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Automated Teller Machines are widely used nowadays by people. But it’s hard to carry their ATM card everywhere, people may forget to have their ATM card or forget their PIN number. The ATM card may get damaged and users can have a situation where they can’tget access to their money. In our proposal, use of biometrics for authentication instead of PIN and ATM card is encouraged. Here, The Face ID is preferred to high priority, as the combination of these biometrics proved to be the best among the identification and verification techniques. The implementation of ATM machines comes with the issue of being accessed by illegitimate users with valid authentication code. The users are verified by comparing the image taken in front of the ATM machine, to the images which are present in the. If the user is legitimate the new image is used to train the model for further accuracy. Thissystem uses open CV to process the image being obtained and Hear Cascade Classifier to detect the faces in the image. The face recognitions done using Local Binary Pattern.

Developers are often reluctant to adapt tothe new framework since they need to allocate time in training and adapt. This study aims to determine the need for benchmarking JS and ReactJS application in a developer’s viewpointcontributing detailed attention to React features and, in this context, evaluating the gap in comparing JS and React applications by considering the performance as principal criteria. To testthe hypothesis, considered optimizedmethods, coding standards, and bestpractices using proper design andstructure, using event listeners in JS, react-virtualized list, avoiding mutated values, and considering the production environment in React JS applications. The results showed a massive difference in the performance between the applications in high traffic situations sincethe React application uses virtual DOM that rendered what is needed at that point,making ReactJS approximately 97% faster than JavaScript. On this basis, React should be considered fordeveloping apps as its advantagesoutweigh its disadvantages, making it easy to migrate for any organizations or developers.

HAR is a field of study that aims to develop algorithms and techniques for automatically identifying and classifying human activities. Different people can execute an activity in various ways, and the same action might have numerous versions. Modern human activity recognition systems are largely taught and utilised on video stream and picture data in order to identify the features and activities, variations in the data having similar or related movements. Human-to-human and human-computer contact both heavily rely on human activity recognition. Systems that are manually operated take much longer and cost more money. The goal of this project is to develop a quicker, more affordable system for recognizing human activity and detect threats proactively through live camera. This system will help the end user in a variety of applications, such as surveillance and assistance in examination centres, hospitals, restricted areas, banks etc. by identifying the activity being carried out in the video or picture and give out alerts if detected any suspicious activity. Not only will this system be affordable, but it also functions as a utility-based system that can be integrated into a variety of applications to speed up and assist with various tasks that require recognition, which will result in significant time savings and high accuracy.

Quantum computing and quantum cryptography are two areas of research that have the potential to transform modern computing and communication. Quantum computing promises to solve computational problems that are beyond the reach of classical computers, while quantum cryptography provides a way to secure communication channels that is immune to eavesdropping. Quantum cryptography is one of the emerging topics in the field of computer industry. This article focuses on quantum cryptography and how this technology makes a valuable contribution to an intensive defense strategy of completely secure key distribution. The scope of this article covers the weaknesses of modern digital cryptographic systems, the basic concepts of quantum cryptography, the practical implementations of this technology, and its limitations. , and finally the future direction that quantum cryptography is headed. We describe the result of an apparatus and protocol designed to perform quantum key distribution, whereby two users do not share any secret information (no private or public keys are known). previously known) initially exchanges a random quantum transmission consisting of veryweakly polarized light rays. In particular, readers can explore the following topics in depth: current cryptographic schemes (symmetric and asymmetric), the difference between quantum and classical computing, challenges of quantum computing, quantum algorithms (Shor and Grover), public key cryptographic schemes affected, symmetry affected schemes, impact on hash functions and post-quantum cryptography

Managers are facing an ever more complex and demanding work environment that requires them to prioritize their organization’s excellence. One of the significant hurdles they encounter is finding ways for their organizations to effectively compete not only within their domestic market but also on an international or global scale. In the organizational context, effective managerial coaching involves five dimensions to be practiced by the immediate superiors, the closest individuals to employees: practicing open communication, promoting working in groups, practicing employees’ orientation, embracing diversity, and facilitating employees’ development. Therefore, their coaching can help employees improve their work performance from time to time. The sensitivity of immediate superiors in enhancing employees’ development by providing required resources for work assignments, such as budget, raw materials, and adequate work equipment to employees, providing clear goals and explanations of assigned tasks, leads to increased employee confidence in completing assigned tasks effectively. Providing sufficient resources enables employees to complete new and more challenging tasks.

