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The main purpose of this study, in which Public-Private Partnership (PPP) models are evaluated in the context of public goods and services, is to examine whether PPP practices in Turkey are compatible with public goods theory. In this context, some projects that have been implemented in the transportation sector within the framework of PPP models and are currently in operation are discussed. First of all, the warranty and actual usage amounts for the years 2021 and 2022 regarding the sample in question are presented in tables. Then, in the light of this information, it has been tried to analyze at what point the exclusion phenomenon in the relevant services started as a result of the pricing made. As a result, it has been found that the exclusion phenomenon in PPP projects in Turkey, within the above-mentioned constraints, starts at an earlier point than it should be, and this creates a conflict with the public goods theory because it causes social loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Communication Theory & Research / Iletisim Kuram ve Arastirma Dergisi is the property of Gazi University, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Today, cities also want to gain advantage in a competitive environment just like products and services. In other words, cities want to stand out in investment, trade, transportation, education, job opportunities, shopping facilities, natural beauties, cultural activities, public services, gastronomy, etc. This research aims to examine how the district of Bandırma in Balıkesir province can be branded based on its social, cultural, economic, environmental factors, etc. and to provide various evaluations and suggestions about the district within the scope of city branding. The research sample consists of individuals residing in the Bandırma district. The survey technique, one of the quantitative research techniques, was used in the study and responses were collected from 987 people. Stratified sampling method was used as the sample. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 24 package program. In addition to descriptive statistics, correlation analysis was used as the analysis method. When the attitudes of city residents towards the city were examined in the research results, it was found that they found shopping centers, cafes, educational institutions, public transportation, picnic and barbecue areas insufficient. It was concluded that they see the district of Bandırma as a place suitable for family life, with social people, and not attractive enough in terms of job opportunities. Based on this information, various suggestions have been made for the development of the district, taking into account the attitudes of individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depending on the technological developments, the use of the internet has started to take place effectively in every aspect of daily life. This process has made people's lives easier in many areas and has brought some problems with it. One of the most important of these problems has been security. New security measures were also needed in terms of international politics, and it was seen that the problem of cyber security, which has become an important concept of security in the discipline of international relations, has emerged. In this context, cyber security policies including defense systems have been started to be created in order to counter cyber threats. Within the scope of the study, Turkey's presence in cyberspace, how public services are provided in this area, and how it plans its studies on cyber security policies are examined. What Turkey has done on behalf of providing cyber security; policy, strategy and action plans and the research subject are limited. In order to reduce and eliminate cyber threats, structures that are important for Turkey's national cyber security strategy are given within the scope of the study. In this context, it has been emphasized how the National Cyber Incidents Response Center has an impact on cyber security strategy and being an instrument of influence in international politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies in the literature evaluate the existence of private sector organizations in public services as a result of neo-liberal policies. Although neoliberal policies, which had a strong impact on the global level in the 1980s, were influential in the prominence of private sector organizations in public services, it would not be a correct historical reading to position the roles of these institutions in public services with purely neo-liberal policies. As a matter of fact, the historical process for private sector organizations to take part in public services is based on a deep-rooted past. Incorrect reading of this historical background will cause the roles of private sector organizations in public services to be limited to a cyclical time frame. It is understood from the literature that the participation of the private sector in the provision of public services is not a choice but a necessary result of time, conditions and needs. The changes in the delivery methods of public services over time were applied as pragmatic methods within the conditions of the period in order to find solutions to the needs and conditions. For this reason, the study presents the processes of private sector organizations' involvement in public services with a chronology and offers researchers to evaluate the study from an unbiased perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Abant Social Sciences / Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Journal of Abant Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of PLANARCH - Design & Planning Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Amme Idaresi Dergisi is the property of Public Administration Institute for Turkey & the Middle East (TODAIE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Local