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The research reported in this paper concerns the ongoing development of a Knowledge Intensive Sketching (KiS) framework through which designers are supported in foreseeing directly from their paper-based sketches the relevant life-cycle consequences of their ‘component form’ solution concepts. The goal of the KiS framework is to retain the important characteristics of freehand sketching, i.e. pencil and paper, whilst at the same time exploit the benefits of Knowledge Intensive CAD technology for proactively guiding designers in generating life-oriented solutions as from early design.

In the last few years bureaucratic procedures didn't show a significant reduction in the volume of paper documents created. In order to reduce the huge amount of space for archiving and preserving documents and to speed up the secarh process, a semantic-based dematerialization process should be performed. In this paper we describe a novel system that manages several kind of bureaucratic documents in the e-gov domain, automatically extracts several interesting information and produces a suitable semantic representation that may be considered as the first step towards a full automated document management system. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

“Forsoksgymnaset in Oslo” was an experiment in School Democracy that started classes in automatic data processing in the fall of 1968 as a part of school mathematics in the 11th year. We started simple programming in FORTRAN on punched cards, off line. Later we had a teletype terminal with paper tape, changed to the BASIC language, and ran programs online by telephone to a distant computer. We also designed the logic simulator “Benjamin”, with four “And”, “Or”, and “Not” elements, battery and lamps, which could be connected in logical networks to be studied. In 1970, we arranged two two-day seminars for teachers during the Christmas and the summer holidays and presented the whole course. We did this eight times and helped to qualify many teachers. The first Examen Artium in Data was organised in June 1970.

Funder: University of Cambridge, In this paper we study a class of fast geometric image inpainting methods based on the idea of filling the inpainting domain in successive shells from its boundary inwards. Image pixels are filled by assigning them a color equal to a weighted average of their already filled neighbors. However, there is flexibility in terms of the order in which pixels are filled, the weights used for averaging, and the neighborhood that is averaged over. Varying these degrees of freedom leads to different algorithms, and indeed the literature contains several methods falling into this general class. All of them are very fast, but at the same time all of them leave undesirable artifacts such as “kinking” (bending) or blurring of extrapolated isophotes. Our objective in this paper is to build a theoretical model in order to understand why these artifacts occur and what, if anything, can be done about them. Our model is based on two distinct limits: a continuum limit in which the pixel width h→0 and an asymptotic limit in which h>0 but h≪1. The former will allow us to explain “kinking” artifacts (and what to do about them) while the latter will allow us to understand blur. Both limits are derived based on a connection between the class of algorithms under consideration and stopped random walks. At the same time, we consider a semi-implicit extension in which pixels in a given shell are solved for simultaneously by solving a linear system. We prove (within the continuum limit) that this extension is able to completely eliminate kinking artifacts, which we also prove must always be present in the direct method. Finally, we show that although our results are derived in the context of inpainting, they are in fact abstract results that apply more generally. As an example, we show how our theory can also be applied to a problem in numerical linear algebra.

This paper addresses the problem of building a grid file system for applications that need to manipulate huge data, distributed and concurrently accessed at a very large scale. In this paper we explore how this goal could be reached through a cooperation between the Gfarm grid file system and BlobSeer, a distributed object management system specifically designed for huge data management under heavy concurrency. The resulting BLOB-based grid file system exhibits scalable file access performance in scenarios where huge files are subject to massive, concurrent, fine-grain accesses. This is demonstrated through preliminary experiments of our prototype, conducted on the Grid’5000 testbed.

This paper describes a novel classroom based project that looked at methods for sharing the contributions of students during activities in undergraduate classes. Initially intended for HCI students, the CRaSh product has wide applicability for creative use of class time and for inspiring students in their design work. The method employed was a prototype interface that allowed the sharing of digitally ink based content by uploading this content to a secure website. Encouraging shared learning, the project focuses on the creation, completion and management of worksheets for students. This paper describes the design of the prototype and explores the ethical and legal discussions associated with this sort of product.

