5,648 results
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2. Assessment of black coffee temperature profiles consumed from paper-based cups and effect on affective and descriptive product sensory attributes
- Author
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Chloe N. Stokes, Maurice G. O'Sullivan, and Joseph P. Kerry
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0301 basic medicine ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,biology ,Flavour ,Sensory system ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Paper based ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Spectral analysis ,Food science ,Analysis of variance ,Product (category theory) ,Aftertaste ,Aroma ,Food Science ,Mathematics - Abstract
Summary Sensory acceptance testing was used to determine whether the serving temperature of black filter coffee had an effect on the hedonic sensory quality of the imbibed product using naive assessors (n = 25) analysed in duplicate. Additionally, descriptive sensory evaluation was used to assess coffee aroma, flavour and aftertaste attributes at different temperatures using a total of fourteen attributes. Prior to consumption, exothermic spectral analysis was assessed using a thermal imaging camera on each cup of coffee to ensure that the correct drinking temperature was recorded prior to being consumed by assessors. anova Partial Least-Squares Regression (APLSR) was used to analyse experimental data accumulated. This study established that various sensory attributes of coffee are affected by the temperature coffee is imbibed at. Coffee served at 31.0 °C was negatively correlated (P
- Published
- 2016
3. Comparability of Test Results of Computer based Tests (CBT) and Paper and Pencil Tests (PPT) among English Language Learners in Iran
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Mostafa Baghdarnia, Mohamad Jafre Zainol Abidin, and Monirosadat Hosseini
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computer attitude ,Applied psychology ,Comparability ,Computer based ,English language ,Test (assessment) ,Paper-based test (PBT) ,Reading comprehension ,Test score ,Computer-based test (CBT) ,testpreference ,General Materials Science ,Analysis of variance ,computer familiarity ,test performance ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Pencil (mathematics) - Abstract
This study aims at examining the score comparability of institutional multiple-choice reading comprehension tests in two testing methods, i.e. paper-based and computer-based tests taken by Iranian first-year English students in Azad University of Tehran, Iran. In order to find the results, the researcher required examining the impact of computer-based testing (henceforth CBT) on the test score results, and exploring the relationship between particular test takers’ characteristics such as prior computer familiarity and computer attitudes as well as test performancewith their test scores. Two equivalent tests were administered to participants on two different occasions. Utilizing matched t-test to compare the means of two test modes, the results of the study show the priority of PPT over CBT with .01 degree of difference at p
- Published
- 2014
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4. The effects of 16-weeks of prebiotic supplementation and aerobic exercise training on inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, uremic toxins, and the microbiota in pre-dialysis kidney patients: a randomized controlled trial-protocol paper
- Author
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Elizabeth E. Evans, Kristyn Kirton, Bradley C. Nindl, Talat Alp Ikizler, Donna J. Chapman, Nosratola D. Vaziri, Elizabeth O'Neill, Michael J. Germain, Samuel Headley, Brian J. Martin, Emily M. Miele, Allen Cornelius, Karen Madsen, and Jasmin C. Hutchinson
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0301 basic medicine ,Nephrology ,Kidney Disease ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Inflammatory markers ,Cardiovascular ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,law.invention ,Kidney Failure ,Study Protocol ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Chronic ,Resistant starch ,VO2 max ,Middle Aged ,Urology & Nephrology ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Sciences ,Renal and urogenital ,Uremic toxins ,Placebo ,Zea mays ,03 medical and health sciences ,Double-Blind Method ,Clinical Research ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Aerobic exercise ,Humans ,Exercise ,Dialysis ,Aged ,Inflammation ,Analysis of Variance ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,Oxidative stress ,Arterial stiffness ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Amylose ,business ,Biomarkers ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by dysbiosis, elevated levels of uremic toxins, systemic inflammation, and increased markers of oxidative stress. These factors lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is common among CKD patients. Supplementation with high amylose maize resistant starch type 2 (RS-2) can change the composition of the gut microbiota, and reduce markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, the impact of RS-2 supplementation has not been extensively studied in CKD patients not on dialysis. Aerobic exercise training lowers certain markers of inflammation in CKD patients. Whether combining aerobic training along with RS-2 supplementation has an additive effect on the aforementioned biomarkers in predialysis CKD patients has not been previously investigated. Methods The study is being conducted as a 16-week, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel arm, randomized controlled trial. Sixty stage 3–4 CKD patients (ages of 30–75 years) are being randomized to one of four groups: RS-2 & usual care, RS-2 & aerobic exercise, placebo (cornstarch) & usual care and placebo & exercise. Patients attend four testing sessions: Two baseline (BL) sessions with follow up visits 8 (wk8) and 16 weeks (wk16) later. Fasting blood samples, resting brachial and central blood pressures, and arterial stiffness are collected at BL, wk8 and wk16. A stool sample is collected for analysis of microbial composition and peak oxygen uptake is assessed at BL and wk16. Blood samples will be assayed for p-cresyl sulphate and indoxyl sulphate, c-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostanes F2a, endothelin-1 and nitrate/nitrite. Following BL, subjects are randomized to their group. Individuals randomized to conditions involving exercise will attend three supervised moderate intensity (55–65% peak oxygen uptake) aerobic training sessions (treadmills, bikes or elliptical machine) per week for 16 weeks. Discussion This study has the potential to yield information about the effect of RS-2 supplementation on key biomarkers believed to impact upon the development of CVD in patients with CKD. We are examining whether there is an additive effect of exercise training and RS-2 supplementation on these key variables. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov Trial registration#NCT03689569. 9/28/2018, retrospectively registered.
- Published
- 2020
5. Reducing Sensitive Survey Response Bias in Research on Adolescents: A Comparison of Web-Based and Paper-and-Pencil Administration
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Lloyd Bond and David L. Wyrick
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Male ,Paper ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Writing ,Disclosure ,Bias ,Humans ,Web application ,Medicine ,Child ,Students ,Pencil (mathematics) ,Internet ,Schools ,Data collection ,business.industry ,Data Collection ,Research ,Stressor ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Response bias ,Female ,Health education ,Self Report ,Analysis of variance ,business ,Administration (government) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Purpose. Using the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT), the effect of mode of administration on (1) students' willingness to disclose sensitive information and (2) response rates was investigated. Design. A2 × 2 unequal N factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) design was employed. Mode of administration (paper-and-pencil vs. Web-based) was crossed with grade level (middle vs. high school). Setting. The study was conducted in two middle and two high schools. Subjects. A total of 628 middle and high school students completed the survey. Measures. The POSIT is a self-report measure with 139 yes/no items that identifies stressors in 10 functional areas (e.g., Substance Use). Analysis. An unequal N 2 (mode) × 2 (grade level) factorial ANOVA was employed. Results. No statistically significant differences were found for self-reported risk across modes of administration. Students completing the Web-based version of the survey were four times more likely to skip an item. Conclusions. Effect of Mode on Reporting of Sensitive Information—Students completed the Web-based surveys in computer labs with other students. The intent of the Web-based survey was to increase perceived privacy but the environment likely negated any effect. Effect of Mode on Response Rates—The higher response rate for the paper-and-pencil survey was the opposite of what was expected and revealed that students were more likely to skip sensitive items on the Web survey. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[5]:349-352.)
- Published
- 2011
6. Internet Administration of Paper-and-Pencil Questionnaires Used in Couple Research
- Author
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Rebecca L. Brock, Robin A. Barry, Jodi Dey, Jaci Rolffs, and Erika Lawrence
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Adult ,Male ,Paper ,Personality Tests ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Writing ,Statistics as Topic ,Interpersonal communication ,Young Adult ,Interpersonal relationship ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Interpersonal Relations ,Marriage ,Equivalence (measure theory) ,Applied Psychology ,Analysis of Variance ,Family Characteristics ,Internet ,business.industry ,Context effect ,Reproducibility of Results ,Clinical Psychology ,Female ,The Internet ,Self Report ,business ,Psychology ,Emotional intimacy ,Intrapersonal communication ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
This study examined the psychometric equivalence of paper-and-pencil and Internet formats of key questionnaires used in couple research. Self-report questionnaires assessing interpersonal constructs (relationship satisfaction, communication/conflict management, partner support, emotional intimacy) and intrapersonal constructs (individual traits, psychological symptoms, contextual influences) were administered to young adults in committed dating relationships. The same measures were administered twice via paper-and-pencil and/or Internet methods over a 2-week period. Method order was counterbalanced among participants, and temporal stability was controlled. Intrapersonal and interpersonal measures generally remained reliable when administered online and demonstrated quantitative and qualitative equivalence across methods. The implications of online administration of questionnaires are discussed, and specific recommendations are made for researchers who wish to transition to online data collection.
- Published
- 2010
7. Differences between Computer-Based and Paper-Based Assessments of the Clinical Reasoning Competency of Dental Students
- Author
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Michiyo, Kurosa, Ken-ichi, Tonami, Satoko, Ohara, Sachi, Umemori, Kanako, Noritake, Masayo, Sunaga, Atsuhiro, Kinoshita, and Kouji, Araki
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Male ,Paper ,Analysis of Variance ,Computers ,Students, Dental ,Competency-Based Education ,Thinking ,Mental Processes ,Japan ,Aptitude Tests ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Female ,Clinical Competence ,Education, Dental - Abstract
Clinical reasoning competency is essential for an appropriate clinical dental treatment. Among the tools for the assessment of clinical reasoning competency, computer-based testing (CBT) is considered more useful than paper-based testing (PBT), because teachers can control the timing of information given to the examinees. Such timings could possibly affect the thinking process of examinees. However, few studies reported differences of reasoning between the two testing modes. In the present study, we developed an assessment of clinical reasoning and applied it using CBT and PBT to compare the examinees' performance. The participants comprised 60 students in the fifth-year class in 2012 of the School of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. The tests comprised 25 problems, each with four questions, totaling 100 questions. The contents of the questions were the same in CBT and PBT. The students were assigned to CBT (Group C, n = 30) and PBT (Group P, n = 30) groups, with an almost equal gender ratio in the groups. The difference between scores was analyzed with a univariate analysis of variance. No significant intergroup differences were found regarding the test duration, total score, and average score of each question. The number of problems with perfect marks was higher in Group P than in Group C (P0.05), probably because Group P students could access the information of the previous question (s) within a problem. Thus, the differences of the examinees' performance between the two testing modes were small.
