intervene to facilitate improved independence, participation, and quality of life by facilitating function and reducing the burden of lost abilities among adults with mild stroke. The Health and Wellness Task Force identified 2 important, and often interdependent, goals that frequently arise among adults living with mild stroke that must be addressed to facilitate improved community reintegration: (1) return to driving and (2) return to work. Adults with mild stroke may not be receiving adequate rehabilitative services to facilitate community reintegration for several reasons but primarily because current practice models are not designed to meet such needs of this specific population. Thus, the Health and Wellness Task Force convened to review current literature and practice trends to (1) identify opportunities based on the evidence of assessment and interventions, for return to driving and return to work; and (2) identify gaps in the literature that must be addressed to take advantage of the opportunities. Based on findings, the task force proposes a new interdisciplinary practice model for adults with mild stroke who are too often discharged from the hospital to the community without needed services to enable successful return to driving and work.

Touch screen tablets are being increasingly used in schools for learning and assessment. However, the validity and reliability of assessments delivered via tablets are largely unknown. The present ...

Authors of the paper are writing about a wonderful person, scientist, Professor Mateev Musa Asypbekovich and his contribution to the plastic and reconstructive surgery.

As reflected through the highly imaginative storyteller of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wall Paper” (1892), this article underlines how secret diaries kept in mind expose the inner worlds of individuals who expose what they have in their consciousness. As both a work of feminist literature and a work of psychological fiction, the target one indicates a fragmented female mind of the secretive narrator kept behind the wallpaper. Recording her thoughts about the wallpaper implies that the narrator, named as Jane or not Jane, is the stereotype representing such kind of women in society and keeps most of her thoughts behind the wallpaper. To illustrate, she has some conflicts existing between her and her husband so that she manifests them in her diary kept in mind through her writings. Although her husband seems to love his wife, yet, he does not understand the negative impact he has on her that indicates their alienation. Reflecting the existence of a strong inner/outer world distance in this short story, this article highlights that as the narrator alienates herself from the outer world, she comprehends her inner world realities better in her loneliness. In this case, the narrator has a great psychological suffering. She has great imagination and identifies herself as the trapped woman behind the wallpaper. In this case, she has an obssession of marginalizing herself with the wallpaper.

Both Harris and Howard in their thoughtful papers examine the intersection of the psyche and the social in the context of COVID-19 and racial unrest. The combination of these events has brought int...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility; however, whether women with PCOS and spontaneous or drug-induced ovulatory cycles have the same reproductive potential as non-PCOS controls is a matter of debate. In the present opinion paper, the author takes the opportunity to summarize the collective evidence supporting the hypothesis of reduced fertility potential in women with PCOS, regardless of ovulatory status, and speculate that reduced reproductive potential may be caused by altered oocytes, embryo and endometrial competence, and infertility-related co-morbidities as well as an increased risk of pregnancy complications.

BACKGROUND: The authors aim to publish the results of their studies in peer-reviewed targeted international journals with a high impact-factor as possible, but they are also exposing to “predatory” publishers. AIM: The aim of the study was to offer some advices for authors to help to identify relevant medical journals, avoid “predatory” journals and publishers, use intermediary services, know a journal policy, and expectations of good journal editor(s). RECOMMENDATIONS: During the publication process authors should find suitable journals, assume a risk to encounter “predatory” or “hijacked” journals, know the advantages and disadvantages of using intermediary publishing services, understand expectations of editor(s), and make payment for article processing. CONCLUSIONS: The advices can help many researchers to publish their papers in relevant journals with cited indexes, and avoid many problems within the publication process.

This paper draws on data from an ongoing study on pre-service (PS) teachers’ perceptions of early childhood/elementary classrooms, conducted during a university course on arts and creativity in ear...

s early as the dawn of modern age, Benjamin Constant (1819) wrote that the current democracy, unlike the ancient one, based on slavery and perpetual wars, is based on capital, while Braudel (1979) shows that capitalism as a concept could not exist without the other concepts preceding it in the sequence they occur in society, i.e. capital and capitalist. Therefore, I regarded capital, meaning the foundation of both democracy and capitalism, as a particularly challenging object of study from the standpoint of its formation, development, location in the economy and ownership in post-communist Romania. I deem the amount, quality, origin and behaviour of capital are pivotal for a solid democracy and an efficient functioning of capitalist market economy in our country. The book Capital in post-communist Romania, based on long data series, may cast a historical perspective on the economic and social phenomena and processes under scrutiny. They are meant to help devise and implement public policies for making the objectively necessary corrections to the Romanian society after such an intricate transition, as well as to prepare the actions for securing Romania’s future development. I viewed this scientific endeavour as useful after identifying a shortage of information and, against this backdrop, of analysis on economic and social results of Romania’s transition, also by comparison with other former communist countries.