In the paper phase correlation algorithm based on Fourier transform is applied to the traceability barcode identification, which is a widely used method of image registration. And there is the rotation-invariant phase correlation algorithm which combines polar coordinate transform with phase correlation, that they can recognize the barcode with partly destroyed and rotated. The paper provides the analysis and simulation for the algorithm using Matlab, the results show that the algorithm has the advantages of good real-time and high performance. And it improves the matching precision and reduces the calculation by optimizing the rotation-invariant phase correlation.

In this paper, we propose a preference framework for information retrieval in which the user and the system administrator are enabled to express preference annotations on search keywords and document elements, respectively. Our framework is flexible and allows expressing preferences such as “A is infinitely more preferred than B,” which we capture by using hyperreal numbers. Due to the widespread of XML as a standard for representing documents, we consider XML documents in this paper and propose a consistent preferential weighting scheme for nested document elements. We show how to naturally incorporate preferences on search keywords and document elements into an IR ranking process using the well-known TF-IDF ranking measure.

Based on the rapid development of Chinese agricultures, many English users are interesting on the Chinese agricultural information, and many Chinese users are interesting on English agricultural information too. This paper is a schema to design an agricultural cross languages engine, the core technology is the mapping between Chinese and English agricultural thesauri. The paper introduces the all rules of thesauri mapping, and give exact examples for these rules. With the mapping information, authors design a cross languages engine. English users can get Chinese agricultural information from web data by English descriptors; Chinese users can get English agricultural information from web data by Chinese descriptors

The paper addresses the issue of development of a technology for operational decision support in a pervasive environment. The technology is built around the idea of using Web-services for self-organization of heterogeneous resources of the environment for decision support purposes. The approach focuses on three types of resources to be organized: information, problem-solving, and acting. The final purpose of the resource self-organization is to form an ad-hoc collaborative environment, members of which cooperate with the aim to serve the current needs according to the decision situation. The hybrid technology proposed in the paper integrates technologies of ontology management, context management, constraint satisfaction, Web-services, and intelligent agents. The application of the technology is illustrated by response to a traffic accident.

Since the spatial pattern of forest pest occurrence is determined by biological characteristics and habitat conditions, this paper introduced construction of a cellular automaton model combined with Markov model to predicate the forest pest occurrence. Rules of the model includes the cell states rules, neighborhood rules and transition rules which are defined according to the factors from stand conditions, stand structures, climate and the influence of the factors on the state conversion. Coding for the model is also part of the implementations of the model. The participants were designed including attributes and operations of participants expressed with a UML diagram. Finally, the scale issues on forest pest occurrence prediction, of which the core are the prediction of element size and time interval, are partly discussed in this paper.

Text pattern matching is one of the main and most computation intensive parts of systems such as Network Intrusion Detection Systems and DNA Sequencing Matching. Software solutions to this are available but often they do not satisfy the requirements in terms of performance. This paper presents a new hardware approach for regular expression matching: ReCPU. The proposed solution is a parallel and pipelined architecture able to deal with the common regular expression semantics. This implementation based on several parallel units achieves a throughput of more than one character per clock cycle (maximum performance of state of the art solutions) requiring just O(n) memory locations (where n is the length of the regular expression). Performance has been evaluated synthesizing the VHDL description. Area and time constraints have been analyzed. Experimental results are obtained simulating the architecture.

According to the research status of regional agriculture industry structure adjustment information system and the current development of information technology, this paper takes web-based regional agriculture industry structure optimization tool as research target. This paper introduces Ajax technology and related application frameworks to build an auxiliary toolkit of decision support system for agricultural policy maker and economy researcher. The toolkit includes a “one page” style component of regional agriculture industry structure optimization which provides agile arguments setting method that enables applying sensitivity analysis and usage of data and comparative advantage analysis result, and a component that can solve the linear programming model and its dual problem by simplex method.

Bayesian network is a powerful tool to represent and deal with uncertain knowledge. There exists much uncertainty in crop or animal disease. The construction of Bayesian network need much data and knowledge. But when data is scarce, some methods should be adopted to construct an effective Bayesian network. This paper introduces a disease diagnosis model based on Bayesian network, which is two-layered and obeys noisy-or assumption. Based on the two-layered structure, the relationship between nodes is obtained by domain knowledge. Based on the noisy-model, the conditional probability table is elicited by three methods, which are parameter learning, domain expert and the existing certainty factor model. In order to implement this model, a Bayesian network tool is developed. Finally, an example about cow disease diagnosis was implemented, which proved that the model discussed in this paper is an effective tool for some simple disease diagnosis in crop or animal field.

