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This study has prepared by help of the secondary data with the aim to inspect the relation between countries' efficacy on struggling This study has prepared by help of the secondary data with the aim to inspect the relation between efficacy of countries on combating activities with COVID-19, and national culture. Index of Hofstede's cultural dimensions was used to measure the national culture. COVID-19 Regional Safety Assessment index, which was prepared by Deep Knowledge Group and included 250 countries, was used to measure the countries' efficacy on their struggle on COVID-19. COVID-19 Regional Safety Assessment index was designed to classify, analyse and order the weakness and strength of the countries which faces opportunities and threats due to the outcome of the global health, and economy crisis which triggered by the COVID-19. Data of 93 countries, which have the points belong to each cultural dimensions of Hofstede from 250 countries included in COVID-19 Regional Safety Assessment index, was included in the analysis. In the result of the multiple regression analysis, relation between the dimensions of "power distance" and "long/short term focus" and efficacy of countries on their combating COVID-19 is statistically significant. Also, the controlled variable of GDP [gross domestic product] per capita of the countries made no difference on the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Marmara University Social Sciences Institute / Öneri is the property of Marmara University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trakya University, Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty E-Journal / Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi E-dergi is the property of T.C. Trakya Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences / Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the relationship between the net migration rate in Turkey between 2008-2019 and the Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita was tested with the Spatial analysis method. Net migration is expressed as the difference between the migration received by a particular settlement and the migration given. The value obtained by dividing the net migration value by the mid-year population and multiplying by one hundred or a thousand is expressed as the net migration rate. The phenomenon of migration that takes place in a certain place is one of the factors affecting per capita income. Spatial Analysis, on the other hand, determines the interaction between variables between units that are geographically close to each other. In the results of working; Provinces with strong and weak spatial relationships between net migration rate and GDP data for the specified years for Turkey were identified. Spatial distribution maps were drawn, Moran I index results, low increasing positive autocorrelation was detected in GDP data for the determined years, while high positive decreasing autocorrelation was detected for net migration rate data. Then, with the LISA clustering maps, the relationship between the provinces was low, high, and unrelated clustered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of economic complexity has recently become an important factor in explaining the income and growth differences between countries. Economic complexity is important in terms of indicating the diversity of knowledge and skills that countries have and the level of knowledge and technology of exports. Economic complexity provides a competitive advantage as it indicates the level of sophistication of the products. The aim of the study is to analyze the effects of economic complexity and R&D expenditures on economic growth in countries with high levels of competitiveness. In this study, long-term reciprocal relations were examined with annual data covering the period 1995-2019. In the study, the panel cointegration test were applied. According to the results of panel cointegration tests, it was observed that there is a cointegration relationship between the variables of overal GDP per capita, economic complexity index and R&D expenditures. In long term selected countries, both economic complexity index and R&D expenditures within GDP positively affect GDP per capita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Economic & Social Research is the property of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purposes of this study were (a) to determine the adequacy of disaster and emergency assembly areas in 21 neighborhoods in the Efeler district of Aydın province after a possible disaster and (b) to evaluate the situation with created maps by identifying missing or insufficient areas. The data of the research were obtained from the Metropolitan Municipality of Aydın and the amount of gathering area was calculated with the ArcGIS 10.3 program. These gathering area data were grouped as open areas, active green spaces, passive green spaces, and public areas. Based on these data, population areas were mapped and proportioned according to international standards (by taking the amount per capita as 2.5 square meters) and it was investigated whether it was sufficient. The findings were evaluated with tables and maps, and the situation of the disaster and emergency assembly areas of the Aydın-Efeler district was evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences Cankiri Karatekin University / Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Turkish economy, which is at the middle-income level, rose to the lower-middle income group in 1955 and was in this group for 50 years. The Turkish economy, which has developed in many ways over the years, a break occurred in 2005 and when it was analyzed in terms of per capita income, it was seen that it rose to the upper middle-income level. Especially after this increase, it has been a matter of debate whether Turkey can reach the per capita income level of high-income countries. When examined over the years, the slowdown in the growth performance of the Turkish economy after 2012, depending on the developments in the world economy, caused the problems in the direction of the middle-income trap to be among the current issues. Therefore, it is of great importance