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A feedforward neural network based diagnostic model of oil-impregnated paper insulation of a current transformer has been developed. Its experimental validation as compared with a regression model has been performed.

The paper considers the optimal allocation issues of the allocated limited investment costs of a power company for the worn-out and damaged equipment replacement, taking into account the objectively existing limiting technical and economic factors. In particular, the main existing strategies for electrical equipment maintenance and repair used in the world practice are analysed. A fuzzy mathematical model for a comprehensive assessment of the electrical equipment units and groups importance degree in the allocating costs task for the worn and damaged equipment replacement has been developed. A mathematical model of options optimal selection for replacing the power company equipment based on integer programming in limited financial resources conditions is proposed. A technical condition comprehensive modelling of the power system subsystem electrical equipment and modes was carried out to determine the system risk index in case of emergency failures, planned and unplanned electrical equipment decommissioning, and the estimated distribution of power company investment costs for equipment replacement was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article diagnoses the prospects for the development of enterprises for the processing of solid household waste (SHW). It is specified that improving the quality of services provided by enterprises and the transition to European standards in the field of removal, utilization and processing of solid waste is a top priority, as Ukraine seeks to become a member of the EU in the future. It is noted that recycling is an important component of sustainable development and contributes to the creation of a more efficient and environmentally conscious economy for enterprises and the country. The most common types of solid waste recycling are presented, each of which is aimed at transforming a specific type of waste. The paper analyzes successful business cases that have already been implemented as a result of recycled solid waste and introduced into practice in other countries of the world. It is noted that some Ukrainian enterprises in collaboration with foreign partners have actively begun to implement similar cases. It is noted that a promising direction is the energy sector, which is currently also related to the processing of solid waste. It is noted that, even taking into account the active hostilities taking place on the territory of Ukraine, there are enterprises, organizations and institutions that are already actively working or just starting their business activities in the field of SHW processing. It is concluded that it is an important aspect, in particular, firstly, how the growing awareness of society about the problems of environmental pollution and the need to protect it creates a demand for environmentally friendly technologies and services, including waste recycling. Secondly, legislative and regulatory initiatives aimed at reducing waste and improving waste management create a favorable framework for the development of this sector. Thirdly, technological progress in the field of recycling makes it possible to create new products from waste and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Also, the development of this sector can stimulate investment and contribute to the creation of new jobs in the field of ecological economy. All this testifies to the potentially high investment attractiveness and prospects for the development of solid waste processing enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the issues of educational motivation, in particular the motivation to study biology in secondary and specialized public schools. The paper examines types of learning motivation: internal and external (Derbeniova, 2012), social motives to learn (Bozhovych, 2001), motivation as a personal trait (Leontiev, 2002). Issues with low involvement of high school students to take an external examination in biology were also in focus. Some scholars argue, that secondaryschools are mainly focused on maintaining external motivation in the form of tests, orders and requirements, which has a detrimental effect on internal motivation and leads to a gradual decrease in students' interest in learning (Makovetska, 2015), while specialised high school, in particular in the natural sciences, creates motivating learning environments, like innovative forms and methods of teaching, which build stronger student conscious motivation for learning and facilitate cognitive activity, which promotes the development of abilities and talents, needs and skills for self-improvement. future training (Moroz, 2006). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of student motivation to study biology in secondary school and in the lyceum of biological profile. The phenomenon of motivation and learning motivation of secondary school students and specialized medical education institutions by surveying high school students using the methods of O. Okuneva, L. Vasilieva and additional questions on motivation to study biology. According to the method by O. Okuneva, L. Vasilieva, the level of development of learning motivation, type of motivation and motivation indicator as an indicator of success and avoidance of failures were revealed, factors influencing student learning were analysed. It is established that all blocks of the motivational structure have higher scores among the respondents of the specialised institution of secondary education. The largest statistical difference was observed in students of the two institutions in block 2, the formation of the ability to set goals. Students of the profile institution have a higher individual focus on learning, better formed internal incentives, as well as greater self-confidence and independence from other members of the group, whichhelps to choose a future profession. As a result of the survey, organizational forms of education and types of tasks that should be used in the educational process in order to strengthen the learning motivation of high school students are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the stages and results of a pedagogical experiment on verifying effectiveness of pedagogical conditions for the development of physics and mathematics teachers’ self-educational competence in the system of in-service education. Diagnostics that were selected for each of the identified components of selfeducational competence of physics and mathematics teachers (motivation and person, cognitive and informative, organization and activity, evaluation and reflection) are described. Significant positive dynamics of development of self-educational competence of participants of experimental group on the basis of comparison of the data received at a formative stage of pedagogical experiment is proved [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Proceedings of Ostroh Academy National University Series, Economics is the property of National University of Ostroh Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biological Resources & Nature Management is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Endocrinology / Mìžnarodnij Endokrinologìčnij Žurnal is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article diagnoses the prospects for the development of enterprises for the processing of solid household waste (SHW). It is specified that improving the quality of services provided by enterprises and the transition to European standards in the field of removal, utilization and processing of solid waste is a top priority, as Ukraine seeks to become a member of the EU in the future. It is noted that recycling is an important component of sustainable development and contributes to the creation of a more efficient and environmentally conscious economy for enterprises and the country. The most common types of solid waste recycling are presented, each of which is aimed at transforming a specific type of waste. The paper analyzes successful business cases that have already been implemented as a result of recycled solid waste and introduced into practice in other countries of the world. It is noted that some Ukrainian enterprises in collaboration with foreign partners have actively begun to implement similar cases. It is noted that a promising direction is the energy sector, which is currently also related to the processing of solid waste. It is noted that, even taking into account the active hostilities taking place on the territory of Ukraine, there are enterprises, organizations and institutions that are already actively working or just starting their business activities in the field of SHW processing. It is concluded that it is an important aspect, in particular, firstly, how the growing awareness of society about the problems of environmental pollution and the need to protect it creates a demand for environmentally friendly technologies and services, including waste recycling. Secondly, legislative and regulatory initiatives aimed at reducing waste and improving waste management create a favorable framework for the development of this sector. Thirdly, technological progress in the field of recycling makes it possible to create new products from waste and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Also, the development of this sector can stimulate investment and contribute to the creation of new jobs in the field of ecological economy. All this testifies to the potentially high investment attractiveness and prospects for the development of solid waste processing enterprises.