governments are the points where citizens first come into contact with the state. For this reason, municipal governments that win local governments and display a successful administration can increase the public's belief in them so that the political parties can in turn be successful in the country's administration. One of the most important resources for local governments to be successful and provide better service to the public is their human capital. Better and more accurate management of human resources depends on the mayor authorized by the people and elected for 5 years, as well as the mayor's and the administration office's correct and proper decisions. In the present study, the reasons for the short tenure of the managers appointed in a metropolitan municipality between 2019 and 2022 were investigated and 12 attributes were determined as a result of extensive literature research. With the multiple attribute decision-making approach named DEMATEL, the influences between these 12 attributes were revealed and the significance of each attribute was calculated. According to the findings, several strategic leadership decision suggestions are made on the appointment of managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, structured into three sections, aims to examine municipal public services within the framework of good governance principles based on the decisions of the Ombudsman Institution (KDKs). After the first section explaining the activities of municipalities, as defined by the Constitution and laws and constitute public services, the meaning of good governance principles in the World and in Türkiye are explained. The final section includes a qualitative analysis. In this study, covering the years 2019-2023, a total of 362 decisions related to municipal services issued by the KDK were analyzed using the qualitative data analysis program called Maxqda Analytics Pro 2022. It has been observed that citizens primarily apply to the KDK regarding tax/payments, building registration/licenses, water, urban planning, roads, and infrastructure, among other subjects. It has been revealed that the overall compliance rate of administrations with good governance principles is higher than the non-compliance rate in the decisions issued based on these appeals. Additionally, administrations have largely adhered to principles such as "timely decision-making," "accountability," "transparency," "prompt notification of decisions," "reasoned decisions," and "compliance with laws." The weakest principle observed among administrations is the principle of "indication of avenues and deadlines for appeal against decisions." It has been determined that non-legally based values of good governance, such as honesty, courtesy, and adherence to justified expectations, are not followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of bāb Journal of FSMVU Faculty of Architecture & Design is the property of bab Journal of FSMVU Architecture & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyses the vulnerabilities, opportunities and urban resilience and social cohesion awareness that emerged in Adana province in the face of the mass migration movement towards Adana province after the civil war that started in Syria in 2011. In this respect, we will first try to make conceptual fixations on resilience awareness. After explaining the historical origin and evolution of the concept, we will address the issue of putting the issue on the agenda of our country and municipalities at the local level. Afterwards, we plan to make use of the Migration Master Plan prepared by Adana Metropolitan Municipality with the perspective of increasing urban resilience against migration and establishing resilience. Based on these points, we would like to summarize the study under three main headings. In the introduction section, we will try to reveal the political and historical background of the issue at the scale of Adana. In the first section, we will discuss the issue of urban resilience in the face of migration by making conceptual fixations. In the second section, we will try to understand the impact of Syrian migration on the city in Adana. In the third part, we will discuss the vulnerabilities and opportunities set out in the Migration Master Plan prepared by Adana Metropolitan Municipality and discuss the problems, targets and solution vision. The study will conclude with a general evaluation on the subject.

Globalization, which has become increasingly widespread and influential in various domains, continues to be a determining actor in the new world order and its fundamental foundations. The concept of public service and its relevant theories and developments in Turkish public administration have also been affected by this process. Turkish public administration, particularly influenced by the changes and transformations in developed countries and guided by global actors, has become integrated into the process of change and transformation in the field of governance. In this article, the conceptual framework related to public service is outlined, followed by information on liberalization, localization of services, privatization, and the new understanding of public service in the context of change and transformation. The final section of the article provides a brief evaluation of the most common modern management practices (Total Quality Management, Strategic Management, Performance Management, and Human Resources Management) observed in the process of public service in Turkish public administration shaped by this paradigm shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Çatalhöyük International Journal of Tourism & Social Research / Çatalhöyük Uluslararası Turizm ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi is the property of Catalhoyuk International Journal of Tourism & Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of MEMLEKET: Politics & Administration / Siyaset Yönetim is the property of Local Governments Research, Assistance & Education Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mutefekkir, Faculty of Islamic Sciences is the property of Aksaray University, Faculty of Islamic Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Business Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences / Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HAK İŞ International Journal of Labor & Society is the property of HAK-IS International Joumal of Labour & Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Policy Studies / Sosyal Politika Çalismalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Policy Studies / Sosyal Politika Calismalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Court of Accounts / Sayistay Dergisi is the property of Turkish Court of Accounts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi is the property of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Economic & Social Research is the property of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Public institutions make expropriation to provide service access to individuals in the fulfillment of public services. Due to the wide range of service areas and needs, an average of 50000 cases is filed annually in our country regarding expropriation. The appointment of lawyers assigned to represent public institutions in lawsuits without calculating the files' workload causes an unbalanced workload distribution among lawyers. Although the activities that constitute the workload of lawyers seem to be participating in hearings and discoveries, preparation of the case file, preparation for hearings and discovery findings to courthouses on the relevant days, preparation of petitions during the trial examination of the files are also among the workloads. These workloads are not taken into account in file assignments and cause an unbalanced distribution of lawyers' workloads. In this study, the problem of assigning the case files related to expropriation procedures in a public institution to lawyers is addressed. In the institution, 724 case files of three different types are opened in 15 different regions within one month, and six lawyers work in the institution. A goal programming model has been proposed to balance lawyers' workloads by calculating the cases' workloads. Preparation, trial, discovery, file review, and travel times were taken into account to estimate the files' workload. The proposed model can also be used in other public institutions and for assigning different case files. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the autonomy of the special provincial administrations, which are counted among the local governments in the constitution, was discussed, the dismissal of their duties in the metropolitan cities increased the debate even more. Although they could not ensure their independence from the center, the abolition of the special provincial administrations serving in rural areas caused the service to move away from the public. Within these discussions, the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of the special provincial administrations, which continue to work in 51 provinces, are more important. To increase the quality of the public service and for public organizations to work economically, efficiently, and effectively, the training and development of personnel are important as well as the recruitment of them according to their merits. The subject of the study is the practices of Elazig and Kars Special Provincial Administrations in training and developing human resources. Its purpose is to identify these practices, understand their quantity and quality, and see the general picture by making a comparison between special provincial administrations. The research is a case study conducted with a qualitative approach. The data of the research were obtained from structured face-to-face interviews with human resources officers in Elâzığ and Kars Special Provincial Administrations and were supported by documents obtained from the websites of the institutions. The qualitative data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. When the basic findings were evaluated, it was seen that the complex personnel structure of the special provincial administrations affects training and development negatively. While intensive training is not required for civil servants, more training is provided to workers. It can be said that while the organizations do not will enough about training, the development issue remains in the background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public legal personality is a concept on which the discipline of law still has not reached a consensus. The concept, which consists of the combination of individual and legal person elements in the legal system, has come to the fore with the modern state structure, but there are still discussions about its criteria. Many public services carried out by foundations in the pre-modern period became the services provided by the state with the modern state structure, and this service expansion and diversity necessitated the formation of different types of public legal entities. Legal entities are entities that are independent of the founding persons, which have rights and competencies similar to real persons. In the study, which was prepared by using the literature review, the development of the concept of public legal entity in the Ottoman state administration was tried to be discussed. It is clear that formation processes need to be examined in order to understand administration and institutional structures. In the study, which was prepared with the argument that it is important to determine the developments in the Ottoman Empire in order to understand the public legal personality, which is one of the administrative and legal concepts in the Republican period in Turkey, the developments related to the subject starting from