Background: There is increasing awareness of diversity and inclusion needs within health and education systems to help address access and equity issues for minority groups. Although these calls are well known, there is little guidance for those working within these systems to create meaningful change. The purpose of this study was to critically review case-based teaching material within the authors' programmes through the lens of equity, diversity, and inclusion. Methods: A document analysis of clinical workshop cases extracted from all integrated therapeutics courses administered in 2020 was conducted. Results: Sex, age, and employment status were most commonly presented in cases (84.0%, 97.1%, 49.0% respectively). The majority (90.0%) of cases did not have ethnicity defined. The overwhelming majority of cases did not have living situation (68.3%) or sexual orientation (78.0%) defined. Conclusion: Case-based teaching material within a pharmacy programme was largely undefined according to patient demographics and diversity markers. Findings support the notion that teaching material may have a contributory role towards systemic racism, prejudice, and implicit bias.

This article is an analysis of the historiography of the battle of Cerro Gordo. It is intended to see the generalities of the story, as well as the authors who wrote the subject, their enunciation horizons, the importance they give it and which ones are available to know the battle. At the end of this historiographic balance, it is established that some current works have reused an almost invariable narrative form, having as their origin a single story, which, due to its enunciation horizon, has set aside analytical views to the history of the battle. Therefore, to begin a historiographic reconstruction in the new military history, a methodological tool provided by historian John Keegan is proposed, called: “the piece of battle”, which consist of a series of critical-methodological concepts to detect simplifications of human behavior in war stories and specifically a battle tell.

The article shows that the origins of most doublets of the economic and socio-political vocabulary of the Kazakh language can be found in the works of the intelligentsia of the early twentieth century, as well as in the texts of the newspaper "Kazakh". However, in the newspaper "Kazakh" of the early twentieth century there are no terms related to macroeconomics, microeconomics, economic theory, such as economic choice, opportunity costs, motivation of economic choice, marginal costs, variable costs, normative economics, positive economics, etc. It is difficult to say that the terms of economic theories are found even in the articles of A. Bokeikhanov, written for acquaintance with famous people from different countries. However, some words, as well as borrowed words with economic meaning and related to economic activity, are found in texts, in newspaper strips, messages devoted to the social and political life of the Kazakh people of that period. Therefore, socio-political words sometimes had economic meanings. And the Arabic-Persian words used in the newspaper "Kazakh" mean that they are one of the prerequisites for the appearance of lexical, phonetic doublets, variable uses in the modern Kazakh language, including in the ranks of economic terms. The written models of borrowed economic and other words of the early twentieth century differed from the written models of the modern Kazakh language. Therefore, in order to clearly see the differences in writing, the spelling models of that time were partially preserved in the examples given. Thus, it is possible to compare the linguistic facts of that period, i.e. the beginning of the twentieth century and the present in economic and socio-political terms.

This study explored the writing self-efficacy of English education undergraduates at Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta. Nowadays, many students still have not used self-efficacy in their studies. Consequently, they may encounter difficulties when working on tasks. As a result, the scores obtained are not the highest. Which may make them lack the motivation to learn. The purpose of this research was to determine the application of self-efficacy in writing works for the undergraduate course of English Education at Sanata Dharma University. The research question was: How can undergraduate students of the English Education Study Program manage self-efficacy and writing anxiety to complete the academic writing class? This research adopted qualitative methods making use of the Likert scale and interviews. The questionnaire was distributed to Sanata Dharma University’s undergraduates who had received English courses in reading literary works. The results show that undergraduates have a high sense of self-efficacy, can complete academic writing on time, and we are motivated by their internal and surrounding environments.