Copyright of Medical Perspectives / Medičnì Perspektivi is the property of Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Problems of Economy is the property of Research Centre for Industrial Developmen Problems of Nas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the main methods and approaches to diagnosing the strategic capabilities of enterprises. On the basis of the carried out study, it is found that today three approaches to performing diagnostics of enterprises have become the most widely used. The choice of one or another of these approach depends on many factors (the purpose of diagnostics, information and analytical provision of the activities of enterprises, industry affiliation, etc.). The paper summarizes the characteristics of diagnostics as a process consisting of purpose, subject, object, tasks and methods. It is substantiated that the process of diagnostics should include the state of an economic entity for a certain period of time, as well as forecasting conditions that can affect both positively and negatively its development in the future. The main directions of diagnostics of strategic capabilities of enterprises are allocated. It is determined that there are various methods for diagnosing the state of development of enterprises, the basic ones would be statistical, economic-mathematical, and special methods. On the basis of the generalization of research on the available diagnostics of enterprise development, an algorithm has been formed, which would be expedient when carrying out diagnostics. The presented algorithm consists of three stages, each of them comprising tasks, the solution of which would foster the achievement of the maximum result of a particular research. It is proved that in order to obtain reliable and high-quality diagnostic results, it is important to form an array of data that would meet the requirements for information, have an appropriate time range, completeness of information on the issues of the phenomenon under study. It is substantiated that the correctness of the obtained results of diagnostics and the concluding diagnosis determines an effective establishment of the existing crisis phenomena, identifying the causes of their occurrence, and ways of eliminating them in the future. It is found that the strategic opportunities for the development of enterprise should be brought through the prism of implementation of individual strategies according to the certain directions, with the determination of the effectiveness of implementation of each of the strategies, which will allow to assess the most attractive vectors of development for the enterprise and to strengthen the weaker sides. Such a comprehensive assessment contributes to the establishment of the correct diagnosis, identification of strengths and weaknesses, interaction of influencing factors, which allows managers to develop effective managerial decisions on the strategic development of enterprises in the future.