for the Turkish economy how achieved this success the countries that rose to the high-income group without being caught in the middleincome trap and the countries that rose from the upper-middle-income group to the highincome group. In this context, whether the Turkish economy is at risk of middle-income trap will be examined in the light of some social and economic data and some strategies will be explained to avoid to avoid middle income trap risk will be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Management & Economics Research is the property of Journal of Management & Economics Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vital suicidal behavior has been the subject of research in studies in different fields. Although the increase in education level is expected to decrease suicidal behavior, there are studies suggesting that it increases it. For this reason unlike other studies this study investigated the role of specially economic factors in the suicide of higher education graduates. In this context, the effect of economic (the ratio of employed women with higher education graduates in the total population, the ratio of employedmen with higher education graduates in the total population, gross domestic product per capita and wages)and social factors (the ratio of college and faculty graduates in the total population, the ratio of graduate graduates (master and doctorate) in the total population, immigration) on the suicidal behavior of higher education graduates has been investigated using the Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM). According to second level Nomenclature of Territorial Units For Statistics (-NUTS-twenty six subregions of Turkey) in analysis Turkey Statistical Institute and the Republic of Turkey Social Security Institution 2008-2019 period data have been used. It was concluded that economic factors are effective in the suicidal behavior of higher education graduates and that this effect creates a difference according to gender. It has been observed that the suicidal behavior of higher education have a negative effect on the higher education graduate males employed, while the higher education graduate females employed have a positive effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Uluslararasi Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi is the property of Karadeniz Technical University, Depertmant of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bartin University Journal of Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Bartin University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is stated by various thinkers and researchers, especially in the last 20-30 years, that there are institutional factors among many factors that affect the economic development process of countries. In this study, the impact of institutional factors on development is empirically analysed for the East Asian countries. For this purpose the relationship in question is investigated with Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality tests for the period 1998-2016 in nine selected East Asian countries. As a result of the analysis made by creating six separate models; a bidirectional causality relationship is found between GDP per capita growth and education index, education index and economic freedom index, GDP per capita growth rate and trade freedom index, and education index and trade freedom index. One-way causality relationship from GDP per capita growth rate to economic freedom. It can be said that rational policies created by giving importance to institutional factors in selected East Asian countries have a positive effect on the economic development of these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic growth is defined as the increase in real GDP. However, economic growth may not fully reflect the increase in individual welfare. Therefore, it is important to consider income distribution as well as economic growth. Studies examining both the course of development of these two variables and their relationship with each other have a large place in the economic literature. The aim of this study is to investigate the validity of the Kuznets Hypothesis, which reveals the relationship between income distribution and economic growth, for the selected country group. For this purpose, panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model is estimated by using real per capita GDP values and Gini coefficients of the 20 European Union member states for the period of 2005-2019. According to the findings of the study, Kuznets Hypothesis, which states that the effect of economic growth on income distribution is in inverted-Uformat, is valid for the selected country group in the period. The threshold income level for the selected country group and the period studied was determined as $ 11.524 (ppp). Income inequality increases up to the threshold income level. Income inequality decreases after the threshold income level is exceeded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring economic development is the main goal of developing countries. Today, the human capital factor has become very important factors in the development of countries. In this context education, which is an important element of human capital, and its effects on development are among the most investigated topics among economists. Thus, it has been proven with the many theoretical and empirical studies that education has positive effects on development. In this study were examined the role and effects of education on the development of the TRA2 region, which includes Turkey's Ağrı, Kars, İğdır and Ardahan provinces. As a result of the analysis covering the 2008-2018 period, it was determined that the correlation between increasing education level and per capita income levels to increase. These results strongly prove the importance of education for the development of both the region and the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Economic & Social Research is the property of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study we try to identify the long-run relationship between per capita household consumption growth rate and rural and urban population growth rate in Turkey by means of ARDL estimation