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The effect of foreign trade on economic growth and development is one of the basics in the scientific literature. The countries' use of their production power on the basis of international trade contributes to economic growth periodically in different ways. Although it varies according to the countries, the manufacturing industry and sub-sectors have a significant impact on foreign trade figures. The relationship between the development achieved by the sectors in international trade and economic growth is important in terms of determining the leading sectors of development. In this study, it is aimed to examine the causality relationship between the growth in the Turkish economy and the foreign trade data of the paper and paper products industry. Export and import growth rates and GDP (economicgrowth) values of the paper and paper products industry are used and cover the 2002-2021 period. According to the results of the Granger causality test applied over the VAR model, there is a one-way causality relationship from exports to economic growth, from economic growth to import, and from export to import.

Copyright of Ankara Barosu Dergileri is the property of Ankara Bar Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: It was aimed to emphasize the relationship between domestic violence and suicides by evaluating the cases referred to prepare a report due to domestic violence, suicide attempt and homicide. Methods: From 2014, when Muğla Training and Research Hospital Forensic Medicine Polyclinic was established, until the end of 2022, cases who applied to our polyclinic due to suicide attempt and domestic violence were analyzed separately. The records of the cases who applied due to suicide attempt and those who applied for domestic violence before/after the attempt were evaluated. Results: In the 9-year period between 2014-2022, a total of 14.821 reports were prepared in Muğla Training and Research Hospital Forensic Medicine Polyclinic, and 1.099 (7.4%) of them were reported due to domestic violence. In 763 (69.4%) cases reported due to domestic violence, the perpetrator was the spouse/partner, and in the remaining cases, the violence came from other domestic individuals. 686 (89.9%) cases of spousal/partner violence and 180 (53.6%) of cases of nonspousal/partner domestic violence belong to women.631 (4.2%) of the reports were due to suicide attempt, and 402 (63.7%) of them belonged to women. It was determined that 17 of the female cases who attempted suicide were reported due to violence by spouse/partner before/after the attempt, and in 19 (4.7%) of them, including domestic violence in 2 cases, by spouse/partner and other domestic individuals. In men, the number of cases in this group is 5, and the rate is 2.2%. Only 1 of them is spousal violence and the others are domestic violence. According to results obtained, the rate of suicide attempt in cases of spousal/partner violence was 2.2%, while the rate of suicide attempt was 6.8% in cases diagnosed with mental disorder due to spousal/partner violence. Conclusion: It has been suggested that detailed evaluation of both suicide attempters and victims of domestic violence will contribute to the solution of both social problems.

In this study, we conducted a novel method by using a household type Microwave Owen (MW) under selected operational parameters (power and time) to treat wastewater from paper recycling under laboratory conditions. We seek to evaluate changes of the MW experimental parameters, comparatively. All measured pH values were found to be in very narrow range, between pH 7.10 (BII) and pH 7.53 (DIV), in slightly alkaline range (>7.0). However, the highest Electrical Conductivity (EC) difference was found to be 46 µS/cm. The 60 seconds MW irradiated samples at four power levels (90-, 180-, 270-, 360 Watts) showed higher ORP values than control (C1: 195 mV) while the highest ORP value of 213 mV was found with sample treated 360 W and 60 seconds (DIV). It is notable that sample DIV showed the highest pH, EC, ORP and TDS value. The control sample had turbidity value of 42.5 NTU. In all MW power levels and durations, turbidity removal was apparent which MW impact on turbidity. The lowest turbidity value of 22.2 NTU was found with sample DIV which was the highest rate of turbidity removal efficiency (DIV: 86.2%). The present study revealed that MW irradiation could be used to effectively reduce the selected physicochemical parameters that may assist in the description of wastewater quality.

In this study, the use of bast fibers removed hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) stalks in pulp and paper production and some physical and optical properties of the produced papers were investigated. The chemical components and fiber morphological properties of hemp stalks free of bast fibers were determined and their suitability for pulp and paper production was examined. The holocellulose, cellulose and lignin contents of the hemp stalks were 79.7%, 52.0% and 22.2%, respectively, while fiber length, fiber width and lumen diameter were 0.60 mm, 28.8 µm and 13.4 µm, respectively. In line with these data, pulp production was carried out by cooking the hemp stalks with the Kraft cooking method. The yield, kappa number and viscosity values of pulp obtained from hemp stalks were determined as 48.2%, 39 and 1400 cm3/g, respectively. The breaking length and brightness values of the papers produced from these pulps were measured as 6.87 km and 33.34% ISO, respectively. Consequently, high yield and strength pulps can be produced from hemp stalks free of bast fibers, and since it has a low kappa number and high viscosity, it can be easily bleached.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the chemical and morphological suitability of using pseudo-stem which are formed in large amounts during the fruit harvesting of the banana plant (Musa sapientum) with a widespread agricultural area in the world, as raw material in the paper industry. The main chemical constituents of banana pseudo-stem holocellulose, α-cellulose and lignin were determined as %77.5, %51.0 and %12.7, respectively. Hot water solubility was 17.3%, cold water solubility 13.0%, alcohol and 1% NaOH solubility values were 9.2% and 33.3%, respectively. It has been determined that banana pseudo-stem waste fibers, which are similar to softwood fibers in terms of fiber length and hardwood fibers in terms of fiber width, have high slenderness and flexibility ratios with low Runkel ratio, rigidity coefficient and Mühlstep ratio. The results obtained from chemical and morphological analyzes indicated that banana pseudo stem waste is a suitable raw material for pulp and paper production.

