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Purpose: To develop a new model for calculating the long-term production expectation of production lines and to show how this model can be used in production planning and control.Methodology: The methodology leverages real-world data to assess mechanical unit performance and improvement efforts. By calculating transition probabilities and employing Markov Chain and reliability analysis, it predicts long-term production capacity for the production line.Findings: It can predict long-term production expectations with high accuracy for a business with six production lines.Originality: The proposed model and method in this current study are capable of effectively addressing any production line problem where regular data is maintained.

Bu çalışmanın konusu, İslâm’ın erken dönemi Arap şiirinde eş olarak kadın algısıdır. Problemi ise döneme ait Arap şiirine eş olarak kadın algısı yansımalarının sorgulanmasıdır. Çalışma konusu kapsamındaki beyitler, dönemin İslâm toplumunda eş olarak kadın algısını yakından tanıma ve konuyla ilgili kanaat edinme bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Her ne kadar son zamanlarda İslâm’da kadının konumuyla ilgili bazı çalışmalar yapılmış olsa bile söz konusu çalışmalarda araştırmaların tabiatı gereği eş olarak kadın algısına yeterince değinilmediği ve genel özellikleri zikretmekle yetinildiği görülmektedir. Çalışmamızı ayrıcalıklı kılan husus, İslâm’ın erken dönemi Arap şiirinde karı-koca ilişkisi, kocaya özlem duyma, kocadan yakınma, sadakatsiz kocadan intikam alma, boşanma ve sonrası ve vefat eden kocanın ardından mersiye okuma gibi beyitlere yansıtılan yaklaşımlar ve detaylardır. Çalışmada nitel yöntem tekniklerinden doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle konunun daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak amacıyla arka plan mahiyetinde Câhiliye Devri Arap toplumunda ve Hz. Peygamber döneminde kadının konumu hakkında özet bilgiler verilmiştir. Ardından dönemin Arap şiirinde ulaşılabilen ilgili beyitler tercüme edilmiş, gerekli değerlendirmeler yapılmış ve ilginç görülen tespitlere işaret edilmiştir. Hz. Ömer (öl. 23/644) dönemine kadar Câhiliye Devri nikâh geleneğinin sürdürüldüğüne ve üvey anneyle evlilik yapıldığına işaret eden beyitler dönemin Arap şiirinde dikkat çeken ilginç tespitler arasında yer almaktadır. Benzer biçimde İslâm’ın erken dönemi Arap şiirlerinde eş olarak kadına sevgi, saygı ve merhamet duyguları gözetilerek muamelede bulunulduğuna, dahası bazı zamanlar bu hususta İslâm prensiplerinden ödün verilerek aşırıya kaçıldığına işaret eden ilginç tespitler de yer almaktadır. İlgili beyitlerden; eş olarak kadına olan aşırı tutkunun kocayı İslâm prensiplerine muhalif davranışlara sevk etmesi durumunda karı-koca arasındaki sevgi bağlarına itibar edilmediği ve kadını boşamaya zorlayıcı yaptırımların uygulandığı anlaşılmaktadır.

Objective: This study aims to retrospectively examine the demographic characteristics, main causes of pain, diagnoses and applied treatment methods of patients who applied to a pain clinic. It is expected that these data will contribute to the evaluation of current clinical practices and the development of more effective pain management strategies.Methods: The study was conducted with a retrospective design among patients who presented to our clinic between January 2023 and December 2023. During this period, the medical records of the patients who applied to the pain clinic were examined. The patients' (age, gender), reasons for application (pain localization) and treatment approaches (drug therapies, interventional procedures) were recorded.Results: When demographic characteristics were examined, 56.8% of the 1210 patients included in the study were female, 43.2% were male, and the mean age was determined as 47.42±20.56. When the complaints of the patients were examined, the reasons for application were back pain, leg pain and widespread body pain in order of frequency. In terms of treatment methods, the most frequently performed procedure was the plan block, followed by epidural analgesia. Conclusion: In our study, it was observed that the majority of patients applying to the pain clinic applied due to chronic pain and needed multidisciplinary treatment approaches. These data are important for the development of new strategies for pain management in clinical practices and for increasing patient satisfaction. It is recommended that more studies be conducted, especially on the effectiveness of interventional methods and the role of psychological support.