- Published
- 2016
8. Investigation of legibility and visual fatigue for simulated flexible electronic paper under various surface treatments and ambient illumination conditions
- Author
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Chi Chang Liao, Po Hung Lin, Yu Ting Lin, Sheue-Ling Hwang, and Shie-Chang Jeng
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Adult ,Male ,Engineering ,Visual perception ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Legibility ,law.invention ,Cognition ,law ,Humans ,Attention ,Computer Simulation ,Electronic paper ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Vision, Ocular ,Simulation ,Analysis of Variance ,Product design ,business.industry ,Ambient lighting ,Visual Perception ,Female ,Asthenopia ,business - Abstract
This study employs simulated electronic paper to investigate critical issues and focuses on improving legibility of display and reducing users' visual fatigue. Three critical factors--choice of surface treatment, ambient illumination, and bending curvature--are evaluated through the method of a letter-search task. The results show that subjects performed better on legibility and felt less visual fatigue with an anti-glare treatment. Choosing the better anti-glare treatment instead of the anti-reflection series can save significant cost for manufacturers. In addition, ambient lighting of 1500 lux is more appropriate for reading on electronic paper than an environment with extreme illumination (e.g., 8000 lux). The present study also found that curvature had no impact on legibility or visual fatigue. These evaluations of simulated electronic paper may provide manufacturers useful information in fulfilling ergonomic requirements for product design.
- Published
- 2009
9. Inter‐Test Comparison Between Filter Paper Absorbed Blood Eluate and Serum for Malaria Serology by Enzyme Immunoassay: An Operational Feasibility
- Author
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Sukla Biswas
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Paper ,Immunodiffusion ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Immunology ,Protozoan Proteins ,Antigens, Protozoan ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Biology ,Antigen ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Serologic Tests ,Merozoite Surface Protein 1 ,Radial immunodiffusion ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Analysis of Variance ,Filter paper ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Elution ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Malaria ,Protein Subunits ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Enzyme ,Immunoglobulin M ,chemistry ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunoassay ,Filtration - Abstract
Antimalarial IgG and IgM were detected by enzyme immunoassay in finger‐stick blood samples collected in capillary tubes and also spotted onto Whatman filter paper. Assay was performed in 92 blood samples obtained from 53 falciparum malaria patients, representing 23 fever cases (malaria negative) and 16 healthy individuals. A simple indirect ELISA was done using Plasmodium falciparum lysate and MSP119 peptide as antigens. Total IgG and IgM contents were also estimated in individual sera and filter paper eluate by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID). Assay results of both serum and filter paper eluates were compared. The sensitivity and specificity of the assays for IgG measurement were comparable between serum and filter paper eluates (P
- Published
- 2004
10. Children’s Attributional Style From Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence: Further Validation of the Paper-and-Pencil Versions of the Children’s Attributional Style Interview
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Sandra Yu Rueger, Beth A. Haines, and Christine Kerres Malecki
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Male ,Paper ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Writing ,Early adolescence ,Statistics as Topic ,Psychology, Child ,Factor structure ,Middle childhood ,Developmental psychology ,Helplessness, Learned ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Interview, Psychological ,Humans ,Child ,Applied Psychology ,Pencil (mathematics) ,Analysis of Variance ,Depression ,Age Factors ,Cognition ,Affect ,Clinical Psychology ,Attitude ,Convergent validity ,Feasibility Studies ,Female ,Attribution ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The psychometric properties of two paper-and-pencil versions of the Children’s Attributional Style Interview (i.e., CASI-I and CASI-II) were evaluated in a sample of 166 third and fourth graders and a sample of 245 sixth and seventh graders. The results demonstrated strong internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and a factor structure that was consistent with theory in both samples. Furthermore, analyses demonstrated adequate evidence of the reliability and validity of several dimensional subscale scores and the composite measures of attributional style for both positive and negative events. These results suggest the utility of the CASI in research testing specific attributional predictions of cognitive theories of depression with the dimensional subscale scores. They further add to the literature by demonstrating item-level factor analytic support for a children’s attributional style measure and the feasibility of administration sizes larger than previously tested, which add to the utility of the CASI in large-scale research designs.
- Published
- 2009
11. Measurement of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I During Military Operational Stress via a Filter Paper Blood Spot Assay
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Mark D. Kellogg, M. Javad Khosravi, D M. Pietila, Bradley C. Nindl, Anastasia Diamandi, Andrew J. Young, Joseph A. Alemany, and Scott J. Montain
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Adult ,Male ,Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Fingers ,Insulin-like growth factor ,Endocrinology ,Animal science ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ,Analysis of Variance ,Blood Specimen Collection ,Filter paper ,business.industry ,Blood separation ,Dietary intake ,Reproducibility of Results ,Surgery ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Military Personnel ,Energy expenditure ,Physical work ,Body Composition ,Regression Analysis ,Sample collection ,Energy Metabolism ,business ,Blood Chemical Analysis ,Stress, Psychological ,Blood sampling - Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is sensitive to nutritional stress and is reduced in soldiers during stressful field training. Methods have recently been developed to measure IGF-I from filter paper blood spots. Filter paper has advantages over traditional blood sampling in that neither blood separation equipment nor refrigeration is necessary after sample collection. This study determined whether filter paper blood spots collected in a field environment could measure IGF-I and subsequent changes during military operational stress. Thirty-four Marines participating in an 8-day military field exercise characterized by near-continuous physical work (total daily energy expenditure 17-25 MJ/day) and underfeeding (dietary intake 7.0 MJ/day) had blood samples taken on day 0, day 4, and day 8. IGF-I was measured by filter paper blood spot assays from fingertip blood samples and by conventional methods using serum. Correlation and measurement agreement were assessed. Blood spot (Day 0 152 +/- 6 ng mL(-1)Day 4 111 +/- 6 ng mL(-1)Day 8 74 +/- 4 ng mL(-1)) and serum IGF-I (Day 0 412 +/- 10 ng mL(-1)Day 4 258 +/- 14 ng mL(-1)Day 8 203 +/- 13 ng mL(-1)) concentrations declined (p0.05) progressively over the 8-day exercise. Overall, the two methods significantly (p0.05) correlated (r = 0.92); however, the blood spot values were on average 61% lower than serum, but could be used to predict serum values ( +/- 10%). IGF-I is a biomarker of metabolic status. The filter paper blood spot method for IGF-I detected reductions accompanying nutritional stress and may be of potential value for characterizing the IGF-I response when conventional blood sampling methods are not feasible.
- Published
- 2003
12. Not only cuticular lipids: First evidence of differences between foundresses and their daughters in polar substances in the paper wasp Polistes dominulus
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Stefano Turillazzi, Duccio Lambardi, and Leonardo Dapporto
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Paper wasp ,Analysis of Variance ,Polistes dominulus ,biology ,Physiology ,Ecology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Wasps ,fungi ,Significant difference ,Zoology ,Hierarchy, Social ,Insect ,Complex Mixtures ,biology.organism_classification ,Italy ,Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ,Insect Science ,Animals ,Insect Proteins ,Medium molecular weight ,Female ,Polistes ,media_common - Abstract
Several studies have shown that differences in the relative abundance of cuticular hydrocarbons occur between reproductives and non-reproductives in many social insects. These differences also exist between Polistes dominulus foundresses and their first emerged daughters (usually indicated as workers), but they gradually disappear when workers from orphaned colonies develop their ovaries and assume a reproductive role in the colony. However, hydrocarbons are not the exclusive components of cuticular layer of wasps. Mass-spectrometry analysis of cuticular methanol extracts from Polistes paper wasps showed a complex pattern of polar substances, partly or totally proteinaceous in nature. We found that these compounds, ranging from 918 to 2679 Da, showed a clear caste differentiation between foundresses and their first emerged daughters (usually indicated as "workers"), both in queen-right and in orphaned colonies. Conversely to hydrocarbons, workers from orphaned colonies maintain a significant difference from foundresses in the pattern of the medium molecular weight (MW) polar compounds obtained by MALDI-TOF. On the basis of such results we hypothesize that a reliable cue to identify foundresses from daughters, and not only their reproductive status, may exist in Polistes wasps. Although the great majority of previous work on social insect communication has focused on cuticular hydrocarbons, our findings suggest that the medium MW component of cuticular substances may be involved in recognition.
- Published
- 2008
13. Brain transcriptomic analysis in paper wasps identifies genes associated with behaviour across social insect lineages
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Amy L. Toth, Gene E. Robinson, Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas, Kranthi Varala, Michael T. Henshaw, and Matthew E. Hudson
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Wasps ,Foraging ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Polistes metricus ,Research articles ,Genetic variation ,Animals ,Gene ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,General Environmental Science ,Comparative genomics ,Genetics ,Paper wasp ,Analysis of Variance ,Appetitive Behavior ,Behavior, Animal ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Reproduction ,Brain ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,General Medicine ,Bees ,Eusociality ,Gene expression profiling ,Social Dominance ,Female ,Illinois ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Microsatellite Repeats - Abstract
Comparative sociogenomics has the potential to provide important insights into how social behaviour evolved. We examined brain gene expression profiles of the primitively eusocial waspPolistes metricusand compared the results with a growing base of brain gene expression information for the advanced eusocial honeybee,Apis mellifera. We studied four female wasp groups that show variation in foraging/provisioning behaviour and reproductive status, using our newly developed microarray representing approximately 3248P. metricusgenes based on sequences generated from high-throughput pyrosequencing. We found differences in the expression of approximately 389 genes across the four groups. Pathways known fromDrosophila melanogasterto be related to lipid metabolism, heat and stress response, and various forms of solitary behaviour were associated with behavioural differences among wasps. Forty-five per cent of differentially expressed transcripts showed significant associations with foraging/provisioning status, and 14 per cent with reproductive status. By comparing these two gene lists with lists of genes previously shown to be differentially expressed in association with honeybee division of labour, we found a significant overlap of genes associated with foraging/provisioning, but not reproduction, across the two species. These results suggest common molecular roots for foraging division of labour in two independently evolved social insect species and the possibility of more lineage-specific roots of reproductive behaviour. We explore the implications of these findings for the idea that there is a conserved ‘genetic toolkit’ for division of labour across multiple lineages.