In this paper we present the Experiment Dashboard monitoring system, which is currently in use by four Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [1] experiments. The goal of the Experiment Dashboard is to monitor the activities of the LHC experiments on the distributed infrastructure, providing monitoring data from the virtual organization (VO) and user perspectives. The LHC experiments are using various Grid infrastructures (LCG [2] EGEE [3], OSG [4], NDGF [5]) with correspondingly various middleware flavors and job submission methods. Providing a uniform and complete view of various activities like job processing, data movement and publishing, access to distributed databases regardless of the underlying Grid flavor is the challenging task. In this paper we will describe the Experiment Dashboard concept, its framework and main monitoring applications.

“Forensically sound” is a term used extensively in the digital forensics community to qualify and, in some cases, to justify the use of a particular forensic technology or methodology. Indeed, many practitioners use the term when describing the capabilities of a particular piece of software or when describing a particular forensic analysis approach. Such a wide application of the term can only lead to confusion. This paper examines the various definitions of forensic computing (also called digital forensics) and identifies the common role that admissibility and evidentiary weight play. Using this common theme, the paper explores how the term “forensically sound” has been used and examines the drivers for using such a term. Finally, a definition of “forensically sound” is proposed and four criteria are provided for determining whether or not a digital forensic process may be considered to be “forensically sound.”

This paper presents an approach for mining fuzzy Association Rules (ARs) relating the properties of composite items, i.e. items that each feature a number of values derived from a common schema. We partition the values associated to properties into fuzzy sets in order to apply fuzzy Association Rule Mining (ARM). This paper describes the process of deriving the fuzzy sets from the properties associated to composite items and a unique Composite Fuzzy Association Rule Mining (CFARM) algorithm founded on the certainty factor interestingness measure to extract fuzzy association rules. The paper demonstrates the potential of composite fuzzy property ARs, and that a more succinct set of property ARs can be produced using the proposed approach than that generated using a non-fuzzy method.

Many researchers and organizations are interested in creating a mechanism capable of automatically predicting software defects. In the last years, machine learning techniques have been used in several researches with this goal. Many recent researches use data originated from NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) IV&V (Independent Verification & Validation) Facility Metrics Data Program (MDP). We have recently applied a constructive neural network (RBF-DDA) for this task, yet MLP neural networks were not investigated using these data. We have observed that these data sets contain inconsistent patterns, that is, patterns with the same input vector belonging to diAEerent classes. This paper has two main objectives, (i) to propose a modified version of RBF-DDA, named RBF-eDDA (RBF trained with enhanced Dynamic Decay Adjustment algorithm), which tackles inconsistent patterns, and (ii) to compare RBF-eDDA and MLP neural networks in software defects prediction. The simulations reported in this paper show that RBF-eDDA is able to correctly handle inconsistent patterns and that it obtains results comparable to those of MLP in the NASA data sets.

Although many governmental institutions have provided their costumers with access to electronic government documents there is still a lack of accessibility for handicapped citizens. In this paper we present an approach to improve access to governmental forms for handicapped citizens, in particular for people with visual impairments, elderly people, illiterates or immigrants. We describe a system where we combine scanned images of paper-based forms containing textual information and a text-to-speech synthesis to an audio-visual document representation. We exploit standard document formats based on XML and web service technology to ensure independence from software and hardware platforms.

This paper proposes encryption schemes to enforce the order of the procedure in a workflow system. In workflow systems, it is important to perform a procedure according to an order that is given by some regulation. In addition, it is desired that each reviewer checks a necessary part of a document to admit the application because the document sometime contains privacy information, e.g., name, birthday, income and so on. There is a procedure in a workflow system which it is sufficient to pass if one of two reviewers admits the document. More generally, there is a procedure in a workflow system that can be passed if k of n reviewers admit the document, which we call a “threshold procedure”. By applying a cryptographic technique, e.g., a multiple encryption and secret sharing, this paper gives a method to realize various procedures in workflow systems, i.e., controlling the order of reviewers, disclosing a part of document selectively, and a threshold procedure. Conventional workflow systems control their procedure by a server, which we consider a trusted one. This implies that an administrator might tamper a procedure. The proposed schemes help us to enforce a procedure even if he/she is not trustworthy.