The number of papers submitted to academic conferences is steadily rising in many scientific disciplines. To handle this growth, systems for automatic paper-reviewer assignments are increasingly used during the reviewing process. These systems use statistical topic models to characterize the content of submissions and automate the assignment to reviewers. In this paper, we show that this automation can be manipulated using adversarial learning. We propose an attack that adapts a given paper so that it misleads the assignment and selects its own reviewers. Our attack is based on a novel optimization strategy that alternates between the feature space and problem space to realize unobtrusive changes to the paper. To evaluate the feasibility of our attack, we simulate the paper-reviewer assignment of an actual security conference (IEEE S&P) with 165 reviewers on the program committee. Our results show that we can successfully select and remove reviewers without access to the assignment system. Moreover, we demonstrate that the manipulated papers remain plausible and are often indistinguishable from benign submissions., Accepted at USENIX Security Symposium 2023

The existence of pesticide residues in the hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere can cause acute or chronic diseases and deteriorate the environment. Therefore, efficient detection of pesticide residues is of great significance to prevent food poisoning, control food pollution, and protect human lives by recognizing their distribution and concentration. Herein, a novel smartphone-coupled three-layered paper-based microfluidic chip is proposed as a facile platform to detect the pesticides. The stereoscopic capillary-driven fluid transport is enabled by the three-layered microfluidic chip configuration. The detection mechanism is based on the enzyme inhibition reaction and the chromatic reaction. The detection results are obtained by a smartphone and figured out by colorimetric quantitative analysis. Taking advantages of the above merits, we demonstrate the utilization of this smartphone-coupled three-layered paper-based microfluidic chip for the effective analysis of typical pesticides (profenofo and methomyl). The linear ranges of profenofo and methomyl are 0.27-2.1 μmol L

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (microPADs) are emerging as simple-to-use, low-cost point-of-care testing platforms. Such devices are mostly fabricated at present by creating hydrophobic barriers using wax or photoresist patterning on porous paper sheets. Even though devices fabricated using these methods are used and tested with a wide variety of analytes, still they pose many serious practical limitations for low-cost automated mass fabrication for their widespread applicability. We present an affordable and simple two-step process - cut and heat (CH-microPADs) - for the selective fabrication of hydrophilic channels and reservoirs on a wide variety of porous media such as tissue/printing/filter paper and cloth types, such as cotton and polyester, by a lamination process. The technique presents many advantages as compared to existing commonly used methods. The devices possess excellent mechanical strength against bending, folding and twisting, making them virtually unbreakable. They are structurally flexible and show good chemical resistance to various solvents, acids and bases, presenting widespread applicability in areas such as clinical diagnostics, biological sensing applications, food processing, and the chemical industry. Fabricated paper media 96 well-plate CH-microPAD configurations were tested for cell culture applications using mice embryonic fibroblasts and detection of proteins and enzymes using ELISA. With a simple two-step process and minimal human intervention, the technique presents a promising step towards mass fabrication of inexpensive disposable diagnostic devices for both resource-limited and developed regions.

"LINK HERE The Serpent Papers Synopsis Book: J-Bee, son of a military officer, is raised in a violent milieu during the 1960s. After his little brother is persecuted by bullies, J-Bee commits a retaliatory act of brutality, the nature of which scars him. When his best friend, Gilly, volunteers to fight in Vietnam, J-Bee--repulsed by his own violence--refuses to follow either his father or Gilly into the military. Instead, he matriculates at Columbia in 1971, an era of counterculture, drugs and sex and rock 'n roll, in order to seek his redemption. While there, he is introduced to the mysterious Serpent who recites in the campus caf&#8240e, and to the politically active Margo who schools him in anti-war politics and the virtues of peace. Although he feels loyalty to his best friend fighting overseas, he increasingly sympathizes with Margo's rationale against the war. Torn between supporting the war or protesting against it, J-Bee's paradoxical feelings are ignited when his friend Gilly, on furlough from Vietnam, visits him at Columbia. With ratcheting tensions and bullhorns leading students in protest, pro-war and anti-war factions collide in campus riots, and J-Bee makes the choice that defines his life. "

Research on text comprehension in relation to the reading medium (paper or screen) has mainly involved undergraduate or high school students. To advance current knowledge on the effects of reading medium, this longitudinal study focused on beginner readers, specifically, the role of precursors in first graders’ comprehension of narrative and expository linear texts from reading on paper and computer screen. Working memory and inference skills as cognitive precursors and basic digital skills were measured at the end of preschool (T1); reading text comprehension and word reading, as a control variable, were measured at the end of the first grade (T2). Sixty-three children participated in total. The first graders read four texts, one narrative and one expository, on both paper and computer screen, in a counterbalanced order. Results showed no main effects of the reading medium or text genre, but the interactive effect of these variables was significant. At T2, the children had higher comprehension scores after reading narrative than descriptive texts from paper. In addition, reading from the screen was preferred at post-test, after all texts were presented. As precursors, working memory and inference skills predicted both printed and digital text comprehension. In contrast, basic digital skills predicted only digital text comprehension after controlling for medium, text genre, and word reading.

In this paper, we review, Micro-strip patch antenna and Substrate Integrated Waveguide Technology (SIW). Horn Antennas have become attractive due to their inherent feature of being one of the solutions to many requirements associated with high-frequency bands. This paper presents a comparative study of different horn antennas, their operating frequencies, associated parameters and applications in terms of frequency bands also using the SIW technique, the construction of planar horn antenna is studied at K band and X band frequencies.