- Published
- 2010
14. Altered social behavior and sexual characteristics in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) living downstream of a paper mill
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Gunnar Toft, Erik Baatrup, and Louis J. Guillette
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Male ,Sexual characteristics ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,complex mixtures ,Gambusia ,Cyprinodontiformes ,Animals ,Body Weights and Measures ,Testosterone ,Gonads ,Social Behavior ,education ,Effluent ,media_common ,Poeciliidae ,Analysis of Variance ,Sex Characteristics ,education.field_of_study ,Estradiol ,biology ,Ecology ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Paper mill ,biology.organism_classification ,Spermatozoa ,Liver ,Florida ,Female ,Reproduction ,business ,Mosquitofish ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Several environmental contaminants have been found in paper mill effluent including substances with androgenic properties. The presence of androgenic substances in paper mill effluent was also indicated in the present study which demonstrated masculinized anal fins of female mosquitofish from the paper mill effluent contaminated Fenholloway River. In addition, when compared to the nearby Econfina River, which does not receive paper mill effluent, fewer females from the contaminated river were pregnant, they were smaller and their estradiol concentration exhibited greater variation. Males from the Fenholloway River and the Econfina River had similar sperm counts, but the testes were larger and greater variation in testosterone concentration was observed in male fish from the Fenholloway River. In males and females from the Fenholloway River, liver weights were increased and computer-aided behavior analysis demonstrated a reduction in their social behavior when compared to reference fish. We conclude that a number of sexual characteristics were affected in mosquitofish living in the paper mill contaminated Fenholloway River, with possible adverse effects on the reproduction of this population.
- Published
- 2004
15. Assessing negative priming by attended distractors in a paper-and-pencil task
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F.M. Rosin
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Adult ,Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Dissociation (neuropsychology) ,Adolescent ,Physiology ,Immunology ,Biophysics ,Audiology ,Biochemistry ,Executive function ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention ,Selective attention ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Analysis of Variance ,lcsh:R5-920 ,General Neuroscience ,Age Factors ,Cognition ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Negative priming ,Female ,Perception ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Psychology ,Paper-and-pencil tasks ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
The paper-and-pencil digit-comparison task for assessing negative priming (NP) was introduced, using a referent-size-selection procedure that was demonstrated to enhance the effect. NP is indicated by slower responses to recently ignored items, and proposed within the clinical-experimental framework as a major cognitive index of active suppression of distracting information, critical to executive functioning. The digit-comparison task requires circling digits of a list with digit-asterisk pairs (a baseline measure for digit-selection), and the larger of two digits in each pair of the unrelated (with different digits in successive digit-pairs) and related lists (in which the smaller digit subsequently became a target). A total of 56 students (18-38 years) participated in two experiments that explored practice effects across lists and demonstrated reliable NP, i.e., slowing to complete the related list relative to the unrelated list, (F(2, 44) = 52.42, P < 0.0001). A 3rd experiment examined age-related effects. In the paper-and-pencil digit-comparison task, NP was reliable for the younger (N = 8, 18-24 years) and middle-aged adults (N = 8, 31-54 years), but absent for the older group (N = 8, 68-77 years). NP was also reduced with aging in a computer-implemented digit-comparison task, and preserved in a task typically used to test location-specific NP, accounting for the dissociation between identity- and spatial-based suppression of distractors (Rao R(3, 12) = 16.02, P < 0.0002). Since the paper-and-pencil digit-comparison task can be administered easily, it can be useful for neuropsychologists seeking practical measures of NP that do not require cumbersome technical equipment.
- Published
- 2004
16. Electronic versus paper-based assessment of health-related quality of life specific to HIV disease: reliability study of the PROQOL-HIV questionnaire
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Christophe Lalanne, Cécile Goujard, Susan Herrmann, Jean-Paul Brosseau, Christian Cheung-Lung, Martin Duracinsky, Olivier Chassany, and Yannick Schwartz
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Male ,020205 medical informatics ,Psychometrics ,Intraclass correlation ,HIV Infections ,02 engineering and technology ,User-Computer Interface ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic Health Records ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Reliability (statistics) ,Cross-Over Studies ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,electronic records ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,patient-reported outcomes ,lcsh:R858-859.7 ,Female ,Social psychology ,Adult ,Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Informatics ,lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Humans ,Face validity ,Analysis of Variance ,Internet ,Original Paper ,reliability ,business.industry ,Computers ,Reproducibility of Results ,HIV ,Usability ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Confidence interval ,quality of life ,Physical therapy ,Self Report ,Outcomes research ,business - Abstract
Background: Electronic patient-reported outcomes (PRO) provide quick and usually reliable assessments of patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQL). Objective: An electronic version of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Quality of Life-human immunodeficiency virus (PROQOL-HIV) questionnaire was developed, and its face validity and reliability were assessed using standard psychometric methods. Methods: A sample of 80 French outpatients (66% male, 52/79; mean age 46.7 years, SD 10.9) were recruited. Paper-based and electronic questionnaires were completed in a randomized crossover design (2-7 day interval). Biomedical data were collected. Questionnaire version and order effects were tested on full-scale scores in a 2-way ANOVA with patients as random effects. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC, with 95% confidence interval) for each dimension. Usability testing was carried out from patients’ survey reports, specifically, general satisfaction, ease of completion, quality and clarity of user interface, and motivation to participate in follow-up PROQOL-HIV electronic assessments. Results: Questionnaire version and administration order effects (N=59 complete cases) were not significant at the 5% level, and no interaction was found between these 2 factors ( P =.94). Reliability indexes were acceptable, with Pearson correlations greater than .7 and ICCs ranging from .708 to .939; scores were not statistically different between the two versions. A total of 63 (79%) complete patients’ survey reports were available, and 55% of patients (30/55) reported being satisfied and interested in electronic assessment of their HRQL in clinical follow-up. Individual ratings of PROQOL-HIV user interface (85%-100% of positive responses) confirmed user interface clarity and usability. Conclusions: The electronic PROQOL-HIV introduces minor modifications to the original paper-based version, following International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) ePRO Task Force guidelines, and shows good reliability and face validity. Patients can complete the computerized PROQOL-HIV questionnaire and the scores from the paper or electronic versions share comparable accuracy and interpretation. [J Med Internet Res 2014;16(4):e115]
- Published
- 2014
17. Comparative study of electronic vs. paper VAS ratings: a randomized, crossover trial using healthy volunteers
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Robert N. Jamison, Nathaniel P. Katz, Jonathan G. Levine, Stephen A. Raymond, David Fram, Margaret Daly, Barbara Marino, Timothy J. Herrmann, and Richard H. Gracely
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual analogue scale ,Pain ,Sensory system ,Audiology ,Correlation ,Bias ,Psychophysics ,medicine ,Humans ,Verbal Rating Scale ,Pain Measurement ,Analysis of Variance ,Cross-Over Studies ,Middle Aged ,Crossover study ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Neurology ,Computers, Handheld ,Personal computer ,Female ,Electronic data ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Social psychology - Abstract
The visual analogue scale (VAS) is an established, validated, self-report measure usually consisting of a 10 cm line on paper with verbal anchors labeling the ends. Palmtop computers (PTCs also known as personal digital appliances) have incorporated VAS entry by use of a touch screen. However, the validity and psychophysical properties of the electronic VAS have never been formally compared with the conventional paper VAS. The aim of this study is to determine the agreement between the electronic (eVAS) and paper (pVAS) modes. Twenty-four healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. Each study participant provided input using both measurement methods by marking the eVAS and pVAS in response to two kinds of stimuli, cognitive and sensory. A verbal rating scale of seven descriptors of intensity represented the cognitive stimuli. Participants were asked to mark the location that best corresponded to the pain intensity described by each word on scales from 'no pain' to 'worst possible pain'. The sensory stimuli used were a set of test weights consisting of plastic containers ranging from 7 to 129 g. The VAS for sensory stimuli ranged from 0 (no weight) to 'reference weight' (the heaviest weight outside the range of test weights). There were two types of input stimuli and two modes for recording responses for a total of four experimental conditions. Two evaluators independently measured and recorded all the pVAS forms to the nearest millimeter. A total of 2016 stimuli were rated. The overall correlation for ratings of both sensory and cognitive stimuli on eVAS and pVAS was r = 0.91. For paired verbal stimuli the correlation was r = 0.97. For paired sensory stimuli the correlation was r = 0.86. The correlation between group eVAS and pVAS ratings to common verbal stimuli was r = 0.99. For common sensory stimuli the group correlation was r = 0.99. The median of correlations comparing eVAS and pVAS ratings was 0.99 for verbal stimuli and 0.98 for sensory stimuli. Multivariate analyses showed equivalent stimuli to be rated much the same whether entered on paper VAS or PTC touch screen VAS (P < 0.0001). Support was found for the validity of the computer version of the VAS scale.