The author starts with two key topics, i. e. digitalization and COVID-19 pandemic that makes impact on every sphere of human life and activity worldwide. The digitalization explosive development to change information, educational and library infrastructure has been not equal to expectations due to the pandemic and turned out to be different. However, the pandemic has stimulated digitization systems, Open access and open science. The author considers stable interest to ward reading, and printed books especially, to be “adigital era paradox”. He also points to stabilizing market of printed and electronic books. The no-less important topic is language ecology, or ecology of language, which cannot be interpreted exclusively as the fight for languagepurity; the author provides several examples of borrowings (Anglicisms) in the Russian language, which is increasingly evident due to digitalization. The modern digitalization facilitates targeted transition toward “the libraries of the future”, drives mainstream trends and goals on this way. The library collections, premises and working conditions during the pandemic are characterized. The pandemic also has exacerbated the problem of copyright transformation in the digital era. The author provides examples of legislative solutions in copyright in several countries and characterizes the Russia’s trends in copyright transformation in the digital world. The author concludes that, in the conditions of expanding digitalization and sustainable development, the libraries find themselves in the avant-garde as they support and effectually implement many sustainable development goals within the nation.

This discussion focuses on one aspect of Farber’s work: the birth of the tango (this issue). The tango was created as a fusion of African and European immigrant culture in Argentina between the second half of the nineteenth century and the first twenty years of the twentieth century. The tango was one of the tools used by immigrants to socialize the pain of the loss of common roots, the lack of identity, and the sense of loneliness. The author reflects on the overlaps between tango and relational psychoanalysis, and muses on the impact of the loss of hugs and embraces in this worldwide pandemic caused by Covid and the collective trauma that it entails.

A current osteopathic tenet inherited from Native American principles involves viewing each person as a dynamic interaction of body-mind-spirit (BMS). Because of its traditional medicine heritage and current evidence-based approach, the osteopathic profession is, arguably, uniquely positioned to promote evidence-informed person-centered approaches that transcend improvements in pain and musculoskeletal function. It may be particularly relevant in the context of integrating the BMS tenet into osteopathic care according to the diversity of patients’ values and sociocultural assumptions towards health, symptoms, and subsequent care, which range from the typical Western to complementary and alternative medicine perspectives. There is currently a lack of robust clinical practice frameworks in this area, confusing patients and practitioners and blurring professional identities. The current commentary provides an opportunity to initiate discussions in the profession with a rationale for creating a roadmap to develop an evidence-informed framework for osteopathic care that integrates the BMS tenet.

We often point to the relative increase in the amount and sophistication of evaluations of visualization systems versus the earliest days of the field as evidence that we are maturing as a field. I am not so convinced. In particular, I feel that evaluations of visualizations, as they are ordinarily performed in the field or asked for by reviewers, fail to tell us very much that is useful or transferable about visualization systems, regardless of the statistical rigor or ecological validity of the evaluation. Through a series of thought experiments, I show how our current conceptions of visualization evaluations can be incomplete, capricious, or useless for the goal of furthering the field, more in line with the “heroic age” of medical science than the rigorous evidence-based field we might aspire to be. I conclude by suggesting that our models for designing evaluations, and our priorities as a field, should be revisited.

Background: Though women increasingly make up the majority of medical-school and other science graduates, they remain a minority in academic biomedical settings, where they are less likely to hold leadership positions or be awarded research funding. A major factor is the career breaks that women disproportionately take to see to familial duties. They experience a related, but overlooked, hurdle upon their return: they are often too old to be eligible for 'early-career researcher' grants and 'career-development' awards, which are stepping stones to leadership positions in many institutions and which determine the demographics of their hierarchies for decades to come. Though age limits are imposed to protect young applicants from more experienced seniors, they have an unintended side effect of excluding returning workers, still disproportionately women, from the running. Methods: In this joint effort by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, the Federation of European Microbiological Societies, the Infectious Disease Society of America, the International Society for Infectious Diseases and the Swiss Society for Infectious Diseases, we invited all European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-affiliated medical societies and funding bodies to participate in a survey on current 'early-career' application restrictions and measures taken to provide protections for career breaks. Recommendations: The following simple consensus recommendations are geared to funding bodies, academic societies and other organizations for the fair handling of eligibility for early-career awards: 1. Apply a professional, not physiological, age limit to applicants. 2. State clearly in the award announcement that career breaks will be factored into applicants' evaluations such that: • Time absent is time extended: for every full-time equivalent of career break taken, the same full-time equivalent will be extended to the professional age limit. • Opportunity costs will also be taken into account: people who take career breaks risk additional opportunity costs, with work that they did before the career break often being forgotten or poorly documented, particularly in bibliometric accounting. Although there is no standardized metric to measure additional opportunity costs, organizations should (a) keep in mind their existence when judging applicants' submissions, and (b) note clearly in the award announcement that opportunity costs of career breaks are also taken into account. 3. State clearly that further considerations can be undertaken, using more individualized criteria that are specific to the applicant population and the award in question. The working group welcomes feedback so that these recommendations can be improved and updated as needed.