Box culverts are the structures which are used when the path of water in the natural stream crosses roads, railway lines, flyovers etc. They are normally cheaper than bridges, which make them the natural stream passes through channels. In this work, the review of various authors and their views in the design and analysis of box culvert with software approach and comparison between software and manual approach has shown. The IS standard requirements in the design manual for roads and bridges (IRC-6-2000, IS 21-2000) is used in the structural designing of concrete box culverts. In this paper study about the different classes of IRC loadings and their effect on without and with cushioning conditions imposed on box culvert. The pressure cases are then checked for both with cushioning and without cushioning loading cases. The structure designing includes the considerations of pressure cases (Box empty, Full, surcharge load) and factors such as Impact load, Braking force, Dispersal of load through fill, Effective width, Coefficients of earth pressure, Live load etc. The structural elements are designed to withstand the maximum bending moments and shear forces respectively. In the present study, this paper provides full discussion on the provisions in the codes, considerations and justifications of all the above aspects of design.

In any big institution,especially educational institutions like schoolsor colleges, generation of large quantity ofwaste papers is quite apparent. And effective use of recycled paper is also possible (craft papers, registers etc). So, instead of disposing off the waste papers into trash, recycling themmakes sense. This not only helps the institute in cost saving but will also ensure its contribution towards the protection of the environment. Designing automatically operated small-scaled paper recycling plant, which can be used in schools and colleges, ensures that a cheap and non-complex methodof production of paper product is guaranteed.Accordingly design of the machine unit has been prepared with all necessary component specifications.

The journal of appropriate technology has been published since the 2015. The major research topics for the journal of appropriate technology have been environment, mechanics, materials, chemical engineering, managing, chemistry, and medicine, etc. In this study, all the published papers of the journal of appropriate technology were analyzed based on the number of published papers and authors. The author’s affiliation was analyzed as university, research institute, and industry, etc. annually. The number of published papers according to the author also analyzed. Based on the bibliometric analysis, it is worth to mention that the trends of publications of the journal of appropriate technology could be identified.

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) has the potential to replace traditional plastics and limit environmental pollution caused by plastic waste. This study combined wastewater treatment with PHB production to reduce costs. Bacteria capable of synthesizing PHB were isolated from paper mill wastewater and identified using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization–Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Bacillus pumilus NMG5 strain was found to have a good yield in modified Nutrient Broth culture, reaching 42.28% of dry biomass. The PHB product was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The bacterial strain was also tested for its ability to treat paper mill wastewater, and it showed impressive results in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, with efficiencies of 95.93%, 79.36%, and 83.55%, respectively. The study found that wastewater treatment combined with PHB production was a promising solution to reduce costs and limit environmental pollution. The bacterial strain B. pumilus NMG5 had a high yield of PHB, and the PHB product was of high quality, as confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the bacterial strain showed impressive results in treating paper mill wastewater with high COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus efficiencies. These results suggest that this harmless bacterium could be used in paper mill wastewater treatment systems to produce PHB, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution.

Fetching recently published research papers is a time consuming and tedious process for young researchers and even for experts. In real time searching papers based on keywords and queries in search engines may not result apt or proper research papers that the user searched for. Because these research papers lack proper links and citations that help to find the most concerned papers. To overcome this problem a hybrid model is proposed with time constraint that combines the Text mining and Recommendation algorithm. The preference of papers and articles are jointly modeled with matrices sharing common dimensions of researchers and papers. The initial process starts with text mining algorithm that matches keywords with the data available in web pages. The post process consists of recommendation algorithms with latent matrix factorization and tensor matrix with similar preferences in a dimensional space. This paper explains the hybrid experimental model that helps users to fetch the most recent and relevant paper in a short period of time

Lecturers are required to produce scientific papers for improving their careers. However, there are many lecturers who do not understand how to write scientific papers and to publish it. This community service aims to improve the competence of lecturers in writing scientific papers so that they can make good scientific papers and can publish it. The program is carried out in two stages: 1) preparation stage, and 2) implementation through training on writing scientific paper. The results showed that the participants were able to understand 1) the basics of scientific writing, 2) the parts of scientific articles, 3) the scientific publication policies, 4) the criteria and requirements for publishing scientific papers in accredited journals, 5) the paraphrase techniques, 6) the citation using Mendeley, and 7) the technique of compiling according to the standard template of accredited journals.

Exams are getting digitized all over the world. Basically, meaning that the traditional paper-based tests are being replaced by the certain computer-based tests which have proven to be both more consistent in allocating marks and faster than teacher correcting papers. The traditional exams usually consisted of subjective answers which were not the best way of grading the student’s perception of the subject. Hence, we are developing a computer-based system that will generate MCQ based question that will be better suited to grade students academically. So, Incremental Question Paper Generator (IQPG) is an attempt at developing a software which can implement adaptive evaluation along with generation of questions on its own. The software aims to generate an increasingly difficult or easy in simpler words, it aims to generate a question paper which dynamically changes the difficulty of its questions. Along the same the software generates these questions by learning from a pre-made dataset of questions.

