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Copyright of Food & Health (2602-2834) is the property of Scientific Web Journals (SWJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Karya Journal of Health Science is the property of Karya Journal of Health Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences / Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to optimize the experimental conditions for the ultrasonic assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from chicory leaves, a five level five factor central composite design response surface methodology was used. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were selected as the response and 48 experiments were performed using five independent variables; time (min), HCl concentration (mol/L), temperature (ºC), liquid/solid ratio (mL/g) and methanol concentration (%). As a result of optimization, optimum conditions, for maximum total phenolic content were determined as temperature 73 ºC, time 69 min, methanol 84%, HCl concentration 0.57 mol/L and liquid/solid ratio 33.97 mL/g. The optimum conditions, for maximum antioxidant capacity were temperature 73 ºC, time 69 min, methanol 85%, HCl concentration 0.47 mol/L and liquid/solid ratio 33.99 mL/g. The total phenolic content of white chicory extract obtained as a result of extraction under optimum conditions was determined as 33.5±0.5 mg GAE/g dried plant and antioxidant capacity as 7.2±0.1 mg TE/g dried plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Health (2602-2834) is the property of Scientific Web Journals (SWJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, biomass has been used as a chemical raw material and renewable energy source for environmental reasons in many developed countries. In this study, it is aimed to elucidate the biofuel properties of tar obtained by pyrolysis of biomass. Paulownia Elongata wood was chosen as the biomass source. Paulownia is a fast growing tree species, it is cultivated as a biofuel raw material and is also used in industrial applications due to its many advantageous properties. It is used extensively in Asian countries, especially in the manufacture of furniture and ornaments. The potential to transform the wastes generated after such productions into bioenergy products is also quite high. The most commonly applied thermochemical method for biofuel production is pyrolysis. In this study, the sweeping gas flow rate (N2) (0.05, 0.10, 0.2, 0.3 L/min) and particle size (0.224-0.425; 0.425-0.6; 0.6-0, 85; 0.85-1; 1-1.8 mm) on pyrolysis product yields were investigated at a heating rate of 50°C/min and a temperature of 500°C. The highest bio-oil (tar) yield was achieved at 0.1 L/min sweeping gas (N2) rate and 0.6-0.85 mm particle size. Elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GC-MS analyzes of the bio-oil obtained under these conditions were performed and it was observed that the bio-oil contained hydrocarbons, long chain carboxylic acid/esters, ketones, phenolic compounds and their derivatives. It can be said that the bio-oil, which has a rich chemical content and high heating value, can be used as a chemical raw material source and as a liquid fuel after catalytic improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, different solvent types were evaluated in obtaining bioactive compounds from rhubarb (Rheum ribes) roots. Deep eutectic solvents prepared with choline chloride and lactic acid in different molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) and water were used, as green solvents The total phenolic compounds were found to be high with deep eutectic solvent similar to the ethanol extract. The highest value is obtained with ethanol for total flavonoid compound extraction, while deep eutectic solvent comes second. For the antioxidant activity, it was determined that the most effective solvent was the deep eutectic solvent (1:3). In addition, the similarities/differences in terms of bioactive compounds (total phenolic, total flavonoid compound, antioxidant activity) of rhubarb extracts prepared using different solvents were evaluated with principal component analysis. As a result, the use of deep eutectic solvent was found to be appropriate as an alternative to organic solvents in bioactive compound extraction from rhubarb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of commercial yeast and spontaneous fermentation techniques and 6 months of storage in bottles on the phenolic profile and color properties of Karalahna wines were investigated. It was determined that the total monomeric anthocyanin content of wines produced by commercial yeast fermentation was statistically higher than the wines produced by spontaneous fermentation. The concentration of malvidin-3-glycoside was found to be approximately 35% higher in samples produced with commercial yeast at the end of alcoholic fermentation. The phenolic composition of wines also changed depending on the fermentation technique. In general, concentrations of phenolic compounds were found to be higher in wines produced with