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Purpose. The research aims to analyze dynamic energy modeling of buildings using EnergyPlus and DesignBuilder software. The primary goal is to assess the energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and energy balance of buildings, taking into account various aspects such as ventilation and dynamic changes in temperature and humidity. Methodology. EnergyPlus and DesignBuilder software were utilized to create detailed dynamic models of buildings. Special attention was given to modeling ventilation and studying the energy balance. Various ventilation modeling algorithms were compared to determine their impact on energy efficiency. Findings. Energy flows in buildings based on dynamic energy balances for the heating period were investigated. A detailed analysis of the influence of ventilation on dynamic energy balances in the studied residential building room was conducted. Originality. This research offers a new perspective on dynamic energy modeling of buildings, expanding knowledge in this field by focusing on ventilation and energy balance aspects. The results contribute significantly to the development of approaches to improve energy efficiency, creating new opportunities for practical applications in engineering design and building operation. Practical value. The obtained results are an important contribution for engineers and designers developing strategies to reduce energy consumption and optimize energy use in buildings. The research can serve as a guide for the practical implementation of dynamic modeling in the planning and operation of buildings to achieve optimal energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The aim of the work is to study various aspects of the implementation of the nZEB - concept of buildings in European countries and to identify the main problems and obstacles to the scaling and development of buildings with near zero energy consumption and the use of this experience for Ukraine. Methodology. Analysis of regulatory documents, scientific papers and practices on the use of the nZEB concept in European countries. Findings. A review of legal documents, scientific papers and practices on the implementation and consolidation of the definition of the concept of buildings with almost zero energy consumption in European countries as a complement of a highly energy efficient building and renewable energy sources, energy efficient materials and technologies was carried out. Options for a detailed assessment of the new construction of the nZEB residential sector were considered. The impact of possible climate change on the characteristics of nZEB during the life cycle, including heating and cooling needs, is analyzed. Examples of the implementation of the nZEB concept in the renovation of buildings for various purposes are given. The emphasis is on the possible inconsistency and harmonization of nZEB standards with the best financial solutions and the sequence of implementation of approaches to ensure near zero energy consumption by buildings for various purposes for different climatic regions of Europe, the main challenges and obstacles in increasing the share of use of such buildings are analyzed. Originality. Various aspects of the implementation of the nZEB concept are grouped and analyzed, from regulatory documents, government incentives, balance in the concept of energy efficient solutions and the share of renewable energy sources, to technical and cultural-behavioral barriers. Practical Value of the work lies in the use of the above approaches and the experience of European countries for scaling the houses of the nZEB concept in the conditions of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The purpose of the study is an experimental analysis of the behavior and changes in thermophysical properties of the most widely used thermal insulation systems during their entire operational life. Method. In order to study the thermophysical properties of various options for the thermal insulation of wall-enclosing structures, measures were taken to modernize the administrative building and a complex for the study of heat losses was developed. A comparison of experimental data obtained during the operation of heat-insulating structures over a long period of operation is carried out. Results Experimental data on temperature fluctuations and the distribution of heat flow density of a thermomodernized section of a wall-enclosing structure insulated by various methods were obtained from February 16-17, 2013 and January 16-17, 2022, and a comparison of the values of the actual coefficients of thermal conductivity of various heat-insulating materials in the first approximation was carried out. Scientific novelty. The need to assess the influence of the service life on the thermal and physical properties of heat-insulating materials used in thermomodernization of buildings of various purposes is experimentally substantiated. Practical significance. An important factor that is not taken into account when designing heatinsulating shells is presented and constructed, and the way of its research is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic situation in Ukraine is dynamically regressing under martial law and needs an immediate reduction in energy costs in everyday life and industry. The introduction of new efficient technologies and equipment that can intensify technological processes will help reduce energy costs and obtain new energy-efficient equipment. This article proposes the use of a mobile technological complex for the production of dispersed systems based on water-soluble polymers. The article considers the formation of water-soluble polymers based on dry substances of guar and xanthan gum and carboxymethylcellulose (WSP). Such water-soluble polymers, in addition to high technological characteristics, have significant adhesive properties, which greatly complicates the process of their production. WSP is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, mining, textile, paper and construction industries, agriculture, oil production, industrial wastewater treatment, soil stabilization, etc. A new area of application of WSP is the preparation of liquid heat storage materials used in thermal energy storage (TES) and ensuring stable operation of the heat supply system. However, with widespread use, several negative technological phenomena cause significant energy costs to obtain a homogeneous solution. To overcome these negative factors, the use of a mobile technological complex is proposed, which makes it possible to obtain a high-quality homogeneous water-soluble polymer both in the laboratory and industrial production conditions. The operation of the mobile technological complex is based on the three-stage mixing of the components in a certain sequence, which is due to the chemistry of the process of dissolving solids. The mobile technological complex provides for the use of an original magnetic mixer at the initial stage for pre-activation of water and highquality mixing of the WSP, and at the end of a modernized mixing reactor for additional mixing of the solution. The main effect from the introduction of a mobile technological complex is a reduction in the cost of the final product and the time of the technological process, which leads to a decrease in the consumption of energy resources in mixing processes, an increase in productivity, and a reduction in the specific energy intensity of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processes of obtaining freons by processing anode gases during the production of nuclear-grade zirconium have been studied. Anode processes in the production of zirconium by electrolysis of K2ZrF6 - KCl - KF, K2ZrF6 - KCl - KF - KI and ZrF4 - KCl - KF are considered. The disadvantages of using the traditional electrolyte K2ZrF6 - KCl - KF are revealed. It is shown that the introduction of potassium iodide in the amount of 0.03-0.5% iodine into the electrolyte reduces the discharge of chlorine at the anode and its concentration in the anode gas to 1%. It has been established that due to a decrease in the KCl discharge in the presence of iodine ions, this makes it possible, when operating the electrolyzer with a current load of 10 kA on the electrolyte K2ZrF6 - KCl - KF - KI, to increase its productivity by 6%, to reduce the consumption of KCl from 218.0 kg to 40.0 kg per day, while reducing the formation of ballast (KF) by 1.8 times stabilizes the electrolyte level and the electrolysis process. This contributes to an increase in current efficiency, while increasing to 65%, and reducing the consumption of electricity and salts: when KI is introduced, the consumption of a mixture of K2ZrF6 and KCl salts decreases by 1.7 times, and the specific consumption of NaOH alkali for gas purification from chlorine drops from 0, 7 t to 0.01 tons per 1 ton of Zr. The specific power consumption is reduced by 16 kWh/kg. It has been established that the replacement of K2ZrF6 with ZrF4 and a decrease in electrolyte fluoride by 3–5% contributes to an increase in electrical conductivity and current efficiency up to 78%, which makes it possible to reduce the specific power consumption to 40 kWh per 1 kg of powder. The processing of products of anodic reactions is shown to allow obtaining fluoro-chloro-derivative hydrocarbons, in particular, freons F-11 - F-14. It has been established that the freon yield when using electrolyte K2ZrF6 - KCl - KF is 1.00, K2ZrF6 - KCl - KF - KI - 0.78 and ZrF4 - KCl - KF - 1.50 kg/kg of zirconium powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of modern science-intensive innovative energy-saving technologies