This study investigates the emotional experiences of undergraduate students when taking computer-based compared to traditional paper-based exams. The authors surveyed 144 students and conducted in-depth written interviews with 44 of them to gain a comprehensive understanding of their emotions and experiences. The findings revealed that students generally feel more positive emotions, such as enjoyment, hope, and pride during computer-based exams. Conversely, they experienced less anger, anxiety, and hopelessness compared to paper-based exams. However, they observed no significant differences in feelings of relief and shame between the two exam modes. The interview responses provided valuable insights into the reasons behind these emotions. Students found computer-based testing to be more efficient, user-friendly for language editing, and appreciated the auto-grading features. However, technical concerns were identified as a major challenge in this format. On the other hand, paper-based exams allowed students to avoid technical problems, draft their answers, and express ideas more effectively. Despite these advantages, students reported disliking the lengthiness of the written responses, the difficulty of editing, and the pressure of maintaining legible handwriting. Overall, this study sheds light on the emotional experiences of students in different exam formats, helping educators make informed decisions to optimize testing environments.

A surface profilometry technique was used to characterize the surfaces of paper products. A stylus-contact type profilometer capable of simultaneously generating both surface roughness- and friction-profiles was used. As a stylus for the profilometer, a conical shape whose tip was rounded to have a 0.5 mm curvature radius was designed and successfully employed in both printing & writing (P&W) papers and hygiene papers such as bathroom tissues and kitchen towel. From the profiles, the mean absolute deviation (MAD) from the averages, i.e., R-MAD from the roughness average and F-MAD from the average coefficient of friction, were suggested as the new surface characterization parameters. To elucidate the surface roughness profiles by fractal dimension analysis, the variogram method was applied to get the fractal dimensions of the paper products. Generally, the value of the fractal dimension increased as the surface roughness increased. The surface profilometry technique with the fractal dimension analysis with the variogram method looks promising to gain additional insight on the surface characteristics of paper products.

In the research, the electrooxidation method of the electrochemical treatment methods in thebatch system was explored a variety of experimental conditions for the treatment of wastewater from thepaper sector. 4 anodes and 4 cathodes sieve type plates with dimensions of 7 cm x 10 cm were positionedat 0,5 cm intervals in the 2000 mL volume jacketed glass reactor used for the treatment of wastewater fromthe paper industry, and 1200 mL wastewater was used in the testing. 4 coated Ti/IrO2/RuO2 electrodes ofthe sieve type were used as the anode material and 4 uncoated Ti electrodes of the sieve type were utilizedas the cathode material in the electrooxidation of effluent from the paper industry. In the experiments, theremoval rate of the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) pollutant parameter; The effects of supportingelectrolyte types and concentrations such as KCl, NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4, and parameters such as initialpH value and current density of wastewater without supporting electrolyte were investigated. According tothe results obtained; In the experiments conducted at the natural pH value of wastewater, 18.55 mA/cm2was the most effective current density, 0.50 M NaCl was the most effective supporting electrolyte type andconcentration. The COD removal rate at the best conditions (37.11 mA/cm2current density) was 90.62%.In optimum conditions; 73.20% COD removal efficiency has been achieved.

Information and communication technology (ICT) is becoming common in various industries, including education. Technology enhances teaching and learning. It aids instructors to do their part as pedagogical environment designers. ICT enables teachers to make their lessons engaging and understandable for students at all levels of educational programs. ICT integration in education is a technologically oriented teaching and learning process that is closely related to the usage of ICT as educational instruments in classrooms. Baze University fully utilizes ICT for both teaching and learning. In addition, the students of the Department of computer science at Baze University are been thoroughly exposed to the theoretical and practical applications of programming languages and constructs. Although anecdotal evidence and some published data suggest that paper-based exams are still frequently utilized in introductory computer programming and design courses, students frequently express a preference for computer-based exams. At Baze University, students are been examined using the pen-and-paper examination method throughout their study. The research approach was centered on a quantitative research methodology, utilizing focus group sessions for data collection to acquire data from 200 – 300 level students. The purpose of the research is to determine the satisfactory level of students that are been assessed using pen-and-paper exam methods for programming, database, and system design courses at Baze University. The findings of the research show that Baze University students would generally prefer a computer-based exam approach for programming, and database management courses.

It is crucial to advance network education exam informatization and mobile learning. One of them is the creation of a database system for exams, which contains crucial information. This study aims to analyze and solves key technologies including constraint check paper forming algorithms. This study using fuzzy query methods and spatial queries design a single exam table structure and exam papers for the exam database. The process of this study including collect and sort the complete set of GIS exams at major universities across the country, design a variety of GIS single questions, and build an exam database system. The result of this research is a personalized random paper formation system and query and spatial analysis by college and area for exam papers for the first time. It describes rich functions and stable performance by testing. The built system becomes an indispensable technical support instead of paper-based exams for information exams and scientific exams of many colleges and universities.

The key technology with fast development speed, virtual computer reality belongs to a kind of data-based fluid mechanics from the aspect of the working medium. From the perspective of fluid mechanics, this paper develops an application system of fluid mechanics based on virtual computer reality in pulp and paper engineering. The structure and characteristics of pulp and paper clarify the development direction of computational fluid mechanics in pulp and paper. Based on the application of the developed system in pulp and paper making, this paper analyzes and optimizes its structure to provide a scientific reference for the development and application of computer virtual reality fluid mechanics in pulp and paper making.