The integration of literature in English Language Teaching (ELT) has been a contentious issue although it is commonly accepted that literature caters to a whole bunch of opportunities for foreign language teaching. The aim of this study is to point to the idea that incorporating literature into ELT classes can direct foreign language classes into more innovative path as it fosters language development with both traditional and digitally-supported communicative activities designed to develop critical thinking abilities, creativity and learner autonomy. In this regard short stories, with their privileges due to their reader-friendly length, creativity in language use encompassing refined literary elements, and the wide range of subjects they deal with offer many opportunities. In this study to link the theory with real life experiences step by step, following the critical considerations about literature, language and meaning construction, text-selection and the methodology, possible applications based on the short story called The Paper Menagerie by Ken Liu are suggested. Activities encompassing all the phases of reading process are developed to help teachers to overcome potential difficulties in collaboration with their students while creating a classroom atmosphere based on negotiation. The article concludes that reflective teachers, starting to develop their own understanding of literature, language, meaning construction and reading, enable their learners to experience the authenticity and creativity of this valuable source when forming an identity as an independent reader of literature in the second language. Literature holds many opportunities to renovate language classrooms to keep up with the 21st century improvements.

Energy is an important in put for economic and industrial development and an indispensable production input for the continuation of the production process. In a very large part of economic and social life, electrical energy is widely used because of its easy usage and other advantages. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the production of paper and paper products and the gross national product, which is an indicator of economic growth, on the consumption of electricity by panel data analysis. For this purpose, a panel data set was established for 20 OECD countries between 2006 and 2016 from Eurostat and Wordbank. Cross-sectional dependence, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation assumptions were tested for the model and deviations from the assumptions were observed. Parameters were estimated using the Driscoll-Kraay estimators, which are resistant to these deviations. As a result of the analysis, it was found that an increase of 1% in the production of paper and paper products increased the electrical energy consumption by 0.22%, the increase of 1% in the per capita gross domestic product increased approximately 0.62% in electricity consumption.

