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Copyright of Akademik Hassasiyetler is the property of Huzeyfe Suleyman Arslan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ergonomics, which is the process of adapting the physical environment to the human, aims to prevent the wear and tear of employees due to excessive stresses and to maximize employee performance. For this purpose, it can be stated that ergonomics applications will provide positive benefits for both employee and employer and considering today's economic and social conditions, the importance of ergonomics in enterprises is increasing. In this study, a research has been carried out on the evaluation of the studies on ergonomics in manufacturing enterprises. In this context, studies on risk assessment methods in the field of ergonomics in manufacturing enterprises in the national literature were analyzed bibliometrically. During the determination of the studies, inquiries were made using the relevant keywords. As a result of the investigations, the research universe was evaluated according to the status of the research. In the analysis phase, answers were asked to what are the ergonomic factors in the studies, what methods are used in the evaluation of ergonomic risks, the frequency of use of methods, what are the applied sectors, and the distribution of the studies according to the years. As a result of the analyzes, suggestions were made for the researchers who focused on ergonomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sakarya University Journal of Law Faculty (SHD) is the property of Sakarya University Journal of Law Faculty (SHD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mülkiye Dergisi is the property of Mulkiye Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of MEMLEKET: Politics & Administration / Siyaset Yönetim is the property of Local Governments Research, Assistance & Education Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Health Academics / Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Health Academics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to new lifestyles and habits imposed in the last epidemic, employee relations have become very difficult and complex to manage in the workplace today. The weight of non-work factors is increasing gradually in ensuring the work-life balance of the employees. While this situation provides a suitable environment for the cynical tendencies of the employees, it also prepares the ground for the formation of a suitable organizational climate for organizational silence in the workplace. The aim of the study is to examine the relationships between organizational cynicism, organizational silence, presenteism and quit quitting in the context of a local government organization and to develop a measurement tool to measure quit quitting behaviour to be used in the study. The research is planned in a quantitative research design. The sample of the study consists of 250 graduates of higher education, employed by a local government organization. Organizational Cynicism Scale, Organizational Silence Scale, Stanford Presenteism Scale and Quit Quitting Scale are used as measurement tools. According to the results of the study, cynicism- organizational silence perceptions of employees have a positive and significant effect on quit quitting behaviour. The perception of organizational cynicism has a negative significant effect on presenteeism behaviour. There is no significant relationship between presenteism behaviour and quit quitting behaviour. The developed Quit Quitting Scale has high internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha 0,81) and construct validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi is the property of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Disciplines Economics & Administrative Scienves Studies is the property of International Journal of Disciplines in Economics & Administrative Sciences Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Antalya Bilim University Law Review is the property of Antalya International University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of PRAKSIS is the property of PRAKSIS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Community & Physician / Toplum ve Hekim is the property of Turk Tabipleri Birligi / Turkish Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to periodically examine the 100-year transformation of labor standards in the Republic of Turkey and to clarify the problems in the practice of labor standards. To observe the transformation of the industrial relations system formed by the transition from the Empire to the Republic, it is very important to examine the transformation in the working standards in the imperial period, the first years of the Republic, the transition to the globalization process and the following periods, to see the socio-cultural effects of the working standards. Working standards, which have shown positive development over time in the historical process since the Ottoman Empire period, have been experiencing negative developments