In this paper, current state energy equipment of IPS Ukraine after missile attacks on the country's critical infrastructure is considered. The main principles for generating equipment reconstruction and modernization of the Ukraine power plants in the post-war period formulated. To restore generation equipment should be at fundamentally new level with the involvement of advanced achievements of global and internal electrical engineering is proposed. During the recon-struction of destroyed power units, it is necessary to use turbine generators with colored operational characteristics that take into account the nature of the machine load, the geographical location of the station, the presence of electrical connections, etc. Foremost (first priority) it is necessary to restore machines with full air-cooling, which have enhanced maneuverability (including asynchronous). The main advantages of turbogenerators with air-cooling are considered. Identified elements and components of the structure, the technical condition of which as a whole is a determining factor for ensuring their reliable operation. The principles of building automated systems for monitoring the state of the equipment (systems for monitoring the state of pressing the stator core and humidity of the refrigerant in the machine body) are considered. Ref. 6, fig. 3, table.

According to the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2021 for the management of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), it is necessary to take into account the iron level in the diagnosis of all patients with firstly diagnosed heart failure (HF). Also the practical recommendations indicate that the assessment of iron deficiency is also carried out in patients with already confirmed CHF, especially if the symptoms of HF persist against the background of optimal treatment of the underlying disease, which necessitates knowledge of the diagnosis of anemia and iron deficiency in patients with CHF. The aim was review literature illustrating current data about diagnostics of iron deficiency and anemia in patients with CHF. In the work 28 sources from the Web of Science database and 7 sources from the PubMed database were analyzed. Anemia is diagnosed by hemoglobin levels. As criteria for iron deficiency, two parameters are used in clinical practice – ferritin level and transferrin saturation. The mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes and the mean hemoglobin content in them were not reliable markers of iron deficiency and are not recommended for assessing iron deficiency in patients with HF. Depletion of iron stores in the bone marrow is a highly specific for iron deficiency, as it is not affected by inflammation and therefore the test for iron stores in the bone marrow is the gold standard for diagnosis, however its use in clinical practice is limited due to invasiveness and high cost. Diagnostic markers such as levels of hepsidin, dissolved transferrin receptor and ferritin index have low availability in laboratories. Since timely diagnosis followed by treatment of anemia and iron deficiency in patients with CHF impoves the quality of life of patients, therefore, increasing the diagnostic value of tests to identify iron deficiency remains a question for active research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Financial & Credit Activity: Problems of Theory & Practice is the property of University of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to identify the interconnection between the risks of failure of axle boxes of freight cars and the success of performing a complex task of maintenance and repair. To do this, one should identify the sequence of calculating the values of successful completion of the complex task of maintenance and repair of freight cars, make practical calculations using the example of car repair companies of Prydniprovska Railway regional branch and identify the dependencies of failure risks of the freight cars and the process of successful completion of the task. Methodology. The paper constructs the interconnections of the probabilities of performing and not performing a complex task of maintenance and repair of freight cars. In addition, the calculation sequence of static probability estimates of successful performing and not performing of the set task, static estimates of the average deviation time and the main time of successful performing, as well as its intensity is presented. Findings. The obtained statistical data of the effective implementation of the complex task of maintenance and repair of freight cars at Prydniprovska Railway regional branch and the results of their empirical distribution throughout a period of 90 days, showed that the sample average is 24.1078 cars, the sample variance is 3.28 cars, the value of the standard deviation is 1.81 cars, and the coefficient of variation is 0.075 cars. The influence of diagnostics on the failure risks of axle boxes of freight cars during operation after fulfilling the task of maintenance and repair is also established. Originality. Based on statistical processing of experimental data, for the first time an empirical distribution of statistical data of successful completion of a complex task of maintenance and repair of freight cars was performed, which allows calculating the reliability indicators of axle boxes after maintenance and repair of freight cars. For the first time, the dependence of axle boxes diagnostics on the risk of failure of performing the task of maintenance and repair of freight cars is received, which will allow reducing the risk of failure if the task is successfully completed. Practical value. The use of diagnostics of axle boxes of freight cars during maintenance and repair can reduce the risk of failure by 2… 4.5 times.