the Tanzimat Period until the collapse of the state were tried to be revealed. It is understood that these structures, the infrastructure of which was prepared with the establishment of the modern state structure and almost the entirety of the 19th century, went through a preparatory process in a sense, although it is accepted that they existed in different forms before the modern period, they achieved their closest form to today's understanding thanks to the arrangements made at the beginning of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara Barosu Dergileri is the property of Ankara Bar Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the new public management approach, municipalities that provide public services to citizens should exhibit a customer-oriented approach like private companies. Today, problems in the personnel recruitment process, especially in service sectors, have detrimental impacts on organizations' competitive advantage. The recruitment process of the public transportation, which is one of the most important public services, is also critical. The main purpose of the importance is that the disruptions in the bus driver selection process can result in both casualties and financial losses. The main purpose of the study is to identify and weight the criteria that might be utilized in the recruitment of municipal bus drivers. 15 recruitment criteria based on the literature are weighted using AHP and SWARA methods by three experts who are responsible for the recruitment of bus drivers in Mersin Metropolitan Municipality. The outcomes of two methods are compared, as well as the weighting methods and consistency of the findings. The study is expected to contribute to the quantitative weighting of nonnumerical personnel selection factors, allowing firms to conduct more objective and accurate recruitment processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical environment is led by urban planning that envisages a social structure in peace and well-being and a sustainable environment. One of the most important means of representing urban planning to space is the land readjustment, which directly affects the success of its implementation.The problems experienced in practice have been simplified to free land deductions at the ratio of development readjustment share instead of a holistic approach, and since the application approach is based on area rather than value the ratio has continuously increased. Consequently, practices could not become successful, besides, the relationship between the urban planning steps could not be well established. In this study, the changes in land readjustment processes and the development readjustment shares have been examined. It is suggested to apply a value-based approach considering that, by transferring the increase in the value created by planning to the public during the implementation process, sufficient resources can be created for public services and social justice can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key indicator for the successful design of a healthy environment is that individuals living in the city can access public spaces and services, especially the disadvantaged, the elderly, children, pregnant women, disabled, baby carriages. In this study, the relationship of disadvantaged groups with the urban environment is grouped under three main headings. In the context of Urban Environment Quality and Comfort, in order to facilitate the adaptation of individuals to the urban environment, it is necessary to provide an environment with a convenient housing design, where their mobility is supported, compatible with the topography, safe, daily needs are met within walking distance. Within the framework of Public Transportation and Access, accessibility to all types of public spaces should be ensured by public transportation that are affordable, easy to use, safe and multiple options. Neighborhood and Social Relations, on the other hand, are possible if individuals live in an urban environment where participation in society and social activities is encouraged, and where they can see themselves as a part of the society. As a result, these factors can be accepted as the main keys to the active participation and integration of disadvantaged groups in social life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last 10 years, more than 3.5 million Syrian nationals came with a mass influx and are under temporary protection; more than 5 million foreigners currently live in Turkey when other foreigners with different statuses are added. In the study, people who come to Turkey are evaluated under the concept of "foreigner" without any discrimination in terms of their status. The originality that distinguishes the study from previous studies is that it extensively analyzes the services provided by municipalities in Turkey to all foreigners without narrowing it to any special status such as immigrants, irregular immigrants, asylum seekers. Although municipalities are administrative units designed for the needs of citizens, they inevitably provide services to foreigners living in cities. The main hypothesis of the research is that the services provided by the municipalities in Turkey vary according to the foreigner's status, nationality, socio-economic characteristics of the place where the city is located, and there is no specific standard. The secondary data are analyzed by content analysis method. To clarify the borders of services, 10 metropolitan and 11 metropolitan district municipalities are examined. From this point of view, a model proposal is developed to provide public services for foreigners in the urban area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raised in the city of Diyarbekir, Said Pasha was a multidimensional and prominent man of knowledge who has spent his life in government service and died at a relatively young age serving his country. In addition to his service