- Published
- 2002
18. The (Mis)use of One-Way ANOVA Testing in Sociology Research Papers and Their Implications
- Author
-
Nancy Yang
- Subjects
One-way analysis of variance ,Mathematics education ,Sociology ,Analysis of variance - Published
- 2019
19. Randomised trial comparing the recording ability of a novel, electronic emergency documentation system with the AHA paper cardiac arrest record
- Author
-
Eliot B. Grigg, Jeffrey Grigg, Bala G. Nair, A. S. C. Palmer, Peter Oppenheimer, Axel Roesler, Brian C. Ross, and Tim Wu
- Subjects
Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medical Records Systems, Computerized ,Documentation system ,Documentation ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Mean difference ,Medicine ,Humans ,Electronic systems ,Analysis of Variance ,business.industry ,Repeated measures design ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Heart Arrest ,Data quality ,Pulseless electrical activity ,Emergency medicine ,Emergency Medicine ,Noise (video) ,Forms and Records Control ,business ,Emergency Service, Hospital - Abstract
Objective To evaluate the ability of an electronic system created at the University of Washington to accurately document prerecorded VF and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) cardiac arrest scenarios compared with the American Heart Association paper cardiac arrest record. Methods 16 anaesthesiology residents were randomly assigned to view one of two prerecorded, simulated VF and PEA scenarios and asked to document the event with either the paper or electronic system. Each subject then repeated the process with the other video and documentation method. Five types of documentation errors were defined: (1) omission, (2) specification, (3) timing, (4) commission and (5) noise. The mean difference in errors between the paper and electronic methods was analysed using a single factor repeated measures ANOVA model. Results Compared with paper records, the electronic system omitted 6.3 fewer events (95% CI −10.1 to −2.5, p=0.003), which represents a 28% reduction in omission errors. Users recorded 2.9 fewer noise items (95% CI −5.3 to −0.6, p=0.003) when compared with paper, representing a 36% decrease in redundant or irrelevant information. The rate of timing (Δ=−3.2, 95% CI −9.3 to 3.0, p=0.286) and commission (Δ=−4.4, 95% CI −9.4 to 0.5, p=0.075) errors were similar between the electronic system and paper, while the rate of specification errors were about a third lower for the electronic system when compared with the paper record (Δ=−3.2, 95% CI −6.3 to −0.2, p=0.037). Conclusions Compared with paper documentation, documentation with the electronic system captured 24% more critical information during a simulated medical emergency without loss in data quality.
- Published
- 2013
20. Canadian boreal pulp and paper feedstocks contain neuroactive substances that interact in vitro with GABA and dopaminergic systems in the brain
- Author
-
Ammar Saleem, Deborah L. MacLatchy, Vance L. Trudeau, Milestone Craig Brennan, Malar Annal, Andrew Waye, Gabriel Picard, L. Mark Hewitt, Frédéric Harnois, Andrew Tang, John T. Arnason, and José A. Guerrero-Analco
- Subjects
Paper ,Canada ,Environmental Engineering ,Monoamine oxidase ,Glutamate decarboxylase ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,gamma-Aminobutyric acid ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,GABA transaminase ,Goldfish ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Monoamine Oxidase ,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Analysis of Variance ,Glutamate Decarboxylase ,Plant Extracts ,Dopaminergic Neurons ,Dopaminergic ,Brain ,Pollution ,Black spruce ,Neurosecretory Systems ,3. Good health ,Rats ,Isoeugenol ,Tracheophyta ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Phytochemical ,Scintillation Counting ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Pulp and paper wood feedstocks have been previously implicated as a source of chemicals with the ability to interact with or disrupt key neuroendocrine endpoints important in the control of reproduction. We tested nine Canadian conifers commonly used in pulp and paper production as well as 16 phytochemicals that have been observed in various pulp and paper mill effluent streams for their ability to interact in vitro with the enzymes monoamine oxidase (MAO), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), and bind to the benzodiazepine-binding site of the GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)-BZD). These neuroendocrine endpoints are also important targets for treatment of neurological disorders such as anxiety, epilepsy, or depression. MAO and GAD were inhibited by various conifer extracts of different polarities, including major feedstocks such as balsam fir, black spruce, and white spruce. MAO was selectively stimulated or inhibited by many of the tested phytochemicals, with inhibition observed by a group of phenylpropenes (e.g. isoeugenol and vanillin). Selective GAD inhibition was also observed, with all of the resin acids tested being inhibitory. GABA(A)-BZD ligand displacement was also observed. We compiled a table identifying which of these phytochemicals have been described in each of the species tested here. Given the diversity of conifer species and plant chemicals with these specific neuroactivities, it is reasonable to propose that MAO and GAD inhibition reported in effluents is phytochemical in origin. We propose disruption of these neuroendocrine endpoints as a possible mechanism of reproductive inhibition, and also identify an avenue for potential research and sourcing of conifer-derived neuroactive natural products.
- Published
- 2013
21. Extracts from hardwood trees used in commercial paper mills contain biologically active neurochemical disruptors
- Author
-
John T. Arnason, Vance L. Trudeau, Niladri Basu, and Andrew Waye
- Subjects
Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Monoamine oxidase ,Glutamate decarboxylase ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ,Trees ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Radioligand Assay ,Neurotransmitter receptor ,Goldfish ,Aspartic acid ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Receptor ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Monoamine Oxidase ,Transaminases ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Analysis of Variance ,GABAA receptor ,Glutamate Decarboxylase ,Plant Extracts ,Receptors, Dopamine D2 ,Pulp (paper) ,Brain ,Receptors, GABA-A ,Pollution ,Receptors, Muscarinic ,Wood ,Receptors, Neurotransmitter ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,North America ,engineering ,Acetylcholinesterase ,Plant Bark ,Juglone ,Naphthoquinones - Abstract
Following on our discovery that pulp and paper mill effluents can interact with, and disrupt, various neurotransmitter receptors and enzymes important to fish reproduction, we tested wood and bark extracts of 14 Eastern North American hardwood trees used in pulp and paper production. Radioligand binding to neurotransmitter receptors, including the dopamine-2 receptor (D2), the gamma aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABA(A)), N -methyl- d -aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mACh-R), were significantly changed following in vitro incubations with many but not all extracts. Activities of neurotransmitter-related enzymes monoamine oxidase (MAO), GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) were also significantly altered. Butternut wood extracts and the isolated compound juglone significantly inhibited the enzymatic activities of MAO and GAD which we suggest may be part of a mechanism that may negatively affect fish reproduction. Besides giving credence to the hypothesis that neuroactive compounds in pulp and paper effluent may originate in the trees used by mills, the results reported here also indicate important neuropharmacological activities in hardwoods which may help identify new sources of biologically active natural products.
- Published
- 2011
22. WASP (Write a Scientific Paper) using Excel 9: Analysis of variance
- Author
-
Victor Grech
- Subjects
Analysis of Variance ,Biomedical Research ,Computer science ,business.industry ,education ,Microsoft excel ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Biostatistics ,Medical Writing ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Software ,030225 pediatrics ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Statistics ,Analysis of variance ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Statistical hypothesis testing - Abstract
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) may be required by researchers as an inferential statistical test when more than two means require comparison. This paper explains how to perform ANOVA in Microsoft Excel.
- Published
- 2018
23. Isolation and characterization of alkalotolerant bacteria and optimization of process parameters for decolorization and detoxification of pulp and paper mill effluent by Taguchi approach
- Author
-
Monika Mishra and Indu Shekhar Thakur
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Color ,Industrial Waste ,Bioengineering ,Bacillus ,Biology ,engineering.material ,Alkalies ,complex mixtures ,Microbiology ,Lignin ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,Water Purification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Manganese peroxidase ,Environmental Chemistry ,Effluent ,Phylogeny ,Analysis of Variance ,Waste management ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,food and beverages ,Reproducibility of Results ,Paper mill ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,Adaptation, Physiological ,chemistry ,Xylanase ,engineering ,Comet Assay ,business ,Black liquor ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Waste disposal - Abstract
Four different bacterial strains were isolated from pulp and paper mill sludge in which one alkalotolerant isolate (LP1) having higher capability to remove color and lignin, was identified as Bacillus sp. by 16S RNA sequencing. Optimization of process parameters for decolorization was initially performed to select growth factors which were further substantiated by Taguchi approach in which seven factors, % carbon, % black liquor, duration, pH, temperature, stirring and inoculum size, at two levels, applying L-8 orthogonal array were taken. Maximum color was removed at pH 8, temperature 35°C, stirring 200 rpm, sucrose (2.5%), 48 h, 5% (w/v) inoculum size and 10% black liquor. After optimization 2-fold increase in color and lignin removal from 25–69% and 28–53%, respectively, indicated significance of Taguchi approach in decolorization and delignification of lignin in pulp and paper mill effluent. Enzymes involved in the process of decolorization of effluent were found to be xylanase (54 U/ml) and manganese peroxidase (28 U/ml). Treated effluent was also evaluated for toxicity by Comet assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 36 as model organism, which indicated 58% reduction after treatment by bacterium.
- Published
- 2009
24. Evaluating the potential of effluents and wood feedstocks from pulp and paper mills in Brazil, Canada, and New Zealand to affect fish reproduction: chemical profiling and in vitro assessments
- Author
-
A.H. Slade, Jagmohan Kohli, Douglas A. Holdway, D. Scott Smith, Rodrigo Orrego, Mark R. Servos, Brendan D. Smith, Philip D. Scott, Brian I. O'Connor, Tibor Kovacs, Heidi Engelhardt, Vance L. Trudeau, Tatiana Heid Furley, John T. Arnason, Andrew Waye, Milestone Craig Brennan, L. Mark Hewitt, and Deborah L. MacLatchy
- Subjects
Paper ,Canada ,Chromatography, Gas ,Elemental chlorine free ,Fish reproduction ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,engineering.material ,Endocrine Disruptors ,complex mixtures ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Goldfish ,Botany ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Effluent ,Monoamine Oxidase ,Waste Products ,Analysis of Variance ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,Glutamate Decarboxylase ,Pulp (paper) ,Reproduction ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,In vitro toxicology ,Paper mill ,Estrogens ,General Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,Yeast ,Receptors, Androgen ,engineering ,business ,Kraft paper ,Brazil ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,New Zealand - Abstract
This study investigates factors affecting reproduction in fish exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents by comparing effluents from countries with varying levels of documented effects. To explore the hypothesis of wood as a common source of endocrine disrupting compounds, feedstocks from each country were analyzed. Analyses included in vitro assays for androgenic activity (binding to goldfish testis androgen receptors), estrogenic activity (yeast estrogen screen), and neurotransmitter enzyme inhibition (monoamine oxidase and glutamic acid decarboxylase). Chemical analyses included conventional extractives, known androgens, and gas chromatograph index (GCI) profiles. All effluents and wood contained androgenic activity, particularly in nonpolar fractions, although known androgens were undetected. Effluents with low suspended solids, having undergone conventional biotreatment had lower androgenic activities. Estrogenic activity was only associated with Brazilian effluents and undetected in wood. All effluents and wood inhibited neurotransmitter enzymes, predominantly in polar fractions. Kraft elemental chlorine free mills were associated with the greatest neurotransmitter inhibition. Effluent and wood GCI profiles were correlated with androgenic activity and neurotransmitter enzyme inhibition. Differences in feedstock bioactivities were not reflected in effluents, implying mill factors mitigate bioactive wood components. No differences in bioactivities could be discerned on the basis of country of origin, thus we predict effluents in regions lacking monitoring would affect fish reproduction and therefore recommend implementing such programs.