Kur’an-ı Kerim’de “hatmü’n-nübüvve” terkibi açıkça zikredilmemesine rağmen Resûl-i Ekrem’in nebîlerin sonuncusu (hâtemü’n-nebiyyîn) olduğu vurgulanmış buradan hareketle ilgili husus İslâm inanç esasları arasında yerini almış dolayısıyla söz konusu itikadı zedeleyecek tüm görüşler geçersiz addedilmiştir. Nitekim Resûlullah (s.a.v.), İsrâiloğulları’nın peygamberler tarafından idare edildiklerini ve bundan dolayı onlara gönderilen bir nebînin ölmesi peşi sıra yerine gelen bir başka peygamberin bu görevi icra ettiğini beyan etmiş ancak kendisi ile bu durumun değiştiğini, zatının levh-i mahfûzda peygamberlerin sonuncusu şeklinde kaydedildiğini belirtmiş hatta nübüvvet binasının eksik kalan tuğlasının kendi risâleti ile tamamlandığını ifade etmiştir. Bu bağlamda mezkûr ilke ile özellikle Yahudiler arasında görülen nübüvvetin babadan oğula intikali yönündeki beklenti ve insanlar arasında dönüp dolaşan, “Muhammed’in oğullarından biri yaşasaydı”, “Zeyd b. Hârise, Muhammed’in öz oğlu olsaydı o da nebî ve resûl olacaktı” ve “Zeyd yaşasaydı Resûlullah (s.a.v.), onu kendi yerine bırakırdı” şeklindeki söylemlere cevap verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Resûlullah (s.a.v.), kendisinin son peygamber olduğu yönündeki ilgili açıklamalarına rağmen kıyamet öncesinde peygamberlik iddiasında bulunacak yalancıların zuhur edeceğini de hatırlatmış ve hayatının sonlarına doğru ortaya çıkan bu yöndeki teşebbüs ve girişimlere müsaade etmeyerek de bu inancı pekiştirmiştir. Hatmü’n-nübüvve meselesi sahâbe arasında da üzerinde ittifak edilen hususlardan birini teşkil etmiş ve söz konusu dönemde nübüvvet iddiasında bulunanlar mürted kabul edilerek onlarla savaşılmıştır. Hatmü’n-nübüvve konusundaki sözü edilen açıklama ve uygulamalara rağmen, hadislerin bağlamından kopartılarak anlaşılmaya çalışılması ve mevzuya dair diğer nasların dikkate alınmamasının ortaya çıkardığı yanlış anlamalar, Resûl-i Ekrem’in, oğlu İbrâhim’in vefatı esnasında, “İbrâhim yaşasaydı sıddîk bir nebî olurdu.” beyanı için de söz konusu olmuştur. Rivayete göre o (s.a.v.), hicri 10 yılında İbrâhim’in ahirete irtihali akabinde, “Göz yaşarır, yaş boşalır, kalp sızlar ve hüzünlenir. Ey İbrâhim! Biz senin ölümünle gerçekten çok üzgünüz. Şayet ölüm doğru bir vaat, herkes için geçerli bir gerçek olmasaydı ve arkada kalan önde gidene hiç kavuşmayacak olsaydı biz şu anda hissettiğimizden çok daha fazla üzülürdük.” şeklinde bir konuşma yapmış ve peşinden de “(İbrâhim) yaşasaydı sıddîk bir nebî olur, Kıbtî dayıları azat edilir ve hiçbir Kıbtî de köle yapılmazdı.” yönünde bir izahta bulunmuştur. Resûlullah’ın (s.a.v.), oğlunun vefatında yaptığı, “(İbrâhim) yaşasaydı sıddîk bir nebî olurdu.” açıklaması hatmü’n-nübüvve açısından müşkil addedilmiş ve bu ifade farklı değerlendirmelere konu edilmiştir. Nitekim ilgili hadisten yola çıkılarak Hz. Peygamber’den sonra bir nebînin olmaması İbrâhim’in vefatıyla ilişkilendirilmiş ayrıca mezkûr haberin bâtıl/mevzu olduğu; her bir peygamberin çocuğunun nebî olması halinde bu durumun tarihî verilere aykırılık arz edeceği; ilgili sözün İbrâhim’in faziletini beyan sadedinde sarf edildiği ve gerek Asr-ı Saâdet’te gerekse sonradan peygamberlik iddiasında bulunacaklara bir cevap mahiyeti taşıdığı yönünde bazı açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Ayrıca hatmü’n-nübüvve meselesi özellikle 19. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan Kâdiyâniler tarafından yeniden gündeme getirilmiş ve inceleme konumuzu teşkil eden rivayet, sözü edilen grup tarafından nübüvvetin son bulmadığı yönündeki düşüncelerini desteklemek üzere kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma bazı lafız farklılıkları ile biri merfû diğer ikisi ise mevkuf nitelikli, “İbrâhim yaşasaydı sıddîk bir nebî olurdu.” biçiminde nakledilen ilgili rivayetin hatmü’n-nübüvve bağlamında sened ve metin tahlilini ihtiva etmektedir.

İnsanlık tarihi boyunca varlığı koruma içgüdüsü, gelir dağılımında hakkaniyetten uzaklaşma ve çıkara dayalı çarpık ilişkiler gibi nedenlerle topluluklar arasında savaşlar sürüp gitmiştir. Cāhiliye dönemi Arap topluluklarında da benzer sebeplere dayalı savaşlar sıkça yaşanmıştır. Sınırlı sayıdaki su kaynaklarını ele geçirmek amacıyla çoğu defa hasım kabilelere baskınlar düzenlenmiş veya göğüs göğüse çarpışmalar meydana gelmiştir. Baskınlar ve savaşlar sırasında ele geçirilenler arasında kadınlar da yer almıştır. Yapılacak esir değiş tokuşu pazarlıklarında koz olarak kullanılmak üzere özellikle hatırı sayılır ailelere mensup kadınlar hedef seçilmiştir. Saray veya köşklerde refah içerisinde yaşayan elit tabakaya mensup kadınlar beklenmedik bir anda kendilerini hasım tarafın eline esir düşmüş olarak bulabilmişlerdir. Arkada gözleri yaşlı çocuklar, ebeveynler ve yakınlar bırakmışlardır. Bu çalışma, baskınlar ve savaşlar sırasında tutsak alınan kadınların akıbetlerinin ve karşılaştıkları muamelelerin Cāhiliye dönemi Arap şiirine olan yansımalarını ele almaktadır. Cāhiliye dönemi Arap şairlerine ait ilgili beyitler çalışmanın esasını oluşturmaktadır. Zira şair, yaşadığı çevrenin kültürünü, tanık olduğu hadiseleri ve hadiseler karşısındaki duygularını beyitlere yansıtır. Çalışma, şiirlerdeki tutsak kadın tasvirleri üzerinden Câhiliye döneminde savaşlar nedeniyle oluşan olumsuz durumu ortaya koymak bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada tarama, tasnif ve tahlil yöntemleri kullanılmıştır.