and equipment is a necessary condition for the successful existence of industrial enterprises. The relevance of the use of cavitation technologies is determined by the effective use of energy in processes related to the processing of liquid heterogeneous dispersed systems for the intensification of mechanical and physico-chemical effects at the stages of dissolution, mixing, dispersion, homogenization, extraction, emulsification, sterilization, and others. The development and application of cavitation technologies and designs of hydrodynamic cavitation devices is possible in various industries. The purpose of the article was to analyze and generalize the existing experience of using cavitation technologies and equipment in the food industry. It has been proven that devices using the phenomenon of hydrodynamic cavitation are characterized by significant prospects. Their use makes it possible to increase the intensity of influence during the processing of complex dispersed systems and improve the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of food products, such as: increasing the total amount of soluble solids, the stability of suspensions and emulsions; preservation of a significant amount of biologically active substances and vitamins; increasing antioxidant activity, increasing the degree of protein hydrolysis, inactivation of unwanted microorganisms and enzymes, etc. Cavitation technologies and equipment are successfully used for the production of milk, yogurt, fruit and vegetable juices, pectin, carotene, and tannin. A very promising direction is the use of hydrodynamic cavitation in technologies for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. Cavitation effects allow conducting high-quality disinfection of natural and wastewater without chemical reagents therefore, they are widely used in the food industry for disinfection, sterilization and aeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern technologies, especially drying processes, are energy consuming. Also, the main tasks in the development of heat technology in the food industry is to reduce energy costs for the dehydration process. Such scientific developments will make it possible to increase the level of energy security of the state and the competitiveness of the national economy, to reduce Ukraine's dependence on imported energy in general. Due to the spread of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, changes in heart muscle, poor digestion, impaired reproductive function, the main task of food industry workers is to replace as much as possible in the finished food synthetic flavors, dyes for natural. Today in Ukraine there is not enough production of vegetable raw materials in powders that allow to preserve the quality of raw materials. Modern methods of obtaining red beetroot powder make it possible to keep betanine at the level of 50-70% in the final product. Therefore, the development of new methods and improvement of existing technologies for drying red beetroot in order to obtain a natural dye is important and significant. The main raw material, that has a high content of betanine with antioxidant properties is red beetroot. This culture is traditional in the diet of the population of Ukraine. An important emphasis in the processing method of drying antioxidant raw materials is to reduce energy consumption for the dehydration process, the maximum preservation of biologically active substances and reduce the cost of the final product. The benefit of natural antioxidants is that they are able to react with free radicals, neutralizing their harmful effects on the human body. Red beetroot is one of the few crops that contains betanine - a product of enzymatic decomposition of choline, which plays an important role in metabolism in the human body. This article presents waste-free energy-efficient heat technology for antioxidant red beetroot-tomato dye and tomato seeds. Thanks to the use of tomato pulp and peel as a natural stabilizer of betanine and two-stage convective drying, we obtain high-quality seed material and powdered natural product, which due to the high content of carotenoids, pectins, fiber, betanine, micro- and microelements can be used in therapeutic and prophylactic balanced diet. Red beet-tomato antioxidant dye improves the structure and consistency of products, gives color to products, increases their biological and nutritional value and can be widely used in the production of therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems of energy use and waste disposal are global problems of humanity, according to the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. Reducing the use of energy resources and increasing the share of biodegradable packaging in the food industry can reduce the burden on the environment. This study was performed in order to use the method of dehydration in the microwave field, which reduces energy costs. Analysis of research in Ukraine and around the world shows that such methods of dehydration are not used for collagen adhesives. Drying in ovens at low temperatures, which is used in industry, is long, requires a lot of energy. In addition, due to the duration of the process, antiseptics are added to the adhesive, which slows down the microbiological spoilage of the product. This article presents experimental studies of the process of dehydration of collagen glue in a microwave field. Since the product is thermolabile, several temperature regimes were analyzed: 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C in a microwave apparatus, and 60 °C in a thermostat. The glue samples were dehydrated to a moisture content of 17%, which corresponds to the moisture content of the product, which is produced industrially. According to the literature, under the influence of high temperature collagen adhesives lose their adhesive properties. It is currently unexplored how the microwave field can affect the quality of the adhesive. An experiment was performed using dehydrated samples in different modes to test the adhesive joint for mechanical deformation. Samples dehydrated in the microwave have successfully passed the tensile strength test. All samples withstood a load of 1.5 kN. Shear strength testing showed differentiation of results for samples treated at lower temperatures and samples treated at 80 °C and above. Loads on the adhesive joint before splitting showed that treated at temperatures below 60 ° C are stronger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a detailed analysis of the literature on the use of infrared and microwave energy supply in the drying of raw materials, the conclusion is made about the prospects of developing equipment that combines the combined effects of infrared and microwave radiation for drying oil-containing raw materials, including corn and soybeans. Analysis of these studies allows us to conclude that the use of microwave radiation accelerates the transfer of moisture from the middle of the material to the outside, and infrared radiation effectively transmits energy to moisture on the surface of the material. Thus, the combination of sequential exposure to microwave and infrared radiation can significantly accelerate the drying process and improve its energy efficiency. Previous studies of the drying kinetics of corn, sunflower and soybeans have yielded equations for determining the drying time of these products in such dryers, which, in turn, has become a starting point for creating methods of design and verification calculations of such dryers. The purpose of the constructive calculation of the dryer is to determine the overall dimensions of the dryer and the power of the installed emitters. At the first stage of calculation, the properties of the product, such as the equilibrium moisture content of the product and the coefficient of water activity, are determined by the parameters of the product and the environment. Next, the partial pressure of water vapor in the ambient air and the thermophysical properties of water vapor, such as the pressure of saturated water vapor, the specific heat of vaporization and the diffusion coefficient of water vapor in the air, are determined. At the next stage we determine the speed of the conveyor belt. Next, we determine the corresponding values of the mass transfer coefficients and the generalized mass transfer coefficient. The value of the generalized mass transfer coefficient determines the drying rate in the first period and the drying time.The length of the installation and the number of mass transfer modules are determined by the determined value of the product residence time in the installation. At the last stage, the power of the IR emitters of a separate IR module and the power of the microwave emitters of a single microwave module are calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern technologies, especially drying processes, are energy consuming. Also, the main tasks in the development of heat technology in the food industry is to reduce energy costs for the dehydration process. Such scientific developments are a way to a competitive economy and energy independence of Ukraine. Due to the spread of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, changes in heart muscle, poor digestion, impaired reproductive function, the main task of food industry workers is to replace as much as possible in the finished food synthetic flavors, dyes for natural. In Ukraine, vegetable production prevails over its consumption. Processing by drying and obtaining a powdered product is almost absent. Modern methods of obtaining beetroot powder make it possible to keep betanin at the level of 50-70 % in the final product. Therefore, the