with the effect of globalization as of the 1980s. This situation not only causes changes in industrial relations in the world but also draws developing countries into a race to the bottom in terms of labor standards. The Republic of Turkey has also become one of the actors in this race to the bottom after the 1990s and has started to use cheap labor as an advantage to attract foreign direct investments. Although it seems that Turkey has entered a rapid economic growth process since the 2000s, it is seen that the welfare achieved is not effective in increasing the working standards, and even the working standards have decreased with the sector (such as Construction) preferences. In this process, not only sector preferences but also external factors such as irregular migration have a significant impact. As a result of this study; As a result of the 100-year-old Republic of Turkey's transformation of its industrial relations policies in line with ILO conventions, possible developments in labor standards were discussed and space was opened for further policy discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Economic Research / Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi is the property of Sosyal Ekonomik Arastirmalar Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ÖZ: Bu çalışmanın amacı; çalışma standartlarının Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ndeki 100 yıllık dönüşümünün dönemsel olarak incelenmesi ve çalışma standartlarının uygulamadaki sorunlarının belirgin hale getirilmesidir. İmparatorluktan Cumhuriyete geçişle oluşan endüstri ilişkileri sisteminin dönüşümünün gözlemlenebilmesi için hatta imparatorluk dönemi, Cumhuriyetin ilk yılları ve küreselleşeme sürecine geçiş ve sonrası dönemlerinde çalışma standartlarındaki dönüşümün incelenmesi çalışma standartlarının sosyo-kültürel etkilerini de görmek açısından oldukça önemlidir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminden itibaren tarihsel süreç içerisinde zamanla olumlu gelişme gösteren çalışma standartları, 1980’li yıllar itibariyle küreselleşme olgusunun da etkisiyle birlikte olumsuz yönde gelişmeler yaşamaktadır. Bu durum dünyada endüstri ilişkilerinin değişmesine neden olduğu gibi gelişmekte olan ülkeleri de çalışma standartları konusunda dibe doğru bir yarışın içerisine çekmektedir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti de 1990’lı yılların sonrasında bu dibe doğru yarışın aktörlerinden birisi haline gelmiş ve ucuz emeği doğrudan yabancı yatırımları çekebilmek adına bir avantaj olarak kullanmaya başlamıştır. 2000’li yıllardan itibaren Türkiye hızlı bir ekonomik büyüme sürecine girmiş olduğu görünse de elde edilen refahın çalışma standartlarının arttırılması konusunda etkili olmadığı hatta yapılan sektör (İnşaat gibi) tercihleri ile birlikte çalışma standartların düştüğü görülmektedir. Bu süreçte sadece sektör tercihlerinin değiş düzensiz göç gibi dışsal faktörlerin de etkisi oldukça fazladır. Bu çalışma sonucunda; 100 yaşında olan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin endüstri ilişkileri ile ilgili politikalarını ILO sözleşmeleriyle uyumlu hale gelecek şekilde dönüştürmesi sonucunda çalışma standartlarındaki muhtemel gelişmeler tartışılmış ve sonraki politika tartışmaları için alan açılmıştır. ABSTRACT: This study aims to periodically examine the 100-year transformation of labor standards in the Republic of Turkey and to clarify the problems in the practice of labor standards. To observe the transformation of the industrial relations system formed by the transition from the Empire to the Republic, it is very important to examine the transformation in the working standards in the imperial period, the first years of the Republic, the transition to the globalization process and the following periods, to see the socio-cultural effects of the working standards. Working standards, which have shown positive development over time in the historical process since the Ottoman Empire period, have been experiencing negative developments with the effect of globalization as of the 1980s. This situation not only causes changes in industrial relations in the world but also draws developing countries into a race to the bottom in terms of labor standards. The Republic of Turkey has also become one of the actors in this race to the bottom after the 1990s and has started to use cheap labor as an advantage to attract foreign direct investments. Although it seems that Turkey has entered a rapid economic growth process since the 2000s, it is seen that the welfare achieved is not effective in increasing the working standards, and even the working standards have decreased with the sector (such as Construction) preferences. In this process, not only sector preferences but also external factors such as irregular migration have a significant impact. As a result of this study; As a result of the 100-year-old Republic of Turkey's transformation of its industrial relations policies in line with ILO conventions, possible developments in labor standards were discussed and space was opened for further policy discussions.