method with an annual dataset spanning from 1988 to 2019. Co-integration analysis results show that series of urban population growth rate, rural population growth rate, and per capita household consumption growth are co-integrated and they move together in the long-run in Turkey. Long-run coefficient estimations disclose that rural population growth rate has a statistically significant negative impact on household consumption growth and urban population growth rate has a statistically significant positive impact on household consumption growth rate. According to the long-run coefficient estimations, it can be asserted that a one percent increase in rural population growth rate causes to a drop by 4.006% in household consumption growth rate and that a one percent rise in urban population growth rate leads to an increase by 1.04% in household consumption growth rate in the long-run in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since insurance sector causes externalities, its multiplier effect on national economies is significant. Its contribution to Turkey's developing economy is remarkable regarding main factors such as savings required for investment, financing feasibilities, trust climate, reduction of risks. Turkey's insurance penetration remains low in comparison to world insurance penetration share with respect to national income per capita. The goal of this article is to point to public sector's regulatory role in insurance sector development by examining externalities by the means of insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, it is aimed to examine the relationships between the human development index, trade openness and economic growth for the G-20 country group for the period of 2005-2018 within the scope of panel data analysis. In the study, the error correction model is estimated with the expanded mean group estimator by performing cross-section dependency, homogeneity, cointegration and panel causality tests. As a result of the study, it is determined that there is a mutual causality between human development and per capita national income, while there is a relationship from human development to openness rate and from openness to per capita national income. It is determined that human development has a positive and significant effect on per capita national income across G-20 countries, with the highest effect in China, Indonesia and South Korea, and the lowest in Saudi Arabia. Besides, the effect of the increase in per capita income on human development is positive and significant, with the highest effect in Canada, Australia and France, and the least in Germany. The values for openness rate vary by country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, in which the factors affecting the number of patents in 81 provinces are investigated, the dependent variable is whether there is a patent; independent variables are gross domestic product per capita, number of graduate graduates, technology development regions, and the number of universities consisting of state and foundation universities. Logit model was preferred in model estimation and all data belong to 2018. According to the model estimation results, the per capita gross domestic product, the number of graduate graduates and technology development regions have a positive effect on the patent in the province, while the number of universities has a negative effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between elderly population and health expenditure has recently become a hot topic. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between per capita health expenditure and proportion of elderly population was investigated. The data of the study consisted of 36 European countries' data between 2000 and 2014. Panel ordinary least squares was used for the purpose of the study. As a result of the study, it was found out that health expenditure per capita and elderly population ratio mutually affected each other. The increase in the elderly population ratio may increase health expenditure per capita and taking more advantage of health care services as a result of more health expenditure may also increase the elderly population ratio due to the increases in life expectancy at birth [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basis of convergence between economies to test the validity of modern economic growth theories reveals the importance of income distribution of provinces. The inter provinces distribution of income per capita data calculated by the night lights of studies to compare Turkey with GDP data was made using data calculated by conventional methods. City based investigations were conducted. Spatial analysis was applied in model estimation. Spatial Durbin, spatial autoregressive and spatial error models created under the absolute and conditional convergence hypotheses were estimated by the maximum likelihood (ML) method. Wald test was preferred to determine the appropriate model. In line with the basic findings; according to the results of the analysis of both datasets in terms of income distributions, it is determined that there is convergence between provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multinational companies, by taking advantage of the pollution haven hypothesis, bring polluting technologies to host countries within the scope of foreign direct investments (FDIs), creating negative effects on the national environment and therefore on population welfare. The current study examines the impact of FDI on environmental quality, the effect of FDI on population welfare, and thus the impact of environmental pollution on population welfare in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Due to the presence of indirect effects in the analysis, a path analysis and bootstrap approach were used. In the models, net inflows FDI is an exogenous variable and real GDP per capita (proxy of welfare per capita) is an endogenous variable. In addition, carbon dioxide emission per capita, the mortality rate due to non-communicable diseases and health expenditures per capita are mediating variables. According to the findings, an increase in FDI in SSA countries decreases the environmental quality. Intermediate variables were used between