development of new methods and improvement of existing technologies for drying red beetroot in order to obtain a natural dye is important and significant. Red beetroot have a high content of betanine with antioxidant properties and are traditional in the diet of the population of Ukraine. Since drying is an energy-intensive process, reducing energy costs for the dehydration process and maximum preservation of biologically active substances and reducing the cost of the final product is relevant. The benefit of natural antioxidants is their ability to react with free radicals, neutralizing their detrimental effects on the human body. Betanine is a red food coloring, derived from red beetroot, and can be used in the production of ice cream, confectionery, and powdered soft drinks. This article highlights the waste-free energy-efficient heat technology for the production of antioxidant red beetroot-tomato dye and tomato seeds. Due to the use of tomato pulp and peel, which contain organic acids and act as a dye stabilizer during drying with the specified modes. We get high-quality seed material and powdered natural product, which due to the high content of carotenoids, pectins, fiber, betanine, micro- and microelements can be used in therapeutic and prophylactic balanced nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most energy-intensive processes is thermal drying. It is known that the useful energy expended on the evaporation of moisture in convection dryers, according to various calculations, is only 40… 50 %. The specific energy consumption of convection dryers used in enterprises reaches 8 MJ / kg of removed moisture, which is almost three times more than the physically required minimum. In addition, emissions of spent drying agent with a high heat content increase the thermal pollution of the environment. One way to solve this problem is filtration drying under high pressure. This method of drying has the following advantages: heating and moving the drying agent is carried out by one device - a compressor, resulting in full use of the enthalpy of the drying agent, which is spent not only on heating and evaporation, but also on overcoming hydrodynamic resistance. As a consequence, the temperature at the outlet of the dryer can be lower than the adiabatic saturation temperature and theoretically even lower than the ambient temperature, which leads to the complete absence of heat loss with the spent drying agent. Experimental studies of temperature kinetics during filtration drying under high pressure of wet material in the evaporation-condensation module (VCM) under the action of excess pressure generated by an external compressor have been carried out. The influence of pressure from 0.1 to 0.6 MPa on temperature kinetics and thermal efficiency of drying process was investigated. It is theoretically proved and experimentally confirmed that the thermal efficiency filtration drying in a dryer with VCM 12… 15 % higher than in convection filtration dryers in the temperature range 55… 90 С. It is shown that under conditions of excess pressure there is a constant temperature gradient over the material layer and the length of the VCM in contrast to filtration drying at atmospheric pressure. This gradient occurs due to the polytropic process in VCM with the material in the presence of heat exchange with the environment and friction forces. In this case, this temperature gradient is not a consequence of heat loss, but is the result of the conversion of the kinetic energy of the gas flow, which leads to a decrease in heat loss with the spent drying agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to create energy-efficient solutions when designing the lighting of the entrance group for the case when the object must provide round-the-clock operation Methodology. To achieve this goal, a method for multi-level connection of light sources of different intensities has been developed. The control of the processes of level regulation is carried out using motion sensors. Results. The modern level of LED products makes it possible to use LED lighting sources as universal ones, allowing you to implement any design solution. The introduction of motion sensors as elements for regulating the intensity of light allows to obtain more than 50% energy savings. Interesting design solutions help create light accents without creating too much lighting on certain objects. Scientific novelty. The work combines multilevel lighting systems using motion sensors as switches operating at night. The authors proposed a sequence of connecting the levels of the system to create the most comfortable stay and a good first impression of the institution. Such a system makes it possible to use lighting not only for practical purposes, but also for the most attractive visual appearance. Practical significance. The versatility of this methodology allows it to be applied to objects of various purposes, including round-the-clock service. However, it is important to plan for such a lighting system even at the design stage of the building in order to obtain the maximum economic benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Development and analysis of the main indicators of the investment project of the thermo-modernization of the student campus KPI and energy consumption management for the development of monitoring and integration in the educational process. Method. The technical and economic analysis with use of engineering methods of calculation, experimental measurements with use of the laboratory equipment is executed. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, specific methods (grouping, comparison, generalization), statistical data processing, modeling in specialized software products are used. Results. Reduction of total consumption of energy resources, as well as monetary costs for their payment; creation of conditions and tool base for research works; improving the quality of educational services, involving students in energy audits; software development and creation of an automated energy consumption monitoring system. Scientific novelty. A comprehensive approach to the development of investment projects to improve the energy efficiency of campuses, taking into account technical, economic and environmental indicators with in-depth engineering analysis of the characteristics of buildings and their engineering systems. New approaches to the development of an automated workplace of an energy manager with structural elements of the software of the energy monitoring system are proposed. Practical significance. An investment project of complex thermal modernization of student campus buildings and modernization of engineering networks of individual buildings with a choice of equipment and development of placement schemes has been developed. The main technical, economic and environmental indicators of the project are determined. An important educational direction is to involve students in the process of developing investment projects using modern technologies on the example of campus facilities, which will create an environment for comfortable learning conditions and research. The implementation of the investment project will allow to create a modern energy-efficient site with the use of innovative solutions on the basis of the existing old building stock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Development of electronic monitoring and control system for achieving an effective ratio between electrical energy generation and consumption in the local object power supply system. Methodology. The theory of electrical circuits and electronic circuits were used. Obtaned results. The electronic system for monitoring and controlling power supply in the local object power system was developed. The system comprises three modules: central processor, module for monitoring environment parameters and executive module which consists of measuring (current, voltage) and relay blocks. The central processor processes signals from monitoring and measuring blocks and forms executive commands on relay block in order to switch on/off consumer loads and electric generators. Developed systems alowes both maximal power take-off from distributed (renewable) energy sources and flexible implementation of power consumption regulation for achieving an effective ratio between the generation of electrical energy provided by renewable energy sources and the general distribution network, and the total load device consumption in the local object power system. Orginality. The electronic monitoring and controlling system in the local object power system alows providing generated and consumed loads monitoring in the real time. The system provides an ability to form real time energy profiles based on which the control algorithm for executive block control is formed in order to achieve an effective ratio between generation and consumption of electricity in the power system of the local facility. for in power consumption control system has been developed, which consists of a central processor, monitoring and executive units. The monitoring unit allows you to create energy profiles in real time, on the basis of which the control algorithm in the executive unit is formed in order to achieve an effective ratio between the electricity generation and consumption in the local object power system. Practical value. As a result of the presented work, an electronic system for monitoring and controling electricity supply in the local object power system with the defined formation of distributed energy sources generation and required consumption profiles in the real time was developed to provide efficient energy consumption according to the concepts of distributed electrical networks with renewable energy sources and Smart House. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of research is the heat-technological systems of sugar production and the heat-technological complex as a whole. A modern sugar factory is a complex hierarchical system of inextricably interconnected elements, and its basis – a heattechnological complex – combines the elements of technological, heat transfer, and mechanical equipment, in which complex physicochemical processes are simultaneously realized, closely interacting. Given the complexity of the internal relationships of processes, their parameters and characteristics, it is necessary to systematically approach the analysis of real functioning, performance evaluation and the solution of optimization problems of the complex as a whole, as well as its individual subsystems and elements. In this work, it is proposed a method for thermodynamic analysis of the heattechnological complex of sugar production as a single thermodynamic system, which allows to analyze the main factors influencing the energy efficiency of the complex regardless of the course of processes implemented within the system. The methodology is based on a joint analysis of the general synthetic and analytical balances of mass, energy and entropy. This model has a deep physical foundation, because the material balance equation is an integral form of the law of conservation of the quantity of matter, the energy balance equation is an integral form of the first law of thermodynamics, and the entropy balance equation is an integral form of the second law of thermodynamics. The main objective of the methodology is a quick assessment of the excellence of the heat-technological complex and its definition of «energy-saving potential». Also, the application of the principle of energy compensation of irreversibility and entropy criteria allows to determine the sources and causes of system imperfections, and imperfections are compiled to help develop a system of measures to increase the efficiency of the optimal sequence complex. Therefore, the proposed methodology of thermodynamic analysis, in contrast to the methods based on exergy characteristics, provides a comprehensive analysis, operating only with the fundamental laws and principles of classical thermodynamics. It can also be used both to optimize the energy characteristics of existing ones and to design new sugar industry enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the danger of implementing energy efficiency measures in the premises of educational institutions without taking into account the impact on humans. It is established that certain measures on the one hand raise the temperature in the classrooms, bringing it closer to comfortable, on the other hand worsen the air quality, which directly affects the body of people who study and teach. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and compare not only the energy consumption for heating, but also their impact on air quality, in particular the concentration of carbon dioxide. The aim of the work is to find ways to improve air quality (safe concentration of carbon dioxide) in the educational buildings of Odessa National Maritime University (ONMU). The object of research is the classrooms of ONMU. The subject of research is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the audience. The structure of communal expenses of the university is considered, the priority directions are defined, it is clearly defined that the main "flagships" of expenses are heat supply and the electric power. It is analyzed how the difference between temperature and norm and the increased concentration of CO2 affect the human body. It is traced what norms of concentration of carbon dioxide are offered in the developed countries of the world. It is established that the minimization of energy losses by slowing down the ventilation of the premises significantly worsens the air quality due to the rapid increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide. Replacing old windows with "energy efficient" without changes in the ventilation system further complicates the situation with air quality. Experimental studies of the dynamics of CO2 accumulation during the educational process. Measures are proposed, which are aimed primarily at ensuring air quality in classrooms, taking into account options for reducing energy consumption for heating. These measures can be divided into organizational or lowbudget and technical, which require considerable funds. The need to adopt domestic standards for carbon dioxide for public spaces and implement changes in the organization of the educational process, which will reduce heating costs and improve air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Consider ways to stimulate heat and energy conservation in Ukraine and other countries, based on an analysis of the legal framework and practical experience. Methodology. Review and analysis of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2035 “Security, Energy Efficiency, Competitiveness”, Laws of Ukraine “On Energy Saving”, “On Energy Efficiency Fund”. Review and analysis of the practical experience of applying different ways of stimulating energy saving, improving the efficiency of use of fuel and energy resources by economic entities, consumers in the housing sector in Ukraine and other countries. Findings. The ways of stimulation of heat and energy conservation in Ukraine are proposed, which envisage both the system of financing of projects of resource saving and ways of informing consumers about the energy efficiency of new equipment (through marking), buildings, households. Originality. The main directions to be developed for efficient management of energy efficiency projects, in particular, the efficient functioning of district heating; combined production of thermal and electric energy; use of local renewable energy resources; introduction of resource-saving eco-friendly technologies. Practical value. The legislation, which provides financial and informational ways of stimulating energy and heat conservation, as well as ways of financially filling the energy efficiency fund in Ukraine and the corresponding funds in other countries, is considered. The operation of the Energy Efficiency Fund is necessary for the provision of tax benefits, subsidies (targeted state and others), irrevocable appropriations for various types of energy conservation works, for the introduction of new types of energy saving equipment and technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Creation and development of organizational structure for managing campus energy consumption and enhancing responsible consumer behavior through their involvement in operational activities. Methods. The engineering aspects of an energy management system formation for various types of end consumers are considered. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used, specific methods (grouping, comparison, generalization), technical and economic analysis, experimental methods. Results. Reducing the total consumption of energy resources, as well as cash costs for their payment; creation of a tool base for research work; improving the quality of educational services, engaging students in energy audits. Scientific novelty. An integrated approach to in-depth analysis and planning of energy consumption was developed, the procedure for assessing the energy efficiency of buildings taking into account temperature, weather and operational factors was improved. The practical significance. Proposals for creating an energy-efficient campus using modern technologies and innovative solutions for energy supply, energy monitoring, energy management are presented. The educational goal of the project is to attract students to the process of creating and implementing real innovative energy supply projects using the example of the campus where they study. This will create an environment with comfortable conditions for research, education and life. Realization of the complex project "Smart Network" will show how it is possible to create a modern energy efficient platform based on the existing old building stock using modern technologies and innovative solutions of energy supply, energy monitoring, energy management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the problems of harmonious development of energy supply and energy efficiency of the economy in the context of European integration. The essence and role of state energy policy in the context of European integration is determined. The article provides a comparative description of the problems of the fuel and energy complex of Ukraine, recommendations for their solution in the context of European integration. The structure of investing in the unified energy system of Ukraine is characterized. The dynamics of volumes in the investment structure in the united energy country is analyzed. It is proposed directions for improving energy supply and energy efficiency of the Ukrainian economy in the context of European integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern technologies of production of oilseed fat products involve filtration using viable clays. Depending on the technology, 12-15 kg of bleaching clay are used per 1 ton of vegetable oil. Every year, about 80 tons of waste clay accumulates at the oil refinery with a capacity of 100 tons / day of oil. Depending on the technological process, the oil content in the bleaching clays after their mining can reach 65%. This sorbent is used once, so it is accumulated in large quantities at combines as a by-product. This