- Published
- 2011
25. [Population health risk from chemical air pollutants in a city with developed pulp and paper industry]
- Author
-
T N, Ungurianu, S M, Novikov, R V, Buzinov, and A B, Gudkov
- Subjects
Male ,Paper ,Risk ,Air Pollutants ,Analysis of Variance ,Adolescent ,Respiratory Tract Diseases ,Urban Health ,Infant ,Russia ,Child, Preschool ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Female ,Vascular Diseases ,Child ,Aged - Abstract
to assess an effect of chemical contaminants contained in emissions of pulp and paper mill on prevalence respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in population of Novodvinsk. The average annual concentrations of chemicals of concern were calculated by modeling. A prevalence of population was studied by using of the primary medical documentation in sex among children from 0 to 17 and adults from 65 and older Hazard index (HIi) was used to assess the non-cancer health effects. Unit risk was used to calculate individual cancer risk (CR). Testing of null hypothesis was conducted by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and ?2. The hazard index for respiratory tract (HIi = 3,54; 95% CI: 3.34-3.70) and cardiovascular system (HIi = 0.78; 95% /DE: 0.74-0.82) in the district close to the Arkhangelsk pulp and paper mill (APPM) were higher than in remote districts. In this district the prevalence of bronchial asthma in boys (30.7+13.8%), women (47.0+9.8%) and men (127.4+45.2%) was the highest. Also in this district the prevalence of hypertension among women (139.1+14.4%) and men (311.5+56.1%), diseases of veins among women (48.2+10.8%) and diseases of upper respiratory tract among men (177.0+36.4%) was higher than in remote districts from the APPM. The level of CR in the district located close by the APPM was acceptable (1.0 (10-5; 95% CI: 9.0 (10-6-1, 18(10-5).
- Published
- 2010
26. [Optimization of paper-roast process of Radix Vladimiriae by orthogonal design]
- Author
-
Hui-Ling, Hu, Zhan-Guo, Wang, Chao-Mei, Fu, Dong-Yan, Jia, Yao, He, and Yan, Qu
- Subjects
Paper ,Quality Control ,Analysis of Variance ,Lactones ,Plants, Medicinal ,Oils, Volatile ,Technology, Pharmaceutical ,Water ,Asteraceae ,Plant Roots ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
To study the optimum paper-roast conditions of Radix Vladimiriae.The contents of naphtha and costunolide and dehydrcostuslactone were used as estimated indexes. The paper-roast process of Radix Vladimiriae was studied by orthogonal design.The optimum condition was adding moderate water and marinates firstly, after getting rid of the water and experimenting 6 hours' closed lay, cutting Radix Vladimiriae into slices with 10 centimeters and drying under natural condition. One layer paper by one layer Radix Vladimiriae slice roasted 2 hours at 120 degrees C.The paper-roast process is stable, controllable and can provide referenced foundation for the production of paper-roast Radix Vladimiriae.
- Published
- 2009
27. Pretreatment of paper tube residuals for improved biogas production
- Author
-
Ilona Sárvári Horváth, Mohammad J. Taherzadeh, Magnus Lundin, Anna Teghammar, and Johan Yngvesson
- Subjects
Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Sodium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Conservation of Energy Resources ,Explosions ,Bioengineering ,Lignin ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biogas ,Phenols ,Anaerobiosis ,Hydrogen peroxide ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Steam explosion ,Analysis of Variance ,Waste management ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Substrate (chemistry) ,General Medicine ,Pulp and paper industry ,Oxygen ,Steam ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Solubility ,Biofuel ,Sodium hydroxide ,Biofuels - Abstract
Paper tube residuals, which are lignocellulosic wastes, have been studied as substrate for biogas (methane) production. Steam explosion and nonexplosive hydrothermal pretreatment, in combination with sodium hydroxide and/or hydrogen peroxide, have been used to improve the biogas production. The treatment conditions of temperature, time and addition of NaOH and H(2)O(2) were statistically evaluated for methane production. Explosive pretreatment was more successful than the nonexplosive method, and gave the best results at 220 degrees C, 10 min, with addition of both 2% NaOH and 2% H(2)O(2). Digestion of the pretreated materials at these conditions yielded 493 N ml/g VS methane which was 107% more than the untreated materials. In addition, the initial digestion rate was improved by 132% compared to the untreated samples. The addition of NaOH was, besides the explosion effect, the most important factor to improve the biogas production.
- Published
- 2009
28. Psychometric Equivalence of a Paper-Based and Computerized (iPad) Version of the Memory Orientation Screening Test (MOST®)
- Author
-
Mitchell Clionsky and Emily Clionsky
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychometrics ,Standardized test ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Audiology ,Developmental psychology ,Correlation ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Memory ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ,Neuropsychological assessment ,Equivalence (measure theory) ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Observer Variation ,Analysis of Variance ,Memory Disorders ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Neuropsychology ,Reproducibility of Results ,Cognition ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Female ,Psychology ,business ,Neurocognitive - Abstract
The Memory Orientation Screening Test (MOST(®)) is a 29-point scale for identifying and following mild and major neurocognitive disorders in older patients. Previous research demonstrated validity in separating patients with normal vs. impaired cognition and high correlations with tests of memory and attention. This study compares the original paper-based MOST(®) with a computerized (iPad app) version, the MOST(®)-96120, to determine the equivalence of formats. A total of 98 consecutive older patients were administered identical versions of the MOST and MOST-96120 in a random order, separated by 1 hour of interspersed testing, in a 3-hour neuropsychological evaluation. MOST and MOST-96120 scores were compared with each other, with global cognitive ratings, and with standardized tests of memory and attention. Both versions had equivalent means and standard deviations, very high inter-test correlation (r = .92, p < .001), and equal correlations with outcome measures. Both versions separated patients into normal vs. mild NCD vs. major NCD categories with equal accuracy. ANOVA showed no significant difference between versions or presentation order. Both versions correlated very highly with cognitive level and neuropsychological endpoints, confirming previous research. The MOST-96120 is a computerized neuropsychological assessment device that demonstrates equivalence with its paper-based original, allowing for confident reliance on the findings of previous research.
- Published
- 2014
29. Parasites of winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) as an additional bioindicator of stress-related exposure to untreated pulp and paper mill effluent: a 5-year field study
- Author
-
R. A. Khan and S. M. Billiard
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,Newfoundland and Labrador ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Flounder ,Pleuronectidae ,Toxicology ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,Stress, Physiological ,Ecotoxicology ,Animals ,Gonads ,Pleuronectes ,Analysis of Variance ,biology ,Geography ,business.industry ,Ecology ,Paper mill ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Winter flounder ,Body Constitution ,business ,Bioindicator ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Waste disposal - Abstract
A study was conducted in a marine inlet to assess the effects of untreated discharges from a pulp and paper mill, a municipality, and industries in western Newfoundland on winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus), a fish species shown previously to be sensitive to environmental contaminants in sediment. The fish were captured by SCUBA divers about 2 km down-current from the mill discharging effluent containing resin acids, and at three reference sites 2 to 11 km away near the opposite shore, each spring in five consecutive years and the fish were necropsied on site. A total of 360 and 339 flounder were examined near the mill and references sites, respectively. Several bioindicators were used to assess fish health including parasites. More fish exhibiting external and microscopic lesions in several tissues, lower condition factors, elevated hepatosomatic index, and delayed reproductive development were observed in samples taken near the paper mill than at the reference sites. A higher prevalence of an ectoparasite, Cryptocotyle lingua, but a significantly lower mean abundance of three metazoans infecting the digestive tract was noted in fish near the mill than in the reference samples. These results, comprising abnormal fish size distribution, low body condition factor, external and internal lesions, enlarged liver, delayed gonadal development, and changes in parasitism, were stress-related, indicative of impaired health, and associated primarily with untreated discharges from the pulp and paper mill. This integrated and multidisciplinary study also provides further evidence on the use of fish parasites as a valid and an additional bioindicator in programs monitoring environmental contaminants.