commercial yeast compared to spontaneously fermented wines. At the end of the storage, it was determined that monomeric anthocyanins were reduced by approximately 70% in both fermentation techniques, while there was no statistical difference in the total phenolic content of the wines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from the madimak (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.), which is used in traditional folk medicine as well as nutrition. For this purpose, the effects of methanol/water mixture concentration (0-100%), extraction time (5-120 min.) and temperature (30-70 °C) on total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC) and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) of phenolic extracts obtained from P. cognatum were determined. Optimum conditions for TPC, TFC and DPPH values were determined using the "desirability" function approach, using the Box-Behnken design in the Design Expert Program. In the study carried out to obtain phenolic compound extraction from P. cognatum, methanol concentration (40.15%), extraction time (5.00 min.) and extraction temperature (70.00 °C) were determined as optimum conditions. TPC, TFC and DPPH values of phenolic extracts obtained under optimum conditions were determined as 45.40 mg GAE/g dry sample, 30.36 mg QE/g dry sample, 53.40 mg TE/g dry sample, respectively. As a result of the obtained results, P. cognatum is a rich source in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the extraction of phenolic compounds from olive leaves by ultrasonic assisted method and the solvent type (ethanol and ethyl acetate); solvent: water concentration (90:10 (v/v), 80:20 (v/v), 70:30 (v/v)) and solid/solvent ratio (1:10, 1:15 and 1:20 (w/v)) were determined. The highest extraction yield (%), total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity values were determined for 1:20 (w/v) solids/solvent ratio and 90:10% (v/v) ethanol-water mixture. In the ultrasonic assisted extraction method; The effects of temperature, time and ultrasonic amplitude on extraction efficiency, total phenolic substance and antioxidant capacity were investigated using Box Behnken experimental design, and optimum time was determined as 5.31 min, temperature 39.27°C and amplitude 40.51%. Then, the oleuropein-rich extract was encapsulated using the ionic gelation method, and the effects of extract concentration, chitosan concentration and waiting time on the encapsulation efficiency and total phenolic content were optimized using CCRD experimental design. In the encapsulation process, the optimum conditions were determined as 1.04%, the extract concentration; 0.5%, the chitosan concentration and 11.24 min, the waiting time. In addition, it was determined that microcapsules added to kefir produced for functional food did not show an inhibitory effect on LAB bacteria and suppressed the bitter taste and aroma of the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the compatibility of drying kinetics and some quality attributes of dried product were determined by subjecting blackberries to microwave (100 W) and hot air (70°C) drying methods. The experimental results showed that the Logarithmic model was the best fitted model among the investigated drying models regardless of the method of drying (R2=0.9813-0.9827). Water activity, color, hydroxymethylfurfural-(HMF), total monomeric anthocyanin-(TMA) and cyanidin-3-glucoside analyzes were performed on dried blackberry samples. The change in color parameters (L*, a*, b* and ΔE*) of samples dried with hot air is higher than those dried with microwave. HMF (0.50-1.54 mg/kg DM) formation was observed to be lower in microwave dried blackberries. It was determined that the decrease in the TMA content (54.03-576.82 mg/100 g DM) after microwave drying was lower. Similarly, cyanidin-3-glycoside (23.92-320.4 mg/100 g DM) was degraded in higher level in hot air drying. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that microwave drying provides significant advantages in terms of quality characteristics and drying rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Health (2602-2834) is the property of Scientific Web Journals (SWJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Subye is a traditional cold drink prepared with melon seeds, sugar and water. The aim of this study was to investigate the food matrix effect on the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds by determining the changes in total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity of subye formulations prepared with sugar/sweetener, using an in vitro model mimicking the digestion in the mouth, stomach and intestine. The results showed that presence of sugar in subye formulations increases the bioaccessibility of total phenolics (42-64%) (P <0.05) and total antioxidant capacity (13-172%). Although bioaccessibility of phenolics and antioxidants increased in most of the beverages prepared with sweetener (80% and 16-62%, respectively), for some formulations presence of sweetener did not induce a significant