In an earlier publication (Van Wee & Banister, 2016), we explained that literature review papers (LRP) should explicitly report on the search and selection process of documents included. In this paper, we present two approaches for reporting the methodology for doing this: a basic approach and a reasoned approach. The basic approach includes reporting databases(s), keywords, search strings, snowballing, the selection of documents, presenting an overview of documents included and reporting additional selection criteria (if applicable). The reasoned approach adds to the basic approach (what was done) by explicitly explaining the motivation for choices and showing the selection process graphically (why it was done). The two approaches should be seen as options, and not the only alternatives. We recommend that authors of LRPs depart from these approaches and modify them where appropriate. The important lesson is that authors should be explicit about the approach adopted, as this enables the reader to understand the thinking behind the LRP and the conclusions drawn.

The college entrance examination system is undergoing constant reform and improvement. In 2021, the new college entrance examination system will be implemented, which will no longer distinguish between arts and sciences. This is a challenge for the proposition of math questions in the college entrance examination. Taking the 2018-2020 National examination paper (science) and 2021 National new high examination paper, a total of 11 mathematics advanced examination questions as the research object, using comparative research method, case study method, statistical analysis method and other research methods, mainly studied the examination content and investigation requirements of the examination paper. Based on the above research, the paper structure, the content of the paper, the core quality of mathematics and the similarities and differences of investigation requirements are obtained, and the proposition of the new college entrance examination mathematics and teachers are put forward.

This paper presents the development of a web application, which aims to provide a platform for white paper authors to upload and have their documents reviewed by industry experts and scholars. The web app will utilize Ethereum block chain technology to provide security and authenticity to the uploaded white papers, which will be converted into non-fungible tokens to ensure their uniqueness. The authors will have the ability to self-upload their white papers onto a secured IPFS (Inter Planetary File System) database and use ERC721 (Ethereum Request for Comments) protocols to mint them as non-fungible tokens. In addition, the web app will allow white paper authors to receive crowdfunded support from users holding ETH in their web3 wallets. With our unique authentication system utilizing decentralized techniques, the Paper Publication Portal ensures that only verified authors can publish their work, enhancing both the security and credibility of the platform.

“Agriculture provides employment opportunities for village people on large scale in developing country like India. Most of Indian farmers are adopting manual cultivation due to lagging of technical knowledge. In addition that, Plant leaf disease has been one of the major threats to for plants since long ago because it reduces the crop yield and compromises. plant diseases are studied in the literature, mostly focusing on the biological aspects. They make predictions according to the visible surface of plants and leaves. This paper presents a system that is used to classify and detect plant leaf diseases using machine learning techniques. In our work, we have taken specific types of plants; include tomatoes, pepper, and potatoes, as they are the most common types of plants in the world and in Iraq in particular. Using machine learning algorithms, which comprise procedures like dataset construction, loading images, prepping, segmentation, feature extraction, training a classifier, and classification, it is possible to classify plant diseases. This paper presents a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model algorithm based method for Agricultural leaf disease detection and classification. So, the neural networks can capture the colours and textures of lesions specific to respective diseases upon diagnosis

Termites were the most destroying wood organism and one of the methods for controlling termites and suppressing its population is the baiting system. One of the conditions in the baiting system method is that the bait must be able to attract termites. Mostly the attractant is made from an extract of the plant. This research aimed to evaluate the attractants of termites bait from waste paper and extract of basil leaf (Ocimum basilicum) against subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren. Leaves of Ocimum basilicum extracted with maceration process with ethanol. After extraction, the yield was made into five concentration, consist of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. The waste paper was made into termite’s bait with a square bait with measure 2 cm long x 2 cm wide x 1 cm thick. The result of research showed that the average of termites mortality value was 18.79% - 97.58%. The highest termites mortality was achieve on 10% concentration of extract Ocimum basilicum. Its followed by the concentration 8% with mortality value 91.52%; concentration 6% with mortality value 78.18%; concentration 4% with mortality value 61.82% and concentration 2% with mortality value 51.52%. Meanwhile on control treatment the mortality value was 18.79%. The average of weight loss of termite’s bait was 3.41% - 8.36%. The highest weight loss was achieved on concentration 8% and this bait was more attractive to termites. Termite’s bait from waste paper and extract of Ocimum basilicum was attractant to subteranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus and the optimum concentration was 8%.

Introduction: Summative assessments play a major role in shaping the student’s learning. There is little literature available on validity of summative assessment question papers in Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. This study analyses 30 question papers from 6 reputed universities for content validity. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional record-based observational study was conducted where 30 university summative question papers in Forensic Medicine & Toxicology from 6 universities across India were evaluated for content validity. The learning domain assessed, the type of questions asked, and sampling of the content was compared and presented in the results. Results: From the results of the study, it was noted that 80% weightage was allotted to recall in most papers and only one paper tested for application. 70 to 80% of the marks were allotted to Forensic Pathology leading to disproportionate sampling. Core areas in Toxicology and Medical Jurisprudence were sparsely assessed. Conclusion: The content validity of the summative question papers in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology was unsatisfactory, emphasising the need for evaluation of the clarity and efficacy of the blueprints being used by the universities. Faculty training to motivate and influence a change in the mindset is necessary to bring about a course correction.