material is classified as hazard class IV for its self-ignition ability. Therefore, the issue of solving the problem of its utilization is relevant. And biotechnological processing of these wastes into useful products is the most expedient and effective in terms of energy-efficient, ecological and economic requirements. The article deals with the state of the Ukrainian market, the classification of waste of the oil and fat industry, the directions of low-waste and non-waste technologies. The biotechnological potential of microbial lipases is shown, perspective and expediency of application of biotechnological method of utilization of fat fraction of waste using enzyme preparations. The conditions of fermentolysis of the waste of hydrogenated fat and margarine production of Rhizopus japonicus lipase, in particular its thermal stability, are considered. The obtained results of the study indicate the prospect of hydrolysis with Rhizopus lipase. It has been established that the content of free fatty acids in the hydrolyzate reaches the level of saturation after 72 hours of enzymatic hydrolysis, and the concentration of triglycerides is reduced to a minimum value. The thermal stability of lipase Rhizopus japonicus reaches a maximum at 40 ° C. The results of research should be used to improve the technology of processing waste oil and fat industry food and processing industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean protein products are the ideal source of amino acids important for the body, supplementing the proteins of cereals and are able to completely replace animal products. Soya -a natural source of plant phytoestrogens. One type of soy processing is drying. During the energy crises caused by energy-consuming technologies and equipment, there is a need for research and further development of energy-efficient drying regimes. In this article, there is a description of the recommended steps of the preliminary hygrothermal preparation of raw materials for drying, which allows inactivating the anti-food components in soy beans. As a result of the previous hygrothermal treatment almost complete inactivation of the trypsin inhibitor occurs, after the hydro-thermal treatment it remains only 4%. The expediency of creating a soybean -spinach mixture was substantiated and the energy -efficient drying of phytoestrogenic mixture was proposed. Experimental studies on drying of a soy-spinach composition at temperatures of the coolant-temperature of 60˚C and a step-by-step change in the temperature of the coolant 100 / 60˚C (at a temperature of 60 °C in the middle layer of the material, the temperature of the coolant was reduced from 100 °C to 60 °C) showed that the drying time of the material in the mode of the coolant-temperature 100 / 60˚С decreases by 25% compared with the duration of the process at 60˚С. The results of studies on the effect of heat carrier temperature on the change in the acid number of soybean -spinach mixture show that, when combined with carotene -containing raw materials, spinach, the nature of the change in the acid number is similar to the nature of whole soybeans. Studies were conducted of restore the resulting soy -spinach powder. It has been established that soy -spinach powder is recovered more than 2 times the standard (dry milk protein). As a result of the research, it was found that the creation of phytoestrogenic mixture of soya and spinach allowed to reduce energy consumption by 20-25% for the preparation of raw materials for drying. On the basis of the conducted research the heat-technology for drying phytoestrogenic plant material was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern world, hotels and restaurants are increasingly in demand. This is due to the high occupancy and active life of a modern person. The above-mentioned institutions in the process of their functioning bear irreversible environmental impacts. Studies conducted reveal a complete picture of the problems associated with the functioning of the hotel and restaurant complex, including the impact on the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere; consumption of resources; accumulation of solid waste and risks. In the course of the research the factors that influence and cause additional environmental burden are estimated. For the investigated hotel and restaurant enterprise the ecological policy is formed, the introduction of which will reduce the negative impact of the enterprise due to the formation of the organizational, technical and technological component. The influence of the hotel-restaurant complex on the environment by the method of relevant tables or the Leo-polda matrices is analyzed and evaluated. The register of environmental aspects of the hotel-restaurant complex, namely input, output and risk, has been developed; Subdivisions and processes that have a significant impact on the environment are identified. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that significant environmental impacts of sewage water pollution, which are contaminated with synthetic detergents. It was determined that the main pollutants entering the environment in the process of functioning of the hotel-restaurant complex are fluoro-chloro-organic compounds. The work identifies the environmental aspects of the enterprise and provides recommendations for improving the level of environmental safety of the hotel and restaurant business. In the course of research, it was determined that the hotel and restaurant company has a significant negative impact on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Development of a software complex for increasing energy efficiency of the city district due to implementation of optimal energy saving measures. The article considers the problem of increasing the efficiency of use of fuel and energy resources in Ukraine, rational use of energy in energy resources is justified, because the existing energy saving potential is quite large. Methodology. The article uses the system-structural approach to solving the energy efficiency problem of a separate energy consumption area of the city. As a mathematical apparatus, a rank analysis is used, which refers to the method of researching the technocenosis of energy consumption, which implies further optimization based on the criteria of the form of hyperbolic H-distributions. Results. The program "Smart Technocenosis" is presented for optimization of technocenosis energy consumption of the city district on the example of Solomyansky district of Kyiv, which is intended for analysis and increase of energy efficiency of energy consumption of objects of the budget sphere. Also, an example of calculations on the electricity consumption parameter made on the basis of the software system is considered. Originality. It was developed and proposed to use the software complex "Smart Technocenosis" to calculate the potential of energy saving and detect abnormal objects for the consumption of electric energy, thermal energy and gas. Practical significance. When using the "Smart Technocenosis" software program in the areas of energy saving in the city of Kyiv it is possible to achieve reduction of consumption of energy resources by objects of the budgetary sphere, reduction of expenses for fuel and energy resources and increase of comfort level in buildings of budgetary sphere with observance of sanitary-hygienic norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Explore the possibilities of management programs usage to control electricity demand in Ukraine. To develop an optimization mathematical model of the power consumption regime based on key indicators of the consumption schedule estimation and equipment flexibility factors. Methodology. Proved that as a result of demand side management programs for electricity are benefit of only for consumers and energy companies, but also for a whole society. Classification of demand management programs for electricity according to spheres of action presented. The article deals with the method for electricity consumption daily schedule optimization while implementing electricity demand management programs. Findings. The effects of demand management programs implementation and reducing consumption schedule unevenness problems based on optimization task with the schedule coefficient and the cost of electric energy reduction have been analyzed. The conducted variants research of demand side management programs influence on possibilities of electric energy consumption schedule modification confirmed the possibilities of increasing power systems functioning efficiency. Originality. Optimized energy consumption graphs are obtained based on key indicators for a group of the same type consumers, considering consumer interests, which enables to assess the effect demand side management programs implementation. Consumers peculiarities are considered by coefficient of their demand flexibility kг. Practical value. The mechanism for the DSM innovation programs for optimizing power consumption regimes introduction possibility evaluation has been obtained. Established that domestic electric energy consumers have a significant potential for peak consumption reduction by usage of demand side management programs aimed at costs reduction for consumers and increasing the electrical consumption schedule filling ratio for energy companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Application of complex approach to the creation of holistic educational platform of project activities in the field of energy efficiency. Methodology. The well-known personal-oriented methods of quality assurance of educational services are used as the basic factors of creating