Cytomegalovirus is one of the most widespread DNA viruses, with 90% of women of childbearing age in Poland infected with it. Infection poses a risk to the mother as well as the fetus, as the virus can cross the placenta and damage the fetus. The purpose of this paper is to review scientific publications from 2017-2022, which describe the course of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women, the risks to the mother and fetus associated with the infection, methods of diagnosing the infection in the pregnant woman and the fetus, as well as treatment of cytomegalovirus infection and directions for vaccine research. The most common complications of congenital cytomegalovirus infection include hearing loss, mental developmental delays and miscarriage. The infection can be detected in the pregnant woman by immunological testing, while polymerase chain reaction is used in the fetus and newborn. Early detection of infection in a pregnant woman allows the implementation of treatment which includes ganciclovir, valganciclovir, acyclovir and valacyclovir. A vaccine against cytomegalovirus has not been developed. Particularly important in the prevention of infection is to conduct educational activities regarding the routes of transmission of the virus and the consequences of congenital infection for the fetus. Cytomegalovirus infections among pregnant women. It is important to monitor fetal development and possibly diagnose for congenital CMV infection in case of abnormalities, and the best diagnostic method is polymerase chain reaction testing. For the treatment of congenital CMV infection, acyclovir and valacyclovir are preferred, and therapy should be implemented for specific indications. Attention should be paid to educating women about infections caused by cytomegalovirus.

The review collects and analyzes the latest publications related to mobile acoustic corrosion testing of underground pipelines without their decommissioning. The review is caused by the need to conduct inexpensive and mass corrosion monitoring due to the significant wear of underground pipelines. Publications are devoted to passive and active remote acoustic methods. Attention is focused on the advantages and limitations of the physical phenomena used, on the features of diagnostic technologies and on practical application. The review may be useful to researchers in the field of non-destructive testing, developers of diagnostic equipment and technologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the first detailed summary of the current state of mice of the genus Mus in the Crimea, namely of the house mouse (Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758) and steppe mouse (Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882). Morphological structures of the house mouse and steppe mouse are characterized and external and craniometrical features important for species diagnostics are presented. Most of the morphological characters tend to vary within the entire geographic range of both species. Body length of house mice is significantly greater compared to that of steppe mice. Tail length in house mice is greater than in steppe mice, but the tail index is greater in the latter. Therefore, house mice look more ‘short-tailed’, and this feature can be used as an additional diagnostic character. In steppe mice, the tail becomes thinner gradually from base to tip and thus it is awl-shaped. The tail of fit house mice, especially of autumn-winter generations, often has a thickened base, which increases the visual effect of a short tail. Among internal characters, the most significant are the differences between testicles size of mature males. For species diagnostics of mice of the genus Mus, the size and shape of the following cranial structures can be used: location of the root and frontal wall of the crown of the first upper molar (M1) in relation to the diastema; zygomatic process of the maxilla and zygomatic arch; palatine foramens foramina palatinum, and others. These are reliable characters for morphological identification of M. musculus and M. spicilegus in the territory of the Crimea, in the zone of their sympatry. Reliable diagnostic characters are the dimensions of palatine foramens. In general, the entire complex of characters analysed in this study should be used for correct morphological diagnostics of these species. Features of distribution and population dynamics of the house mouse and steppe mouse in the Crimea are studied. It has been revealed that both the house mouse and the steppe mouse are distributed mainly in the lowland part of the Crimea and the forest-steppe belt of the foothills. Data on the ecology of species are presented, including specifics of reproduction and habitat preferences. The place and role of house mice in small-mammal assemblages of various landscape and ecological zones are estimated.

This scientific paper presents, in a concise and systematic way, new results for traditional laser polarization introspection methods of investigating the polycrystalline architectonics of phase-inhomogeneous polymer layers, which, in addition to linear and circular birefringence, also possess optically anisotropic absorption. Such optically anisotropic mechanisms include linear and circular dichroism. The presence of such mechanisms results in phase shifts between orthogonally (linearly and circularly) polarized components of complex laser emission amplitudes. This results in diagnostic ambiguity in the differentiation of polarization manifestations of birefringence and dichroism mechanisms. We propose a new algorithm for differential Mueller matrix reconstruction of linear and circular dichroism parameters by analytical decomposition of the Mueller polarization matrix in the basis of polarization (1st order differential matrix) and depolarization (2nd order differential matrix) components. This work is aimed at generalization of laser polarimetry methods to the case of partially depolarizable optically anisotropic methyl acrylate layers. A method of experimental determination of the specified partial matrix operators and a statistical evaluation of reconstructed coordinate distributions of random values of amplitude anisotropy parameters have been developed. On this theoretical-experimental basis the method of differential mapping of Mueller matrix for reproduction of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism parameter distributions of partially depolarized methyl acrylate layers has been proposed and experimentally proved. Within the framework of the statistical approach the most sensitive diagnostic parameters are determined - the statistical moments of higher pore moments, which characterize the asymmetry and excess of the Mueller matrix coordinate distributions of the linear and circular dichroism parameter distributions.