In this paper, we describe an innovative concept of three-dimensional interactive educational games that combine the excitement and looks of popular computer games with the educational potential of electronic study materials and its realization by a system called S.M.I.L.E. – Smart Multipurpose Interactive Learning Environment. One of its key features is the consideration of various learners’ abilities. In this paper, we concentrate on the description of features that enable different users (including handicapped) to learn effectively by playing educational games. We follow the idea that everyone needs access to quality education and are convinced that by enabling cooperative education not just among learners, but also between handicapped and able-bodied ones, we bring the humane dimension into education.

The potential of Information and Communications Technology in all forms of education has been well demonstrated. In this paper we examine how ICT can improve the education of students with learning disabilities (LD). We will begin by examining the nature of learning disabilities and discussing the different approaches to schooling for students with LD. Learning models have evolved over recent years in response to many factors including the advent of technology in education. This is particularly important in this arena where technology can make a significant difference to educating these students, but only if it is used appropriately. The paper then looks at a case study of use of ICT in a school catering for students with LD.

This paper discusses a number of existing problems with the airport transportation security system in the United States. The paper discusses two separate, yet equally important issues: the ease with which a passenger can fly without any identification documents at all and the ease with which print-at-home boarding passes can be modified, tampered with, and faked. The significance of these vulnerabilities becomes clear when viewed in light of the United States (US) government's insistence on maintaining passenger watch lists, whose contents are secret and effectiveness depend upon the government being able to verify the identity of each flying passenger. The paper then introduces a method of determining if any particular name is on the no fly list, without ever having to step foot into an airport. The paper introduces a physical denial of service attack against the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) checkpoints at airports, distributed via an Internet virus. Finally, the paper proposes technical solutions to the user modifiable boarding pass problem, which also neutralize the physical denial of service attack. The solutions have the added benefit of meshing with TSA's publicly stated wish to assume responsibility for verifying passengers names against the watch lists, as well as enabling them to collect and store real time data on passengers as they pass through checkpoints, something they are not able to do under the existing system.

This paper presents a particular approach how to support the knowledge creation processes that are based on innovative idea of trialogical learning.The key task in trialogical learning is to understand how the “weaker” forms of knowledge are used and made explicit in a meaningful way in collaborative processes. Trialogical learning provides mechanism by which tacit knowledge is conceptualized in collaborative systems. Within the "Knowledge-Practices Laboratory” (KP-Lab) project suitable tools and practices for support of trialogical learning are being designed, implemented and evaluated. The KP-LAB platform offers, except of others, also facilities for discovering, managing and visualization of some tacit knowledge. We present in this paper one particular approach how to this is supported with proposed awareness features

Most of the existing approaches to trust management focus on the issues of assessing the trustworthiness of other entities and of establishing trust between en- tities. This is particularly relevant for dynamic, open and distributed systems, where the identity and intentions of other entities may be uncertain. These approaches of- fer methods to manage trust, and thereby to manage risk and security. The methods are, however, mostly concerned with trust management from the viewpoint of the trustor, and the issue of mitigating risks to which the trustor is exposed. This paper addresses the important, yet quite neglected, challenge of understanding the risks to which a whole system is exposed, in cases where some of the actors within the system make trust-based decisions. The paper contributes by proposing a method for the modeling and analysis of trust, as well as the identification and evaluation of the associated risks and opportunities. The analysis facilitates the capture of trust policies, the enforcement of which optimizes the trust-based decisions within the system. The method is supported by formal, UML-based languages for the model- ing of trust scenarios and for trust policy specification.