a complex set of skills, knowledge and competencies in the sphere of energy efficiency and an innovative process of obtaining them for students with different basic professional level. Findings. The realization of project-oriented educational platform involves the use of personalized learning technologies with the use of base of engineering and scientific projects to increase energy efficiency; allows forming elastically the content of the modules of multi-level training of students with a unique set of practical skills, knowledge and competences for each using the innovative process of obtaining them. Originality. The basic principles of educational platform for project activities in the field of energy efficiency creating are formed, the components of which have a multi-level structure for training and advanced training, implemented in the form of interconnected modules, courses, trainings that allowing to choose an individual educational trajectory for the hearer, taking into account the direction of specialization and professional interests. Practical value. Research results can be used in the creation of educational and research centers of energy efficiency to support the development of energy efficiency and renewable energy sectors, comprehensive training of business representatives, public institutions, trade unions and research institutes wishing to receive knowledge about the development and implementation of energy efficient projects and also when organizing program activities and initiatives with international representatives who are involved in their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article determines the relevance of the research of innovative methods of energy transfer in the processes of drying of plant raw materials. Electromagnetic emitters, as sources of contactless energy transmission in the processes of drying and sterilization of moist materials are used very limited. At the same time, such a method of drying is known for a long time and has a whole list of advantages over conventional convection drying technology. The article shows the main advantages of the process of drying of moist materials in microwave and infrared electromagnetic fields. The purpose and task of the study of the process of the combined power transmission with the use of both types of fields have been formed. The article describes the procedure for carrying out experiments on the study of the moisture removal process at a combined power transmission. The main characteristics of experimental equipment used in experiment -a special strip modular drying unit with microwave and infra-red heating zones are given. The choice of methods of experimental research of drying process is substantiated. The approximate model of the process of damp removal under the influence of an electromagnetic field and the choice of methods for determining the main dependencies characterizing the process are described. The generalized analysis of the results of the process of removing moisture under the influence of an electromagnetic field for several types of plant material is shown. The choice of the equipment scheme for an industrial plant for drying vegetable raw materials in the stream is substantiated. The basic design decisions and constraints in the design of a modular drying device with an electromagnetic energy source are determined. The experience of using an experimental drying unit with a combined electromagnetic power supply is generalized. The structural scheme and typical design of a universal plant for drying and sterilization of plant raw materials, food products and semi-finished products are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper looks into global trends in development of digital information and communication technologies within the concept of Industry-4.0 as well as means for their introduction into public administration and regulation practices. Present-day problemsof monitoring energy flows and developing the energy balance of national economy are reviewed. Some directions for improving an institutional as well as organizational and methodological support to monitoring of national energy flows on the basis of contemporary digital technologies are substantiated. The Concept of development of digital economy and society of Ukraine for a period of 2018-2020 outlines some prospects of transition to a radically new paradigm of the socio-economic development of our country: from a predominantly raw-material type of economy, mainly focused on consumption of natural resources, to high-tech industries which efficiency is achieved owing to the use of digital processes and resources produced with the help of IT technologies and up-to-date communication means. A Plan of immediate actions in implementation of the above Concept provides for development of solutions for encouraging the applicationof the Industry 4.0 technologies for efficient (rational) consumption of power at industrial facilities. Digital monitoring of energy and relevant financial flows, which will allow in the first place to develop a reliable energy balance of national economy and assess the efficiency level and directions for its structure improvement, is to become the basic information and communication platform for such solutions. The second, not less important, result which can be achieved once a digital monitoring system is introduced at the national level is creation of conditions for objective determination (rather than 'economic justification' by monopolists) of prices for energy resources as well as housing and utility services as the basis for effective regulation of activities of natural monopolies and development of real competition in energy resource markets, which, in its turn, will raise the level of social trustin economic reforms of authorities in the field of power engineering and energy efficiency. The digital monitoring system comprises many aspects of handling the issues of energy efficiency and energy saving, which will become the object of future studies on the basis of a by then new information platform, specifically: elaboration and introduction of a package of unified organizational, technical, communicative, information, software means and techniques for formation of all kinds of energy balances and monitoring of its indicators according to common standards as well as development of automated software and hardware tools for accounting and control of energy resource consumption and use of housing and utility services. Only the employment of up-to-date information and communication technologies will allow to improve transparence, reliability and comparability of consumption and payment accounting of fuel and energy resources on a real-time basis and, based on the above, to develop high-quality energy balances at all levels of the territorial productionhierarchy of administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goal. Develop energy-efficient machines with a complex movement of working tanks for the finishing of parts and obtain dependencies to determine the power they consume. Method. The development and research of constructive and kinematic parameters of the machine was carried out using the SolidWorks 2012 automated design system, and experimental research was carried out on a specially designed experimental installation with a complex spatial movement of the working capacity. Results. The designs of machines with complex spatial movement of working tanks are developed, which provide high-performance finishing of parts in mass. The analytical study of the power consumed on the driving shaft of the machine with the complex spatial movement of the working tanks has been carried out. An equation is obtained which allows to calculate the maximum value of the power consumed on the driving shaft of the machine. It is shown that the proposed equipment and methods of processing are more energy efficient (in 2 - 3 times) than traditional ones. Scientific novelty. An interconnection between the angular speed of the drive shaft, the dimensions of the working tank, the mass of the machine links and the working medium loaded to the capacity and the power consumed on the driving shaft of the machine for machining parts in mass are established. Practical significance. An equation is obtained which allows to calculate the maximum value of the power consumed on the driving shaft of the machine, and also new designs of machines with complex spatial motion are developed in which drives are used that allow to realize the necessary law of change of angular velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Improvement of the approaches to the creation and processes of the functioning of electrotechnological sewage treatment systems for industrial facilities in accordance with the requirements of environmental safety and rational use of energy resources. Method. By means of the analysis of modern methods of water purification of industrial facilities, intelligent control over the removal of pollutants of effluents is proposed on the basis of the synthesis of control algorithms and the implementation of object-oriented technological regulations for the operation of combined electrotechnical water treatment systems, taking into account the requirements of ecological safety and reducing energy consumption levels. Results. The work substantiates and practically realizes the approaches for the development of object-oriented technological regulations of combined electrotechnical water treatment systems for industrial facilities. Originality. The method of synthesis of algorithms for control and development of object-oriented technological regulations of combined