The paper presents the results of diagnosis and treatment of patients with liver abscesses. In the surgery of Dnipropetrovsk Regional Hospital named after І.І. Mechnikov 183 patients diagnosed with liver abscess aged 18 to 81 years were treated. In 118 (64.5%) patients the period from the first complaints to the diagnosis was up to 1 month, in 48 (26,2%)from 1 to 3 months,in 15 (8,2%)from 3 to 6 months, in 2 (1.1%) from 6 to 12.To diagnose abscesses of the liver ultrasound of abdominal cavity, computer tomography, laparoscopy were used. Treatment of liver abscesses included both conservative therapy and surgical intervention. Only 14 (7.6%) patients received conservative treatment. Surgical treatment included minimally invasive interventions under U.S. control, laparoscopic, open drainage and resection techniques. The method of choice of surgical treatment for patients with uncomplicated liver abscesses with a diameter of 3 cm or more was echocontrolled peritoneal pelvic drainage, performed in 146 (79.8%) patients. Complications of surgical treatment were found in 15 (8.2%) cases: drainage dislocation –in 12 (6.6%) patients, purulent fistula – in 1 (0.5%), intestinal obstruction – in 1 (0.5%), peritonitis –in 1 (0.5%).

Currently, the higher medical education should reflect a practical sphere of public health care as well as improvement of the quality of education of future doctors. Doctor’s activities involve almost all spheres of human life; therefore, the problem of training a highly skilled expert is urgent in the sphere of public health as doctors should have high professional and ethical expertise for more effective functioning of medicine. The research was conducted in the 2016/17 academic year at the Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University among 286 third-year and fourth-year students: 140 students of the experimental group (EG) and 146 students of the control group (CG). 24 experts (specialists in medicine) took part in the ascertaining phase of the pedagogical experiment. The special study course “Professionally important qualities of future doctors” in the EG was carried out in the form of experimental teaching while in the CG the traditional methods of teaching were used. The comparison of the results of students’ professional qualities evaluation obtained before and after the experiment allows us to state that there is a substantial increase in professionally important qualities of the EG students compared to the CG students. This paper mainly presents the idea that professional (ability to apply knowledge into practice, ability to work with a specialised literature, ability to remember a large amount of information, knowledge and use of foreign language in professional activity, adequate professional self-assessment, desire for improvement) and volitional (responsibility for the life and health of a patient, fast reaction and ability to take decisions, resistance to psychical and emotional stresses, restraint and persistence, self-control) qualities are the most important professional qualities of future doctors. Therefore, moral (attentiveness, decency, honesty, mercifulness, altruism) and social qualities (responsibility, communicative skills, tolerance, ability to build trust) are less significant for future doctors. The experimental testing of the level of professional qualities development of medical students has proved that future doctors should interpret theoretical knowledge into practical activities, constantly improving it by working with expert literature, should be able to control their emotions and react quickly in critical situations.

The article presents the author's vision of definitions of threat, risk, danger and decentralization. The three most important blocks of the internal structure of the economic security of the region are revealed, the ways in which the economic security of the region is manifested, which must be ensured by a set of economic, environmental, legal, geopolitical and other conditions. The components of economic security at the regional level, as well as the range of threats, identification of which will reduce their negative impact are identified. According to the definition of threat, their classification by species is defined. Systematization of risks and threats to the economic security of regions in the context of decentralization is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the questions of diagnostics of diabetes mellitus (DM) and early violations of carbohydrate metabolism. Venous plasma was underlined to be the only commonly accepted standard for blood glucose determination for prediabetes and diabetes mellitus diagnosis. In the third world countries (including Ukraine) peripheral (capillary) plasma of blood can be used for self-control and diagnostics of prediabetes and DM as their fasting values correspond to those of venous plasma and do not require revaluation. While using portable glucometers for carbohydrate violations diagnostics postprandial glucose value and after meal should be estimated in conversion. Normoglycemia is glucose concentration in venous plasma from 3.9 mmol/l (ADA criteria) to 6.0 mmol/l (WHO criteria).