Hizmet işletmelerinde çok önemli hale gelen müşteri odaklı pazarlama anlayışı ve yaklaşımları son yıllarda tüm dünyada ön plana çıkmıştır. İşletmeler sadece hizmet ve ürün kalitesinin değil, aynı zamanda müşteri deneyimi ve kalite kavramını içeren müşteri deneyimi kalitesinin de müşteriler için önemli olduğunu fark etmişlerdir. Hizmet işletmelerinin bir türü olan ve rekabetin yoğun bir şekilde yaşandığı günümüz bankacılık sektörü için müşteri portföyünün korunabilmesi ve artırılabilmesi büyük öneme sahiptir. Bankalar sürekli geliştirerek müşterilerin beğenisine sundukları mobil uygulamalarla müşteri deneyim kalitesinin kesintisiz bir şekilde ölçülebilmesinin önemini fark etmişlerdir. Bu araştırma, mobil bankacılık uygulamasını kullanan banka müşterilerinin deneyim kalitesinin, müşterilerin tatmini ve müşteri sadakati üzerine etkisinin olup olmadığını ortaya koyma amacıyla yapılmıştır. Müşteri deneyim kalitesini belirlemek için Klaus ve Maklan tarafından geliştirilen dört boyutlu EXQ ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bu ölçek 2019 yılında Türkiye'nin Edirne ilinde uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları sonucunda mobil bankacılıkta müşteri deneyimi kalitesi “İçsel Huzur”, “Sonuç Odaklılık” ve “Karar Anı" olarak üç boyutta toplanmıştır. Bu boyutların müşteri memnuniyeti ve müşteri sadakati üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğu ve müşteri sadakati üzerindeki etkisinde müşteri memnuniyeti değişkeninin aracılık rolü olduğu doğrulanmıştır.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hypoxia on HIF-1α, HIF-2α, SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, CD133, ESRRA genes in Hep-2 laryngeal and FaDu pharyngeal cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Hep-2 and FaDu cell lines were exposed to hypoxia for 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours to determine the effect of hypoxia and then treated with 5μM, 10μM and 20μM XCT790 under hypoxic conditions. Taqman Gene Expression Assays were used to determine mRNA expressions. Results: In the hypoxic environment, we observed that HIF-2α, SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, CD133, and ESRRA mRNA expressions increased, except HIF-1α in Hep-2 cells. In FaDu cells, it was observed that HIF-1α and SOX2 mRNA expressions decreased, while HIF-2α, OCT4, NANOG, CD133, and ESRRA mRNA expressions increased. When cells were treated with the ESRRA inverse agonist XCT790, the hypoxia-induced gene expression profile was found altered. Conclusion: In our study, it was determined that hypoxia changed the gene expression profile in Hep-2 and FaDu cell lines. According to our results, it was concluded that the ESRRA gene may be an important cofactor of the hypoxic response, but its inhibition alone may not be sufficient to abolish the hypoxic response. Protein data is needed to reveal the precise mechanisms of ESRRA and hypoxia association in head and neck cancers.

Fen bilimleri dersi çok farklı somut ve soyut kavramları içermektedir. Bu nedenle eğitim-öğretim sürecinde, gerek bilişsel gerekse duyuşsal alanlarda öğrencilerde pozitif etki oluşturabilecek öğretim materyalleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda ders kitapları en çok tercih edilen öğretim materyallerinden biridir. Ders kitapları, öğretim programının içerisinde yer alan konuların planlı bir şekilde aktarılmasında ve öğrencilere kavramların öğretilmesinde kullanılan öğretim materyalleridir. Bu nedenle ders kitaplarının hatalı bilgilerden arındırılmış olması gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından beş yıl süreyle Ortaokul ve İmam Hatip Ortaokulu 6.sınıf Fen Bilimleri Ders Kitabı olarak kabul edilen üç farklı kaynağın bilimsel içerik ve kazanımlar açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında ders kitaplarında yer alan “Vücudumuzdaki Sistemler” ve “Vücudumuzdaki Sistemler ve Sağlığı” ünitelerine odaklanılmıştır. Veriler, doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Ünitelerde yer alan bilgilerin bilimsel doğruluğunu tespit etmek amacıyla uluslararası kitaplar referans alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; dokular, eklemler, kaslar, kemikler, besinlerin sindirimi, emilimi, sindirim sistemi, dolaşım sistemi, kanın yapısı, boşaltım sistemi, sinir sistemi, solunum sistemi ve duyu organlarıyla ilgili öğrencilerde kavram yanılgılarının oluşmasına sağlayacak bilimsel yanlışların ve kavram karmaşalarının olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ünite değerlendirme sorularında bilimsel yanlışların, ölçme ve değerlendirme açısından hataların olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kazanımlar açısından ise, ders kitapların birbiriyle ve öğretim programıyla uyumsuzluklarının olduğu görülmüştür. Ders kitaplarındaki hataların düzeltilmesi ve kazanımlara uygun olarak hazırlanması eğitim-öğretim sürecinin geleceği açısından önemli olduğu söylenebilir.

Bu çalışmada yeniden yapılandırılan Batman İl Halk Kütüphanesi ve bağlı kütüphanelere ilişkin kapsamlı bilgi verilmektedir. .

