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Copyright of Kastamonu University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty / Kastamonu Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Kastamonu University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bingol University Journal of Economics & Administrative Science is the property of Bingol University Journal of Economics & Administrative Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Industrialization in Türkiye began with state support shortly after the establishment of the Republic. The subsequent Second World War had a detrimental effect on both the economy and industrial sector. After 1980, the Turkish economy began to undergo trade liberalization due to the increased pace of globalization. Globalization has led to the emergence of urbanization and industrialization, resulting in a new economic understanding. With the onset of urbanization and industrialization, environmental destruction has increased. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization on the ecological footprint in Türkiye with Hatemi-J (2012) asymmetric causality analysis for the period 1968-2022. For this reason, a unit root test, appropriate lag length, cointegration, and causality test were performed in the research. Based on the findings of the causality test, it was determined that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and industrialization, economic growth and ecological footprint, urbanization and economic growth, urbanization and ecological footprint, and industrialization and urbanization in Türkiye during the analyzed period. In this context, environmentally friendly production practices should be supported in industrialization. In Türkiye, practices should also be implemented to provide solutions to the problem of unplanned urbanization in big cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ekonomik büyüme, ülke ekonomisinin üretim hacmindeki uzun vadeli genişleme şeklinde tanımlanabilmektedir. Ekonomik büyüme kavramı tarih boyunca farklı faktörler ile birlikte incelenmiştir. Bu faktörlerden birisi de sanayileşmedir. Sanayi sektörü ekonomilerin kalkınma ve büyümeleri bakımından en önemli sektörlerden bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de sanayileşmenin ekonomik büyümeye etkileri 1968-2022 dönemi yıllık verileri kullanılarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sanayileşme tarihsel süreçte kalkınma ve ekonomik büyümenin gelişmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Sanayi sektörü istihdam ve üretimi gerçekleştirilen malların ihraç edilmesine katkı sağlayarak büyümenin artmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Sanayi sektörünün GSMH içerisinde meydana getirebileceği pozitif yansımalar ekonomik büyümenin artmasına katkı sağlayabilecek bi diğer unsurdur. Bu nedenle Türkiye için yapılan bu çalışmada sanayileşmenin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri ARDL sınır testi ekonometrik yöntemi ile uygulamalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, sanayileşme ile ekonomik büyüme arasında kısa ve uzun dönemde istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Bu bağlamda ele alınan yıllar içerisinde, ekonomik büyümeye sanayileşmenin kısa ve uzun dönemde katkı sağladığını söylemek mümkündür.

Copyright of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kultur Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute / Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sanayi Devrimi’nin yarattığı değişime uyum sağlamaya çalışan Osmanlı devleti sanayileşme hamlesini gerçekleştirmek için pek çok iktisadi politika uygulamıştır. Bunlardan ilki fabrikalaşma sürecidir. Tanzimat dönemi ile önem kazanan fabrikalaşma beraberinde yeni bir sorunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Fabrika sayısının artışı karşısında istihdam edilecek kalifiye eleman bulunmak zorlaşmıştır. Devlet bu sorunu çözmek için mesleki ve teknik okulların açılmasını ve bu okullarda kalifiye eleman yetiştirilmesini amaçlamıştır. Ülkenin çeşitli bölgelerinde kısa süre içinde Islahhaneler, Sanayi Mektepleri, Kız Sanayi Mektepleri ve Ziraat Mektepleri açılmıştır. Bu mekteplerden beklenen yararın sağlanması için devlet önlemler almış, mekteplerin düzenli gelir elde etmelerini sağlamak amacıyla çeşitli düzenlemeler yapmıştır. Bu mekteplerin bazıları günümüzde ülkemizin köklü eğitim kurumlarının temeli sayılmaktadır. Çalışmada Osmanlı Devleti’nde kritik bir sorun olan nitelikli işgücü istihdamı sorununu çözmeye yönelik olarak açılan Sanayi Mektepleri’nin iktisadi katkıları incelenmiştir.