Following the fast spread of the coronavirus (Covid-19) across Europe and North America in March 2020, many people started stockpiling commodities like toilet paper. Despite the high relevance for public authorities to adequately address stockpiling behavior, empirical studies on the psychological underpinnings of toilet paper stockpiling are still scarce. In this study, we investigated the relation between personality traits, perceived threat of Covid-19, and stockpiling of toilet paper in an online survey (N = 996) across 22 countries. Results suggest that people who felt more threatened by Covid-19 stockpiled more toilet paper. Further, a predisposition towards Emotionality predicted the perceived threat of Covid-19 and affected stockpiling behavior indirectly. Finally, Conscientiousness was related to toilet paper stockpiling, such that individuals higher in Conscientiousness tended to stockpile more toilet paper. These results emphasize the importance of clear communication by public authorities acknowledging anxiety and, at the same time, transmitting a sense of control.

Background: Firearm-related injury is a crisis that afflicts vulnerable populations of all ages, ethnicities, races and gender. The purpose of this white paper is to delineate the impact of firearm-related violence on the health and well-being of citizens and communities across Georgia based on the available literature and data. The aim of this white paper is to examine and characterize the currently available data on the impact of firearm violence and injury from a statewide perspective, principally as it relates to the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) report for Georgia. Materials and method: We performed a literature review to analyze data obtained through the the Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS™) and NVDRS. We used the data to characterize the types and extent of firearm injuries and deaths in the U.S. and Georgia. Results: We identified an overall mortality rate of 27% for all-types of firearm injuries. The estimated average annual age-adjusted firearm injury rate was 31.5 per 100,000 people. The case fatality rate for suicide due to firearm injury notably had the highest gun-related mortality rate by greater than 6-fold. Furthermore, from 2015 to 2016, the national mean annual case fatality rate was 84% for firearm-related suicide according to 2017 CDC report.Conclusion: Greater investment into research, education and prevention of gun-related violence among citizens in the state of Georgia is necessary. Although firearm-related aggravated assault due to interpersonal violence is common, the case fatality rate due to suicide has a greater than 6-fold higher rate of death.

Source-based writing research has received much attention in recent years, which generally shows that both novice and expert EFL (English as a foreign language) writers have difficulties in writing from sources. As many Chinese institutes of higher education attach increasingly more importance to publications in international journals, citation and plagiarism become critical issues for both student and teacher researchers as well as the institutes. Nevertheless, not much research can be found on the issues with Chinese students, especially undergraduate students. The present study thus investigated Chinese undergraduate EFL learners’ perceptions of plagiarism and use of citations in their course papers. A total of 141 students from a highly prestigious university answered an open-ended questionnaire and 97 of them submitted course papers. Major findings were: (1) the students had a (fairly) good knowledge of plagiarism and identified various reasons for plagiarism in academic writing, (2) they used summary the most often when citing from sources, followed by paraphrase and quotation, and (3) they mainly used single-source citations to primarily support their own ideas, position an author’s opinions and/or findings, and acknowledge the author’s ideas. These findings reveal a general overview of students’ perceptions of plagiarism and use of citations in their course papers, thus providing implications for formal classroom instruction of writing from sources.

In February 2020 the EU published its white paper on ‘Artificial Intelligence: A European approach to excellence and trust’. This is likely to form the core of future policy and legislation within the EU and as such will have global impact on standards and norms. In this comment piece we survey the five sections of the white paper and then critically examine three themes, namely, i. regulatory signalling, ii. the risk-based approach, and, iii. the auditing styles. The key takeaway is that the white paper, and the EU’s strategy at large, is ambiguous and lacks vision, which, if unchecked, is likely to have a negative impact on EU competitiveness in the development of AI solutions and services.