Paper is a basic material derived from organic carbon used for writing and storing information. Books, letters, maps, and official documents are written on paper and enable the transfer of information from generation to generation. Archives and libraries provide an excellent food source for many microorganisms with their organic carbon sources and as a result, they cause biodeterioration. The rate of biodeterioration, on the other hand, depends not only on the composite properties of archival materials, but also on the environment in which they are foun In this study, which was carried out to contribute to active conservation practices, microbial samples were taken from the Department of Culture and Registration. These microbial samples belong to two works with archive numbers 756 and 759, located in the archive room of the Safranbolu collection in the central library within the Foundation Records Directorate. As a biocidal product, the active ingredients were 20% chlorhexidine digluconate, 15% polyhexanide, 3.9% lactic acid, 4.5% acetic acid and 70% ethyl alcohol, respectively. The effects of biocidal products on microorganisms were investigated by the disc diffusion method. Evaluation of the effectiveness on paper, which is important for conservation, was carried out with short and long-term aging tests, colour spectroscopy and SEM fibre degradation analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflation, which refers to the decrease in purchasing power, is one of the prominent problems of the global economy. This problem affects all contracts related to money. On the other hand, Islamic law's approach towards the prohibition of interest is closely associated with the contracts. Indeed, in contracts made with paper money, the legal status of the contract becomes controversial when there is a depreciation in the value of the money before the contract is fulfilled and the debt is paid. For example, some jurists, citing the fatwa of Abu Yūsuf (d. 182/798), one of the founding leaders of the Hanafi school, on the change in the value of fels used as coins in transactions, argue that in case of fluctuations in the value of paper money, payment should be made according to the value at the date of the contract. Meanwhile, others argue that Abu Yusuf's opinion does not extend to paper money. In this study, I will analyze these two approaches by applying the qualitative research method in social sciences. As part of the analysis of the subject, I will comprehensively present and evaluate the views and approaches that appear in the contemporary literature. Then, I will discuss Abu Yusuf's view regarding the cause and subject matter of the debt. Thus, I will highlight the position of this view in the Hanafi madhhab literature based on historical data. I will also show whether this approach is valid for today's paper money. The main argument of those who claim that Abu Yusuf's approach to fels includes paper money is that paper money, like fels, has a nominal value. This means that the depreciation that is taken into account in fels is also taken into account in paper money. Another argument is that the change in value that is taken into account in fels, which is used as coins in transactions, will be taken into account in paper money, which is used as the main currency today. On the other hand, those who do not accept this approach argue that fels cannot be considered qiyamī because it is semen, and Abu Yusuf's opinion is limited to fels used as coins in transactions. According to the available data, I consider the arguments of those who claim that Abu Yūsuf's opinion on fels does not extend to paper money as problematic. Because one of the reasons given by those who hold the latter view is that fels cannot be equated with today's paper money since it was a type of coin that completed the fractions of dirhams in transactions. For example, according to the well-known Egyptian historian al-Maqrizī (d. 845/1442), fels were used not only as coins but also as the main currency. Therefore, the fluctuations in the value of fels, which functioned as the main currency, should be evaluated within the framework of Abu Yūsuf’s view. In addition, some Hanafi jurists expanded upon Abu Yūsuf’s view. For example, Ibn Ābidīn (d. 1307/1889), one of the leading figures of the late Hanafi school, in his treatise on the issue, evaluated the debased dirhams (maghlūb al-ghāsh/ مغلوب الغش (in the category of fels. This shows that Abu Yūsuf's approach is also applicable to today’s paper money. Therefore, we can say that Abu Yūsuf’s view on fels is also applicable to today's paper money. This is because Abu Yūsuf, as stated by Ibn Ābidīn, claims that fels is not produced as money and therefore has a nominal value. As a result, according to Abu Yūsuf's opinion regarding the fluctuation in the value of paper money, it is understood that those who claim that payment should be carried out based on the value on the day of the contract have a more accurate attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Akdeniz Sanat is the property of Akdeniz University, Faculty of Fine Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main ingredient of paper production is cellulose fibers. Usually produced from wood fibers and annual plants. In this study it was investigated usability of waste rose pulps (Rosa Damascena Mill.) which have environmental risk in Isparta province as a source of cellulose for paper production. Oily rose flower grows only in Isparta and its vicinity and around 7000 tons of rose flowers are grown annually. After oil extraction, rose flowers lose their economic value and are left to rot as garbage. Rose pulp which is an herbal waste therefore contains cellulose. At the Scope of study, cellulose content of rose pulp was determined and paper pulp was obtained by applying soda-NaBH4 and chlorite methods. The obtained paper pulp was mixed with waste paper in different ratio and paper production was provided. Thus, rose wastes which evaluating as rubbish, was recycled and go into the production cycle.

Context: Scientific studies are often presented primarily to a group of colleagues at annual scientific meetings. All year rounds are turned into products in congresses. Aims: The aim of the study is to evaluate the extent of the hand surgery in plastic surgery and plastic surgeons' papers related with hand surgery in national congresses; the past eight plastic surgery congresses were classified and presented. Settings and Design: The abstract books of Turkish National Congresses of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery between 2011 and 2018 have been evaluated retrospectively. Subjects and Methods: Distribution of hand surgery according to the topics was evaluated according to the European White Book rules and standards. Distribution of oral and posters and distribution by years were shown. Results: The ratio of hand surgery reports to all reports was 17.3%. Hand and upper extremity surgery topics were presented at 19.7% in the 38th congress, which is the most hand surgery-included congress. The most frequently presented subjects were tumors, flaps, trauma, congenital anomalies, and replantation. Conclusions: Although there are arguments that plastic surgeons have disregarded hand surgery, there is no similar situation for Turkish plastic surgeons in the national platform. It has been found that the most common topics such as tumor excision and repair of the tissue defect were the most presented issues rather than arthroscopy, paralytic hand, and arthritis, which are specific to the hand surgery. Increasing the number of plastic surgery specialists who have been trained with hand surgery as a subspecialty will bring up the subjects that have not been presented in the hand surgery so far, in the future congresses.