effect on the bioaccessibility of total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity. Overall, the findings obtained in this study pointed out that in general presence of sugar/sweetener positively affects the bioaccessibility of phenolics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carob pekmez is a traditional Turkish food obtained by processing, extracting, clarifying the fruit, and thickening the obtained syrup in an open cauldron or under vacuum. “Carob extract” is defined as “the extract produced by concentrating the fruit syrup obtained by cold extraction method at low temperatures” and has been marketed as an alternative to carob pekmez. This study aimed to determine the HMF, sugar, total phenolics, and mineral contents in addition to the general properties of "carob extract" and to compare these results with carob pekmez. The total phenolics of pekmez and extract sample groups were between 5.80-18.00 mg GAE/g, and 0.10-18.40 mg GAE/g, and the HMF values were between 0.79 -50.25 mg/kg, and 1.25-68.77 mg/kg, respectively. No significant difference (P >0.05) was detected between the two sample groups. The results will be able to lay the groundwork for the legislation regarding the products released as "carob extract". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Health (2602-2834) is the property of Scientific Web Journals (SWJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important antioxidant enzyme and catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with toxic metabolites. In this study, potential inhibitory effects of some phenolic compounds on the activity of GST enzyme were tested in vitro. The IC50 values of morine hydrate, esculetin hydrate, p-coumaric acid and syringaldehyde phenolic compounds are found as 0.718 µM, 0.713 µM, 0.701 µM, and 0.699 µM, respectively. Ki values are found as 1.610±0.120, 0.179±0.019, 4.590±0.480, 0.999±0.070, respectively. According to these results, esculetin hydrate showed the best inhibition effect and competitive inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hawthorn, which is known for its beneficial effects on health, grows in large quantities in our country. Despite the high level of phenolic compounds and the prevention effects towards various disea ses; it is consumed locally in limited quantities and not widely used in the food industry. Therefore, it is important to provide various value-added products of this fruit. The aim of this study is to produce puree from hawthorn fruits grown in Erzincan and Sivas (Suşehri). A pilot and industrial scale puree production line was designed according to general quality and sensory analyses out without using sweetener during production. The properties of puree were determined in the R&D laboratory. As a result of this study, hawthorn puree with a brix of 7.37±0.01 and a Bostwick of 5.5±0.1 was obtained, which was evaluated as neutral in taste, homogeneous in texture and having slight spots that could be preferred by consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It was aimed to determine the biochemical components and mineral content of some domestic and foreign walnut varieties grown in Eğirdir/Isparta ecology In the study. Statistically significant differences at p≤ 0.05 were found among the cultivars in terms of total fat, total protein, total antioxidant, total flavonoid and total phenolics. In the study, total fat content was 54.75% (Pedro)-66.23% (Franguette), total protein content was 13.85% (Sebin)-18.30% (Şen 2), total antioxidant content was 99.40 mg/GAE/100gr dried fruit (Sen 2)-210.09 mg /GAE/100gr dried fruit (Pedro), total flavonoid content 280.89 mg/g (Sen 2)-391.10 mg/g (Franquette), total phenolic content 480.10 mg GAE/g (Pedro)-167.95 mg GAE/g (Sen 2) varied between them. In the study, statistically significant differences were found between the cultivars in terms of mineral substance contents at p≤ 0.05 level. In the research, the N contents of the cultivars were 2.29%-2.76%, P contents 0.37 (Chandler)-0.46 (Sen 2, Fernor), K contents 0.38 (Franquette)-0.51 (Pedro), Ca contents 0.09 (Franquette)-0.15 (Kaman 1), Mg contents 0.16 (Sebin, Franquette)-0.20 (Pedro), Fe contents 32.57 (Fernette)-43.70 (Sen 2), Cu contents 15.27 (Chandler)-23.78 (Bilecik), Zn contents 26.60 (Chandler)-41.11 (Kaman 1 ), B contents varied between 9.31 (Sebin)-15.89 (Franquette), Mn contents varied between 27.53 (Sen 2)-42.27 (Pedro) and Ag contents varied between 0.37 (Maraş 18)-1.39 (Fernor). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study is to perform the total phenolic compound, total antioxidant activity, reducing power and activity tests of the extracts of the fruits of the Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Wild Spinach) plant with different polarities. In this study, total phenolic compounds, total antioxidant activity, Fe+3- Fe+2 reducing capacity and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazil) radical scavenging activity method of the extracts of the fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Wild Spinach), ABTS (2,2'–azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging activity, Fe+3TPTZ reduction capacity according to FRAP method and Cu+2-Cu+ reduction capacity according to CUPRAC method. As a result of the analysis of total antioxidant capacities, phenolic compound amounts and reducing power in different extracts of the fruits of the Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Wild Seahorse) plant, it was determined that the highest effect was found in the ethanol extract compared to other extracts. DPPH radical scavenging capacity and ABTS cation radical scavenging capacity % inhibition values were found to be quite high in ethanol extract compared to other extracts. In addition, FRAP radical scavenging capacity and CUPRAC cation radical scavenging capacity values were found to be higher in ethanol extract than in other extracts In this study, it was determined that the analyzed Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Wild Seed) plant was rich in high activity, high reducing power and total phenolic compounds in methanol, water and n-hexane extracts, mostly in the ethanol extract obtained from the fruits of the plant. The sole purpose of the present study is to support revealing its potential used in folk medicine supported by modern findings to increase its acceptability by the masses [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenolic compounds are a group of secondary metabolites synthesized by plants. It is formed by adding the hydroxyl group (-OH) or groups to a benzene ring. Phenolic acids are derivatives of phenolic compounds. They are divided into hydroxybenzoic acids containing 7 carbon atoms (C6-C1) and hydroxycinnamic acids containing 9 carbon atoms (C6-C3). Hydroxycinnamic acids have been shown to have anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-melanogenic activities. These compounds are widely available, natural, and have many biological activities, which provide advantages in terms of studying. In addition to all these, the broad-spectrum antioxidant activity of trans cinnamic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid increases their potential for use in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, cleaning and food industries. These advantages and potentials make phenolic compounds attractive to study. In this review, some studies on anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities of trans-cinnamic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid are mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, phenolic compounds were extracted from hawthorn fruit using microwave (MAE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) methods. The MAE was applied at different solids ratios, different extraction times and different microwave powers. UAE was applied at different solids ratios and sonication times. The maceration method was used as the control group. Total phenolic content (TPC) and color values of the extracts were examined. The highest values of TPC were determined as 9.31, 5.34, and 3.00 mg GAE/g dry matter in MAE, UAE, and maceration methods, respectively. Based on these results, it was found that the TPC value of the MAE method was 1.7 and 3.1-fold more than those of UAE and maceration, respectively. In addition, it was observed that L* values of MAE samples were lowest among others. It was concluded that the MAE is the most suitable method for the extraction of phenolic compounds from hawthorn fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, phenolic compounds (PCs) were extracted from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) by mechanical agitation using pure water at different temperatures. The effects of the extraction temperature, extraction time, and agitation rate on the total PCs (TPCs), total flavonoids (TFLs), and antioxidant capacities (ACs) of the extracts were investigated. Optimum conditions for which TPCs, TFLs, and ACs reached their highest value were determined using the desirability function of the central composite design. Optimization results at 45°C extraction temperature, 65 min extraction time, and 20000 rpm agitation rate showed that TPCs were 137.37 ± 1.87 mg gallic acid/g dry sample, TFLs were 86.96 ± 1.44 mg quercetin/g dry sample, and ACs were 18.11±0.55 mM Trolox/g dry sample. The fenugreek seed extracts having high amounts of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant capacity are believed to have the potential for use in different food formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this review article, literature studies on the production of powder products by spray and freeze drying methods after the extraction of food components from food waste and/or by-products are discussed. The extracts are dried and converted into powder form in order to increase the stability of compounds extracted from food wastes, such as phenolic compounds, vitamins, coloring and flavoring agents, proteins, fibers, and to ease their use in food formulations. In this article, spray and freeze dryer system