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir Histon Deasetilaz (HDAC) inhibitörü olan Sodyum Bütirat’ın(NaB) BACE1/501, BACE1/457 ve BACE1/432 gibi BACE1 izoformları ve hnRNP H, U2AF35, U2AF65, SRSF1, SRSF2, SRSF5 ve SRSF6 alternatif kırpılma faktörleri üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, SH-SY5Y hücreleri 1 mM ve 5 mM Na Bile muamele edilmiştir. Daha sonra BACE1 izoformları ve alternative kırpılma genlerinin ekspresyonlarındaki değişimleri değerlendirmek için Real-Time PCR yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: 5 mM NaB konsantrasyonunda SRSF6, SRSF1, SRSF2, SRSF5 ve U2AF65 genlerinin ekspresyonlarında %35’ten %80’e kadar görece bir azalma olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca 5 Mm NaB BACE1/501, BACE1/457 ve BACE1/432 izoformlarının ekspresyonunu artırmıştır. NaB konsantrasyonu arttıkça, SRSF5 geninin ekspresyonu diğerlerinden daha fazla azalmıştır. Sonuç: Bulgularımızdan yola çıkılarak, U2AF65 ve SRSF6 genlerinin BACE1/457 ve BACE1/432 izoformlarının artışına diğer genlerden daha fazla katkı sağladığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Small walnut aphid (Chromaphis juglandicola (Kalt.) (Hem.: Aphididae) and Dusky-veined walnut aphid (Panaphis juglandis) (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Callaphididae) are important pests in walnut orchards in Lake Van Basin, Turkey. Aphids, which are colonized separately in the upper and lower parts of the walnut leaf, cause loss of quality and quantity in the walnut when their population is dense. In this study, population growth rate parameters based on feeding with both aphids of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), which is one of the important predators of the pest, were determined. The experiments were carried out in climatic rooms under 25±10°C, 65±5% humidity and 16: 8 (L: D) h (5,000 lux) lighting time conditions. Life table parameters were estimated according to age-stage, two-sex life table method. The values obtained for the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0) and mean generation time (T) were 0.082 d-1, 1.082 d-1, 59.47 offspring and 49.76 d, respectively of C. carnea fed on Chromaphis juglandicola and Panaphis juglandis. Results obtained might be used in pest management program that will be prepared for the aphids.

Global urbanization and population growth obstruct the food waste management and cause uncontrolled accumulation of wastes. Ensuring the correct and efficient use and recycling of wastes having high protein content and generated throughout the food production and supply chain is becoming more important both in our country and all over the world. The evaluation of by-products released in the food industry is important for the development of new functional products and for greater economic rate of return on industrial scale. In this respect, bioactive peptides obtained from plant/animal wastes and rich in protein come into prominence. Bioactive peptides are also of great importance for human health because of their functional properties. In this review, functional properties of bioactive peptides obtained from protein-rich food wastes and their bioavailability mechanisms in human gastrointestinal system are discussed.

Copyright of Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology / Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hyperspectral images contain detailed information for classification. However, these data negatively affect the classification results due to their high size, large data volume and strong correlation between adjacent bands. Classification efficiency and accuracy of hyperspectral images can be improved with an appropriate feature selection method. In this study, the Relief-F feature selection algorithm was preferred due to its features such as being independent of the classification model, not taking into account the assumption of multicollinearity, and being able to process noise values. Salinas-A, Indian Pines and Pavia University datasets were used as experimental data to examine the application effect of the Relief-F algorithm. After the applications, the Support Vector Machine classifier showed higher performance in the Salinas-A and Indian Pines datasets after band selection; It has been observed that the classification accuracy of the Random Forest method is largely preserved. The research results show that the Relief-F algorithm determines the most necessary features in hyperspectral images and the number of bands can be reduced by 60% - 70% with a good classification accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences is the property of Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Strawberry is one of the most preferred fruits all over the world due to its characteristic properties. Due to the morphological structure of fresh strawberries after harvesting, quality losses are observed during cold storage. Therefore, industrial washing of fresh strawberries is especially important for reducing microbial load and increasing shelf life. Demand for the new methods as an alternative to the chemicals used in industrial washing of fruits and vegetables is increasing due to consumer-related health concerns. Ultrasonic washing is a preferred innovative method in terms of reducing the microbial load and maintaining quality properties compared to chemical washing processes. In this study, fresh strawberries were washed with ultrasound (550 W/35 kHz) and peroxyacetic acid (40 ppm) after harvesting. The pH, total acidity, water soluble dry matter (brix), vitamin C, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, total viable, mold and yeast count analyses were performed in every two days during 14 days of cold storage of washed strawberries. Ultrasonic washing was found to be more effective in reducing microbial load and preserving bioactive properties of strawberries compared to other method due to its cavitation effect.

Objective: Heart failure (HF) is an important health issue of the 21st century and the prevalence in Turkey has been reported as 2.9%. A national profile, frequency data, characteristics of different phenotypes, and risk factors have not yet been well established. The Snapshot Evaluation of Heart Failure Patients in Turkey (SELFIE-TR) was an analysis of a representative sample of HF patients from Turkey. Methods: A total of 23 centers with at least 2 cardiologists from the 12 NUTS-1 regions of Turkey were invited to participate in the research. The contributing centers shared the data of a consecutive enrollment of HF patients, as confirmed by an investigator, on a pre-selected day of each week for the month of October or November of 2015. Results: The mean age of the entire cohort was 63.3+-13.3 years (male/female ratio: 751/303, 71.3%/28.7%). There were 712 acute HF patients and 342 chronic HF patients. The total number of HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was 801 (75%), 176 (16.7%), and 77 (7.3%), respectively. The patients with chronic HF were younger than those with acute HF (61.1+-13.3 years vs 67.9+-12.1 years; p