The paper was discovered and spread to the world by the Chinese Civilization about 2000 years ago. Although electronic media is used instead of paper, the use of paper continues to be used for magazines, journals, essential documents, records, and books. Besides, the use of paper for various packages is quite high. The raw material of the paper consists mainly of wood. Hence, the use of waste paper as the raw material in the manufacture of paper is growing nowadays. As a consequence, the storage, transportation, and recycling of waste paper have become an issue of waste management. The amount of paper waste in universities, one of the public institutions, was investigated in this study. Waste papers collected from the Seyitler and City Campuses of Artvin Coruh University was tracked for one year. It was calculated from the study that a total of 2,179 kg of paper waste was obtained in one year. It was found that the monthly average per person was 0.045 kg and the annual average was 0.49 kg. It was observed that the papers were collected in a temporary storage area and given to scrap paper collectors at certain periods. This study is aimed to be a pioneering study of waste paper inventory studies to be carried out in public institutions aiming at zero waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the hazards and risks that may arise in the paper industry in terms of worker health and work safety are analyzed and precautions were mentioned in order to keep these hazards and risks at acceptable levels. It is intended to give an idea of how risk analysis is implemented in a sector related to forest products in practice, and to provide an example of further work in the field. Kahramanmaraş Paper Mill (KMK) belongs to Kahramanmaraş Paper Industry and Trade Joint Stock Company was chosen as application area. According to No. 6331 Occupational Health and Safety Act, measurements such as gas, temperature, relative humidity, vibration, light intensity, and noise considered important in work environments in terms of occupational health and safety and workers' safety were performed. Measurements were made in approximately 35 different sections of the mill. When obtained results from measurements were compared with the regulations, it was determined that there was no threat to occupational health and safety in terms of noise, temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, gas and vibration. Besides, temperature and relative humidity values were found to be suitable for the mill when assessed according to U.S. ASHRAE standards. It has been also determined that the hand-arm vibration values of the employees are within the desired range. Hydrogen sulfide gas was only encountered in the refining section while the oxygen level in the working fields was sufficient. Sulfur dioxide has not been detected in any sections of the mills. As a result of these assessments, it is concluded that KMK does not carry any risk in terms of occupational health and safety.

The paper presents the results of the next stage of a comprehensive study concerning Russian state-legal doctrines in the 19th and early 20th centuries, taken in the triune of the external form of their expression: in dissertations, in monographs and in scientific papers of the periodical legal press. The authors analyzed the content and results of publication of monographs and the most famous papers published by pre-revolutionary Russian political scientists on key aspects of the state (constitutional) law science. Data are presented on the main priority areas of research, poorly developed fields of public law science, the laws of genesis and evolution, respectively, of monographic and periodical state-legal doctrines. The methodology proposed for the identification, analysis and general theoretical evaluation of state-legal doctrines has every reason to be applied for obtaining comprehensive knowledge of other branch pre-revolutionary legal doctrines.

This study aims to determine the trends of the papers presented in Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology (MEEP) Congresses in Turkey. For that purpose, authors` title and where they work, the subjects, key words, research methods, sample size, data type and data collection tool of the papers presented in MEEP Congresses in 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014 were investigated. In the study, since describing how the trends in the papers presented orally in MEEP congresses and interpreting the existing situation are aimed, the case study which is one of the qualitative research designs was selected as a research design. Data analysis was done using document analysis. The subjects of the papers were generally centered on the following topics: “Scale Development and Implementation”, “statistics used in educational research”, “standardized tests, selection and placement tests, high-stakes tests”. However, “student selection and placement center’s implementations” and “ethics” are the subjects that were studied rarely. It is determined that the presented papers were generally in quantitative research methods, especially survey and descriptive research models were used. It is also determined that the most frequently used key words were reliability, validity and measurement and evaluation in these papers.

The aim of the study was to examine the cash flow profiles of the companies in the paper and paper products printing sector and to investigate whether the companies showed the characteristics of the business life cycle stages. For this purpose, the cash flow profiles were determined by examining the cash flow tables of the companies in the sector according to the cash flow patterns method, and whether they reflected the characteristics of the business life cycle stages of the companies was examined. In the study, it was seen that the majority of the companies were in the maturity stage. It was concluded that tangible fixed assets and asset growth were at the highest level at the growth stage while debt growth was at the highest level at the introduction stage. In addition, it was determined that earnings per share and net profit margin indicators were at the highest level in the maturity stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Megaron is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Generally bark has a negative effect pulp and paper properties. In this study, paper pulp and hand sheets were produced from Wild dogwood (Cornus australis L.) using Kraft method. The cooking have been different conditions, chip / solution ratio 1/5, cooking temperature 170±2 °C by taking constant. Kraft method with the Na2S/NaOH, 18/20, 18/15, 18/10, 18/5 performed. Samples were used with and without bark in order to identify the negative impacts of the bark on pulp and paper production. In addition, it has been investigated whether the time of reaching the maximum temperature of K2 cooking is reduced from 120 minutes to 90 minutes, and the time and energy saving can be made. For all of the mechanical properties that were measured and pulp yield, the bark had a negative effect. But, this effect had not significant on mechanical properties at 95% significant level. On the other hand the bark had a negative effect on brightness and positive effects on opacity. These effects had significant at 95% significant level.