As a type of Chinese folk art, jianzhi paper carving expresses not only people's spiritual life, but also their aspirations for a better life. Chinese paper carving art is filled with simple life wisdom and good wishes, and the figurative symbols contain unique artistic value and national traits. However, in today's multifaceted development, the traditional art of paper carving with a thousand years of history is gradually fading away. Traditional folk art represented by paper cutting has also begun to be introduced into new fields, not only in graphic design, but also in installation design of public spaces, showing its rich expressiveness and deep artistic value. This paper will examine the characteristics of traditional national paper carving, highlight cultural differences between Eastern and Western paper carving art, combine traditional folk art of paper carving with modern artistic expressions, analyse symbolic and emotional imagery and explore new ideas for the development and innovation of Chinese national art.

Demand for green environments has stimulated research on the migration from conventional to renewable energy sources. In the case of combustible energy for domestic applications, briquettes produced from biomass have proven to be a good replacement for wood fuel. In this study, investigation on the performance analysis and optimization of mix ratio of briquettes produced from sugarcane bagasse using composite binders (waste paper and clay) was carried out. Box-Behnken Design feature of the Design Expert software was employed for the optimization of the briquettes mix ratio. Briquettes were produced from sugarcane bagasse based on the optimum conditions of 9.12% clay, 12.57% waste paper, 78.31% proportion of sugarcane bagasse and 5 KN compaction pressure. The produced briquette was found to have a compressive strength of 6.4715 MPa and 0.857 g/min burning rate. The results of the study shows that the experimental values were close to the predicted values with a percentage error of 3.11% for compressive strength and1.79% for burning rate which confirms the validity and adequacy of the predicted models.

Examination is one of the important elements in measuring the student achievement and to determine whether the course learning outcome is achieved or not. The best exam paper is the paper that can evaluate the students’ achievement and thus satisfy the course learning outcome. The purpose of this study is to compare the examination papers and identify whether the course learning outcome is achieved or not based on the performance of students in the examinations. The sample is stratified according to year 1 until 4 and according to the program. The students are selected from three academic years 2015/2016, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The data is obtained from the marks of their mid-semester and final exams. Difficulty and discrimination indices is evaluated for each item in the exam paper. The research findings found that the ideal question for the mid-semester exam is from the session 2017/2018 with difficulty and discrimination indices range from 0.4 to 0.8. While the ideal question for final semester exam is from session 2016/2017 with difficulty index in range 0.4-0.6 and higher discrimination index as compared to other sessions. As a result, the student performance for 2017/2018 session has increased significantly in the overall assessment with 13.0% obtained grade A compared to 11.1% in 2016/2017 and only 4.9% in 2015/2016. The failure rate has also reduced at only 11.4% in 2017/2018 compared to 32.1% in 2015/2016 and 11.9% in 2016/2017.

This study was designed to examine the feasibility of recycling cassava effluent, sawdust, and unused paper products to enhance their utilization for beneficial purpose. Waste newspaper paste (WNP), Waste writing – paper paste (WWP), and Waste carton paper paste (WCP) were prepared and then used separately to similarly fabricate composite panels with Sawdust particle (SDP) proportioned at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by weight. The binder used was cassava starch slurry prepared from the effluent. Bulk density, water absorption, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, nailability, and flexural strength were determined for the developed samples. From the results obtained, the samples were found to be light-weight and their thermal insulation performance improved with increasing proportions of the SDP. Though samples containing the WCP exhibited the best satisfactory performance, it was found that all the studied samples could perform more effectively and efficiently as ceilings compared to some of those reported in the literature. From scientific-economic viewpoint, valorizing the above-mentioned wastes as described in this paper could help to protect the environment and also yield value-added insulation ceilings for enhancement of sustainable building construction especially in tropical areas.