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iş, Güç: The Journal of Industrial Relations & Human Resources is the property of Is, Guc: The Journal of Industrial Relations & Human Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economic & Administrative Approach (JEAA) is the property of Journal of Economic & Administrative Approach (JEAA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Conference Journal of Social Policy / Sosyal Siyaset Konferanslar Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Policy Conferences/Sosyal Siyaset Konferanslar Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sakarya University Graduate School of Business Journal (SAUGSB-J)Sakarya Üniversitesi İşletme Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Sakarya University Journal of Business Administration Institute (SAUIED) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Different studies have been carried out on urbanization, which can be defined as the process of proliferation or horizontal development of cities. Geographers have studied urbanization especially at the country level or periodically. This study focuses mostly on the naming of periods. While doing this, the socio-spatial dynamics of urbanization are taken into account. The literature method was used in the study. In studies that are mostly handled in three periods in Turkey, the urbanization of the nation-state, the urbanization of labor and the urbanization of capital are named. In this study, additional denominations are made due to the spatial characteristics that emerge in each period. The first period can also be called the urbanization of Ankara and the urbanization with monumental squares. This is followed by the period of urbanization of labor. This period, in which urbanizm did not occur, was a period of urbanization with minibus, hawker shops, shanty houses and apartments. Recently, the socio-spatial characteristics of urbanization have been increasing. Many names can be made during this period. It is possible to call this period of global urbanization or capital urbanization, in different ways, as geted socialization, gentrification, rural gentrification (escape from big cities, rural urbanization), new poverty, new wealth, whole urbanization, new regionalization, cultural urbanization and refugee urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's dynamic business world, knowledge is the most important organizational resource that contributes to an organization's sustainable competitive advantage. However, knowledge can only be used by the organization as long as employees are willing to share it. Knowledge sharing is a continuous and complex process of interaction between at least two parties. It can be viewed as a reciprocal process based on a psychological contract filled with mutual obligations that sets the terms and conditions of the employment relationship between employees and employers or organizations. The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of psychological contract types on knowledge sharing. Based on previous work, the psychological contract has been discussed in two basic dimensions as relational and transactional psychological contract. relational and operational psychological contracts. Knowledge sharing was examined in one dimension For this research, data were collected from 320 academicians working in Gaziantep University by survey method. The obtained data were evaluated with multiple regression analysis. The findings of the research shows that transactional psychological contract has a significant negative effect on knowledge sharing, but relational psychological contract has a significant positive effect on knowledge sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Security / SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Security / SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Artificial Intelligence and automation are some of the most defining elements of the XXI century, whose significant imprint is manifested in society and social relations. Digital development is transforming the world of work - this thesis is the starting point of many kinds of research. This principle is also the basic premise of the present study, as it transforms working and employment conditions to develop and spread digital technologies, resulting in an untraceable process. As the maker of individual decisions, artificial intelligence can create a new context in labour law. The study aims to examine the labour law entity of artificial intelligence, outlining the Asian and European distribution of reactions to the introduction of automatic decision-making and the impact of MI on industrial relations. The outstanding importance of the topic is also shown by the fact that numerous studies deal with examining legal personality outside labour law.

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The union and the rights and freedoms attached to it are an important legal institution to protect the rights of the working class, which is in a weak position against the capital owner employer. It is the formation of a tripartite industrial relationship of the union as worker, employer and state. This relationship varies depending on the unique cultural and traditional structures of each country and the conditions of the period. With the development of industrial relations, trade unions have become the most important non-governmental organizations in legal systems. The union defines the organization that comes together to protect and develop its interests in the context of work, earnings and social values in its relationship with the worker/employer and the state. The changing working style and conditions with the industrial revolution have brought about some conflicts in the process of adaptation to the new order. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the legal nature of trade union rights envisaged in the 1982 Constitution. This article examines the past and current legal developments of trade union rights in Turkey and compares the relevant legislation and current practices with European standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Management & Economics Research is the property of Journal of Management & Economics Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Covid-19 pandemic has created a great transformation in business life and created a new working order. With the pandemic, activities of enterprises were interrupted and there were layoffs. The governments of many states have imposed dismissal bans, but this time employees were either put on unpaid leave or had to live with little support. Consequently, the financial situation of individuals deteriorated. Additionly, many businesses have switched to the remote working model with the pandemic. Whereby, it is possible that the work-life balance and social relations of the employees will be damaged. With this research, relations between the social isolation levels, work-life balances and financial anxiety levels of the healthcare workers were examined. It was tried to determine whether the work-life