Engine crankshafts are required to be balanced. The balance of a crankshaft is one of several parameters to be analyzed during the design of an engine, but certainly a poor balance leads to a low life time of the whole system. It is possible to optimize the balance of a crankshaft using CAD and CAE software, thanks to the new optimization tools based on Genetic Algorithms (GA) and tools for the integration of the CAD-CAE software. GAs have been used in various applications, one of which is the optimization of geometric shapes, a relatively recent area with high research potential. This paper describes a general strategy to optimize the balance of a crankshaft. A comparison is made among different tools used for the sustaining of this strategy. This paper is an extension of a previous paper by the authors [1] but now different tools are being included to improve the performance of the strategy. The analyzed crankshaft is modeled in commercial 3D parametric software. A Java interface included in the CAD software is used for evaluating the fitness function (the balance). Two GAs from different sources and platforms are used and then they are compared and discussed.

It is fundamental for the kinematics simulation and mechanism design to apply the visualization in scientific computing on the simulation research of 3D mechanism. It is also the basis of independent development for 3D CAE software without any copyright limit. This paper offered a parameterized kinematics simulation template for 3D mechanism based on the visualization in scientific computing, in which the open graphics library is applied by MFC compiler. This paper illuminates the fundamental principle of the simulation development applying the OpenGL technology. The principle of OpenGL, the procedure structure, the working flow of OpenGL, the concept of program designing and the code implementation based on VC++ is demonstrated and an application approach for mechanism simulation is developed under the MFC environment.

A web-based multi-models expert system called DCDDS is presented in this paper, which developed for diagnosis of dairy cow diseases through the symptoms submitted by users on web. As it is accepted that the inference engine and the relevant knowledge representation are the crucial part of diagnosis expert system, which limits its application and popularization in animal disease diagnosis. To break the limit and raise accuracy, this paper compares and appraises the existed systems and presents a solution that contains three models—Case-based reasoning (CBR), Subjective Bayesian theory and D-S evidential theory. Accordingly a knowledge representation method which can support the three different models is also designed. Up to the complicacy of the group of symptoms users acquired, they can choose which of the three models should be adopted to meet the best resolve. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated by an application to the field of dairy cow disease diagnosis using a real example of dairy cow diseases. The result indicates that the new methods have improved the inference procedures of the expert systems, and have showed that the new architecture has some advantage over the conventional architectures of expert systems on both efficiency and accuracy.

The continuous spraying was adopted by most of spraying pesticide systems, which can not accord to the extent and the characteristic change of targets to automatically regulate dose of drugs. This way not only resulted in waste of pesticides, but also caused pollution of environment. The designing studied the variable spraying pesticide system of real-time, which based sensory technology, at the same time, fuzzy control was applied in this system. The paper introduced the composition and control principle of the spraying pesticide system, at the other hand, the linking of Simulink and the fuzzy controller was introduced by this paper. Fuzziness of inputs and the outputs, the determination of subordinate functions, the establishment of fuzzy controlling rules and fuzzy control simulation of the spraying system were designed. Simulating result indicated that transiting time is short and the system is steady.

Fish expert systems have been developed to solve the fish disease diagnosis problems. However, despite these inherent advantages, there are some limitations yet in the application of the systems because of the poor infrastructure and low capacity for the use of computers. A Call Center-based consultant system for fish disease diagnosis has been developed to overcome the difficulties, and the objective of this system is the automation of fish diagnostic process based on call center via the telephone. This paper explains the needs for the consultant system, the fish disease diagnosis process and the development of the system. The system structure and its components are described. It can provide the accurate and timely diagnosis, prevention and treatment all around the clock and everywhere the fish sites are located. The experience and the further development of the system are also discussed in the paper. Call Center, fish disease diagnosis, consultant system, knowledge acquisition

In the Digital Forestry area, there is more and more requirements for spatial information connection and processing. From a prototype of geospatial computational grid (GCG), the relationship between the geospatial computational grid and OGC Interoperability protocols is proposed in this paper. A prototype of geospatial information grid is given in this paper. Digital Forestry Grid is proposed as a case of implementing of geospatial computational grid with OGC interoperability at the end of this paper.