Introduction The barrier properties of paper-based packaging may not be sufficient for long-term storage to ensure the quality and taste of packaged food products. All this requires researching the technological features and developing a combined packaging material in which the base paper is combined with polymer materials or a metallized coating is applied to its surface. Results and discussion Food products are very sensitive to the influence of external factors, so the barrier properties of paper-based packaging become insufficient for long-term storage to ensure the quality of food products and their taste properties. All this requires the development and mastery of the production of modern barrier combined packaging materials and conducting research on the development of requirements for base paper in order to obtain combined, namely: metallized packaging materials. As research results have shown, base paper should be characterized by high resistance to mechanical influences in the process of processing, as well as exploitation of the finished material. It should have a surface that provides optimal interaction with the foil, have high barrier and protective properties. In the process of carrying out research on the creation of a new combined package, the requirements for the metallized material and the quality of the base paper were determined. The index of smoothness of the surface of the base paper should not be lower than 150 s, and its moisture content should not exceed 4%, because its higher values, as experiments have shown, do not allow creating the necessary rarefaction in the chamber for metallization and ensuring the uniformity of metal application. In the case of spraying aluminum with increased residual humidity of the paper, intensive oxidation processes take place, which negatively affect the quality of the coating, its protective properties and the strength of adhesion (adhesion) to the surface of the substrate. As a result of the research, graphical dependences of the electrical resistance and opacity of the metallized material on the thickness of the coating were also obtained, which plays an important role in improving the protective, barrier and other properties of the packaging. Experimental data were also obtained that illustrate the influence of the speed of rewinding and the smoothness of the surface of the base paper in the process of metallization in a vacuum on the indicator of electrical resistance, which is an indirect characteristic of the thickness of the metallized coating of the material. The conducted studies of the new combined metallized packaging material also showed that the coating contributes to the improvement of the protective properties of the material and the tightness of the packaging, namely: reducing gas permeability, weakening the effect of optical radiation on products, increasing the opacity and smoothness of the surface. Conclusions New packaging materials created in the course of research - paper with a metallized coating can be used in packaging processes.

This paper investigates the behaviour of partial discharge (PD) in transformer insulation paper based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). The three-dimensional (3D) FEM model consists of conductor and insulation paper, representing part of a transformer’s high voltage winding. The conductor’s width, height, and length used in this study were 2.4 mm, 11.5 mm, and 16 mm. An insulation paper thickness of 1 mm was modelled around the conductor. An internal cavity with a diameter of 0.5 mm cavity was introduced within the insulation paper. This study introduced two locations of the spherical cavities at the centre and left corner of the insulation paper: Location 1 (L1) and Location 2 (L2). An AC voltage of 33 kV, 50 Hz, was applied to the conductor while the bottom of the insulation paper was grounded. The model was used to study the electric field distribution within the insulation paper and its effect on PD current and charge magnitude. The influence of cavity location on the charge magnitude was also examined. It is found that the electric field distribution is influenced by the conductor configuration as well as the location of the cavity. The electric field in the cavity is the highest at L1 compared to L2. The first PD occurs faster for the cavity with a high electric field. Due to the PD occurrence at the same inception field, the real PD current and charge magnitude is similar at different locations. The apparent PD current and charge magnitude induced at the ground electrode is slightly higher at L1 than at L2.

Kedelai (Glycine max (L.)) merupakan salah satu komoditas utama selain beras dan jagung di Indonesia yang sebagian besar dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat dalam bentuk olahan pangan. Kesenjangan kebutuhan dan ketersediaan kedelai terus meningkat sehingga diperlukan usaha untuk menunjang produksi kedelai, salah satunya benih kedelai harus selalu tersedia dalam jumlah yang cukup serta dengan mutu yang memadai. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam penyediaan benih kedelai bermutu adalah daya simpan benih kedelai yang pendek sehingga benih mengalami penurunan vigor dan viabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan metode uji vigor benih menggunakan urine sugar analysis paper (USAP) pada berbagai tingkat vigor benih kedelai yang diperoleh dari metode pengusangan cepat (AAM). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyimpanan dan Pengujian Mutu Benih, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bahan yang digunakan untuk penelitian adalah benih kedelai varietas Anjasmoro dan Gepak kuning. Percobaan disusun dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan empat ulangan yang terdiri dari dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama adalah lama pengusangan dengan metode pengusangan cepat (AAM) bersuhu 40 0C dan RH 95%. Percobaan kedua adalah mengembangkan metode urine sugar analysis paper terhadap lot benih yang diperoleh dari pengusangan cepat dengan menentukan lama perendaman benih yang efisien dengan taraf 1, 3, dan 5 jam. Percobaan dilakukan terhadap dua varietas secara terpisah yaitu varietas Anjasmoro dan Gepak kuning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengusangan cepat dapat menurunkan vigor dan viabilitas benih kedelai. Pada varietas Anjasmoro, lama perendaman 5 jam merupakan metode efektif untuk pengujian kebocoran glukosa dan protein berdasarkan tolok ukur daya kerkecambah, kecepatan tumbuh, dan nilai daya hantar listrik. Pada varietas Gepak kuning, lama perendaman 1 jam merupakan metode efektif untuk pengujian kebocoran glukosa dan protein berdasarkan tolok ukur daya berkecambah dan nilai daya hantar listrik. Kata kunci: glukosa, korelasi, pengusangan cepat, pH, protein, vigor

Background: Development of computer-based software, termed electronic glucose management system (eGMS), offers an alternative strategy to manage diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) compared with institution-specific paper protocols by integrating glucose and insulin titration into the electronic medical record. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of eGMS versus a paper-based DKA protocol in an urban academic medical center. Methods: Single-center, retrospective analysis of patients admitted for DKA. The primary objective of this study was the time to transition from intravenous to subcutaneous insulin after resolution of DKA pre- and post-eGMS implementation. Secondary outcomes included incidence of hypoglycemia while on an insulin infusion, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and total hospital length of stay. Results: Time to DKA resolution was similar in both groups with a median time of 8.6 versus 8.8 hours in the paper-based (n = 133) and eGMS groups (n = 84), respectively ( P = 0.43). Hypoglycemia occurred more frequently in the paper-based group compared with eGMS during insulin infusion (14 vs 3 patients, P = 0.06). The median ICU (36.5 vs 41.4 hours; P = 0.05) and hospital length of stay (67.9 vs 77.8 hours; P = 0.05) were shorter in the paper-based group compared with the eGMS group. Conclusion and Relevance: Similar rates of DKA resolution were seen for patients managed with a paper-based protocol compared with eGMS. Patients in the paper-based protocol had a shorter ICU and hospital length of stay; however, eGMS had improved clinically relevant safety outcomes.