The determination of technological competence and sectoral road maps in terms of establishing and strengthening industrial infrastructure, enhancing production flexibility, promoting qualified human capital and innovation through the creation of an R&D ecosystem, and achieving a strong structure based on high-value-added exports play significant roles for the growth and development strategies of developing countries. However, for achieving all these goals requires the presence of resourceefficient production processes supported by environmentally friendly technologies and circular designs are of quite crucial for the construction of national policies particularly for the combat against global climate change at the global scale and for the developed countries, including China and EU member states. In this regard, it is thought that the aforementioned transformation and “growth with a low-carbon economic model” are required among the steps to be taken in the 100th year of the Republic. In this context expanded STIRPAT model is employed in the study. By adding the variables such as trade openness, energy consumption and industrialization to the main variables of model, namely population, welfare and technology, a more comprehensive framework is aimed to be presented for Turkey in the attainment of a low-carbon economy. In the study, data for the 1990-2020 period is utilized and are tested with ARDL bounds test. According to the results, in the long run, an increase in per capita income, trade openness, and energy consumption leads to higher carbon emissions. Additionally, the deviation from a short-term equilibrium will improve after 1.14 years and converge to the long-term equilibrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the long-term effect of economic growth, globalization, financial development, and industrialization on the load capacity factor (LCF) in Turkey. In addition, the study examined whether the load capacity curve (LCC) hypothesis is valid. For this purpose, annual data from 1970-2018 were used. Fourier ADF unit root test, Bayer-Hanck cointegration test, Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS), and Dynamic Least Squares (DOLS) techniques were used to analyze the data. Accordingly, when the results of the cointegration test were examined, it was determined that there was long-term cointegration between the series. Findings from FMOLS and DOLS approaches show that there is a U-shaped relationship between economic growth and LCF and reveal the existence of the LCC hypothesis for Turkey. In other words, the increase in per capita income harms environmental sustainability at the beginning but contributes to the improvement of environmental sustainability after a certain level is exceeded. However, it has been concluded that although globalization and financial development reduce the environmental quality, industrialization increases it. Therefore, globalization and finance policies can be adopted to encourage environmentally friendly practices can be adopted in order to ensure environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Business Administration & Social Studies is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bartin University Journal of Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Bartin University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economic & Social Research (2148-1407) is the property of Journal of Economic & Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

1929 Dünya İktisadi Buhranının etkilerinin dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye'de de yaygınlaşması piyasa ekonomisine olan güveni sarsmış ve birçok ülkede devlet müdahaleciliğinin planlı bir şekilde yürütülmesi fikrini tartışmaya açmıştı. Türkiye'de 1929 Dünya İktisadi Buhranından sonra planlı ekonomiye geçen ülkelerden birisi olmuş ve bu çerçevede birçok fabrika kurmuştur. Sümerbank Ereğli Bez Fabrikası da Birinci Beş Yıllık Sanayi Planı çerçevesinde kurulması kararlaştırılarak 20 Ekim 1934'te temeli atılan fabrikalardan bir tanesidir. Fabrikanın diğer pamuklu dokuma fabrikalarına göre daha ince dokuma üretmesi öngörülmüştür. Plan ve projeleri Sümerbank Fen Heyeti tarafından hazırlanan fabrika bu yönüyle Türk mühendislerinin bir eseri olma özelliğini de taşımaktadır. Kazan ve elektrik tesisatı dışındaki tüm makine aksamı Almanya'dan temin edilerek monte edilmiştir. İnşaat ve montaj işleri 1936 yaz sonuna doğru bitmiş, deneme çalışmalarının ardından 4 Nisan 1937'de açılışı yapılarak üretime başlamıştır. Fabrika, diğer Kamu İktisadi Teşekkülleri gibi en parlak dönemini 1950'li yıllarda yaşamıştır. 1987 yılında özelleştirme kapsamına alınmış 1997 yılında da Albayrak Tekstil tarafından satın alınarak adı Albayrak Tekstil olarak değiştirilmiştir. Sümerbank Ereğli Pamuklu Dokuma Fabrikası, ilçenin nüfusunun artması ve şehrin gelişiminde önemli rol oynamıştır. Fabrika, sosyal tesisleri, okulu ve lojmanları ile çevresi için sosyal ve kültürel değişimin öncülüğünü yapmıştır. Memur ve işçi konutlarının içindeki yeşil alanlar ise, Ereğli ve çevresi için önemli bir kentsel peyzaj örneği olmuştur. Yapılış amacı, ekonomik ve sosyal işlevi, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin ulus-devlet oluşturma çabalarıyla doğrudan ilgilidir. Bundan dolayı tesis, sadece Ereğli merkezli değil, o dönemde oluşturulmaya çalışılan modern Türkiye hakkında genel bilgi vermesi bakımından da önem taşımaktadır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why were Christian democratic unions (CDUs) among workers and farmers more proactive in some Western European states than in others? Marxist theories explain