In this paper, we investigate the tunable privacy features provided by Internet Explorer version 6 (IE6), Mix Net and Crowds, by using a conceptual model for tunable security services. A tunable security service is defined as a service that has been explicitly designed to offer various security configurations that can be selected at run-time. Normally, Mix Net and Crowds are considered to be static anonymity services, since they were not explicitly designed to provide tunability. However, as discussed in this paper, they both contain dynamic elements that can be used to utilize the trade-off between anonymity and performance. IE6, on the other hand, was indeed designed to allow end users to tune the level of privacy when browsing the Internet.

Implantable RFID chips are being seen as a potential security device for the very near future with the availability of these chips already in the marketplace. The applications are presented in a broadly positive light in their use in contexts that range from health monitoring to emergency solutions. But there is a darker side to RFID chips: with their implantation, there may be an erosion of privacy and a breach in bodily integrity. In this paper, a variety applications of implantable RFID chips are discussed by taking a look at the particular technologies concerned. The legal and ethical aspects vis-a-vis the high-end security offered by such implants are compared with concerns about maintaining a democratic and sensitive society. Broadly, the paper contrasts the usefulness of RFID in industrial and other processes, with the ethical and health issues that are involved in human-implantable RFID.

As enterprises increase their electronic communication in business activities through network, the security of enterprise information system based on EC becomes crucial for enterprises. This paper proposes a fuzzy integrated security evaluation method based on man-computer combined data collection and fuzzy expert evaluation in Delphi method. The method could reduce the subjectivity of expert evaluation and alleviate the difficulty of data collection and makes possible a better combination of qualitative and quantitative evaluations. Firstly, the evaluation factor and hierarchy structure of security evaluation is constructed. Secondly, according to data collected and the evaluation comment of each expert, the subjection degree matrix is constructed. Finally, a new concept of “degree of assurance” is presented for the quantificational evaluation of enterprise information system security based on. In this paper the study of the case shows that the method can be easily used and its results conform to the actual situation.

More and more literatures have researched the application of data mining technology in customer segmentation, and achieved sound effects. One of the key purposes of customer segmentation is customer retention. But the application of single data mining technology mentioned in previous literatures is unable to identify customer churn trend for adopting different actions on customer retention. This paper focus on constructs a integrated data mining and survival analysis model to segment customers into heterogeneous group by their survival probability (churn trend) and help enterprises adopting appropriate actions to retain profitable customers according to each segment’s churn trend. This model contains two components. Firstly, using data mining clustering arithmetic cluster customers into heterogeneous clusters according to their survival characters. Secondly, using survival analysis predicting each cluster’s survival/hazard function to identify their churn trend and test the validity of clustering for getting the correct customer segmentation. This model proposed by this paper was applied in a dataset from one biggest china telecommunications company. This paper also suggests some propositions for further research.

The development of e-Commerce needs suitable online electronic-payment and settlement arrangement. In China, most online virtual commodity and service providers adopt a new payment and settlement solutions which is named “Webcoin” by this paper. In this paper we analyze the China’s online and offline payment environment, explain the reason why the Webcoin come into being now, give the definition of the Webcoin, present the Webcoin’s characteristics, and introduce the concept of payment friction coefficient to discuss the efficiency of the Webcoin as a payment instrument on virtual commodity and service.

With the popularization of networks, digitalization and automation, demand for enterprise informatization becomes more urgent. There are many factors leading to the demand for EIS. Some of the factors are from enterprise development, while others are from policy driven. In this paper, we present a relationship model by using system dynamics method to characterize the cause-result (C-R) of demand drivers of enterprise informatization. Based on the empirical studies, we reveal how the factors affect the demand for enterprise informatization, which form a cluster of causation to be used as the cause variables in our model. This procedure is to settle on the interim variables and result variables, which formed systematic dynamics C-R charts. Questionnaires and interviews from dozens of enterprises, Delphi Expert Decision method are made and analyzed, which verified the relationship between variables. The results presented in this paper provide good insights for the enterprise managers’ optimal decisions.