Paper-based analytical devices have become lately “must have” components in equipment and instrumental designed for point-of-care applications, especially when they are used in tandem with microfluidic platforms. Nowadays, paper-based electrochemical devices (PEDs) represent the first choice in the development of lab-on-a-chip biosensors because of their benefits in biomedical diagnosis in terms of simplicity, affordability, portability, and disposability. Moreover, cellulose is a biodegradable and biocompatible substrate, ideal for building disposable devices for use in remote locations or low-resource settings. Despite their low costs and simplicity, PEDs must face a tough challenge—meeting the affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverable to end users criteria. The latest achievements in microfluidic PEDs for clinical diagnosis will be critically discussed, putting emphasis on innovative assay formats and methods for surface modification.

Prologue: This paper is written after numerous focus-group meetings with several types of people/experts of many genders. Statements given under are not meant to be insulting any gender, but these are focus-group observations. If you do not like any such statements, we are sorry in that you have missed the points we are trying to convey. This paper addresses various perceptions on genders that concerns abstract entities such as various disciplines of studies. This paper defines genders for disciplines through historical biases and perceptions – e.g., birth, religion, language, region, brought up, to say a few; these were obtained thru’ several focus-group discussions. However, technologies, such as computers, the World Wide Web (WWW), Moodle, sensor networks, Internet of Things (IoT), Virtualization and Immersion technologies are constantly changing the nature of education and learning. As a consequence, and through a series of arguments, we establish that the genders of many popular disciplines are becoming feminine in nature. We also define two terms, namely, Gender Capital and Gender Capitalization, through which respectively one could possibly define and analyze ways and means by which the changing nature of genders of disciplines can be profitably exploited for the global goodness.

In the face of climate change, warming oceans, and repeated mass coral bleaching, coral reef conservation is at a timely crossroads. There is a new urgency to support and strengthen a rich history of conservation partnerships and actions, while also building toward new actions to meet unparalleled global threats. The goal of this white paper is to synthesize and summarize the diversity of tools, approaches and solutions for coral reef conservation implemented to date and to understand the enabling conditions that lead to successful coral reef conservation. Framed as a “solution-scape,” this white paper seeks to support ongoing decisions to strengthen existing assets and build new investments into portfolios of global coral reef conservation that are equitable and aligned with diverse cultures and worldviews. We conclude with 10 recommendations that focus on equitable conservation practices that will align successful interventions with diverse cultures and worldviews, help ensure that the right decisions are made, and strengthen investments into conservation portfolios that will lead to successful coral reef conservation.

It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, School Nutrition Association (SNA), and Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior (SNEB) that comprehensive, integrated nutrition programs in preschool through high school are essential to improve the health, nutritional status, and academic performance of our nation's children. To maximize impact, the Academy, SNA, and SNEB recommend specific strategies in the following key areas: food and nutrition services available throughout the school campus, nutrition initiatives such as Farm to School and school gardens, wellness policies, nutrition education and promotion, and consideration of roles and responsibilities. This paper supports the joint position paper of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, SNA, and SNEB published in the May 2018 Journal of Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. In alignment with the joint position paper, this practice paper provides registered dietitian nutritionists and nutrition and dietetics technicians, registered with an overview of current school nutrition services and opportunities for professional careers in school settings. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has several position papers related to youth preschool through adolescence that cover specific nutrition needs in more detail at www.eatright.org.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly moving from an experimental phase to an implementation phase in many fields, including medicine. The combination of improved availability of large datasets, increasing computing power, and advances in learning algorithms has created major performance breakthroughs in the development of AI applications. In the last 5 years, AI techniques known as deep learning have delivered rapidly improving performance in image recognition, caption generation, and speech recognition. Radiology, in particular, is a prime candidate for early adoption of these techniques. It is anticipated that the implementation of AI in radiology over the next decade will significantly improve the quality, value, and depth of radiology's contribution to patient care and population health, and will revolutionize radiologists' workflows. The Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) is the national voice of radiology committed to promoting the highest standards in patient-centered imaging, lifelong learning, and research. The CAR has created an AI working group with the mandate to discuss and deliberate on practice, policy, and patient care issues related to the introduction and implementation of AI in imaging. This white paper provides recommendations for the CAR derived from deliberations between members of the AI working group. This white paper on AI in radiology will inform CAR members and policymakers on key terminology, educational needs of members, research and development, partnerships, potential clinical applications, implementation, structure and governance, role of radiologists, and potential impact of AI on radiology in Canada.