union activity by industrialization. However, CDUs were not the most active in the late 19th century in rapidly industrializing states, e.g., Italy and Germany. Using social identity theory and Lipset’s Rokkan’s cleavage theory, this paper conducts process tracing on the German, French, Italian, Dutch, and Belgian cases to test the following argument: CDUs were more likely to develop in states where anticlerical attacks unleashed a center-periphery conflict. CDUs are less likely to expand in states where anticlerical attacks precipitated a church-state conflict. The presence of a Catholic minority moderated this relationship. In the Protestant-dominant states, Catholicism allowed for mobilizing individuals and maintaining cohesion. The Lutheran states’ hostility toward Catholic activism and the regional concentration of the minority accentuated this denominational difference, which catalyzed CDU development.

Copyright of Journal of Communication Theory & Research / Iletisim Kuram ve Arastirma Dergisi is the property of Gazi University, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erciyes Akademi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the study, it is aimed to determine under the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis whether the newly industrialized countries, which need high output in order to gain competitive advantage, provide their economic development by considering environmental policies. For this purpose, the hypothesis was tested with panel data analysis for the years 1980-2021. In the study, CADF unit root, Westerlund cointegration and Augmented Mean Group Estimator (AMG) tests were used. According to the obtained findings, although it is observed that there is a long-term relationship between the variables, it has been determined that the increase in per capita income in Brazil and Turkey reduces carbon emissions. In Mexico and the Philippines, it has been observed that increases in income and per capita income, respectively, increase carbon dioxide emissions. Although there is no statistical significance in terms of income per capita for the panel in general within the scope of newly industrialized countries that have not yet completed their development, it has been determined that increases in income used as a control variable increase CO2 emissions. The results show that the environmental Kuznets curve, which states that increases in per capita income first increase environmental pollution and then decrease it, is valid only in Brazil and Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the labour shortage in urban centres due to the mechanisation and rapid industrialisation in rural area the most significant migration situation was seen in Turkey in the 1950s. With the migrations to the big cities, migrant groupsbuilt shelters with one or two rooms, secretly, and mostly overnight, on public or private lands, without obtaining a building permit, to solve the housing problem. These structures were added to the silhouettes of cities over time and took their place in social life as 'squatter'. Families who migrated to the city maintained their traditional gender perception and roles, which are evident in rural areas, in squatters. The study aims to understand the view of marriage, divorce and patriarchy among women living in squatters and to reveal the factors affecting this view. In this context, face-to-face interviews were conducted with a total of 21 female participants between the ages of 18-65 living in the Eşrefpaşa neighbourhood in İzmir. As a result of the analyses, the understanding of marriage, divorce and patriarchy of women living in squatters was examined over four different main categories which are life before marriage, reasons for marriage, divorce, and patriarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education (INUJFE) is the property of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Entrepreneurship & Development / Girisimcilik ve Kalkinma Dergisi is the property of Journal of Entrepreneurship & Development / Girisimcilik ve Kalkinma Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Marmara University Journal of Turkology / Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Marmara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Republic represents a total change beyond regime changing for Turkey. In addition to ensure economic independence for a modern country, it was aimed to make some innovations on the mindset of the society and cultural life. Exemplary production and living spaces have been created in order to make the targeted innovations a part of life rather than explain or legalize them to the public. Explaining the founding philosophies of the industrial facilities established for this purpose in the first years of the Republic and their effects on the society constitutes the main purpose of the study. In the study in which the data obtained by field studies and document analysis method were used, the subject was discussed in nine factory samples consisting of foreign capital, private sector and state formations. In addition to their production facilities, factories were designed as school that would contribute to the national economy and would be a symbol of modern life with its modern residences, school, cinema, sports fields, conference halls, entertainment facilities. It has been determined that these factories, which had been designed as social change projects in order to spread the culture of the republic, created model industrial cities by creating significant changes in the social and economic life of the communities where they were established.