This article analyzes the statements of Maastricht consensus-5 on H. pylori infection studying. There was shown the changes in approaches to diagnostics and treatment of H. pylori infection in previous Maastricht consensuses. H. pylori associated gastritis was considered to be an infection disease. There was also analyzed the relation between this infection and gatroduodenal pathology including functional dyspepsia, NSAID-gastropathy and others. The paper deals with up-to-date approaches to diagnostics of H. pylori infection with determination of the most optimal diagnostic method in different situations. The approaches to antihelicobacter therapy were analyzed. The special attention was paid to dependence of modern therapeutic schemes of helicobacteriosis therapy on H. pylori resistance to key antibiotics. There was confirmed the importance of H. pylori eradication for prevention of precancerous changes in the stomach. The increased interest of researchers to non-helicobacter flora in the stomach was shown. There was regarded an important role of probiotics in antihelicobacter therapy.

The issues of the most frequent mistakes and difficulties in the early gout diagnosis and further patient management are discussed in the article. It is known that the diagnosis of gout is made in the first year of the disease only in 1/4 ca­ses, on the average 7–8 years pass until the disease is revealed. Only in one out of 4–5 cases gout is correctly verified in early stages. The reasons of the late diagnostics are the features of the course of gout with periods of absence of a symptom (intermittent gout), diagnostic errors at the first patient encounter, early conduction of X-ray examination without revealing the typical signs of the disease, the lack of joint puncture and verification of uric acid crystals in the synovial fluid. Ano­ther cause of diagnostic errors is the determination of the level of uric acid in the blood serum during acute attack. Late diagnosis of gout leads to a series of further diagnostic and tactical mistakes. First of all, this includes the prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids without the correct diagnosis. Current recommendations for the management of patients with gout emphasize that the use of glucocorticoids to treat gout is possible only for short cour­ses, their long-term use is not allowed due to the high risk of side effects in this group of patients, who often have comorbidities. Another tactical error is the prescription of urate-lowering drugs in the period of acute arthritis without dose titration and without prescription of anti-inflammatory therapy. The paper presents a clinical case of the late diagnosis of gout involving inefficient treatment with the long-term use of glucocorticoids and absence of administration of urate-lowering drugs resulting in serious side effects — development of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. A detailed analysis of the clinical errors is conducted; recommendations on the rational tactics in this case are presented.

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (Frantz's tumor) is a very rare disease with uncertain malignant potential. This tumor occurs in young women at the age before 35 years. Asymptomatic disease course leads to growth of tumor up to the huge size. Surgery is the only treatment method applied. Histological diagnostic is complicated with similarity of tumor with neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas. Disease is characterized with favorable prognosis. Paper shows our own clinical observation of Frantz’s tumor. During control ultrasound examination of woman aged 34 years, echo-signs of mass lesion in extraperitoneal area near the lower pole of the left kidney were diagnosed. During physical examination in the left hypochondrium a soft, atropic mass lesion 5.5x5 cm in size was diagnosed. Lesion presence is confirmed by CT assessment. Distal resection of the pancreas and splenectomy was performed. Diagnosis was verified histologically and immunohistochemically. Postoperative period is complications free. The results of CT assessment, detailed description of gross specimen and the results of histological and immunohistochemical examination are presented.