electrotechnological systems for water purification of industrial facilities with increased energy efficiency was developed, taking into account the operation of abnormal situations of technogenic and natural origin. The practical significance. On the basis of specialized software, algorithms for managing the electrotechnological plant for water treatment have been developed, and object-oriented technological regulations for managing the operation of combined electrotechnological sewage treatment systems for industrial facilities have been developed to reduce power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European experience of forming national energy balances is generalized. Certain problems of improvement of energy statistics at international level in connection with the processes of energy markets liberalization are determined. The basic requirements in relation to the implementation of European principles of transparency, credibility and comparability of accounting of fuel and energy resources in Ukraine in the context of integration of energy markets are outlined. The efficiency of the institutional support for energy resources accounting and process of forming of energy resources balance of Ukraine is analyzed. The factors causing subzero authenticity of the data on forming energy balance of the country are determined. The fact of the existence of disparity of informative, energy and financial streams all-round the logistic contour of the system of energy providing is set. It is wellproven that authenticity of accounting of energy streams in the state is the substantial factor of increasing the energy efficiency of economy. The informative and organizational mechanism of improving the process of forming the energy balance of the country through the establishment of the single state system of monitoring of production, supply, transporting, consumption and payment for fuel and energy resources is offered and its expediency is grounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Power factor improvement and the corresponding values of the efficiency index through shunt active filter for three-phase power system. Methodology. Energy efficiency of the electrical engineering complex "shunt active filter Cables for Power Systems" is estimated by ratio of Energy loss from inverters to power cables. It's proved the analytical usefulness of shunt active power filter in terms of energy efficiency. Results. This paper surely contains solutions to extremal problems for parameters that determine the output performance of three-phase power system in the Nonsinusoidal Operation Modes: the full power of a ratio four-resistances of the power cable determination; power loss minimization and maximizing power factor. Scientific novelty. For the first time the method for upgrades to improve efficiency through the use of shunt active filtering for energy efficiency estimation of three-phase four-wire system was proposed and it can improve the load power factor with account of filter's intrinsic losses. Practical significance. The new analytical dependence applicability of shunt active filter for increasing energy efficiency of four-wire major power system was obtained. These correlation functions are capable to substantiate the selection of hardware components and switching frequency of power inverters for shunt active filters at design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern trends in Smart Grid systems aimed on intellectualization of existing electricity supply networks, energy supply and creating local Microgrid systems ensure a high level of reliability and power quality. As part of the Smart Grid concept demand side management applications play an important role in solving technical and technological problems arising in the practical implementation of this concept. The network must implement a catena of demand side management programs by providing various services according to the situation, requirement contracts, forecasting of consumption/demand and collect information about energy savings. An important need in demand side management programs implementation is an adequate indicator for actual power consumption to relatively optimal, as a variant of this indicator should be used an indicator based on Frieze power, as it takes place on uneven terms of processes even in the absence of reactive elements in the network. The concept of Frieze power QФ for the grid period is distributed, which helped to get value for optimal assessment processes taking into account voltage and current deviations and ripple coefficients. Variant of usage of QФ/U1 2I1 2 indicator is an illustration of the real power consumption to optimal, because it takes place even in absence of reactive elements in grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides comprehensive analysis of industrial development problems in Rivne region. Territorial disparities of industrial development, as well as their causation, are revealed based on the analysis of the basic production assets. Analyzing foreign trade relations of the region, the author determined the problem of ensuring a competitive industrial production. Also the article deals with the causes and essence of a trend consisting in switching of many enterprises to the tolling scheme. Energy efficiency of industries in the region is investigated as the problem escalating due to raise of energy prices. Relevant indicators are compared with the national and European average. One of the important problems described in the article is the environmental pollution by industrial waste and the negative impacts of extractive industries on the regional natural ecosystems. Among problems described in the article the key one is the increasing pace of deterioration of the basic industrial and production funds and low innovation activity of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To consider the traditional and new methods of energy generation, as well as problems of power industry and improving energy efficiency of technological objects. Methodology. Review and analysis of conventional and non-conventional energy sources and the use of the structural model for the analysis of energy efficiency of technological objects. Findings. Alternative types of power, improved methods for their preparation and methods for improving energy efficiency of technological objects are considered. Originality. An analysis of major energy losses that occur in technological objects. Practical value. It has been introduced that In order to reduce energy losses in electromechanical systems , it Is important to improve the quality of processes and efficiency of electrical devices and appliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Energy efficiency public sector schools. Analysis of energy efficiency, development of strategies for their implementation. Methodology. The applied systematic approach to the analysis of energy systems as a whole on real objects of the university. Findings. It was developed, comprehensive technical and economic calculations and implemented energy efficiency measures, which are used in the educational process, scientific work of teachers and students. The analysis of energy efficiency measures and strategy of their development and implementation. A business plan implementation of certain measures and the university as a whole. Originality. It was proved that ensuring energy-efficient operation of public sector institutions is possible only if a systematic approach to the measures implemented. A rating action on various grounds. Practical value. Implemented a number of energy efficiency measures that significantly reduce the cost of funds to pay for heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Automatized and energy effective control system is developed for a block type hall of residence lighting. Methodology. Application of AVR microcontrollers and program realization of lighting control for energy saving. Findings. Energy effective control system is developed and manufactured for energy saving. Originality. Development of engineering methods for automatic systems of control lighting systems design and calculation. Practical value. The developed control system can be used in a block type hall of residence lighting for energy saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Development and technic-economic comparison of energy efficient solutions for a typical 5-storey residential building project, exterior envelope resistance to heat of which does not meet modern requirements. Methodology. To determine the energy performance of the building the methodology of building energy passport drafting according to ДСТУ-Н Б А.2.2-5:2007 was used. Findings. Thermomodernization of buildings leads to significant cost savings for heating. Thus, the introduction of energy-efficient solutions for the building test type design can lead to the following achievements: replacement of windows by more energy efficient ones leads to a reduction of energy consumption for heating by 14,7%; insulation of external walls with bringing heat resistance to the normative values reduces heat losses by 40.4%; the most quantity of heat energy conservation (76,8%) is achieved by the integrated approach (external building envelope insulation, installation of energy efficient windows, the introduction of automation control unit for one-pipe heating system and auto-heat auto-regulation of heat transfer of heating radiators). Knowing the value of investments in energy saving measures, we can calculate the payback period of these measures and determine the optimal energy-saving solution. Originality. The options for improving energy efficiency