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Aim:Sustained release of inflammatory mediators, excessive inflammatory response and impaired intestinal epithelial restitution are well-known mechanisms in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. This study focused on the effect of resveratrol on these pathways.Materials and Methods:In this study, the rat crypt intestinal cell line (IEC-6) culture, an application of lipopolysaccharide or a cytokine mixture and a scratch migration assay model were used. Nitric oxide synthase-2 (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its phosphorylated form (pFAK) levels were assessed.Results:IEC-6 cells covered 88% of the denuded area in the control, 54% in LPS, and 35% in cytomix groups at the 24th hour. The treatment with resveratrol at doses of 0.5, 1 and 5 μM/L before LPS resulted in the repair of 84%, 87% and 76% of the denuded areas, respectively. Likewise, with cytomix, it was 86%, 82%, and 78%. Resveratrol at a dose of 5 μM/L prevented an increase in iNOS levels. All three doses of resveratrol were effective in preventing increases in COX levels. FAK or pFAK expressions remained unchanged in all groups.Conclusion:Resveratrol, being known for its antioxidant features, suppresses excessive inflammatory response and helps preservation of mucosal integrity by conservation of epithelial restitution.

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Van Tip Dergisi is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Van Tip Dergisi is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease characterized by intestinal necrosis in premature infants, resulting in severe morbidity and mortality. Its exact pathogenesis has not been elucidated, except for prematurity. The relationship between blood groups and some diseases are instituted in adult studies. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between blood groups and development of NEC in very low birth weight (VLBW) prematureinfants. Material and Methods The present study was performed in the 3rd level neonatal intensive care unit from 1 January 2011 to 31 May 2018. Newborns with gestational week (GA) <32 weeks and birth weight (BW) <1500 g were included in the study. Blood groups were divided into 4 groups involving O, A, B, AB. In addition, patients were divided into different two groups: O blood group and non- O blood group (A, B, AB) and A blood group and non- A blood group (O, B, AB). Infants with stage =2 (according to Bell classification) NEC were enrolled as the NEC group. Results A total of 1785 preterm infants were included in the study. The overall rate of NEC was found to be 2.1%. Necrotizing enterocolitis (stage =2) rates were 2.1% in O blood group, 2.1% in A blood group, 2.3% in B blood group and 2.8% in AB blood group. There were no statistically significant differences between four blood groups in terms of NEC (p = 0.967). Conclusion The etiology of NEC, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, is still controversial. It is thought to be due to many factors. In our study, the relationship between NEC and blood groups was examined, and it was concluded that any blood group did not pose a risk for NEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common problems with gastrointestinal system in newborns. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nursing care that should be applied in newborns diagnosed with NEC with Neuman Systems Model approach and NANDA nursing diagnoses. In the first stage of the nursing process, patient data were collected. The stressors perceived by the patient, and the stressors perceived by the nurse and the patient were determined, and the data were summarized. Following data collection, five different nursing diagnoses were determined according to the NANDA diagnosis, and the expected patient outcomes, interventions and nursing diagnosis results were determined for each nursing diagnosis. In this case report, there is a nursing care plan to solve the current and possible problems of a newborn with NEC, which is frequently seen in premature infants. The use of Neuman Systems Model in nursing provides a planned nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In our study, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors that influenced development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm babies born at a gestational age below 32 weeks who were being followed up in our neonatal intensive care unit. Method: Babies who were born at a gestational age below 32 weeks in our hospital were evaluated in terms of perinatal (maternal hypertension/preeclampsia, antenatal Doppler US abnormality, intrauterine growth restriction, delayed/premature membrane rupture) and postnatal risk factors for the development of NEC. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the babies, in-hospital follow-up period, presence of respiratory distress, perinatal asphyxia, prsence of hemodynamically ptent ductus arteriosus, inotropic support, ventilator support, caffeine treatment, presence of central catheter, erythrocyte suspensio, nevidenced/clinical sepsis, and nutritional statıs were recorded. IBM SPSS Statistics 21,0 program was used for statistical evaluation. Results: Eighty-five preterm babies were included in our study. The birth weighst and gestational weeks of the subjects were found to be 1190 (380-1650) gs and 29 (21-31) weeks, respectively. The birth weight and gestational week were found to be significantly lower in the subjects who developed necrotizing enterocolitis compared to the subjects who did not (p:0.005; p:0.035). The incidence of NEC was found to be 11.7% (n:10) in preterm babies. Doppler ultrasonography revealed abnormal findings in five of the subjects who developed NEC and in 12 of the subjects who did not develop NEC; this difference was statistically significant (p:0.002). Surgical laparotom, and surgical resection were performed in five infants. Penrose drain was inserted in one infant at bedside. The mean birth weight and gestational week of these cases were found to be significantly lower compared to the ones who did not require surgery (p:0.015; p:0.042). In 3.5% of the babies tranfusion-rlated NEC was detected. The mortaişty rate in infants who developed NEC was 40 percent. Conclusion: Especially premature babies with lower gestational week and and very low birth weight, whom cannot tolerate minimal enteral feeding, and have abnormal Doppler ultrasound findings or blood transfusion history should be monitored more carefully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors, characteristic features, clinical and laboratory findings and mortality rates of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty seven patients diagnosed with NEC among the 488 cases followed up in our clinic between 2010-2011 were included into this study. Results: The incidence of NEC was found as 7.5% among the total patient population. Mean gestational age and birth weight of NEC patients were 27.5±2.5 weeks and 1044±485 grams. Ninety percent of NEC patients were born under 1500 grams and 30 weeks. Twenty-four cases were classified as stage 1, and 13 cases were classified as stage 2-3. Stage 2-3 NEC was diagnosed in 9.8% of very low birth weight infants. The mean gestational age, birth weight, gender, delivery type, Apgar scores and the incidence of intrauterine growth restriction, diagnosis and/or treatment of patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, intracranial hemorrhage were similar between patients with different stages of NEC. Gastrointestinal perforation developed in six of the stage 2-3 cases. Platelet count and hematocrit levels were lower (p<0.01 and p=0.02); mortality rate was higher (p=0.02) in stage 2-3 patients when compared to stage 1 patients. Conclusion: NEC is more common in newborns with low birth weight and low gestational age. The severity of the illness is closely associated with laboratory abnormalities such as anemia, leucopenia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and elevated C-reactive protein levels. Mortality risk is higher in advanced stages of the disease requiring surgery, and especially small babies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preventing newborn seizures is important for avoiding neurodevelopmental problems. Phenobarbital and phenytoin are the first-choice drugs for neonatal seizures. When these drugs are not sufficient to control seizures, alternative therapy are needed. Although, studies concerning topiramate use in newborns is insufficient, it is preferred as the third choice antiepileptic drug, because of its neuroprotective effect. In this article, we present a newborn with necrotizing enterocolitis which occurred after topiramate therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal emergencies in the newborn. NEC occurs in 1 to 3 per 1000 Hve births and in 1 to 7.7 percent of admissions to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) The incidence decreases with increasing gestational age and birth weight, and it is about 6 to 7 percent in very low birth weight infants (birth weight less than 1500 g). We conducted a national multicenter assessment of NEC in NICUs to evaluate the prevalence of infections, and associated risk factors. Methods: We conducted a point prevalence survey of NEC in 38 NICUs. Patients available at the onset of survey were included in the study. Data on demographics, underlying diagnoses, therapeutic interventions/treatments, infections, and outcomes were recorded for all NICU patients. Results: A total of 933 patients in 38 NICUs participated in the study. 39 of whom liad NEC, corresponding to a prevalence of 4.2%. The stage of NEC patients were reported as stages 1 (n=14: 35.8%), 2 (n=16: 41%), and 3 (n-9: 23%) 3. Causative microorganisms were isolated in seven (li.9%) patients with NEC. Tliis pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (3 infections, 12.9%) coagulase negative Staphylococcus (2 recurrent infections, 5.1%), and Candida spp. (2 recurrent infections, 5.1%). The risk factors for NEC were total parenteral nutrition (TPN) gestation age <32 weeks and previous surgical operation. NEC was found to be a risk factor for neonatal mortality (p=0,0I7). Conclusion: This national multicenter study documented the high prevalence of NICU-acquircd infections. Pi "eventing these infections should be a national priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of a balanced intestinal flora is related with the mode of delivery and the diet within the first days. The newborn intestine is sterile, and diarrheal and other infections are frequent due to increased permeability, lack of secretory (s)IgA and immune experience. Flora, consisting of grampositive lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria due to vaginal birth and breast-feeding, positively contribute to the immune system and infant health. Among preterm infants, the development of healthy flora is delayed due to cesarean birth, lower chance of receiving human milk, colonizing pathogenic microorganisms of the intensive care unit, and antibiotics, and thus the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis is high. Evaluating the results of 16 studies in 2,842 preterm infants, the Cochrane metaanalysis 2011 showed that enteral probiotic supplementation decreased the incidence of severe necrotizing enterocolitis (stage 2 or more) and reduced all-cause mortality. No infection was observed with the supplemented organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the relationship between fetal hyperechogenic bowel, absence of end diastolic flow in umbilical artery with Doppler ultrasound and necrotizing enterocolitis in extremely low birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction infants during early neonatal period. Case: We presented 3 cases with intrauterine growth restricted, extremely-low-birth-weight who had absence of end diastolic flow in umbilical artery and hyperechogenic bowel before delivery and developed necrotizing enterocolitis during the early postnatal period. Conclusion: Hyperechogenic bowel in cases with severe intrauterine growth restriction can be an important finding along with absent or reversed end diastolic flow to make a necrotizing enterocolitis in early neonatal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric pneumatosis defined as intramural gas of the stomach is a rare sign and is usually associated with necrotizing enterocolitis or proximal intestinal obstruction. Although gastric pneumatosis has been suggested as a feature of fulminant necrotizing enterocolitis and a sign indicative of severe and widespread gastrointestinal tract involvement, we herein report four gastric pneumatosis cases associated with necrotizing enterocolitis who completely recovered with conservative therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by intestinal ischemia which is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in preterm neonates. Recently, probiotics have been used for management of NEC. Lactobacillus species, Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces boulardii are the most commonly used preparations. We presented a premature infant with recurrent NEC who was treated with Saccharomyces boulardii successfully. A premature infant with a gestational age of 27 weeks and body weight of 900 gr was diagnosed as sepsis and NEC on postnatal fifth day. Physical examination was normal except abdominal distention and there was no peristaltic activity heard by auscultation. In laboratory evaluation, white blood cell count was 30500/mm³, Hb: 16.3 g/dL, platelets: 144000/mm³. Hepatic and renal function tests were within normal limits. Appropriate intravenous (İV) antibiotics and IV hydration were given. On postnatal 10th day, the infant was allowed to be fed by nasogastric tube but this was followed by NEC. After every feeding attempt on postnatal 18, 29, 45 and 64th days, the patient developed NEC; in each episode, he was treated with antibiotics. Oral Saccharomyces boulardii was given to treat recurrent NEC. The premature infant with recurrent NEC was managed successfully by Saccharomyces boulardii as probiotic, a preparation available in Turkey. We did not observe any complications therefore this probiotic might be considered as a safe alternative. However, further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of probiotics to treat NEC during neonatal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arginine is an essential amino acid in the fetus and neonate and is a conditionally essential nutrient for adults. As a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and other molecules that have enormous biologic importance and as a stimulant to the production of growth hormone, L-arginine plays versatile key roles in nutrition, immunodefense and metabolism. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether there is a relationship between morbidity, mortality, and plasma arginine levels, and to determine whether long-term arginine-supplemented enteral nutrition affects morbidity, mortality, hospital stay, and growth parameters in premature infants with birth weight ≤1500 g and gestational age ≤34 weeks. In this placebo-controlled study, 53 preterm infants with a birth weight of ≤1500 g and gestational age ≤34 weeks were prospectively, randomly assigned to receive enterally supplemental L-arginine (250 mg/kg per day, study group; n=27) or sterile water (placebo) (control group; n=26). Nine infants from the study group and nine infants from the control group were lost to follow-up; 18 infants from the study group and 17 infants from the control group completed the study. Blood samples for plasma arginine levels on the 1st and 15th days of life and at the postconceptional 40th week were collected. Growth parameters (weight, length, head circumference, right upper arm mid-circumference and right thigh mid-circumference) were measured on the 1st and 15th days of life and at the postconceptional 40th week. Arginine supplementation was discontinued at the end of the postconceptional 40th week. There were no significant differences in growth parameters on the 15th day and at the postconceptional 40th week between the study and control groups. There was no relationship between plasma arginine levels on the 1st day, 15th day, and at the postconceptional 40th week and either synchronized growth parameters or morbidity and mortality in all infants. There was also no difference between the supplemented group and control group in terms of incidence of morbidity and mortality. We concluded that arginine supplementation by enteral route alone in premature infants does not affect the growth parameters, morbidity or mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]