FDI and population welfare. Therefore, when carbon dioxide emissions per capita and the mortality from noncommunicable diseases mediate the relationship between FDI and population welfare, the increase in FDI reduces population welfare. When only the mortality rate from non-communicable diseases mediates the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and population welfare per capita, the increase in carbon dioxide emissions per capita lowers population welfare per capita. Furthermore, an increase in FDI increases population welfare when health expenditures per capita are included in models. At this point, SSA countries should seek an endogenous source of improving the welfare rather than relying entirely on FDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Hacettepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Economic & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study is to examine the effect of geopolitical risk index (GPR) on the military expenditures. Panel analysis method is applied by using the data of 1993-2018 period for 17 developing countries where GPR is calculated. The military expenditures are considered as the dependent variable and GPR index as an independent variable. As control variables, exports, imports and GDP per capita are taken. After determining the existence of long-term relationships between variables with Westerlund (2007) cointegration test, long-term coefficients are estimated with the panel AMG estimator. Following the estimation results, it is observed that GPR and GDP per capita have a positive effect on military expenditures. In addition, it is determined that exports affect military expenditures negatively, while imports are not found to have a statistically significant effect on military expenditures. For the short-term analysis, the causality test developed by Emirmahmutoğlu and Köse (2011) is applied and a two-way causality relationship between military expenditures and the geopolitical risk index and per capita GDP is determined. However, no causal relationship is found between exports, imports and military expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of University of Cumhuriyet, Faculty of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The war in Syria does not show any concrete sign of reaching a permanent and sustainable reconciliation in the short term. It effects neighboring countries deeply from different aspects. Among others, at both regional and international level, the refugee crisis is one of the most challenging consequences of the Syrian Civil War. In this respect, Lebanon has taken one of the largest burden due to its geographic proximity and intensive socio-historical relations with Syria. Lebanon became the highest concentration of refugees per capita worldwide. This paper analyzes the current situation of Syrian refugees in Lebanon, Lebanon’s response to this issue, and the social and political consequences of the presence of Syrians in the country within the context of Lebanon’s peculiar confessional system. To sum up, it argues that the wider effects of the Syrian Civil War have added several tensions to the current Lebanese politics and economy together, where there had already been internal impasses. Additionally, the refugee crisis with its sectarian dimension emerged as a unique challenge to be faced by Lebanon compared to other neighboring countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) is the property of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences is the property of Akdeniz Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Management & Economics Research is the property of Journal of Management & Economics Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research Journal of Politics, Economics & Management / Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Research Journal of Politics, Economics & Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Uluslararasi Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi is the property of Karadeniz Technical University, Depertmant of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the relationship between hepatitis A seronegativity and some social determinants above 2 years of age in Manisa province, in 2014. Methods: The study was carried out using the data and obtained from the study titled 'Determining the Seroprevalence of Some Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Manisa'. The dependent variable was hepatitis A seronegativity; gender, age group, educational level, occupational class, annual income per capita, perceived income status, household density (number of people per room) and childhood place of residence were the independent variables. Serum samples were analyzed for total anti-HAV positivity with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method by a Roche-Cobas e 411 (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) analyzor (Roche Cobas Elecsys) and compatible kits. The relationship between dependent and independent variables were examined by using chi-square test for categorical variables. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each variable were calculated by logistic regression method. Results: In this study, it was analyzed data obtained from 1223 person. It was detected hepatitis A seronegativity as 24.4%. The highest age groups of hepatitis A seronegativity were 2-9, 10-19 and 20-29, with the percents of 78.5%, 65.8% and 31.3% respectively. Seronegativity percentages range from 0.0% to 5.5% in groups over 30 years of age. While Köprübaşı district (8.30%) had the lowest hepatitis A seronegativity Kırkağaç (34.6%) had the highest. When it was evaluated the association between social determinants and hepatitis A seronegativity; it was found that having an equivalent of annual income per capita equal or lower than 3265 TL had a protective effect on hepatitis A seronegativity (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42-0.90). According to the density of the households, it was found that those who had more than one person had a protective effect on hepatitis A seronegativity (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32-0.71). There was no significant association between hepatitis A seronegativity and