In this study, in which the adsorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions with the carbonization product obtained from the carbonization of paper mill waste sludge at different temperatures for two hours, it was observed that the adsorption efficiency increased with the increase of the carbonization temperature. The adsorption efficiency of Cd(II) ions depends largely on the pH of the environment. By contacting the 100 mg/L solution of Cd(II) with the carbonization product at 300, 400 and 500 °C at a dose of 5 g/L for 240 min at pH 5.5, the current Cd(II) ions were 45.3%, 52.4% and 61% removed. These values increased to 56%, 65.3% and 73.4% when the initial concentration of Cd(II) ions was taken as 50 Mg/L. When the dose was applied as 20 g/L for the initial concentration of 100 mg/L, all of the existing Cd (II) ions (except the carbonization product at 300 °C) were adsorbed. The results obtained for each carbonization product were applied to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The cadmium adsorption kinetics were defined with a second order model and the cadmium adsorption isotherm was determined to fit the Langmuir model better. The applicability of the results to the isotherm equations and the changes in the value of the isotherm constants depending on the carbonization temperature were examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Librarianship / Turk Kutuphaneciligi is the property of Turk Kutuphaneciler Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the effects of potassium borohydride (KBH4) added to the cooking liquor (white liquor) in pulp and paper production from black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) woods on the chemical, physical and optical properties of the pulp were investigated. Soda (NaOH) method, which is one of the environmentally friendly cooking methods, was used in the pulp production from R. pseudoacacia woods. By adding 0, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7% KBH4 to the white liquor, four different cooking experiments were carried out. The yields, kappa numbers and viscosity values of the pulps were measured with the relevant standards. Test papers were produced from each pulp and their physical and optical properties were determined. With 0.7% KBH4 added to the cooking solution, the total yield and viscosity increased by 9.54% and 10.4%, respectively compared to KBH4-free pulp, while the kappa number decreased by 9.48%. As a result of statistical analysis, it has been observed that there is no significant difference between the physical and optical properties of the papers produced from KBH4-free and KBH4-added pulps. Consequently, it was concluded that adding KBH4 to the white liquor in the pulp production from R. pseudoacacia wood with soda method, positively affected the chemical properties of the pulps and did not have a significant effect on the physical and optical properties.

The author successfully highlighted wrong practices in Sukuk issuance, ownership, and tradability. Unfortunately, such wrong practices are backed by tricky fiqh justifications. The author discussed justifications (or so-called fatwas sometimes) and pointed out their loopholes.

Transfer of the designs to the surface of ceramic wall tiles is performed by ink-jet digital printing technology. CMYK ink colors are used in ink-jet printing technology. The similarities between hues for various color types make it difficult to come up with different designs. In this study, the development of a wall tile matte glaze recipe with high color activity, which can be worked with CMYK+Pink ink colors. Different recipes were developed by increasing the amount of calcite, dolomite, zinc oxide and magnesite ratios, respectively. Firstly, matt glaze recipes are prepared and employed on wall tile with engobe, followed by CMYK+Pink ink digital decor application. Succeeding the sintering of tiles, L,a,b color measurements of ink decorated glaze recipes were made, and it was determined that the value of 'a' increased from 15.35 to 22.18. The hue angle and chroma values of the recipies were calculated. No significant differences were observed in the color activities of the colors other than pink, and the desired pink color intensity was achieved with one of the new wall tile matte glaze recipes. It was observed that the pink color intensity increased with the increase in the amount of CaO in the content of the matte glaze recipe. The color activity of the pink color could is not obtained in the glaze recipe where the amount of ZnO increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Necmettin Erbakan University School of Law Review is the property of Necmettin Erbakan University School of Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Hand hygiene is one of the most effective infection control measures to prevent the spread of healthcare-associated infections (HCAI). Water, soap, paper towel and hand disinfectant must be available and adequate in terms of effective hand hygiene. The adequacy of hand hygiene products or keeping water-soap and paper towel is still a problem for many developing countries like Turkey. In this multicenter study, we analyzed the adequacy in number and availability of hand hygiene products. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in all intensive care units (ICUs) of 41 hospitals (27 tertiary-care educational, 10 state and four private hospitals) from 22 cities located in seven geographical regions of Turkey. We analyzed water, soap, paper towel and alcohol-based hand disinfectant adequacy on four different days, two of which were in summer during the vacation time (August, 27th and 31st 2016) and two in autumn (October, 12th and 15th 2016). Results: The total number of ICUs and intensive care beds in 41 participating centers were 214 and 2357, respectively. Overall, there was no soap in 3-11% of sinks and no paper towel in 10-18% of sinks while there was no alcohol-based hand disinfectant in 1-4.7% of hand disinfectant units on the observation days. When we compared the number of sinks with soap and/or paper towel on weekdays vs. weekends, there was no significant difference in summer. However, on autumn weekdays, the number of sinks with soap and paper towel was significantly lower on weekend days (p