Susam kepeği endüstriyel bir atık olup günümüzde teknolojik olarak değerlendirilmemekte ya da sınırlı miktarda hayvan yemi olarak besicilere sunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, özellikle ülkemizde kavrulmuş susam, tahin ve tahin helvası işletmelerinde yoğun bir girdi olarak kullanılan susamın kuru ve ıslak hat adı verilen susam işleme hatlarından atık olarak açığa çıkan toplam üç farklı susam kepeklerinden protein ve antioksidan özellikli maddeleri geri kazandırma potansiyelleri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, üç farklı noktadan çıkan kepek atıklarından (Kuru hat I, Kuru hat II ve Islak hat II) alkali yöntem ile protein özütlemesi yapılmış ve ayrıca susam kepeklerinden fenolik maddelerin özütlenmesinde %70’lik (v/v) aseton, etanol ve metanolün sulu çözeltilerinin etkileri incelenmiştir. Kuru hat susam kepeğinin ıslak hat kepekten daha düşük protein içeriğine sahip olduğu belirlenmiş; buna karşın kuru hat kepekten daha yüksek protein özütleme verimi elde edilmiştir. Kuru ve ıslak hat susam kepeklerine ait fenolik madde özütlerinin, alkali yöntem ile elde edilen protein özütlerinden daha yüksek toplam fenolik madde içeriğine ve antioksidan kapasite değerlerine (DPPH ve ABTS yöntemleri sonucu) sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Susam kepeğinden fenolik maddelerin özütlenmesinde en etkili çözgenin %70’lik aseton çözeltisi olduğu belirlenmiş; etanol ve metanolün kullanıldığı özütlere ait sonuçlarda istatistiki olarak önemli farklılık bulunmamıştır.

Objective: Cardiovascular risc factors may show significant changes over the years. A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies conducted in Turkey was performed to assess the latest profile and temporal changes in cardiovascular risk factors. Presented here are the data on hypertension (HT) and blood pressure (BP). Methods: Ovid Medline, the Web of Science Core Collection, and the Turkish Academic Network and Information Center (ULAKBIM) were searched for epidemiological studies conducted in Turkey during the last 15 years. In addition, the web pages of the Ministry of Health, the Turkish Statistical Institute, and associations of cardiology, nephrology, and endocrinology were searched for appropriate studies. Regional studies were excluded. The studies included were assessed with a bias score developed by our team, then categorized as having a low risk or a high risk of bias. The crude values of HT prevalence and BP were pooled using a random effects model. Meta-regression was performed to explain heterogeneity and to assess temporal changes. Results: The agreement between the 2 authors on the selection and bias scoring of the studies was perfect (Kappa ≥0.95). There were 7 (n=73218) studies providing HT prevalence data, and 8 (n=75879) studies with BP data. The heterogeneity between the studies was high. Meta-analysis of the studies with a low risk of bias indicated that the crude prevalence of HT is higher in women, but that BP levels were similar in both sexes. The HT prevalence and BP value decreased between 2003 and 2012; however, the number of hypertensives stabilized at approximately 15 million, and the number of uncontrolled hypertensives, despite some decrease, was around 11 million. Conclusion: Despite some improvement, HT is still an important public health problem in Turkey.

Objective: Dyslipidemias, primarily hypercholesterolemia, are independent and strong predictors of cardiovascular (CV) events. The frequency of dyslipidemia is very important in terms of determining CV prevention policies. In order to determine the up-to-date frequency of CV risk factors in Turkey, a meta-analysis of the epidemiologic studies carried out in the last 15 years was performed. This article presents the results on the dyslipidemia data including hypercholesterolemia principally. Methods: Epidemiological studies conducted during the last 15 years and having the potential to represent the general population in Turkey were searched in databases (Ovid Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, and Turkish Academic Network and Information Center [ULAKBIM]) and web pages (Ministry of Health, Turkey Statistical Institute, Turkish Society of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology Associations). A total of 7 studies including lipid data were found. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies with low bias score were performed. Crude values of the prevalence of hypercholeterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL and mean lipid levels were calculated. Random effects model was used in meta-analysis. Results: The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia defined as a LDL-cholesterol >130 and/or ≥130 mg/dL, was 29.1% (95% CI 23.6–35.0) in the general population, 30.2% in females (%95 CI 24.7–36.1), and 27.8% in males (95% CI 22.3–33.6). The prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol (≤50 mg/dL for females and ≤40 mg/dL for males) was calculated as 46.1% (95% CI 42.4–49.9) in the whole group, 50.7% (95% CI 47.7–53.6) in females and 41.1% (95% CI 36.1–46.3) in males. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (>150 mg/dL) was 36.5% (95% CI 30.6–42.5) in general, 32.0% (95% GA 26.6–37.8) in females and 41.3% (95% CI 34.9–47.8) in males. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia constitutes a major public health problem in Turkey. In the adult population, almost 3 of 10 have hypercholesterolemia, one of 2 has a low HDL-cholesterol, and 1 of 3 has high triglycerides levels.