gender, place of childhood, place of residence, educational status, occupational status, perceived income level and toilet location of the dwelling (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Hepatitis A vaccination should be performed because of high contagiousness during childhood and increasing mortality and morbidity with aging. Districts with high hepatitis A seronegativity, families with low-income and households with high density must be prioritised for immunization and health education services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Education is the property of Hacettepe University Journal of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Public green areas which are significant parts of urban green areas are important for urban recreational activities. The public green area standard is determined as 10 m2 per capita as in the City Planning Law No. 3194. Adequacy of public green areas is defined in the specified law according to the demographic structure. Definition of green areas as per capita allows evaluating the spatial use of these areas. Accessibility is an important factor in evaluation of public green areas which meet the recreational demands of the urban people. In this study, adequacy of public green areas in Çankiri is evaluated with regard to both standards specified in the law and accessibility. The city meets the legal standards, however, does not meet the accessibility standards. 80 percent of the city people cannot access the current public green areas within the ideal accessibility boundaries. Public green areas predicted within the city development plan will be accessible by 75 percent of the city people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of tourism incomes on economic growth. For this purpose, short and long run effects of total and per capita tourism income on real GNP, agriculture, industry, and service sectors have been tested. Granger (1969) causality test has been used to examine short run relations between the variables. The stationarity test of the variables has been done by using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root tests. Also long run relations between the variables have been investigated by Engle-Granger (1987) and Johansen- Juselius (1990) cointegration methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conference Journal of Social Policy / Sosyal Siyaset Konferanslar Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Policy Conferences/Sosyal Siyaset Konferanslar Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this research is to determine the consumption of goat milk and products and factors affected preferences according to demographic characteristics and different income groups of households living in urban areas in Turkey. The material of this research is survey data from 780 households living in İstanbul, Ankara and Çanakkale urban areas selected by basic randomly sampling method based on average proportion. According to research results, of the total households, 5% was the consumer of goat milk, 27% was the consumer of goat cheese. Goat milk consumption per capita was 350 ml/year, goat cheese consumption is 6 kg/year among the goat milk and cheese consumers. The Logistic Regression Analysis was used to analyze the data. According to analysis results, milk consumption, sheep milk and cheese consumption, age, education, income and provinces of the consumers and the importance to the mark were the factors had an effect on goat and cheese consumption. Those variables have an effect to increase goat and goat products. The advertisement and promotion activities mainly on the target group which have those characteristics would be increase consumption of goat milk and its products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, it has been examined the affects of Free Zones on local economic growth in Turkey. Contributions of Free Zones on economies of provinces where they have been established have been estimated by considering available data of 72 provinces. The affects of private sector investments, public investments, public current and infrastructure expenditures, geographical location and the rate of population growth on economic growth of provinces have been studied using endogenous growth equation. According to results of analysis, geographical location and credits have statistically significant and positive affects on economic growth, while initial per capita income of provinces have statistically significant and negative affects which indicate income convergence among provinces. Coefficient of dummy variable used for Free Zones has statistically insignificant and positive sign. When the dummy of Free Zones has been reorganized by considering whether provinces has seaport or not, results of estimation indicate that Free Zones have positive affects on economic growth of provinces which have seaport. Consequently, it can be said that the decision of locational choice of Free Zone has been made using political benefits than economic feasibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housing expenditures have a major impact on wealth, and are closely associated with economic activity. From the households' income and consumption perspective, monitoring price dynamics of the housing sector has become an important issue. As housing demand gained ground with the increase in per capita income, annual growth rate of house prices are measured in double digits; so central banks have to take an interest in the developments of housing markets. Besides, credit growth and global liquidity are stimulating the rise in house prices, in essence all may be laying the groundwork for a housing bubble that may crash in the future. Therefore, appropriate data referring to house prices are crucial for analysts. The aim of this study is then not only to see how house prices are compiled in several countries but also to show potential obstacles that may be seen in the future while compiling Turkish house prices. Furthermore, after examining data available in Turkey on house prices, a hedonic regression model will be constructed to reflect the relationship between house prices and housing characteristics empirically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]