balance, financial anxiety levels and social isolation levels of the healthcare workers before and after the Covid-19 pandemic showed a significant difference. Thus, it was aimed to determine the current situation by revealing the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers. Hereby, it's observed that the social isolation levels and financial anxiety levels of healthcare workers in the post Covid-19 pandemic situation are significantly higher than before the Covid-19 pandemic, while the average of work-life balance is significantly lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication continues to exist in all areas of life from past to present. Cultural transfers of societies are also realized through communication. The dimensions of communication take place both in everyday areas of life and in educational institutions. In this study, the forms of communication in universities that build the present and future of societies are discussed in the context of public relations. Within the framework of the study, the functionality of public relations units in both state and private universities in Turkey was evaluated within the framework of James Grunig's theory of excellence. Since the universe of the research is quite large, the limits of the research were determined by quota sampling and data were collected from both the managers and the employees in the public relations units of the universities by qualitative and quantitative methods. With this application, it is aimed to reveal the function of Grunig's theory of excellence, which is applicable to all institutions in the field of public relations, in the public relations units of Turkish universities. The data obtained from the study, on the other hand, has been reached that most of the Turkish universities apply Grunig's theory, but they do not consciously maintain their functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automotive sector is closely related to many sectors such as glass, electrical-electronics, iron-steel, paint and weaving (textile). It creates wide business opportunities both in these sectors and in sectors such as marketing, service, fuel-oil, finance and insurance. On the other hand, all these are directly related to the demand side of the market. Analysis of the demand side provides important data for the predictions of the actors in the sector. This study was conducted to determine the effect of demographic factors on the automobile demand of teachers working in Rize. Logit model estimation was carried out with the data obtained from 400 online questionnaires. According to the estimation results; It has been determined that there is a negative relationship between age (41-51), type of school (primary education), time spent in the profession (1-10 years), quality of residence (rent) and automobile ownership. In addition, it was concluded that there is a positive relationship between the employment status of the spouse, the number of individuals in the family, and the existence of individuals under the age of 18 in the family and automobile ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hacettepe Law Review is the property of Hacettepe Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kastamonu University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty / Kastamonu Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Kastamonu University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Antalya Bilim University Law Review is the property of Antalya International University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Antalya Bilim University Law Review is the property of Antalya International University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Banks use different analysis methods to measure their relative efficiency in the market they are in, under intense competitive conditions. When the literature is examined, it is seen that two approaches used by banks in efficiency measurement stand out. The first is the mediation approach that evaluates the bank’s liabilities as inputs and assets as outputs. The second is the production-oriented approach. In this approach, the efficiency of branches is measured. Capital and labor considered as input, number of deposits and credit accounts are considered as output. In this study, Data Envelopment Analysis, which is one of the methods used in measuring the effectiveness of decision units with multiple input and multiple output variables, have been examined. Using this method, efficiency of the banks assuming an active role in the card payment system in Turkey measured considering data from 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the function of unemployment compensation in the life of the unemployed, which they are paid in case of having the required qualifications stated in Unemployment Insurance Law. The scope of this case study, which is made in January 2020, is a group of citizens who are paid unemployment compensation in the central district of Muş province. Within the study, interviews are made with 14 persons via semi-structured interview form. By this questionnaire, it has been stated that the unemployed have not had any difficulty in accessing the unemployment compensation, that they disclaimed receiving the compensation in case of finding a new job and particularly that the self-reliance of women is affected positively when they are included in business life. This study is specific to Muş province and made with the unemployed workers who are paid unemployment compensation; but it is of vital importance to make a similar study with the employers in order to determine their perspective of unemployment compensation and make the industrial relations go more productive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history, mines have occupied an important place for the Ottoman State as well as for every state. For the Ottoman Empire, the importance and value of coal mines among these mines increased with the industrial revolution. As a matter of fact, coal mines were used as fuel for the most important inventions of the era, such as steamships and trains. However, the operation of coal mines depends on labor and capital power. In this respect, the Ottoman State sometimes connected the places around the mine to the region where the mine was extracted to form financial units in order to operate the mines more actively, and sometimes transformed the region where the mine was located into an administratively independent unit. In this way, both labor power was taken care of and bureaucratic convenience was tried to be provided in mineral extraction. In this study, the reason why Ereğli Coal Mine was turned into a sanjak will be discussed, especially within the framework of archival sources, due to the income it provides to the state and its contributions to industry and other branches. Thus, it will be revealed that financial units have an important place in the determination of the Ottoman administrative structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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