records Said Pasha’s appoinments, transfer papers and official papers relating to his services are important documents that are living witnesses of his life and time. Some of these documents are significant confirmations to former knowledge provided by his son Süleyman Nazif about Said Pasha. In addition, Said Pasha’s genealogical tree in a document hand-written by himself will be one of the records presented in this study. We have obtained most of these documents from the Ottoman archive records of the Prime Ministry, and some of them from the handwritten notes of Said Pasha and found in various libraries. We hope that the available documents will help to enlighten many points related to the life and civil service of Said Pasha from Diyarbekir and to contribute to future studies. During his first retirement years, Said Pasha continued to be employed in state affairs temporarily to benefit from his experiences during his vacant time in his hometown of Diyarbekir. One of these temporary duties was during the rebellion of Osman and Hüseyin Beys, sons of Cizire Lord Bedirhan Pasha. After Said Pasha’s death, the process was initiated upon the application for the payment of a salary to his wife and children who did not reach the age of twenty, and the amount to be paid to the widow and orphans was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livable cities are cities that make efforts with all their local actors to improve the individual and social welfare of the local people. These actors, led by local administrations, can effectively offer local public goods and services that affect livability in a wide variety of fields, from health to education and from cultural services to infrastructure, in order to create livable cities. Improving the livability of a city with public goods and services, whether offered by local administrations or other local actors, creates some changes in terms of social, economic, demographic, and political effects on the city. One of these changes is the increase in immigration due to the city becoming a point of attraction. In his hypothesis, which is called “voting with the feet,” Charles Mills Tiebout states that under some assumptions, individuals will migrate to other regions to maximize their welfare. From this point of view, this study tested the effect of local expenditures and livability of cities on immigration in Türkiye. Panel data analysis was applied, including all provinces in Türkiye, and according to the findings, it was concluded that local expenditures and the livability of the cities affected the amount of migration in a statistically significant and positive way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Court of Accounts / Sayistay Dergisi is the property of Turkish Court of Accounts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Turkey, which is a patriarchal society, gender inequality affects the creation of the city and urban life practices, as it does in every area. Because cities are not created by considering the needs and demands of all inhabitants. But, in accordance with the 'urban right', every segment of the society should benefit from all urban services equally. However, women cannot use the cities as much as men, since the differences in the experience of women and men are not reflected in the legislation of the urban planning profession field and the analysis and application areas at all scales, and as a result, the city becomes service areas for women where they fulfill their gender roles. Therefore, as a science and profession, urban planning should develop approaches to prevent women from experiencing urban deprivation, to experience the city without limitations and to eliminate the problems of insecurity in the city. The most appropriate approach to this definition is the 'Women-Friendly City' approach, which supports women to take part in all areas of urban life on an equal basis with men, and ensures safe access to urban services. This text tries to propose a model within the scope of the safe city in order to contribute to the creation of the planning language of the women-friendly city. In this direction, the text aims to be a model by developing it on the one hand, on what data should be collected for such a study and how these data will be analyzed and evaluated in the case of Köyiçi Mahallesi, which was selected as a pilot area in Çiğli District of İzmir Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Court of Accounts / Sayistay Dergisi is the property of Turkish Court of Accounts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Hacettepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Economic & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urban public transportation is generally carried out on tire wheleed systems in developing countries. The most basic models in tire wheleed urban transportation operations are the equity model and the model in which certain components are purchased from the market. In Turkey, the duties, authorities and responsibilities of providing urban public transportation services rest with the municipalities. Municipalities have been in search of new models in recent years for reasons such as increasing personnel costs, rising fleet age and legal constraints in the operation of tire wheleed systems. In the study, basic models in urban public transportation with tire wheleed were examined. Afterwards, the details of the new models that have been tried to be implemented in Turkey in recent years and the results of their implementation are presented. As a result of the study, personnel belonging and high costs in basic models; competition, operational stability, payment performance, poor quality of maintance care and dissatisfaction of employees were found to be important in outsourcing models where services are obtained from the market. Passenger satisfaction, trip increase and increasing costs that the municipality has to bear are the highlights of the models based on the payment of support by the municipality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the opinions and anxiety levels of individuals undergoing before and after gastrointestinal endoscopy. Method: The sample of the study consisted of 220 individuals. Participants undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy evaluated by the researchers before and after the procedure. The data were collected with Personal Information Form, Beck Anxiety Scale, and Visual Analogue Scale. Results: It was found that 57.7% of the participants were female, and average age was 51.50 ± 15.67. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to 51.8% of the participants, lower gastrointestinal endoscopy to 40%, and both upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy to 8.2%. Before the under upper gastrointestinal endoscopy described as an frightening procedure by 20.9% of the participants, this rate was found to be 5% after the procedure. On the other hand, lower upper gastrointestinal endoscopy procedure described as an frightening procedure by 12.3% of the participants, this rate was found to be less than 1% after the procedure. The opinions about the procedure changed positively, showing a significant difference after the procedure (p<0.001). While the state of willing to be informed about the procedure affected the anxiety score before the procedure (p<0.05), being informed about the procedure did not affect the anxiety. Performing the procedure with sedation affects the anxiety score after the procedure (p<0.001). Conclusions: It may be recommended to disseminate public service advertisements, inform individuals with a structured education before the procedure, perform the procedures with sedation when appropriate, and perform the procedures of individuals undergoing both upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in a single staged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The official and private requests and denouncements sent to Sultan Abdulhamid II, who wanted to be instantaneously informed about all the incidents happening inland and outland, are remarkably important sources in the context of historical studies. The request, which constitutes the primary source of our study and was written by an imam in 1891 and submitted to the Sultan, was evaluated and discussed in this context. Apart from of the official perspective, providing an individual outlook to the incidents of that era and suggesting solutions were also considered valuable. In this request, the Sultan and the Government were not only informed about the important incidents that constituted the agenda of the era, but also solutions were presented for the problems such as the Jesuits and Protestants' missionary activities in Adana and its surroundings along with concerns about them, the problems faced by the Circassian immigrants during the resettlement, the responsibilities of public officials in the Armenian revolts, the reasons behind the Nusayri incidents, the epidemic Cholera, the problems caused by illiteracy of women, the allegations of indecent relations of the Adana governor, and the misconduct in public service. On the other hand, decontextualization and distortion of historical facts for ideological reasons is important in this context as it shows that the religious knowledge and skills of the society of the period are insufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the world population has increased by 4.4 times in the last century, water consumption has increased by about 7.3 times. The agricultural sector consumes approximately 70% of the world's water resources. The water demand of sectors such as industry, energy and municipal services is also increasing. The resulting competition means that other sectors demand a share of the water used by the agricultural sector. It is expected that the agricultural sector will be negatively affected by these developments, which contain new risks. Agriculture is also blamed for negative externalities such as excessive water use, water scarcity and environmental pollution. The main factors affecting the excessive and inefficient use of water in agriculture; producers do not have to pay the real cost of water and their misconceptions about irrigation. In this context, the perceptions of agricultural enterprises in the Harran Plain about irrigation were investigated. One-way analysis of variance was applied to the data obtained through face-to-face survey. The most striking result obtained from the research; 31.1% of producers have the perception that using more water will increase efficiency. Education and income independent variables are statistically significant (p<5%) in terms of the dependent variable "more water use increases efficiency". The results strengthen the opinion that agricultural enterprises tend to use excessive water and use water inefficiently. To the extent that water can be used efficiently in agriculture, the risks of other sectors regarding water supply will also decrease. Along with the training and extension activities for agricultural enterprises, the products that provide the highest added value from the unit water amount and the water-saving technologies should be extended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Academic Studies of Turkish-Islamic Civilization / Türk Islam Medeniyeti Akademik Arastirmalar Dergisi (Timad) is the property of Necmettin Erbakan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of MEMLEKET: Politics & Administration / Siyaset Yönetim is the property of Local Governments Research, Assistance & Education Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hacettepe Law Review is the property of Hacettepe Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Amme Idaresi Dergisi is the property of Public Administration Institute for Turkey & the Middle East (TODAIE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)