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Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure S1. Localization of TP53 mutations at CpG and non-CpG sites in GC samples from Eastern Europe, China, and Japan (exon 4-8). Mutation-distribution maps were created using the cBioPortal mutation mapper ( http://www.cbioportal.org/mutation_mapper ). Black dots indicate truncating mutations (nonsense and frameshift mutations). The light purple dot indicates a silent mutation. P53_TAD, TP53 transcriptional activation domain; P53, TP53 DNA-binding domain; P53 tetramer, TP53 tetramer domain.

Supplementary Material 1

Additional file 5: Supplementary Figure S5. Mutation spectrum of the TP53 gene in GC in each population. Six substitution types are depicted in the bar graph as follows: C > A (light blue), C > G (black), C > T (red), T > A (gray), T > C (yellow-green), and T > G (pale orange).

Additional file 4: Supplementary Figure S4. Designations of populations based on TCGA classification. The majority of the data were from the “White” population. The “Asian” population was not defined, especially whether they were only residing in Asia or not. NA, not available.

Additional file 3: Supplementary Figure S3. Mutation spectra in intestinal and diffuse-type GCs in East Europe, China, and Japan. The TP53 mutations were classified into six types of single nucleotide substitutions, as well as deletions (del), insertions (ins), deletion-insertion (delins), and splice mutations. The G:C > A:T transition was subdivided into G:C > A:T at CpG and non-CpG sites. Each spectrum is shown in the pie graph as follows: G:C > A:T at CpG sites (blue), G:C > A:T at non-CpG sites (orange), A:T > G:C (gray), G:C > C:G (yellow), G:C > T:A (light blue), A:T > C:G (light green), A:T > T:A (dark blue), del (brown), delins (dark gray), ins (light brown), and splice mutations (light navy). The prevalence of G:C > A:T at non-CpG sites (orange) in diffuse-type GCs in Asia was significantly different from that in Eastern Europe (p < 0.05). * Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).

Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure S2.TP53 mutation types in the intestinal and diffuse types of GC samples from Eastern Europe, China, and Japan (exon 4-8). The pie graphs show the percentages of the mutations, including missense (blue), nonsense (orange), and silent mutations (gray), deletions (del) (yellow), deletion-insertion (delins) (light blue), insertions (ins) (light green), and splice site mutations (dark blue) in TP53 in GC samples from Eastern Europe, China, and Japan. The prevalence of silent mutations (gray) in diffuse-type GCs was significantly different between Europe and Asia (P < 0.01). * Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).

Additional file 7: Table S5. Oligonucleotide sequences used in the study.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of the FMO and TYO fish groups. A and B Pearson’s correlation analysis (A) and principal component analysis (B) of the six samples from the two groups. C and D Distribution of mCs in different genomic regions (C) and in different gene elements (D). E and F Methylation levels (E) and length distribution (F) of DMRs.

Additional file 3: Table S1. Methylated cytosines percentage of different context

Additional file 7: Table S5. Oligonucleotide sequences used in the study.

Additional File 2: Fig. S2. Correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression (A) The methylation levels of different gene groups (with different mRNA expression levels) in the TYO group. B The mRNA expression levels of different gene categories (with different methylation levels) in the promoter region of the TYO group. C mRNA expression levels of different gene categories (with different methylation levels) in the gene body regions of the TYO group. D Correlation between DNA methylation levels and gene expression levels of promoter hyper-DMGs. E Correlation between DNA methylation levels and gene expression levels of gene body hypo-DMGs.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Clustered heatmap of yaks in different health status at the bacterial genus level. The color values of the heatmap indicate the normalized relative richness of each species. Fig. S2. Clustered heatmap of yaks in different health status at the fungal genus level. The color values of the heatmap indicate the normalized relative richness of each species. Fig. S3. The gut bacterial comparisons between healthy and diarrheic yaks in phylum and genus levels. Metastats analysis was applied to identify the significantly differentially abundant bacterial genera between both groups and all of the data represent means ± SD. * p

Additional file 1: Supplement Figure 1. Association between the lipophilic index and oral cancer by stratified analysis.

Additional file 2: Supplement Table 1. Multivariable generalized Linear Models of mediation of outcome models.

Additional file 1. Supplementary materials of the full text, including of Table S1: The design of primers in six different amino acid sites; Figure S1: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to evaluate catalytic activities of the mutants for α-ketobutyric acid; Figure S2: SDS-PAGE to analyze the purified mutant protein. Figure S3: The concentration of L-2-Aminobutyric acid was detected by HPLC; Figure S4: Chiral analysis of aminobutyric acid; Figure S5: Enzyme kinetic curve of ω-transaminase.

Additional file 2. Additional methods.

Additional file 2. Raw materials of the full text, containing the original, unprocessed and uncropped version of the table 1, Fig 2 and Fig 5 in manuscript. The schematic view of the pET28 plasmid as well as the designed gene structure in assay.

Additional file 2: [44]

Additional file 1

Additional file 1. Additional tables.

Additional file 1. Additional tables.

Additional file 2. Â Additional methods.