Objective: The incidence of metabolic syndrome varies greatly in developed and developing countries. In the last 10 to 15 years, important studies have been performed examining the incidence of metabolic syndrome in Turkey. This article is a meta-analysis of the studies that investigated the incidence of metabolic syndrome this country. Methods: Epidemiological studies from the last 15 years that provided information about the incidence of metabolic syndrome in Turkey were screened in the Ovid Medline, the Web of Science Core Collection, and the Turkish Academic Network and Information Center (ULAKBIM) databases. In addition, web pages of the Ministry of Health, the Turkish Statistical Institute, and the associations of the related medical discipilnes were screened for appropriate studies. A bias tool that is developed by our team was used to categorize the included studies as having low- or high risk of bias. A random effects model was used in the meta-analysis. Linear and nonlinear meta-regression analyses were performed to evaluate heterogeneity and temporal variations in prevalence rates. Results: Four studies (n=34893) were identified that provided information about the status of metabolic syndrome in Turkey using the Adult Treatment Panel III definition. There was excellent interobserver agreement regarding the selection of studies and the scoring of the selected research with respect to bias. The meta-analysis revealed a prevalence of 32.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.2–35) overall, 38.3% (95% CI: 35.8–40.8) in women, and 26.8% (95% CI: 23.4–30.3) in men. Two studies (n=8568) provided data according to the International Diabetes Federation definition of metabolic syndrome. The random effects model used in the meta-analysis of these studies demonstrated a prevalence of metabolic syndrome of 43.3% (95% CI: 41.9–44.7) overall, 50.4% (95% CI: 49.0–51.9) in women, and 35.4% (95% CI: 32.5–38.5) in men. Conclusion: In Turkey, the incidence of metabolic syndrome is 1 in every 4 men, and 1 in every 3 women. The rate is particularly high among women. Studies designed to prevent the development of metabolic syndrome are needed.

Objective: Obesity is the most important epidemic of the 21st century and its incidence is increasing steadily in Turkey. The aim of this study was to assess the current status and temporal change in the prevalence of obesity in Turkey with a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies conducted in the last 15 years. Methods: Ovid Medline, the Web of Science Core Collection and the Turkish Academic Network and Information Center (ULAKBIM) databases, as well as the web pages of the Turkish Ministry of Health, the Turkish Statistical Institute, and cardiology, nephrology and endocrinology associations were searched for epidemiological studies conducted within Turkey the last 15 years. Research focusing on local data was excluded. Studies included in the analysis were assessed with a special bias score and categorized as having low or high risk of bias. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, obesity and prevalence of abdominal obesity were calculated as crude values. Meta-regression analysis was performed to assess heterogeneity and change over time. Results: The agreement between the two investigators on the selection and bias scoring of the studies was excellent (kappa=0.95), but the heterogeneity between the studies was high. BMI (10 studies, n=93.554) was calculated as 28.2 kg/m2 for women and 26.5 kg/m2 for men. The prevalence of obesity (12 trials, n=106.553) was 33.2% in females and 18.2% in males. In 6 studies (n=66.591) that included a measurement of waist circumference, the values were 89.72 cm in women and 93.57 cm in men. Especially in women, the prevalence of abdominal obesity (5 studies, n=62331) was greater than that of general obesity (50.8% in women vs 20.8% in men). Meta-regression analysis revealed that the variance of the obesity prevalence between the studies could partly be explained by the age differences, but there was no temporal change in the prevalence of obesity during the years the studies were conducted. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is considerably high in Turkish women and increases with advancing age. This finding points out that nationwide action plans against obesity, especially for women, should be designed and implemented by health policy makers.

Objective: Smoking is one of the most important public health problems and preventable causes of mortality in Turkey. Major healthcare policies have been implemented to combat this problem over the past 10 years. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies performed in the country in the last 15 years to determine the prevalence of smoking in Turkey. Methods: Ovid Medline, the Web of Science Core Collection, and the Turkish Academic Network and Information Center (ULAKBIM), as well as the websites of the Ministry of Health and the Turkish Statistical Institute were searched for the appropriate epidemiological studies. Studies included in the analysis were evaluated by a self-developed bias score regarding their potential to represent Turkey and standardization of measurements. The meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis were performed using a random effects model. Results: Ten epidemiological studies (n=122383) that included data about smoking were found. Eight of them (all with low bias score) included separate data about the smoking habit of women (n=49524) and men (n=37684). The smoking prevalence was determined to be 30.5% for the whole group, 15.7% for women, and 46.1% for men, when occasional smokers were included. Although the change observed in crude prevalence values over time was not statistically significant, when the data of the 3 studies that gave prevalence values according to age categories were standardized according to age, the incidence of smoking between 2003 and 2012 decreased 6.8% (20.2%) when occasional smokers were included and 8.4% (26.3%) when they are excluded. Conclusion: Despite implementation of major healthcare policies and some success in decreasing rate of smoking, one-third of the Turkish population aged over 15 years and nearly half of the men are smokers. It is essential to continue and to strengthen measures to combat smoking.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious public health problem. Despite various epidemiological studies reporting prevalence of DM in Turkey, there is no meta-analysis or systematic review evaluating these studies as a whole and assessing temporal changes in the prevalence of DM. In this meta-analysis, the studies that have been conducted in the last 15 years and which provide information on the prevalence of DM in our country are examined. Methods: Epidemiological studies on cardiovascular risk factors in adult Turkish population that had been conducted within the last 15 years and having the capacity of either representating or potentially representing the country, were searched through Ovid, Medline and Web of Science Core Collection the Turkish Academic Network and Information Center (ULAKBIM) databases. Additionally, websites of Ministry of Health and related societies were investigated for additional studies. Random effects model was used in meta-analysis of low bias risk studies. Meta-regression was performed to evaluate the temporal change in DM prevalence. Results: There were 8 studies which provided information with regard to DM prevalence (n=84656). Four of these studies (n=56853) had low bias risk and four had high bias risk (n=27803). When compared with low bias risk studies, those with high bias risk had very large variation of DM prevalence (between 4% to 15%). Meta-analysis of the low bias risk group yielded a crude DM prevalence of 13.5% (95% CI: 11.6-15.5%) in the whole group, 14.2% (95% CI: 12.3-16.2%) in females, 12.6% (95% CI: 10.5-14.9%) in males. In meta-regression analysis of low bias risk group, mean age difference among the studies and the time period in which the study was undertaken were partially able to explain the inter-study heterogeneity (R2 values were 52% and 78%). Conclusion: This meta-analysis shows that DM is a highly prevalent public health problem in our country. Contrary to studies, which compare the recent studies with previous ones and report an increasing prevalence of DM, the present meta-analysis–despite its limitations-provides findings that the temporal increase of DM prevalence is at least paused over time. This situation underlines the need for new studies.