- Published
- 2006
30. Effect of cellulose/hemicellulose and lignin on the bioavailability of toluene sorbed to waste paper
- Author
-
Detlef R.U. Knappe, Ye Chen, and Morton A. Barlaz
- Subjects
Paper ,complex mixtures ,Lignin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polysaccharides ,North Carolina ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,Hemicellulose ,Organic matter ,Carbon Radioisotopes ,Cellulose ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Trichoderma ,Analysis of Variance ,Pseudomonas putida ,Sorption ,General Chemistry ,Biodegradation ,Carbon Dioxide ,Toluene ,Bioavailability ,Refuse Disposal ,Aspergillus ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,chemistry ,Adsorption - Abstract
Paper constitutes about 38% of municipal solid waste, much of which is disposed of in landfills. Sorption to such lignocellulosic materials may limit the bioavailability of organic contaminants in landfills. The objective of this study was to identify the effect of individual biopolymers in paper on toluene sorption and bioavailability by subjecting fresh and anaerobically degraded office paper and newsprint to enzymatic hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis. Enzymatic degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose had no effect on toluene bioavailability. In contrast, acid-insoluble lignin controlled toluene sorption and bioavailability for both fresh and degraded newsprint. Acid-insoluble lignin could explain only 54% of the toluene sorption capacity of degraded office paper however, suggesting that crude protein and/or lipophilic organic matter were also important sorbent phases. Toluene sorbed to degraded office paper was also less bioavailable than toluene sorbed to an equivalent mass of lignin extracted from this sorbent. The latter result suggests that a fraction of toluene sorbed to degraded office paper may have been sequestered by lipophilic organic matter. The sorption and bioavailability data indicate that the preferential decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose relative to lignin in landfills should not decrease the overall toluene sorption capacity of paperwaste or increase the bioavailability of sorbed toluene.
- Published
- 2004
31. Antioxidant capacity of Kraft black liquor from the pulp and paper industry
- Author
-
Elizabeth, Perez-Perez and Antonio J, Rodríguez-Malaver
- Subjects
Paper ,Waste Products ,Analysis of Variance ,Lipid Peroxides ,Tissue Extracts ,Iron ,Temperature ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Lignin ,Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ,Antioxidants ,Rats ,Animals ,Lipid Peroxidation - Abstract
The effect of Kraft black liquor on the lipid peroxidation of rat homogenates was examined. The lipid peroxidation of homogenates from different organs (kidney, brain, lung, and liver) was induced by Fenton's reagent. The products of lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxides and TBARS were measured by FOX method and TBA assay, respectively. It was found that black liquor significantly reduced the concentration of TBARS, but not the concentration of lipid hydroperoxides. This inhibition was directly proportional to the concentration of Kraft black liquor and the incubation temperature. Conclusively, the black liquor from pulp and paper industry exhibited an antioxidant activity.
- Published
- 2005
32. Quantitative Comparison of the E-book and Paper-book by using Eye-tracker
- Author
-
Seung Nam Min, Young-Jin Cho, Min Ho Lee, Jun Hyeok Choi, and Jung Yong Kim
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Speech recognition ,education ,Audiology ,Legibility ,humanities ,symbols.namesake ,Bonferroni correction ,Post-hoc analysis ,Saccade ,Multiple comparisons problem ,Fixation (visual) ,medicine ,symbols ,Eye tracking ,Analysis of variance ,Psychology - Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the difference of legibility between e-book and paper-book by using eye-tracker. Background: Despite of many researches on the e-book and paper-book, there are few researches on the difference between e-book and paper-book. In addition, the researches on the e-book were only dependent on the e-book reader. This study focused on the comparison of e-book and paper-book controlled with the same environments. Method: This study was conducted with 2×3 within-subject design. Independent variables include the types of book (e-book, paper-book) and font sizes (8pt, 10pt, 12pt). Dependent variables are four measures of fixation duration, saccade length, blink rate and subjective discomfort. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measured design was used to investigate the main and interaction effects of independent variables on each of the dependent variables. The multiple comparisons were performed by post hoc analysis and Bonferroni correction was applied. Results Fixation duration at e-book was longer than paper-book (p
- Published
- 2012
33. Civil Protective Order Effectiveness: Justice or Just a Piece of Paper?
- Author
-
Robert T Walker and TK Logan
- Subjects
Adult ,Health (social science) ,Poison control ,Personal Satisfaction ,Suicide prevention ,Economic Justice ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Young Adult ,Law Enforcement ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,Medicine ,Interpersonal Relations ,Crime Victims ,Stalking ,Analysis of Variance ,business.industry ,Battered Women ,Law enforcement ,Human factors and ergonomics ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,United States ,Harm ,Spouse Abuse ,Women's Health ,Female ,business ,Law ,Social psychology ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Many victims, victim advocates, and even law enforcement believe that protective orders are “just a piece of paper,” suggesting that they do not work or are not effective. This study examined protective order effectiveness by following 210 women for 6 months after obtaining a protective order. There are four main themes that were identified from the study results. First, protective orders were not violated for half of the women in the sample during the 6-month follow-up period. Second, even among those who experienced violations, there were significant reductions in abuse and violence. Third, overall, women were less fearful of future harm from the PO partner at the 6-month follow-up, and a vast majority felt the protective order was fairly or extremely effective. Fourth, stalking emerges as a significant risk factor for protective order violations, sustained fear, and lower perceived effectiveness of the protective order. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
- Published
- 2010
34. Stress-related changes in cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus, living near a paper mill
- Author
-
R. A. Khan, D. E. Barker, and I. R. G. Mercer
- Subjects
Paper ,Hemosiderosis ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Industrial Waste ,Fresh Water ,Toxicology ,Kidney ,Industrial waste water ,Environmental protection ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Ecotoxicology ,Animals ,Water pollution ,Gonads ,Analysis of Variance ,Tissue Embedding ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,Fishes ,Paper mill ,General Medicine ,Environmental Exposure ,Pollution ,Body Height ,Liver ,Environmental science ,business ,Spleen ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Published
- 1997
35. Comparison of Student Performance in Paper-Based Versus Computer-Based Testing
- Author
-
Bridget Anakwe
- Subjects
Class (computer programming) ,Variables ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Applied psychology ,Computer based ,Academic achievement ,Social class ,Education ,Test (assessment) ,Covariate ,Mathematics education ,Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) ,Analysis of variance ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
The author investigated the impact of assessment methods on student performance on accounting tests. Specifically, the author used analysis of variance to determine whether the use of computer-based tests instead of paper-based tests affects students' traditional test scores in accounting examinations. The author included 2 independent variables, student gender and student class, as covariates. The findings indicate that there was no significant difference in the values of the students' performance according to the 2 methods of assessment. The findings also revealed that neither student gender nor class was correlated to the test scores in either form of testing.
- Published
- 2008
36. Peer Review at the American Journal of Roentgenology: How Reviewer and Manuscript Characteristics Affected Editorial Decisions on 196 Major Papers
- Author
-
Charles B. Jenkins, Erik K. Paulson, James M. Provenzale, Mark A. Kliewer, David M. DeLong, and Kelly S. Freed
- Subjects
Analysis of Variance ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,education ,MEDLINE ,Manuscripts, Medical as Topic ,General Medicine ,Bibliometrics ,Subspecialty ,humanities ,Country of origin ,Logistic Models ,Family medicine ,Correlation analysis ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Statistical analysis ,Ordered logit ,Imaging technique ,Periodicals as Topic ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the relative influence of manuscript characteristics and peer-reviewer attributes in the assessment of manuscripts.Over a 6-month period, all major papers submitted to the American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR) were entered into a database that recorded manuscript characteristics, demographic profiles of reviewers, and the disposition of the manuscript. Manuscript characteristics included reviewer ratings on five scales (rhetoric, structure, science, import, and overall recommendation); the subspecialty class of the paper; the primary imaging technique; and the country of origin. Demographic profiles of the reviewers included age, sex, subspecialty, years of reviewing, academic rank, and practice type. Statistical analysis included correlation analysis, ordinal logistic regression, and analysis of variance.A total of 445 reviews of 196 manuscripts were the work of 335 reviewers. Of the 196 submitted manuscripts, 20 (10.2%) were accepted, 106 (54.1%) were rejected, and 70 (35.7%) were rejected with the opportunity to resubmit. Regarding manuscript characteristics, we found that the country of origin, score on the science scale, and score on the import scale were statistically significant variables for predicting the final disposition of a manuscript. Of the reviewer attributes, we found a statistically significant association between greater reviewer age and also higher academic rank with lower scores on the import scale. Reviewer concordance was higher for structure, science, and overall scores than on the rhetoric and import scores. Greater variability in the overall scoring of papers could be attributed to the reviewer than the manuscript, but both factors combined explain only 23% of the total variability.At the AJR, manuscript acceptance was most strongly associated with reviewer scoring of the science and import of a major paper and also with the country of origin. Reviewers who were older and of higher academic rank tended to discount the importance of manuscripts.
- Published
- 2004
37. Quality and content of abstracts in papers reporting about drug exposures during pregnancy
- Author
-
Crystal J. J. Lee, Rashid Abu-Ghazalah, Julia Perstin, Thomas R. Einarson, Adrienne Einarson, Jennifer Manley, Payam Zahedi, Ryan W. Smith, and Margaret M. Loniewska
- Subjects
Quality Control ,Embryology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Databases, Factual ,Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ,Abstracting and Indexing ,MEDLINE ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Fetus ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Quality (business) ,media_common ,Publishing ,business.industry ,Confounding ,Absolute risk reduction ,Information quality ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Cohort ,Female ,Analysis of variance ,business ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Most clinicians read only the abstract of papers in scientific journals. Therefore, it is very important that abstracts contain as much information as possible, to summarize the data succinctly. Our objectives were to evaluate the quality of information in abstracts reporting human fetal outcomes following drug exposure during pregnancy. METHODS: We developed quality criteria based on previous work, modifying them for use with pregnancy outcomes. Quality scores were calculated as present/absent for all of the equally weighted criteria, then expressed as percentages (present/[present + absent]). We examined a random sample of 100 abstracts obtained through searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Web of Science databases from 1990 to 2005. Average quality scores were compared across designs (cohort, case-control, meta-analysis, and mixed design) Using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and structured/unstructured formats using Student's t test. RESULTS: the overall average quality was 59.2% ± 14% (median, 61.5%; range, 15.4–83.3%). Quality was not significantly different across designs (P = .16) or between structured and unstructured abstracts (P = .44). Quality scores increased over time (Rho = 0.23, P = .02). Most frequently absent were baseline risk (94%), drug dose (91%), nonsignificant P values (72%), confounders (69%), significant P values (57%), and risk difference (48%). CONCLUSIONS: Abstracts provide insufficient information, particularly baseline risk values, for readers to make evidence-based decisions regarding drug use during pregnancy. Efforts need to be made to improve the quality of abstracts and include critical information such as baseline risk. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 2006
38. Paper–based versus computer–based assessment: key factors associated with the test mode effect
- Author
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Roy B. Clariana and Patricia Wallace
- Subjects
Higher education ,business.industry ,Applied psychology ,Educational technology ,Academic achievement ,Education ,Test (assessment) ,Mode (computer interface) ,Pedagogy ,Mode effect ,Analysis of variance ,business ,Psychology ,Test data - Abstract
This investigation seeks to confirm several key factors in computer-based versus paper-based assessment. Based on earlier research, the factors considered here include content familiarity, computer familiarity, competitiveness, and gender. Following classroom instruction, freshman business undergraduates (N = 105) were randomly assigned to either a computer-based or identical paper-based test. ANOVA of test data showed that the computer-based test group outperformed the paper-based test group. Gender, competitiveness, and computer familiarity were NOT related to this performance difference, though content familiarity was. Higher-attaining students benefited most from computer-based assessment relative to higher-attaining students under paper-based testing. With the current increase in computer-based assessment, instructors and institutions must be aware of and plan for possible test mode effects.