Amaç – Payları Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören ve Orman, Kağıt ve Basım sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin 2014-2018 dönemi için finansal performanslarının tespit edilerek karşılaştırılmasıdır. Yöntem – İşletmelerin finansal performanslarını ölçmek için TOPSİS (Technique for Order Preference by Smililarity to İdeal Solution) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle işletmelerin mali tablolarından elde edilen finansal oranlar TOPSİS yöntemi için performans kriteri olarak belirlenmiş ve bu oranlar işletme bazında her yıl için bir performans puanına dönüştürülmüştür. Çalışmada işletme performansları belirlenirken TOPSİS’in adımlarından birisi olan ağırlıklandırma aşamasında iki farklı yöntem kullanılmak suretiyle bütün yıllar için iki ayrı değer sıralaması elde edilmiş ve bu sonuçlar karşılaştırılarak en iyi alternatifler ortaya konulmuştur. Bulgular – Oran yöntemiyle ağırlıkların belirlendiği analiz sonuçlarına göre 2014-2016 döneminde en iyi performans gösteren üç firma sıralamasının değişmediği, diğer yıllarda ise farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Eşit ağırlıklandırmalı sonuçlara göre ise 2014-2016 dönemi için sadece PRZMA firmasının ilk üçteki yerini koruduğu saptanmıştır. Tartışma – Analiz süreçlerine bakıldığında araştırmacının tercihinin elde edilecek sonuçları etkilediği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, oranlama yöntemine göre ağırlıklandırmada net kar marjı, aktiflerin karlılığı ve özsermaye karlılığı rasyolarının karar matrisindeki ağırlıklarının toplamı %13 olurken, eşit ağırlıklandırmada bu toplam %30’a çıkmaktadır. Bu ise ağırlıklandırılmış normalize karar matrisinin yapılan tercihe göre farklı değerlere sahip olması ile birlikte, performans puanlarının farklılaşması durumunu ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine and compare the financial performances of the companies whose shares are traded on Borsa Istanbul and operating in the Forest, Paper and Printing sectors for the period 2014-2018. Design/methodology/approach – To measure the financial performance of the companies, TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Smililarity to Ideal Solution) method was used. First of all, the financial ratios obtained from the financial statements of the companies were determined as the performance criterion for TOPSIS method and these ratios were turned into a performance score for each year on company basis. In the study, two different values were obtained for all years by using two different methods in the weighting stage, which is one of the steps of TOPSIS, in determining the company performances and these results were compared and the best alternatives were presented. Findings – According to the results of the analysis, where the weights were determined by the ratio method, it was found that the ranking of the three best performing companies did not change in the 2014-2016 period, but differed in the other years. According to the results of equal weighting, only PRZMA company maintained its place in the top three for 2014-2016 period. Discussion – When the analysis processes are examined, it is seen that the choices that the researcher will make at the remaining points affect the results to be obtained. When the analysis processes are analyzed, it is seen that the researcher's preference affects the results to be obtained. In this study, the weighting of net profit margin, asset profitability and return on equity ratios in the decision matrix by weighting according to the proportioning method is 13%, while this total reaches 30% in equal weighting. This causes the weighted normalized decision matrix to have different values according to the preference made, resulting in different performance scores.