components, working principles and effective factors in processes are evaluated, and especially recent studies evaluating both methods are discussed. It is clear that the spray drying and freeze drying processes and drying auxiliaries are effective on powder properties such as the yield, hygroscopicity, moisture content, adhesiveness, color, solubility, glass transition temperature, bulk density, microstructure, appearance under electron microscope, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin and total carotenoid contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Olivetol, is a phenolic compound found in certain species of lichen, is known with it's anti-oxidant and anti-cholinergic effects. However, the functions of olivetol in cancer cell have not been investigated yet. We evaluated the effects of olivetol on the cell proliferation and invasion of human neuroblastoma cells. Material and Method: Human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cell line was used in this study. Olivetol was administered to groups at the doses of 50 and 100µM. Cell proliferation was analyzed by real time cell analyzer xCelligence. The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2 and MMP9) were assessed by RT-PCR. Effects of olivetol on invasion were determined by transwell matrigel assays. Results: It was investigated that olivetol inhibited human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cell proliferation. High dose of olivetol (100µM) almost killed the total cells at the end of the 72 hours. It was also seen that olivetol decreased MMP2 and MMP9 gene expressions of neuroblastoma cells in dose dependent manner. Looking at the invasion results, it was determined that olivetol treatment inhibited the invasion of SHSY-5Y cells. Conclusion: This results showed that olivetol inhibits of neuroblastoma cell proliferations. Olivetol can be used to prevent invasion of SHSY-5Y cells, due to its inhibitory effect on MMP2 and MMP9. Olivetol can be considered as an alternative candidate in the treatment of neuroblastoma, as it suppresses matrix metalloproteinase levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a tropical fruit which has a unique flavor and extremely high nutritional value. This fruit is a source of vitamin C, vitamin E, phenolic compounds and carotenoids which have bioactive properties. Also it has high dietary fiber and minerals content too. Cape gooseberry fruits grown in Antalya which has Mediterranean climate conditions are used in this study. Some of bioactive properties of cape gooseberry are determined. Cape gooseberry phenolic compounds content, which is the main contributor to antioxidant activity, has been examined. The total phenolic compound content was found to be1.92±0.03 mg gallic acid equivalent / g dry weight. Rutin, gallic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid were determined in fruits. Rutin was determined as dominant phenolic compounds in fruits. The second highest phenolic compound was gallic acid. Also it was observed that fruits were rich in vitamin C, which is another component that contributes to antioxidant activity. The vitamin C content was found to be 159.76±8.25 mg/100 g dry weight. Cape gooseberry contained 11.50±0.05 mg carotenoids per 100 g dry weight, and it was determined that β-carotene contents of samples were significantly higher than α-carotene contents. Cape gooseberry fruits was also rich in carbohydrates. Sucrose, glucose and fructose were determined as major carbohydrates in cape gooseberry fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, lampante olive oil was subjected to acidification treatment with alkalis with different strengths namely, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), magnesium oxide (MgO) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and bleached with natural and acid-activated bleaching earths at variable ratios (0.1% - 0.5% - 0.9%). A decrease in the amount of FFA effectively achieved with NaOH and MgO and the refining loss is lower than Ca(OH)2. Initial TOTOX value of 152.02, decreased to 47.82 and 56.9, respectively, after the de-acidification processes performed with NaOH and MgO, but remained at the level of Ca(OH)2 and 123.53. Among the neutralized samples, the highest phenolic component content was found in the NaOH sample with 175.3 mg/kg. The use of natural bleaching soils in bleaching processes does not provide significant protection in terms of bioactive components, but when used at increasing rates, it gives more effective results than acid activated soils in terms of processing efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Black mulberry is one of the fruits consumed in our country and in many regions of the world. In this study, the juice of the black mulberry fruit was obtained and the antioxidant substances in its content were purified by column chromatography. Four fractions were obtained by column chromatography. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of each fraction and black mulberry juice were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and ABTS methods, respectively. Furthermore, each fraction and black mulberry juice were analyzed by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) for quantitatively determining their antioxidant substances. The main phenolic substance contained in the black mulberry fruit was determined as cyanidin-3-glucoside. The antioxidant substances contained in black mulberry were purified with recovery over 80% by column chromatography. It has been revealed that the black mulberry fruit is an important anthocyanin source and these anthocyanins can be purified by column chromatography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propolis is a natural product collected by honeybees from plants, especially their flowers and buds, by mixing with wax and resin, and used for various purposes in hive. Several scientific studies have shown that propolis can be used to treat various diseases in conventional medicine since ancient times and has biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory. Studies in the last five years have shown that phenolic compounds especially caffeic acid esters (CAPE) in propolis have high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity levels. Especially, some studies have demonstrated that CAPE may inhibit oxidative stress mechanisms and supress cytokine production. To ensure its effectiveness on human immune system, even though its effective intake dose is not clear, its reliable dose is 70 mg/kg, and any intake above 15 g is regarded as a toxic dose. Studies on propolis and its efficacy, side effects and reliable dose are increasing day by day, especially its effect on human immune system. In future studies, the mechanisms of its activity on immune system and more information on its effective doses are going to be significant at the level of evidence. Accordingly, it is important to define the effects of propolis on human immune system and overall health. In this study, it is aimed to summarize the studies on the properties of propolis, its consumption dose and its effects on human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lythrum salicaria L. known as “Kırmızı (Tıbbi) hevhulma” in Turkish is used for its several beneficial health effects against diarrhea, chronic intestinal fever, gingival bleeding, hemorrhoids and eczema. In this study, dried herbal parts of Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae) were sequentially extracted with different solvents such as ethyl alcohol and acetic acid-water, respectively. Total amount of phenolic substances of all extracts were determined and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of all the extracts were investigated using in vitro methods. Consequently, because of Folin- Ciocalteu method applied to determine the total amount of phenolic substances, the highest total amount of phenolic compounds was determined in the acetic acid-water extract of the parts of flower-leaf of plant and it was found to be 5.916± 0.335 mg Gallic Asid Eqivalent (GAE)/g. As a result of free radical scavenging activity (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrilhydrazyl, DPPH•) analysis, 10.697 ± 0.155 mM Trolox equivalent (TE) /g Dry Matter (DM) was found in the acetic acid-water extract of the flower-leaf part of the plant and it was observed that DPPH inhibition increased as the extract concentration increased. According to the results of antimicrobial activity performed by the disk diffusion method, it was determined that the highest antimicrobial effect against the Proteus vulgaris with the ethanol extract of the flower-leaf part of the stem of the plant and the zone diameter was found as 25.33 ± 0.57 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to use the response-surface method for the highest yield oil extraction using the suitable solvent, solid/liquid ratio and extraction duration parameters, which are thought to affect oil yield from hazelnut skin. The conditions that provide the highest efficiency oil extraction were chosen as chloroform, solids/solvent ratio 0.01 g/ml and extraction duration as 5 hours. In the extracted oil, the total amount of phenolic compound was found as 108.819 mg GAE/L, the DPPH radical scavenging activity was 264.557 mg Trolox/L and the K232 value was 3.698, the K270 value was 3.296, the p-Anisidin value was 2.543 and the b * (yellowness) value was 14.7. Hazelnut skin contains components that are beneficial for health. In addition, it is an economically valuable raw material by converting a product considered as waste into another product with high added value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, Anthemis tinctoria var tinctoria plant, collected from Tire / İzmir and named as the painter's daisy or yellow daisy among the people, was examined in terms of its phenolic profile and biological activities. Total phenolic and flavonoids content were determined spectrophotometrically. Detection and quantification of 30 phenolic compounds were performed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition of methanol extract of the plant were determined by 96-well microplate reader. In addition, antioxidant capacity of the plant was determined by DPPH and CUPRAC methods. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of methanol extract were 21.4±4.2 (mg GAE/g extract) and 9.7±2.56 (mg QE/g extract), respectively. In the quantification assay, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (1167.3±0.72 μg/g extract) and ferulic acid (845.8±1.98 μg / g extract) as phenolic acid, morin (1598.4±2.15 μg/g extract) and quercetin (1416.0±1.83 μg/g extract) as flavonoids were found at the highest concentration. IC50 values of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibition were 254.7±4.86 μg/mL, 166.2±3.74 μg/mL and 415.7±1.85 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of the plant was found as 302.18±2.74 and 514.62±3.82 mg TE/g extract, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The traditional blanching methods cause undesirable changes in color, texture and flavor and it leads to loss of soluble solids, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, and long application time increases the energy costs. In recent years, novel blanching applications that eliminate the negative impacts of blanching in fruit and vegetables, have gained importance. This study aimed to inactivate potato peroxidase enzyme using microwave, thermosonication, and traditional blanching methods and compare total dry matter, vitamin C, texture, and color properties of samples. The microwave blanching and the thermosonication blanching reduced blanching times 50.38-85.71% and 57.14%, respectively, compared to traditional blanching. The thermosonication blanching preserved vitamin C and color values of L *, a *, b *, ΔE, ΔC, and Hue°. It was detected that the microwave blanching showed the highest change in tissue characteristics of hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, gumminess, springiness, elasticity, and chewiness, whereas the thermosonication blanching produced the lowest change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is fractionation of hazelnut polyphenols and their characterization. For this aim, phenolic compounds were extracted with 80 % (v/v) acetone and loaded to column. Low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight fractions (HMW) were fractionated with ethanol and acetone, respectively. Furthermore, LMW fraction was fractionated into four parts according to peaks observed at UV (280nm). FractionV had the highest contents/activities; total phenolics and condensed tannins contents were 77.9 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract and 227 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g extract, respectively. Antioxidant activities of FractionV were 0.047 mg/mL IC50 value, 1.442 mmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g extract, 307 mg FeSO4.7H2O/g extract for DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays, respectively. As a result, it is seen that further fractionation of LMW is not needed and separation of LMW from HMW fraction is enough. HMW fraction could be utilized as a potential source of polyphenols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, efficiency of alternative chemicals such as calcium oxide, calcium polysulfide, microgranule sulfur and Reynoutria spp. against Gray mold disease on pepper plants, applied before and after pathogen inoculation, was investigated. As a result of pot trials; calcium oxide was found as the most effective chemical against Botrytis cinerea. Calcium oxide also increased height, fresh weight and stem width of pepper plants. When the amounts of total phenolics in pepper leaves were determined after chemical applications; it was found that there was increase in all applications when compared to control plants. In all applications where no pathogen inoculation was performed, the highest phenolic amounts were determined on leaf samples taken 72 hours after the applications. When chemicals were applied after pathogen inoculation, the highest amounts of phenolics were found on leaf samples taken 24 hours after chemical application with calcium oxide, microgranule sulfur and calcium polysulfide, while on samples from negative control, pathogen inoculated control, Reynoutria spp. extract and Luna applied plants, highest phenolic amounts were determined after 72 hours. As a result, it can be mentioned that applied chemicals may induce resistance mechanisms of pepper plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Apple (Malus domestica) is a fruit which has a pleasant taste so consumed with pleasure and have functional properties in terms of nutrients. Different solvents and different methods are used in the extraction of apples and other foods which contains polyphenolic compounds. In recent years, studies on ultrasound assisted extraction applications have been increasing to increase extraction efficiency. In this study, the effects of ultrasound application at different times, different ethanol concentration and different