Bu çalışmada iki farklı boyutta (No.40 elek üstü ve altı) öğütülmüş araç lastiği (CR) ve öğütülmüş araç lastiğinin pirolizinden elde edilen karbon siyahı bitüm modifikasyonunda 3 farklı oranda (%5, %10 ve %15) kullanılmıştır. Saf ve modifiye bağlayıcılar üzerinde penetrasyon, yumuşama noktası, viskozite ve dinamik kayma reometresi (DSR) deneyleri uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca bağlayıcıların ısıya karşı hassasiyetinin göstergesi olan penetrasyon indeksi (PI) değerleri belirlenmiştir. Penetrasyon, yumuşama noktası ve viskozite deneyleri sonucunda bitüm modifikasyonunda kullanılan CR miktarı arttıkça penetrasyon değerlerinin düzenli olarak azaldığı, yumuşaman noktası ve viskozite değerlerinin düzenli olarak arttığı belirlenmiştir. Bu durum CR kullanımı ile bitümün rijitliğinin arttığını göstermektedir. CR boyutu değerlendirildiğinde malzeme boyutunun bu üç deney üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olmadığı belirlenmiştir. PI değerlerinden saf bağlayıcıya kıyasla No.40 elek altı %5 CR kullanılan modifiye bitüm dışındaki tüm modifiye bitümlerin ısıya karşı hassasiyetinin daha az olduğu belirlenmiştir. DSR deneyleri sonucunda CR içeriği arttıkça bağlayıcıların tekerlek izine karşı dayanım parametrelerinin ve elastikiyetlerinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Öğütülmüş CR’nin pirolize tabi tutulmasından elde edilen karbon siyahının bitüm modifikasyonunda kullanılması, CR’nin etkinliğini azaltmış özellikle No.40 altı boyuttaki CR’nin karbon siyahı saf bitümün özelliklerini iyileştirme özelliği göstermemiştir.

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Economics, Finance, Politics is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Androloji Bülteni (Andrology Bullettin) is the property of BAYT Ltd. Co and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Androloji Bülteni (Andrology Bullettin) is the property of BAYT Ltd. Co and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is written in response to the review of my book by Dr. Engin Çetin published in the 78th issue of this journal. The review focuses on some paragraphs and footnotes in five pages of the first chapter of the 600-page book, which is about thirty pages in total, and does not make any valuable comment on the organization of dozens of claims, inferences, theses, hypotheses, which covers the seventy-year career, politics, and relations of a grand vizier. Necessary answers have been given on the five issues in question. This review, which is published under the title of criticism, does not criticize the book, but rather presents information that is unconnected with the narrative, and does not necessitate any change in the structure or historical theses of the book. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology / Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gazi Journal of Educational Sciences (GJES) is the property of Gazi Journal of Educational Sciences (GJES) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To investigate whether retinal neurodegeneration and impairment in contrast sensitivity (CS), which have been demonstrated to begin in diabetic patients before the presence of signs of diabetic retinal vasculopathy, also occur in the stage of insulin resistance. Materials and Methods: The average, minimum and sectoral (inferior, superior, inferonasal, superonasal, inferotemporal and superotemporal) thicknesses of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) measured using optical coherence tomography were compared between an insulin-resistant group and control group in order to evaluate the presence of retinal neurodegeneration. The CS of the two groups was also compared according to the logarithmic values measured at spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 18 cycles per degree in photopic light using functional acuity contrast test (FACT). Results: Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with insulin resistance (insulin resistant group) and 25 eyes of 25 healthy subjects (control group) were included in this study. There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in any of the spatial frequencies in the FACT. The mean average GCIPL thickness and mean GCIPL thickness in the inferotemporal sector were significantly less in the insulin-resistant group when compared with the control group (mean average GCIPL thicknesses in the insulin-resistant and control groups were 83.6±4.7 µm and 86.7±3.7 µm respectively, p=0.01; mean inferotemporal GCIPL thicknesses in the insulin-resistant and control groups were 83±6.0 µm and 86.7±4.6 µm respectively, p=0.02). Conclusion: Although it may not lead to functional impairment in vision such as CS loss, the retinal neurodegeneration seen in diabetic patients may also occur in the insulin resistance stage.