The aim of this study is to introduce Theory of Semiotic Mediation, which is a theory regarding mathematics teaching, in Turkey and provide an example for its practice. After describing the main characteristics and concepts of the theory, semiotic potential of a sheet of paper, which was chosen as an artifact of Theory of Semiotic Mediation, was analyzed in paper folding activities in order to discuss the practice of the theory and also the signs were analyzed that occurred in the building and conceptual constructing of quadrilaterals with only one symmetry axe (isosceles trapezoid and rhombus). The study was a case study which was carried out with 35 students who were studying in 10th grade. The students were divided into groups of four and five. Only one groups’ activity was reported in this paper. The analysis of the semiotic potential of paper folding showed that it was an artifact that helps students to reconstruct concepts such symmetry and equality by means of coincide and crease and to think deeply on the characteristics of quadrilaterals like rectangle, square, trapezoid and etc. which students have already known. The paper has properties that can be used as an artifact of the Semiotic Mediation Theory. In order to be used the mentioned theory in classes, it was founded that teachers’ guidance role was quite essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, utilization of silica coated waste paper fibers as filler in high density polyethylene matrix were investigated. The effects of silica coating pigment in paper on physical, thermal and some mechanical properties of cellulose fiber-plastic composite were examined. The filler used in this study were uncoated cellulose, 6.68%, 12.38%, 18.21% and 24.32% mineral contented cellulose fibers. Each filler type was mixed with high density polyethylene (HDPE) at 40% by weight fiber loading. In this case, the ratio of SiO2-CaCO3 in plastic composites were calculated as 0%, 2.67%, 4.95%, 7.28% and 9.73% respectively. Water absorption and thickness swelling of fiber-plastic composites were significantly decreased with the silica and filler concentrations. With increased mineral content, thermal properties of fiber-plastic composites increased slightly. In addition, fibers and fiber-plastic composites were characterized with FTIR-ATR and SEM-EDS.

In this study, investigates recycling possibilities of office paper in archive form (stored for at least 5 years). These papers are mostly made by burning. This is to destroy tons of paper raw materials. These papers may be presented with a simple pulping or recycling with small fractionation. This will contribute greatly to the country's economy. The study will also look at the physical and optical properties of these papers. These papers are likely to lose fiber resistance and brightness due to the physical conditions (humidity, temperature) and the mushrooms and insects. In addition, loss of the shine and resistance of the fibers will come to the fore when the ink is removed from these papers. How much of these losses are in the study will be investigated. This will be done in conjunction with a number of applications to compensate for losses. With these operations, tons of waste paper raw materials will be obtained and new waste white office paper will be produced with the desired quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Collage is a primary artistic activity in preschool. Collage and paper art are very important to children in this period because art helps them to develop their reasoning, creative, imaginative, and problem solving skills. Doing art enhances their motor skills, hand and eye coordination, and helps them to make cognitive advances such as learning proportions. Moreover, as a form of art it enables children to express their feelings, thoughts and wishes freely with voices, drawings and movements. Material and Method: This study collected data by reviewing the literature on preschoolers and collage and paper art and considering current approaches to collage and paper art in preschool educational institutions in our country, in particular, as an important first step in learning how to read and write. Results: After collecting the data, recommendations were made for educators for using collage and paper art activities as a springboard to reading and writing readiness.

A4 paper is the most widely used paper type that is produced by using wood-free writing & printing paper with the least amount of wood in its structure. A4 size paper is produced by cutting large and long rolls in width and length directions. The construction of this machine is not made in Turkey. In this study, a prototype designed for a paper cutting machine is presented. For this prototype, step motors are used that can be set at different speeds and polyamide rollers are used to transfer the paper from one line to another without tearing. Some problems that is encountered for the designed paper cutting machine are discussed and some analyses are made to solve these problems. It has been found that the misalignment of the shaft axes during the transfer of the paper and the not suitable construction of the shafts causes the non-uniform cutting of the paper. It is also observed that the speed of the motor must the paper adjusted at an appropriate rate, to avoid the stretch and break of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu araştırmanın amacı, turizmde coğrafi işaretli ürünler alanında yazılmış bildirilerin bibliyometrik olarak incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın evrenini, Türkiye’de 2013-2017 yılları arasında düzenlenmiş turizm kongrelerinde sözlü olarak sunulan tam metin bildiriler oluşturmaktadır. Nitel olarak tasarlanan araştırmada verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel analiz yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Araştırma ile beş yıllık dönemde 26 farklı turizm kongresinin altısında coğrafi işaretler temalı yalnızca dokuz bildiri tespit edilmiş, bu bildirilerin ortaya konmasında 18 farklı yazarın katkı sunduğu belirlenmiştir. Kongrelere en çok bildiri ve yazar ile katkı sağlayan üniversitenin Mersin Üniversitesi olduğu; bildirilerin %55,6’sının iki yazar tarafından ortak olarak gerçekleştirildiği; %22,2’sinin en az iki farklı üniversitede çalışan yazarlar tarafından üniversiteler arası akademik araştırma olarak tamamlandığı belirlenmiştir. Bildirilerin tamamının “Sürdürülebilirlik” teması altında “Bölgesel Turizm Kalkınmasında Coğrafi ve Yerel İşaretlemenin Rolü” konusunda yazıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Veri toplama yöntemi açısından bildirilerde nitel araştırma yöntemi (%77,8) ile literatür tarama tekniğinin ağırlıklı olarak kullanıldığı; yaklaşım bakımından %44,4’lük eş oranda hem keşifsel hem de betimsel olarak tasarlandığı; alan araştırması olması yönünden yarısından fazlasının (%55,6) uygulamalı olarak gerçekleştirildiği; veri analizinde ise %92,3 betimsel ve %7,7 ilişkisel istatistikler kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. The aim of the research is investigate bibliometrically proceedings written in the field of geographical indications in tourism. The research population consists of full text papers that are presented in tourism congress between the years of 2013-2017 in Turkey. In this qualitatively designed research, descriptive analysis has been adopted for the accessed data. Nine papers on geographical indications themes were found in 26 different tourism congresses in five years’ period and it was determined 18 different authors contributed to the presentation of them. The results show that Mersin University has contributed most to the congresses in terms of the number of authors and papers; 55.6% of them were made cooperatively by two authors; 22.2% of papers have been completed as academic research between universities by authors working in at least two different universities. It has been found that the all of the papers were written on the subject of the “Role of Geographical Marking in Regional Tourism Development” and under the theme of “Sustainability”. In terms of data collection method, qualitative research method (77,8%) and literature review are mainly used; in terms of approach the both of 44,4% are explorative or descriptively designed; more than half (55,6%) of the papers written as in the field research; and in terms of data analysis, it was determined that 92.3% descriptive and 7.7% relational statistics were used for papers.