- Published
- 2002
39. Student learning outcomes associated with video vs. paper cases in a public health dentistry course
- Author
-
Donald L, Chi, Jacqueline E, Pickrell, and Christine A, Riedy
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Analysis of Variance ,Educational Technology ,Videotape Recording ,Problem-Based Learning ,Public Health Dentistry ,Medical Records ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Cohort Studies ,Cognition ,Humans ,Female ,Educational Measurement ,Education, Dental ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Educational technologies such as video cases can improve health professions student learning outcomes, but few studies in dentistry have evaluated video-based technologies. The goal of this study was to compare outcomes associated with video and paper cases used in an introductory public health dentistry course. This was a retrospective cohort study with a historical control group. Based on dual coding theory, the authors tested the hypotheses that dental students who received a video case (n=37) would report better affective, cognitive, and overall learning outcomes than students who received a paper case (n=75). One-way ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses across ten cognitive, two affective, and one general assessment measures (α=0.05). Students in the video group reported a significantly higher overall mean effectiveness score than students in the paper group (4.2 and 3.3, respectively; p0.001). Video cases were also associated with significantly higher mean scores across the remaining twelve measures and were effective in helping students achieve cognitive (e.g., facilitating good discussions, identifying public health problems, realizing how health disparities might impact their future role as dentists) and affective (e.g., empathizing with vulnerable individuals, appreciating how health disparities impact real people) goals. Compared to paper cases, video cases significantly improved cognitive, affective, and overall learning outcomes for dental students.
- Published
- 2014
40. Monitoring the Effects of Pulp and Paper Effluent Is Restricted in Genetically Distinct Populations of Common Bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus)
- Author
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Kai N. Stölting, Christian Michel, Andrew Clarke, Mark I. Stevens, Brendan J. Hicks, Louis A. Tremblay, and Michael R. van den Heuvel
- Subjects
Gene Flow ,Genotype ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Fish species ,Population genetics ,Biology ,Gobiomorphus cotidianus ,Rivers ,Species Specificity ,ddc:570 ,Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,Environmental Chemistry ,Sexual Maturation ,education ,Effluent ,media_common ,Analysis of Variance ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,Age Factors ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Reproductive failure ,Perciformes ,Liver ,Liver detoxification ,Reproduction ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring ,New Zealand - Abstract
The common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus), a smallbodied New Zealand native fish species, was used to monitor population impacts of multiple effluents in the Tarawera River, New Zealand. In an initial survey, the absence of reproductive development at the expected spawning time for common bully was observed in a population downstream of effluent discharges. Subsequently, we examined the hypotheses that the observed changes were due to effluent exposure, migratory patterns, or genetic differences between populations. Liver detoxification enzyme activity and stable isotopes provided evidence against upstream migration of sexually mature bully. The observed presence of developed gonads in the downstream population during winter season resulted in the rejection of the hypothesis that reproductive failure was due to effluent exposure, and it was concluded that there were substantial differences in reproductive timing. Genetic analyses of two upstream, one downstream, and one population from a nearby coastal river indicated the upstream (reference) and downstream (effluent exposed) bully in the river formed genetically distinct populations. The identification of a nearby river population with similar reproductive timing and high genetic similarity to the effluent-exposed population suggests that the observed differences in the genetics of the downstream population were not caused by effluent exposure. The genetic analysis did highlight the lack of donwstream dispersion and gene flow in the river which could possibly be related to anthropogenic stress.
- Published
- 2007
41. Study of superoxide dismutase's expression in the colon produced by azoxymethane and inositol hexaphosfate's paper, in mice
- Author
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Celso Massachi Inouye, Guido Marks, Djalma José Fagundes, and Eva Glória Abrão Siufi do Amaral
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Antioxidant ,biology ,business.industry ,Azoxymethane ,medicine.medical_treatment ,SOD1 ,Superoxide dismutase ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Internal medicine ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,Surgery ,Inositol ,Inositol hexaphosphate ,Analysis of variance ,business ,Carcinogen - Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), with use of antioxidant inositol hexaphosfate, in the presence of the carcinogen azoxymethane, in FCA of colon rats. METHODS: Wistar rats (n=48) were distributed in four groups of 12 mice. Divided in control (n=12); with azoxymethane administration AOM (n=12); administration of IP6 (n=12) and with administration of IP6/AOM (n=12). The subcutaneous administration of azoxymethane happened in the week 3 and 4 of the experiment, in dose 20mg/Kg, weekly; and administration of IP6 to 1% in water of drinking for 6 weeks in the group 3 and 4. The identification of the expression SOD-1 was accomplished through the quantification imunohistochemistry by the image processing attended by computer in crypts and focus of aberrant crypts in right colon. RESULTS: The group control presented expression of SOD1, on average 16,0%; group AOM, 26,7%; group IP6, 16,9%; group IP6/AOM, 20,9%. Variance analysis among the groups, was calculated 0,0078. CONCLUSION: The azoxymethane increase expression SOD1, while inositol hexaphosphate decreases in a significant way the expression of SOD1 promoted by the administration of the carcinogen azoxymethane.
- Published
- 2006
42. A comparison of World-Wide Web and paper-and-pencil personality questionnaires
- Author
-
Frances Annie Pettit
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Personality Inventory ,Psychometrics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Extreme Response ,World Wide Web ,Social Desirability ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Personality ,General Psychology ,Pencil (mathematics) ,Social desirability ,media_common ,Analysis of Variance ,Internet ,Data collection ,Patient Selection ,Attitude ,Female ,Psychology (miscellaneous) ,Computer anxiety ,Personality Assessment Inventory ,Psychology - Abstract
Does the manifestation of response set effects in World-Wide Web (WWW) questionnaire responses differ from that in paper-and-pencil (PP) questionnaire responses? Two thousand six hundred and forty-nine volunteers responded to a WWW questionnaire, and 458 volunteers responded to a PP questionnaire consisting of five personality scales. Five response sets were examined. For four of them--random response, item nonresponse, extreme response, and acquiescent response--no statistically significant differences between PP and WWW data were found. The PP administration elicited a statistically higher number of errors (uncodable responses), although eta 2 was less than .02. An analysis of interitem and interscale correlations did not differentiate WWW and PP data. Data from the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, the Perfectionist Self-Presentation Scale, and the Computer Anxiety Scale did not differentiate WWW and PP data in terms of either means or scale reliabilities. It was concluded that WWW data may be comparable to PP data and that the WWW is a potentially useful and valid data collection tool.
- Published
- 2002
43. Cross-Mode Comparability of Computer-Based Testing (CBT) Versus Paper-Pencil Based Testing (PPT): An Investigation of Testing Administration Mode among Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners
- Author
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Monirosadat Hosseini, Seyyed Morteza Hashemi Toroujeni, and Hooshang Khoshsima
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Vocabulary ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Comparability ,Applied psychology ,Computer based ,050301 education ,050109 social psychology ,Language and Linguistics ,Education ,Language assessment ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Pearson Correlation Test ,Analysis of variance ,Psychology ,0503 education ,Social psychology ,Pencil (mathematics) ,Statistical hypothesis testing ,media_common - Abstract
Advent of technology has caused growing interest in using computers to convert conventional paper and pencil-based testing (Henceforth PPT) into Computer-based testing (Henceforth CBT) in the field of education during last decades. This constant promulgation of computers to reshape the conventional tests into computerized format permeated the language assessment field in recent years. But, enjoying advantages of computers in language assessment raise the concerns of the effects that computerized mode of testing may have on CBT performance. Thus, this study investigated the score comparability of Vocabulary in Use test taken by 30 Iranian undergraduate students studying at a state university located in Chabahar region of Iran (CMU) to see whether scores from two administrations of testing mode were different. Therefore, two similar tests were administered to the male and female participants on two testing mode occasions with four weeks interval. Employing One-Way ANOVA statistical test to compare the mean scores and Pearson Correlation test to find the relationship between mode preference and performance revealed that two sets of scores were not different and gender difference was not also considered a variable that might affect performance on CBT. Based on the results, computerized version of the test can be considered a favorable alternative for the state undergraduate students in Iran.