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (Frantz's tumor) is a very rare disease with uncertain malignant potential. This tumor occurs in young women at the age before 35 years. Asymptomatic disease course leads to growth of tumor up to the huge size. Surgery is the only treatment method applied. Histological diagnostic is complicated with similarity of tumor with neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas. Disease is characterized with favorable prognosis. Paper shows our own clinical observation of Frantz’s tumor. During control ultrasound examination of woman aged 34 years, echo-signs of mass lesion in extraperitoneal area near the lower pole of the left kidney were diagnosed. During physical examination in the left hypochondrium a soft, atropic mass lesion 5.5x5 cm in size was diagnosed. Lesion presence is confirmed by CT assessment. Distal resection of the pancreas and splenectomy was performed. Diagnosis was verified histologically and immunohistochemically. Postoperative period is complications free. The results of CT assessment, detailed description of gross specimen and the results of histological and immunohistochemical examination are presented.

The paper evaluated the treatment of giardiasis using modern drugs. The regimen of the treatment and prevention simultaneously with albendazole and ornidazole is recommended, simultaneous treatment of contact invasions (enterobiasis and giardiasis) is proved.

Diagnostics of enterprise bankruptcy occurrence probability is defined as an important tool ensuring the viability of an organization under conditions of unpredictable dynamic environment. The paper aims to define the basic features of diagnostics of bankruptcy occurrence probability models and their classification. The article grounds the objective increasing of crisis probability in modern enterprises where such increasing leads to the need to improve the efficiency of anti-crisis enterprise activities. The system of anti-crisis management is based on the subsystem of diagnostics of bankruptcy occurrence probability. Such a subsystem is the main one for further measures to prevent and overcome the crisis. The classification of existing models of enterprise bankruptcy occurrence probability has been suggested. The classification is based on methodical and methodological principles of models. The following main groups of models are determined: the models using financial ratios, aggregates and scores, the models of discriminated analysis, the methods of strategic analysis, informal models, artificial intelligence systems and the combination of the models. The classification made it possible to identify the analytical capabilities of each of the groups of models suggested.

Tonkoglas A. A., Sykal N. A., Sykal I. N., Kolesnik V. P., Sivozhelezov A. V. The influence of testing algorithm for the tactics of surgical intervention in the breast cysts. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(11):680-684. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.212980 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4089 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.11.2016. Revised 22.11.2016. Accepted: 30.11.2016. The influence of testing algorithm for the tactics of surgical intervention in the breast cysts A. A. Tonkoglas, N. A. Sykal, I. N. Sykal, V. P. Kolesnik, A. V. Sivozhelezov Kharkiv National Medical University surgerydepartment №2 Abstract 112 women investigation with cystic forms of mastopathyis performed. It is revealed, that ultrasonic investigations is a highly effective method of mastopathy diagnostics. Ultrasonic diagnostic criteria at suspicion on malignizationagainst the background fibrous-cystic mastopathyare established. The differential order is definedduring pathological conditions, the diagnostic algorithm is developed. Sensitivity of ultrasonic investigation at mastopathyhas made 90,0±2,6 %. Keywords: cancer of breast, mastopathy, diagnostics, ultrasonography, mammography.