16. yüzyıl şairlerinden Taşlıcalı Yahya Bey’in mesnevilerinden biri olan Şâh u Gedâ’nın Amasya II. Bayezid İl Halk Kütüphanesi 2067’de kayıtlı olan nüshasının farklı teknik kullanılarak yapılmış sayfa süslemeleri ile çağdaşı olduğu düşünülen bazı eserlerin süslemeleri arasında görülen benzerlikler bu çalışmanın çıkış noktası olmuştur. Şâh u Gedâ’nın natüralist üslûptaki çiçekleri dönemin süsleme modasını belirlemiş olan Karamemi üslûbunu akla getirmekle birlikte kalıpla boyama yoluyla elde edilmiş olmaları, dönemin teknikte seri arayışları olarak görülebilir. Bu arayışın nedenlerinden biri de 16. yüzyıl İstanbul’unun belirli semtlerinde oluşmuş olan kitap pazarlarına rağbet ederek bu pazarları canlı kılan yabancıların taleplerini karşılamadaki kaygılar olmalıdır. Bu durum 16. yüzyıldan itibaren İstanbul’dan Avrupa’ya taşınan ve benzer teknikle yapıldıkları düşünülen albümlerden de anlaşılır. Konusu İstanbul’da geçen bir aşk öyküsü olan Şâh u Gedâ’nın sayfa yüzeylerinde hafif renkler kullanılarak boyanmış çiçeklerine ve araya serpiştirilmiş hayvan figürlerine ilham kaynağı önerisi ise dönemin İstanbul’unun popüler mekânlarından olan çiçek bahçeleri ve buralarda yetiştirilen çiçeklerdir. / The study originates from the similarities found in the page ornamentations, made with a different method, of copy of Şâh u Gedâ, one of the mathnawis of Taşlıcalı Yahya, a poet of 16th century registered in Amasya IInd Bayezid Provincial Public Library inventory no 2067 and the ornamentations in some works of arts thought to have been created within the same century. Şâh u Gedâ’s naturalist style flowers are reminiscent of the Karamemi style, the reference point for ornamentations of the era and are of a similar understanding and environment associated with the ornamentations included in Muhibbî Divanı (Topkapı Palace Museum Library: R.738 m.), dated 1565 and associated with Karamemi school. The fact that they are obtained through mould dressing method can be regarded as serial queries in technique. One of the reasons for this quest is the concerns in meeting the demands of foreigners crowding book markets emerging in certain localities of Istanbul of 16th century thus facilitating commercial activities in those markets. This can be seen in the albums thought to have been created with similar methods and having moved to Europe from Istanbul since 16th century. The inspiration for the flowers on the pages of Şâh u Gedâ, which is a love story taking place in Istanbul, originates from the flower gardens, a popular venue in Istanbul of the era, and the flowers raised there, the style is associated with flowers painted with mild colors and animal figures dispersed among them.

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Copyright of Bulletin of Legal Medicine / Adli Tıp Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of study was to determine some properties of tissue papers and identify the position in Turkey. Napkins, toilet papers and paper towels used in this study were supplied from 5 different companies. Physical and optical properties of these papers were investigated and compared them to each other. Grammage, moisture content, crepe, bulk, density, tensile strength, thickness, water retention value and water absorption time were determined as physical properties and brightness and whiteness values were measured as optical properties. According to obtained results, the best results in physical and optical properties of napkins, toilet papers and paper towels belong to C, E and A Company, respectively.