In mainland China, many enterprises still use early client/server technologies for their supply chain management (SCM). However, with China’s participating in WHO and economy globalization improving, Enterprises in mainland China have to compete with multinational companies. They have to move from client/server technologies to service oriented architectures (SOA) in order to their SCM can catch up with their international rivals. Many enterprises in mainland China do not have enough money to invest their supply chain systems. In this paper, we propose to investigate the feasibility of using SOA in the construction of innovative and SCM of individual enterprise with numbered money. It starts with an introduction of SOA. A SOA is a form of distributed systems architecture that is typically characterized by the following properties: logical view, message orientation, description orientation, network orientation and platform neutral. The paper highlights the description problem of SOA within the context of the SCM and proposes a modeling framework as solution. It can help enterprises in mainland China to resolve their SCM with numbered money.

It is a reasonable proposition to suggest that a high level, meta-reasoner for Enterprise Information Systems should exist. Such a reasoner could act as a monitor, manager, planner, and trouble shooter for the information resources of an organization. The lead author has built such a reasoner, which is now in its nascent stages. The software is based upon a logic programming paradigm, and employs powerful reasoning formalisms recently developed within the logic programming community. One of those formalisms is a theory of actions. A key component of an action theory is the ability to reason with respect to time. Another key feature of an action theory is the ability to reason about the value of variables that take on different values determined by the context (i.e., time). These issues (time, and the values of variables with respect to time) taken together comprise what is known in the field as situation calculus. The variables that vary with respect to time are called fluents. This paper discusses the use of fluents in this meta-reasoner. We will suggest fluents and assertions about what fluents that could be, or should be used (or made). This paper will also discuss the relevance of these fluents and assertions.

Considering the information transmission system of agriculture M-informatization, pertinence and practicability are critical factors, but the current system lack these factors in China. Based on the case study of Agriculture Space Time of China Unicom and Agricultural ICT of China Mobile, the segmentation transmission approach is presented in this paper. To make the current information transmission system more pertinent and practical, we adopt segmentation transmission approach in the critical nodes of the closed loop information transmission system, which includes produce, gathering, analysis & process, supplying, sending, distribution, receiving, application and feedback. According to the key attribute dimensionality of users, this approach employs intelligent IMS (Information Matching System) to match the content of data dictionary with the individual needs of users, and analyze the static and dynamic attributes of users’ datum and the content of service by using the high-powered rule-engine. This data dictionary is based on the scientific multilayer-integrated data dictionary concerning farm products. Adopting the approach presented in this paper in current agriculture M-informationization system can successfully transmit all kinds of segmentation agriculture information to the right agriculture users.

In recent years, cell phones have played an increasingly important role in rapidly-developing global telecommunication services. At present, mobile business develops very fast. However, the development in other mobile service fields, such as public service, mobile medical service, etc, is still in its infant stage. Drawing on the experience of the ‘doctor workstation project’ which is cooperated by Renmin University of China and Norway Fredskorps Corporation, this paper discusses the research and implementation of the Doctor Workstation System based on cell phone mobile platform. From the practice of the Doctor Workstation System, the paper advances a conceptual model of public medical service system based-on cell phone mobile platform.

SOA is a very important guiding theory in constructing information systems recently, the design granularity of information systems will gradually evolve from module to component. At first, this paper shows a SOA oriented information system architecture based on web services. Then it points out that getting web services reasonably and legally is the primary problem in the process of this architecture’s realization. According to the different managers of web services, this paper proposes three possible operational mechanisms of web services: (1) Web Service predominant characteristic mechanism guided by large enterprises, (2) Web Services portal mechanism guided by industrial category, (3) Web Service Uniform Alliance (WSUA) mechanism. These three mechanisms may exist and compete with each other at the same time. And the authors think that the ideal operational mechanism is to build a Web Service Uniform Alliance from the perspective of utilizing and saving global intellectual resources.

This paper proposes a new formalized definition of generalized association rule based on Multidimensional data. The algorithms named BorderLHSs and GenerateLHSs-Rule are designed for generating generalized association rule from multi-level frequent item sets based on Multidimensional Data. Experiment shows that the algorithms proposed in this paper are more efficiency, generate less redundant rules and have good performance in flexibility, scalability and complexity.