Copyright of Medical Perspectives / Medičnì Perspektivi is the property of Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the effects of the ionizing radiation on the cell is the emergence of genetic mutations which may lead to cancer development. The patients' exposure dose during diagnostics of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by means of ordinary CT amounts to 5 mGy (5 mSv) and it can rise up to 50 mGy (5mSV) in the setting of multiphase scan. Until recent times, the evaluation of a risk for the cancer development caused by such relatively small doses of radiation exposure has been considered unnecessary. Nowadays, the influence of ionizing radiation during diagnostic pro$ cedures has been proved to increase the risk of cancer development significantly. The multiphase CT, routinely used in RCC diagnostics, results in 1 case of radiation$induced cancer per 250 (180-370) scans in female and per 330 (240-490) scans in male individuals. There is a proved association between CN scans in dose > 7,5 mSv and patients' DNA damage. Thus, one of the ways to avoid radiation exposure of the patients with RCC is wider appli$ cation of MRI and X$ray tubes of decreased voltage, however, further investigations in this field are still required. Key words: ionizing radiation, diagnostics, renal$cell carcinoma, harmfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sowa Magdalena, Smuczyński Wojciech, Senterkiewicz Lilla, Kowalska Krystyna, Ciechanowska Katarzyna, Głowacka Iwona. Ciąża ektopowa – czynniki ryzyka, diagnostyka i leczenie = Ectopic pregnancy – risk factors, diagnostics and treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(11):311-320. ISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34067 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2811%29%3A311-320 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/670783 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.09.2015. Revised 25.10.2015. Accepted: 20.11.2015. Ciąża ektopowa – czynniki ryzyka, diagnostyka i leczenie Ectopic pregnancy – risk factors, diagnostics and treatment Magdalena Sowa1, Wojciech Smuczyński1, Lilla Senterkiewicz2, Krystyna Kowalska3, Katarzyna Ciechanowska1, Iwona Głowacka4 1Katedra i Zakład Laseroterapii i Fizjoterapii, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy 2Katedra i Zakład Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy 3Zakład Neurotraumatologii, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy 4Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy Adres do korespondencji/ Address for correspondence: Magdalena Sowa Katedra i Zakład Laseroterapii i Fizjoterapii Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy ul. Techników 3 85 – 801 Bydgoszcz Streszczenie Wprowadzenie: Ciąża ektopowa stanowi poważny problem kliniczny, w którym dochodzi do zagnieżdżenia komórki jajowej poza jamą macicy. Częstość jej występowania w ostatnich latach wykazuje tendencję wzrostową. Każde ektopowe zagnieżdżenie jaja płodowego stanowi stan zagrożenia życia dla kobiety ciężarnej. Mimo, iż znane są czynniki ryzyka nieprawidłowej implantacji blastocysty, nie ma skutecznych sposobów zapobiegania ciążom pozamacicznym. Cel pracy: Celem pracy była analiza czynników ryzyka, diagnostyki oraz współczesnych metod leczenia ciąży ekotopowej. Metodyka: W celu przedstawienia problemu posłużono się metodą analizy piśmiennictwa dostępnego w internetowych, medycznych bazach danych. Podsumowanie: Na przełomie ostatnich lat nastąpił rozwój zaawansowanych metod diagnostycznych, co przyczyniło się do wcześniejszego wykrywania patologii oraz umożliwiło wdrożenie odpowiedniego leczenia, dostosowanego do możliwości terapeutycznych zakładu opieki zdrowotnej oraz dalszych planów rozrodczych pacjentki. Obecnie trwają prace nad poznaniem czynników genetycznych, sprzyjających ektopii jaja płodowego. Słowa kluczowe: ciąża ektopowa, diagnostyka, leczenie. Summary Ectopic pregnancy – risk factors, diagnostics and treatment Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a serious clinical problem, in which the egg cell is implanted outside the uterine cavity. Its incidence has been increasing in the last years. Each ectopic implantation of the ovum constitutes life-threatening condition for a pregnant woman. Although the risk factors of improper blastocyst implantation are known, there are no effective methods for preventing ectopic pregnancies. Objective: Aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors, diagnostics and contemporary methods of ectopic pregnancy treatment. Methodology: In order to present the problem, the analysis method of literature available in online, medical databases has been used. Summation: Within the last few years, the development of advanced diagnostic methods has occurred, which contributed to the earlier detection of pathology and enabled the implementation of appropriate treatment, adapted to the therapeutic possibilities of the healthcare facility and further reproductive plans of the patient. The works are currently in progress to recognize the genetic factors that conduce to ectopia of the ovum. Key words: ectopic pregnancy, diagnostics, treatment.

Karpenko Yuriy I., Garmazi Saber. Refractory arterial hypertension: clinical manifestations and controversies. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(11):238-244. ISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.33900 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2811%29%3A238-244 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/669685 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.09.2015. Revised 25.10.2015. Accepted: 10.11.2015. Refractory arterial hypertension: clinical manifestations and controversies Karpenko Yuriy I., Garmazi Saber Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine Abstract The study was aimed to assess the clinical manifestations in patients with refractory hypertension. There was demonstrated that refractory arterial hypertension is characterized with hyperactivation of sympathetic nervous system. Patients with RAH used 4,6 ± 0,2 medications to control the pressure. The most common combinations are the combination of blockers, ACE inhibitors and diuretics, ACE inhibitors and diuretics, and, ACC, more rarely, patients received a combination of ARB and a diuretic ACC. Every third patient in therapy included 4 or more antihypertensive drugs, that is, there was a polypharmacy. However the combination of used medications and their dosage regimen does not achieve significant clinical effect. Key words: arterial hypertension, medication resistance, diagnostics, monitoring.