sample amount parameters on the extraction of phenolic compounds from apples and antioxidant activities of apples were determined using response surface method. Accordingly, linear modeling was developed for total phenolic content and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3) -ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) results, while quadratic modeling was determined for DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) results. It was determined that the extraction process with different periods in the ultrasonic water bath had no significant effect on the total phenolic content and thus on the antioxidant activity DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Optimum extraction conditions were determined as 76.153% ethanol concentration, 12.452 min ultrasound application and 2.844 g sample amount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aroma compounds are one of the most important food components which are representing the flavor and quality of a food product. The different thermodynamic and physicochemical properties of aroma compounds have a significant effect on their volatility. Food contains a very complex matrix, such as protein, lipid, carbohydrate and phenolic compounds and aroma compounds interact with these components. As a result, the volatility of the aroma compounds may change. In addition, the texture, viscosity, structure of foods, the products formed as a result of Maillard reaction during processing and/or storage of foods, composition of human saliva and additives like salt affect the volatility of the aroma compounds. In this review; it was aimed to clarify the thermodynamic and physicochemical properties of aroma compounds, the interaction between aroma compounds and food matrix and some other factors how affect the volatility of aroma compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In scope of this study, phytochemical and anti-microbial changes that occur due to altitude change in the fruits of 'Angeleno' plum variety were targeted. For this purpose, analyzes were conducted by sampling the fruits of the 'Angeleno' plum variety that are harvested from two different locations within the borders of Eskişehir. According to the obtained results, increase in phenolic compounds was determined with the increase of altitude, while organic acids and anti-microbial effects were decreased. While the ranking of organic acids was found as malic acid> acetic acid> oxalic acid> ascorbic acid in both altitudes, stable ranking could not be observed in phenolic acids. Anti-fungal and anti-bacterial effects of routine were detected at a high level among the phenolic compounds. Same effect was found for malic acid, oxalic acid and ascorbic acid among the organic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Derim is the property of Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kumquat is a plant species of Fortunella genus in Rutaceae family and generally is the name given to the fruits that known as smallest citrus fruits of this plant. Kumquat, whose homeland is China, is a fruit with round-oval shaped, orange-yellow color. As well as kumquat has five major species, new hybrid fruits are also produced with other citrus fruits. Due to the terpenoids and flavonoids in the peel composition, it can be consumed with its peel, unlike other citrus fruits. Nutritionally, the ratio of dietary fiber and the content of iron, calcium, vitamin A, B2 and C is high. Mostly terpenoids form of the composition of kumquat essential oil and its major terpene compound is d-limonene. 3',5'-Di-C-ß glucopyranosylphloretin is the characteristic phenolic compound of the species of the kumquat. Free radical scavenging activity of kumquat is high and its antioxidant capacity is due to the high content of phenolic compound in its composition. In addition to its antifungal properties, it also has antiviral, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects on health. Kumquat, with its nutritional and phytochemical content, is increasingly becoming in an important position in the field of food and pharmacology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlations between total phenolics, total flavonoids and colour and antioxidant capacities of honeys from Çorum region. Forty seven honey samples were analyzed for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride method. ABTS and DPPH assays were used for determination of antioxidant capacity, and the values were varied between 0.466-1.353 mM TEAC for ABTS, and 0.170-0.605 mM TEAC for DPPH. Total phenolics and flavonoids were ranged from 243 to 546 mg GAE/kg and from 30.8 to 87.0 mg CE/kg, respectively. The CIE colour parameters were determined between 32.02-41.48, 0.20-6.82 and 10.76-20.58 for L*, a* and b*, respectively. Pfund values were in the range of 1.0-111.2, and most of the honeys had colour ranged from white to light amber. Strong correlations were observed between phenolic contents, colour and antioxidant capacities of the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]