- Published
- 2017
44. Stress urinary incontinence and quality of life: a reliability study of a condition-specific instrument in paper and web-based versions
- Author
-
M, Sjöström, H, Stenlund, S, Johansson, G, Umefjord, and E, Samuelsson
- Subjects
Adult ,Sweden ,Analysis of Variance ,Internet ,Adolescent ,Urinary Incontinence, Stress ,Reproducibility of Results ,Middle Aged ,Young Adult ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Female ,Aged - Abstract
Quality of life is an important outcome measure in studies of urinary incontinence. Electronic collection of data has several advantages. We examined the reliability of the Swedish version of the highly recommended condition-specific quality of life questionnaire International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Quality of Life (ICIQ-LUTSqol), in paper and web-based formats in women with stress urinary incontinence.Women aged 18-70 years, with stress urinary incontinence at least once weekly, were recruited via the project's website and answered the ICIQ-LUTSqol questionnaire. Respondents completed either the paper version twice (n = 78), or paper and web-based versions once each (n = 54). The ICIQ validation protocol was followed.The mean interval between answers was 18.1 (SD = 3.1) days in the paper versus paper setting and 15.0 (SD = 7.8) days in the paper versus web-based setting. Internal consistency was excellent, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.87 for the paper version and 0.86 for the web-based version. There was a high degree of agreement of overall scores with intraclass correlations in the paper versus paper and paper versus web-based settings: 0.95 (P 0.001) and 0.92 (P 0.001), respectively. The mean of each individual item's weighted kappa value was 0.61 in both settings.The questionnaire is reliable in women with stress urinary incontinence, and it can be used in either a paper or a web-based version.
- Published
- 2011
45. Response randomization of one- and two-person rock-paper-scissors games in individuals with schizophrenia
- Author
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Jaeseung Jeong, Yang-Tae Kim, Sangjoon Hahn, Min Sung Kim, Minhong Lee, Yohan Choi, Kwangyeol Baek, and Khangjune Lee
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Randomization ,Decision Making ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Developmental psychology ,Random Allocation ,Strategy ,Social cognition ,Theory of mind ,Humans ,Interpersonal Relations ,Biological Psychiatry ,Analysis of Variance ,Working memory ,Middle Aged ,Executive functions ,Play and Playthings ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Games, Experimental ,Best response ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,Schizophrenic Psychology ,Psychology ,Cognition Disorders ,Game theory ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Randomization among successive choices is important in adaptive decision-making, particularly for strategic interactions in which the optimal strategy is a mixed strategy. Patients with schizophrenia have been reported to have deficits in random sequential behaviors arising from impaired executive function. However, whether schizophrenic patients exhibit distinct behaviors for response randomization in one- and two-person games requiring different behavioral strategies is not known. The aim of this study was to examine the response randomization of 48 schizophrenic patients and 50 healthy subjects in one- and two-person Rock–Paper–Scissors games. Here we found that the schizophrenic patients exhibited non-random biases distinct from those of the healthy subjects (i.e., stereotypic switching in the one-person game and the tendency to choose the best response against the opponent's previous choice in the two-person game). The entropy of the choice sequences was prominently decreased in the schizophrenic patients for both games, thereby indicating an overall disturbance in the behavioral randomization in adaptive decision-making. These results suggest that the impairment of response randomization in schizophrenic patients manifests differently in interactive and non-interactive situations, which may be useful for the diagnosis and quantification of the severity of the disease.
- Published
- 2012
46. [Considering on the type of ego structure with PDD from the viewpoint of relationship: in response to Hirosawa's paper 'Pervasive developmental disorder in adults; importance of diagnosis in concern to the type of ego structure with PDD']
- Author
-
Ryuji, Kobayashi
- Subjects
Adult ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Ego ,Analysis of Variance ,Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ,Humans ,Electroencephalography ,Child ,Anxiety Disorders - Published
- 2013
47. The skills gap in nursing management in South Africa: a sectoral analysis: a research paper
- Author
-
Rubin Pillay
- Subjects
Self-assessment ,Adult ,Male ,Self-Assessment ,Leadership and Management ,education ,Statistics as Topic ,Nursing ,South Africa ,Professional Competence ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Health care ,Humans ,Nurse Administrators ,Nursing management ,health care economics and organizations ,Analysis of Variance ,Public Sector ,Health management system ,Conceptualization ,business.industry ,Public sector ,Public relations ,Middle Aged ,Private sector ,Leadership ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Nursing, Supervisory ,Sectoral analysis ,Health Care Surveys ,Multivariate Analysis ,Female ,Private Sector ,Clinical Competence ,business ,Factor Analysis, Statistical - Abstract
pillay r. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management 18, 134–144 The skills gap in nursing management in South Africa: a sectoral analysis: a research paper Aim To identify competencies important for effective nursing management and to assess managers’ proficiency therein. Background A lack of management capacity has been identified as the key stumbling block to health delivery in South Africa. Despite nursing managers being central to overcoming the challenges facing health care, there has been a paucity of research that empirically evaluates their skill levels. Methods A survey was conducted among 171 senior nursing managers in South Africa using a self-administered questionnaire. Results Public sector managers assessed themselves as being relatively less competent than private sector managers. The largest skill gaps for public sector managers were for ‘ethico–legal’, ‘task-related’ and ‘controlling’ skills whereas those for private sector managers were for ‘ethico–legal’, ‘health-related ‘ and ‘task-related’ skills. Conclusions This research confirmed the lack of management capacity within the health sector and identified areas in which the skills deficit was most significant for both the public and private sectors. Implications for nursing management These findings reflect the needs of nursing managers and will be useful in the conceptualization, design and delivery of health management programmes aimed at enhancing management and leadership capacity in the health sector in South Africa.
- Published
- 2010
48. Review papers : Variance components for statistical genetics: applications in medical research to characteristics related to human diseases and health
- Author
-
John L. Hopper
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Multivariate statistics ,Epidemiology ,Health Status ,Structure (category theory) ,Multivariate normal distribution ,Social Environment ,01 natural sciences ,010104 statistics & probability ,symbols.namesake ,0504 sociology ,Health Information Management ,Statistics ,Econometrics ,Humans ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics ,Models, Statistical ,Models, Genetic ,05 social sciences ,Genetic Diseases, Inborn ,Genetic Variation ,050401 social sciences methods ,History, 20th Century ,Covariance ,Pedigree ,Darwin (ADL) ,Multivariate Analysis ,Mendelian inheritance ,symbols ,Identifiability ,Analysis of variance - Abstract
RA Fisher introduced variance components in 1918. He synthesized Mendelian inheritance with Darwin's theory of evolution by showing that the genetic variance of a continuous trait could be decomposed into additive and non-additive components. The model can be extended to include environmental factors, interactions, covariation, and non-random mating. Identifiability depends critically on design. Methods of analysis include modelling the mean squares from a fixed effects analysis of variance, and covariance structure modelling, which can be extended to multivariate traits and has been used to study ordinal traits by reference to postulated, unmeasured, latent 'liabilities'. These methods operate on dependent observa tions within independent groups of the same size and structure, and therefore require balanced designs ('regular' pedigrees). A multivariate normal model handles data in its generic form, utilizes data efficiently from all members of pedigrees of unequal size or varying structure, accommodates individuals missing at random, and allows flexible modelling with tests of distributional assumptions and fit. Most analytical methods use least squares or maximum likelihood under normal theory. Robust methods, scale transforma tion, ascertainment, path diagrams and correlational path models (popular in behavioural genetics through addressing nonrandom mating and social interactions), 'heritability', and the contribution and limitations of statistical modelling to the 'nature-nurture' debate, are discussed.
- Published
- 1993
49. Patient compliance with paper and electronic diaries
- Author
-
Joseph E. Schwartz, Michael R. Hufford, Arthur A. Stone, Saul Shiffman, and Joan E. Broderick
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Medical Records Systems, Computerized ,InformationSystems_INFORMATIONINTERFACESANDPRESENTATION(e.g.,HCI) ,Electronic document ,Electronic diary ,Medical Records ,InformationSystems_MODELSANDPRINCIPLES ,Electronic records ,Primary outcome ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Patient compliance ,Aged ,Pain Measurement ,Pharmacology ,Analysis of Variance ,business.industry ,Medical record ,Data Collection ,Reproducibility of Results ,Middle Aged ,Physical therapy ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS ,business - Abstract
Paper diaries are commonly used in health care and clinical research to assess patient experiences. There is concern that patients do not comply with diary protocols, possibly invalidating the benefit of diary data. Compliance with paper diaries was examined with a paper diary and with an electronic diary that incorporated compliance-enhancing features. Participants were chronic pain patients and they were assigned to use either a paper diary instrumented to track diary use or an electronic diary that time-stamped entries. Participants were instructed to make three pain entries per day at predetermined times for 21 consecutive days. Primary outcome measures were reported vs actual compliance with paper diaries and actual compliance with paper diaries (defined by comparing the written times and the electronically-recorded times of diary use). Actual compliance was recorded by the electronic diary. Participants submitted diary cards corresponding to 90% of assigned times (+/-15 min). However, electronic records indicated that actual compliance was only 11%, indicating a high level of faked compliance. On 32% of all study days the paper diary binder was not opened, yet reported compliance for these days exceeded 90%. For the electronic diary, the actual compliance rate was 94%. In summary, participants with chronic pain enrolled in a study for research were not compliant with paper diaries but were compliant with an electronic diary with enhanced compliance features. The findings call into question the use of paper diaries and suggest that electronic diaries with compliance-enhancing features are a more effective way of collecting diary information.
- Published
- 2003
50. Equivalency of computer-based and paper-and-pencil testing
- Author
-
S, DeAngelis
- Subjects
Analysis of Variance ,Humans ,Female ,Dental Hygienists ,Educational Measurement ,Computer Literacy ,Computer-Assisted Instruction - Abstract
This study examined the equivalence of computer- and paper-based versions of an examination through score differences across the two test formats as well as students' attitudes toward and perceptions of computer-based examinations. Thirty senior dental hygiene students were randomly divided into two equal groups. One took the first examination on computer, while the second took it on paper. Later, the groups were switched for a second examination. In completing the computer version, each student was asked to complete a survey that examined his or her experience with as well as attitude and perceptions toward computer-based testing. Students using the computer performed as well as or better than those using paper; the increase in performance was significant for the first examination (p0.05). Student acceptance of the computer format was mixed, possibly varying with prior exposures to such formats. Benefits of the computer-based examination included reduction in time required for scoring and recording of grades, quicker student progression through the examinations afforded by the digitizing of the visuals, and ease of item analysis for both individual students and the group.
- Published
- 2000
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