Objective: The goal of this study was to develop a national database of patients hospitalized in Turkey with acute heart failure (AHF) using evaluations of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Methods: Patient data was collected using an Internet-based survey. Total of 588 patients were enrolled from 36 participating medical centers from across the country. Results: Mean age was 62+-13 years and 38% of the patients were female. Ratio of de novo AHF to study cohort was 24%. Coronary heart disease and hypertension were found in 61% and 53% of the patients, respectively. Valvular heart disease was underlying cause in 46% of heart failure patients. Most frequent factor associated with decompensation was noncompliance with treatment, observed in 34% of patients. Systolic blood pressure was 125+-28 mmHg and heart rate was 93+-22 beats/minute in the cohort. Most common findings on physical examination were inspiratory fine crackles (84%), peripheral edema (64%), and cold extremities in 34%. Mean ejection fraction (EF) measured at admission was 33+-13%. Preserved EF (≥%40) was present in 20% of patients. At admission, 60%, 46%, and 40% of patients were using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, beta-blocker, or aldosterone antagonist, respectively. Death, stroke, and myocardial infarction were reported with frequency of 3.4%, 1.6%, and 2%, respectively, as in-hospital events. Conclusion: Compared to some other research data collected around the world, AHF patients in Turkey were younger, more frequently had valvular heart disease as underlying cause, and were more noncompliant with medical treatment, but overall mortality was lower. Drugs shown to reduce mortality, and which also form the backbone of guideline-directed medical therapy, are still used inadequately.

Objective: New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification predicts prognosis for heart failure (HF) patients. Socioeconomic status (SES) has the potential to affect treatment strategy and disease course. The present objective was to investigate whether SES of Turkish HF patients affected NYHA classification. Methods: Turkish research team-HF (TREAT-HF) is a questionnaire study with 52 questions, the purpose of which is to aid in the assessment of various qualities of HF patients. The 2013 TREAT-HF cohort included 503 patients from 11 centers in Turkey. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to NYHA functional classification: I-II, a better functional classification, or III-IV, a poorer functional classification. In addition, patients were analyzed according to gender. Results: Evaluated were NYHA functional classifications of 459 (326 males and 133 females) patients with a mean age of 59.7+-14.07 years and a mean ejection fraction (EF) of 31.7+-9.22%. Total monthly family income level of ≥1000 TL, younger age, higher EF, and male gender were independently associated with better NYHA functional classification. In addition to EF, regular weight control was found to be independently associated with better NYHA classification for females, while younger age and income of ≥1000 TL were independently associated with better NYHA classification for males. Conclusion: The present results demonstrated that SES was associated with NYHA functional classification in a cohort of Turkish HF patients.

Heart failure is a progressive disease. A considerable number of patients eventually reach an advanced or terminal phase, in spite of developments in diagnostic procedure, alternative treatments that can slow progression, management, and follow-up. In addition to palliative care of patients in the terminal phase, accurate recognition of advanced disease is vital in the determination of therapeutic options. Overall management of patients with heart failure requires the collaboration of professionals from multiple disciplines. Still, patients with advanced heart failure should be managed by a 'heart team,' as indicated by guidelines; communication and collaboration among cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, and other medical staff responsible for patient care is necessary. While our country has physicians experienced in the management of patients with advanced heart failure, these professionals are not distributed evenly across the country, and equitable access to therapeutic options is not provided. Hence, progress has yet to be made regarding appropriate referrals and patient circulation. The aims of the present consensus report are to strengthen the connection between certified, experienced centers and those that care for patients irrespective of disease phase and healthcare staff, as well as to raise awareness and provide information regarding conditions in Turkey.

İmanla ilgili hususlar erken dönemlerden itibaren îtikâdî ve amelî fırkalar arasında ihtilaf konusu olmuştur. İman-amel, büyük günah-iman ilişkisi konusunda ilk defa Hâricilerin görüş belirtmesi ile gündeme gelen "İman" meseleleri, diğer fırka mensuplarının da tartışmaya dâhil olması ile birlikte farklı boyutlar kazanmıştır. Bu bağlamda hadis edebiyatının tasnîf döneminden itibaren ilgili eserlerde "İman" bölümlerine yer verilmiş ve konu üzerinde farklı değerlendirmeler yapılagelmiştir. Bu değerlendirmelerden biri de hanefî-mâtürîdî yaklaşımıdır. Bu yaklaşımın iman mevzuundaki açıklamaları her dönemde dikkatleri çekmiş ve birçok açıdan inceleme konusu olmuştur. İşte bu makalede bahse konu yaklaşımın önemli temsilcilerinden biri olan Türk asıllı muhaddis Aynî’nin Umdetü’l-Kârî adlı Buhârî şerhi, Buhârî’nin el-Câmiu’s-Sahîh’inin "İman" bölümü özelinde ele alınarak irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Ilahiyat Dergisi / Cumhuriyet Theology Journal is the property of Cumhuriyet Universitesi, Ilahiyat Fakultesi / Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of eccentric-focused resistance exercise on muscle strength with concentric-focused resistance exercise. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted with 34 participants from November 2021 to June 2022, categorized as elite athletes (group 1, n=10), novice athletes (group 2, n=12), and non-athletes (group 3, n=12). Participants' age, weight, gender, dominant upper extremity (Edinburgh Inventory), hypermobility status (Modified Beighton Joint Hypermobility Test), and the arm used for archery were recorded. Evaluation included muscle strength of both extremities' m. biceps brachii and m. triceps brachii, handgrip strength, pinch strength, and reaction time. Results: When compared between groups, significant differences were found in muscle strength and pinch strengths on both sides, as well as reaction times on both sides between group 1 and group 3 (p<0.05). Significant differences were also observed in left pinch strength and left reaction time between group 2 and group 3 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both types of resistance training effectively increased arm strength, pinch strength, and reaction time. However, eccentric-focused resistance exercise was found to enhance the performance of arm muscles more than concentric exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]