As information and communication (ICT) has grown rapidly, there are many forms of technology provided to support and facilitate the teaching and learning process. Game-based learning these days has been growing interest. It is not only purposed for the teaching-learning media but also for the assessing phase. Quizizz is one of game-based learning platforms offering multiple tools to assess the students’ learning progress. It provides Paper-mode quizzes using printable or a quick-response code. In this research, the researcher deals with utilizing Paper-mode Quizizz for formative assessment in English teaching and learning. This research is a case study with qualitative data conducted at SMP SSA Negeri Kloposawit 1 Candipuro involving 41 students from 8A and 8C as the research participants. Further, to obtain the students’ perceptions, the researcher collects the data through interviews. The result indicates that most students show positive perceptiveness in utilizing Paper-mode Quizizz for formative assessment in teaching and learning English. It is stated that Paper-mode Quizizz is easy to use, enjoyable, fun, challenging, and very interesting. The students only show and rotate the answer, and the teacher will scan the code cards to display the real-time results. In addition, this makes students more motivated to have a test using Paper-mode Quizizz. To sum up, Paper-mode Quizizz is an effective-alternative platform to use for formative assessment in English teaching and learning.

Cognitive bias, especially confirmation bias and motivated reasoning, poses a significant challenge to argumentative writing genres, including the persuasive essay. To address this challenge, I introduce the complexity paper. Rather than attempting to convince the reader of a particular position on an issue as with a persuasive essay, the goal of a complexity paper is to convince the reader that the issue under discussion is difficult to resolve. This altered motivational structure encourages the writer to engage in perspective taking, thereby addressing confirmation bias and motivated reasoning. I outline a three-part structure of the complexity paper using the example of physician-assisted suicide with the goal to help university instructors implement this genre into their courses. I recommend incorporating a complexity paper into a writing scaffold structure that precedes an argumentative paper.

Purpose: A less computationally intensive methodology is required to digitise paper Electrocardiogram (ECG) records from scanned photographs so that it can be implemented on mobile devices and used in remote places without the necessary hardware or software requirements. Due to numerous degradations inherent in older resting paper ECG recordings, automated digitization of paper ECG records also becomes challenging. Methods: In the proposed method, we present a robust and simple, Level of Binarization (LOB) characteristic curve to binarize paper records. The binarized image is processed using the discontinuous signal correction (DSC) technique and is vertically scanned to extract 1-D ECG signal. Results: The proposed method is tested for paper ECG records having degradations like variable background colour, steep slope, ink evaporation, and folding. The average RMS error and accuracy for 101 test samples, is 0.01 and 98.34 % respectively. The results show that, the LOB-DSC gives better performance when compared to the existing ECG extraction methods. As proposed, the LOB method does not require pre-processing, and the computational complexity is also reduced. Conclusion: An automatic threshold for binarization and estimation of several types of degradations in old ECG records is obtained using the less computationally intensive LOB characteristic curve. This method can be applied in remote locations with low availability of advanced processing devices for ECG signal extraction.

This work examines the physical and electrical breakdown characteristics of kenaf paper coated with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) for application in power transformers. The paper was made from kenaf bast fibers using the soda pulping method, whereby the pulps were subjected to 12,000 beating revolutions. PVA with weight percentage concentration up to 6% was introduced to the beaten kenaf through a spin coating approach. The structure of the kenaf paper was examined through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The physical properties examined were apparent density, Tensile Index (TI), Burst Index (BI), and Tear Index (TeI), while AC breakdown voltage and strength were analyzed for the electrical property. It is found that the beating and external PVA improve the kenaf paper’s apparent density, TI, BI, and AC breakdown strength while the TeI decreases.

Chitosan and chitosan modified carboxymethyl were used to enhance performances of paper packaging. Chitosan 1.0 wt% and chitosan modified carboxymethyl solutions with concentrations of 0.25; 0.5 and 1.0 wt% were manually applied on paper surface using dip coating method. Effects of chitosan coatings on antibacterial properties of the paper were investigated. The antimicrobial activity of chitosan against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) was found to be enhanced when chitosan and chitosan modified carboxymethyl solution were entrapped within paper. Further paper coated chitosan and chitosan modified carboxymethyl has higher antibacterial activity againt S. aureus rather than E. coli. Keywords: Chitosan carboxymethyl, antibacterial agent, paper packaging