of a typical residential building project were investigated and analyzed and the structure of the heat losses of the building prior to and after the thermomodernization was determined. Practical value. The analysis and comparison of variants of thermal energy saving solutions of the building can be used to determine the best option and identify ways to further improvements the energy efficiency of buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kirovograd National Technical University Purpose. Reducing the cost of funds for the purchases of the energy resources by increasing the level of the energy efficiency. Methodology. The methods of comprehensive complex energy audit and analysis of the synthetic fuel and energy balance are used. Findings. The possibilities of the energy saving are found and their ranking in order of priority of their implementation is conducted. Originality. Taking into account the specificity of the object of the energy audit and the peculiarities of the regimes of the energy usage allowed to improve the model of the energy management system, which is to perform oversight functions concerning compliance of the norms and regimes of the energy usage and allows to systematize the priority tendencies and projects to increase the energy efficiency. Practical value. Results of the energy research allowed finding out the reserves of the energy saving and reducing costs on the payment for the energy carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The components of information technology in the technological and technical auditing and monitoring of municipal buildings are investigated. The integrated environment is chosen and software prototype of subsystems of thermal monitoring software is created. The subsystem is aimed at the analysis and processing of heterogeneous data on energy efficiency of municipal property and performs decision support and cost calculations of energysaving measures. The study was carried out as follows: 1. The selected programming language is Java. 2. The selected development environment is NetBeans. NetBeans IDE is integrated development environment written in Java. NetBeans program can run on platforms Windows, Linux, Mac OS and other platforms that support Java virtual machine (JVM), supports the development of programming languages Java, C/C++, PHP, JavaScript and others. 3. The prototype of subsystems of thermal monitoring software is developed and described. These researches may help management of housing and communal services, economics and financial management of city councils to analyze and make ODA decisions to initiate energy saving projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article. The aim of this article is to research the implementation of different types of energy service contracts and financial mechanisms of work of energy service companies (ESCOs) in the domestic economic conditions in order to improve the approach to energy management and activate energy effective and resource saving processes in Ukraine. The results of the analysis. High energy consumption in the economy of Ukraine is the result of inefficient use of energy resources which has negative effect on the energy safety of the country, deteriorates the environment and undermines people's health. The potential to decrease energy consumption in Ukraine is so high that decisive actions in this sphere, as experts claim, can lead to 20-30% decrease of annually consumed energy resources in the country. Consequently, there is a great necessity to activate energy and resource saving by developing energy service activity and creating the chain of specialized ESCOs in Ukraine. ESCO is one of the most effective and widespread organization forms in the world that increases energy efficiency of national economy; its efficiency was proved both in developed countries and those which are developing. The implementation of different types of energy performance contracts of specialized ESCOs was studied in the article. Considering the imperfection of Ukrainian legislation which denies the technology of energy service contracts, the authors offered recommendations concerning changes to some legislative acts. At the same time financial support of ESCOs' activity is really important for development of energy service market. In this research possible financial mechanisms of ESCOs' work were analyzed. There is a need to diversify sources of funding of energy saving measures that are adopted by specialized ESCOs by means of attracting funding from state and local budgets, creating conditions for attracting resources of international financial organizations and private investors to develop real ESCO market in Ukraine. Conclusion and directions of further researches. Thus, at the modern stage of development of domestic economy energy service activity should become one of strategic goals of long-term strategy of growth, which will decrease the dependence of Ukraine from countries that export oil and gas, ensure energetic and national safety, make the country more competitive, as well as provide good basis for sustainable economic and social development of the country as a whole. Further research should define peculiarities of creating regional resource saving agencies in the regions of Ukraine, which should be based on the principles of functioning of energy service companies and improve methodological basis for economic assessment of potential resource saving projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Identification of problems associated with inefficient energy use in educational institutions and analysis of methods for increasing levels of energy efficiency at Ukrainian HEIs. Methodology. Method of analysis is used for comparative analysis of the information field of the university and its competitors and identification of strengths and weaknesses of the HEI information policy. Findings. The study revealed main causes of excessive energy expenditures in public sector and ways of solving issues related to inefficient energy use in educational institutions. We performed analysis of existing evaluation methods of energy efficiency, energy audits of buildings, development and implementation of effective programs for energy efficiency increase. Originality. We studied energy efficiency benchmarking as one of the instruments to support and continuously improve performance in energy saving of universities. Practical value. A coefficient of energy efficiency (KEE) for comparison of facilities` energy efficiency according to the methodology of energy efficiency benchmarking is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The energy security level increase at higher educational institutions by means of effective use of energy efficiency potential. Methods. The following general scientific methods were used: expert analysis (from the problems of effective use of the energy resources), analytical and system method (for guidelines detection for implementation of the energy efficiency potential), economic analysis and diagnostics (for grouping, generalization of the energy saving measures) Results. The opportunities for energy saving at higher educational institutions were examined, measures for implementation of the energy efficiency potential at higher educational institutions were proposed. Scientific novelty: The problems of energy saving were examined, the energy efficiency potential as a priority direction of the energy security level increase at higher educational institutions was defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Notation and analysis of energy efficiency criteria for subsequent budget buildings creating an information system to support decision-making on the initiation energy saving projects. Methodology. Used the well-known methods of analysis, synthesis, system integration to create in the future of information decision support system for implementation in energy efficiency projects. Findings. During the implementation of the following criteria identified energy efficiency as thermal imaging diagnostics and monitoring, which will allow the further formation of the factors influencing the energy efficiency of buildings in the budget. Originality. The character of the influence of television filming, as part of the budget monitoring systems express buildings. Practical value. According to the established laws of defined tasks thermal diagnostics and monitoring, as criteria for energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains the analysis of energy consumption volumes at iron-ore enterprises with the underground mining method. It is shown that the share of electric energy accounts for about 90 % of the total energy consumption. The amount of energy consumed for technological purposes, as well as its production cost has been increasing every year. Herewith, it is necessary to consider the fact that production cost variations of the produced iron ore have no obvious correlation. The ways of increasing the electric energy efficiency at mining enterprises are considered. Specific recommendations for improving the energy efficiency of the domestic underground iron-ore production are given. First of all, it is proposed assessing current potentials of specific production types that will allow optimizing the process of energy consumption by certain types of consumers. Special attention is paid to considering the peculiarities of mining enterprises. An integrated solution to improving the energy efficiency of domestic iron-ore enterprises also requires organizational measures, beginning with the introduction of an effective energy management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]