Modern production management systems consist of transaction processing systems and decision enhancement systems. A clear example of two such components are an ERP systems and APS systems. These systems are often standard software systems, and therefore suitable for many different situations. This paper analyses the combination of ERP and APS from the perspective of change. The paper builds on a classification of ERP-APS integrations and an analysis of changeability of ERP systems. The paper elaborates on issues encountered when changing ERP-APS integrations. The main conclusion is that such changes are technically complex because of different technologies and different data models used. Therefore, end user education and training is emphasized Moreover, they are organizationally complex because many stakeholders are involved.

The costing and data mining of logistics costs will become increasingly important to all firms seeking competitive advantages. Activity Based Costing (ABC) is considered as the optimized and most promising method of costing and controlling logistics cost now, and logistics cost data mining based on ABC is playing a very important role in business management. The paper firstly analyses the costing principle of ABC for logistics projects, and according to the basic principles of ABC and business management, the paper puts forward the basically technical route of logistics project costing and data mining based on ABC for business management and decision-making, moreover, the concrete costing process and model of applying ABC are deduced, then the further application forms of data mining based on ABC are summarized and elaborated for business management and decision-making.

In Information Retrieval (IR), the user’s input query conditions usually are not detailed enough, so the satisfactory query results can not be brought back. Query expansion of IR can help to solve this problem. However, the common query expansion in IR cannot get steady retrieval results. In this paper, we propose and implement query expansion method which combines domain ontology with the frequent of terms. Ontology is used to describe domain knowledge; logic reasoner and the frequency of terms are used to choose fitting expansion words. By this way, higher recall and precise can be gotten as user’ query results. Experimental results show that compared with the results of common query expansion, the method described in this paper can get statistically significant improvement in recall and precise combination.

In recent years, information system based on browse/server architecture (namely B/S architecture) received more favor by enterprises. Ajax technology consists of five parts. They are HTML, JavaScript, DHTML, DOM and XML. With the help of cooperation and collaboration of these technologies, they can optimize the conventional enterprise information system by using an asynchronous way. Meanwhile, a quickly-responded and smoother user interface was provided. Enterprise information system with Ajax can be operated in a more efficient way, which means even use the current hardware, it can provide more load capacity, be more stable and serve more clients in parallel. In this paper: we present two kinds of information system models, one use conventional B/S architecture and the other use Ajax enhanced B/S architecture. First, we build both of the systems in accordance with typical business applications (search files, database access, etc.). Second, we use standard web pressure test tool such as Microsoft Web Application Stress tool to test both of the systems to get information like concurrent user number and average response time. Finally, with those experimental data, I compare and found out the difference between the two systems. The results presented in this paper propose a good way for enterprises, to enhance the information system performance, capacity and stability under a definite hardware facilities circumstance.

In this paper, a formal analysis of security protocols in the field of wireless sensor networks is presented. Two complementary protocols, TinySec and LEAP, are modelled using the high-level formal language HLPSL, and verified using the model checking tool Avispa, where two main security properties are checked: authenticity and confidentiality of messages. As a result of this analysis, two attacks have been found: a man-in-the-middle- attack and a type flaw attack. In both cases confidentiality is compromised and an intruder may obtain confidential data from a node in the network. Two solutions to these attacks are proposed in the paper.

Complex programs often contain multiple, interwoven strands of computation, each responsible for accomplishing a distinct goal. The individual strands responsible for each goal are typically delocalized and overlap rather than being composed in a simple linear sequence. We refer to these code fragments as being interleaved. Interleaving may be intentional-for example, in optimizing a program, a programmer might use some intermediate result for several purposes-or it may creep into a program unintentionally, due to patches, quick fixes, or other hasty maintenance practices. To understand this phenomenon, we have looked at a variety of instances of interleaving in actual programs and have distilled characteristic features. This paper presents our characterization of interleaving and the implications it has for tools that detect certain classes of interleaving and extract the individual strands of computation. Our exploration of interleaving has been done in the context of a case study of a corpus of production mathematical software, written in Fortran from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This paper also describes our experiences in developing tools to detect specific classes of interleaving in this software, driven by the need to enhance a formal description of this software library's components. The description, in turn aids in the automated component-based synthesis of software using the library.