With the development of industrialization, steel structures in our country, especially industrial structures, light housing structures, bazaar, car parks etc. have been widely used in the fields. In the use of lightweight and easily available box sections, undesirable local buckling problems occur especially in the joint areas. Especially when the dimensions of the joined box sections are different, the narrow section causes local buckling on the large section surface. In the study, the results of the box-section column-beam joint, which were experimentally analyzed in the literature, were verified using the ABAQUS program. Using verified numerical models; the number of models has been increased by using details with joint zone plate, side wrap plate and stiffening plate. By using the ABAQUS program, models with different joint details were analyzed under bending moment and the system behavior was tried to be determined. In the analyses made, it was seen that the most effective result was the case with the stiffening plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics, Business, Politics, & International Relations (JEBPIR) / Ekonomi Işletme Siyaset ve Uluslararsi Ilişkiler Dergisi (JEBPIR) is the property of Ekonomi Isletme Siyaset ve Uluslararsi Iliskiler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Administrative Sciences / Yonetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi, Terzioglu Kampusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the principle of 'laissez faire' is maintained in the global system today, a debate on economic protectionism is also on the rise worldwide. Protectionism is related to especially trade; but also it is involved in national discourses and practices in terms of monetary, labour, industrialization, and so on. Transnational corporations are also influenced from this process. However, they make their rational decisions independently from national policies: These corporations expect that the principle of laissez faire is maintained, they work within post-Fordist organizations, they instrumentalize culture and politics for their interests. Turkish corporations also act in the transnational context and work with transnational corporations. But Turkish corporations cannot transnationalize because of the fact that they expect state support, the fact that they cannot develop innovative strategies, the fact that they act locally rather than globally, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The union and the rights and freedoms attached to it are an important legal institution to protect the rights of the working class, which is in a weak position against the capital owner employer. It is the formation of a tripartite industrial relationship of the union as worker, employer and state. This relationship varies depending on the unique cultural and traditional structures of each country and the conditions of the period. With the development of industrial relations, trade unions have become the most important non-governmental organizations in legal systems. The union defines the organization that comes together to protect and develop its interests in the context of work, earnings and social values in its relationship with the worker/employer and the state. The changing working style and conditions with the industrial revolution have brought about some conflicts in the process of adaptation to the new order. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the legal nature of trade union rights envisaged in the 1982 Constitution. This article examines the past and current legal developments of trade union rights in Turkey and compares the relevant legislation and current practices with European standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Administrative Sciences / Yonetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi, Terzioglu Kampusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bu çalışmada gelir, enerji tüketimi ve finansal kalkınma gibi kontrol değişkenlerinin yanında küreselleşme, küreselleşmenin alt-göstergeleri (iktisadi, ticari ve finansal küreselleşme), sanayileşme ve şehirleşmenin Türkiye’deki Ekolojik Ayak İzi’ni (EAİ) nasıl etkilediği, genişletilmiş otoregresif dağıtılmış gecikme (genişletilmiş ARDL) sınır testi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. 1980-2016 dönemini temel alan bu çalışmanın sonucunda elde edilen bulgular şunlardır: (i) Türkiye’de EAİ için çevresel Kuznets eğrisi hipotezi (ÇKEH) geçerli değildir, (ii) enerji tüketimi, EAİ’yi kısa dönemde arttırmaktadır, (iii) sanayileşme ve şehirleşme, çevresel bozulmayı arttırmaktadır, (iv) küreselleşmenin yanında iktisadi, ticari ve finansal küreselleşme de uzun dönemde EAİ’yi azaltmaktadır, (v) kısa dönemde finansal kalkınma, EAİ’yi arttırmaktadır. Bu bulgular çerçevesinde alternatif politika önerileri sunulmuştur.

The article analyzes the relationship between the measures of the new economic policy and social processes in the Crimean ASSR. The NEP of 1920 was supposed not only to destroy economy, but also to form a national proletariat in the republic. The Crimean Tatars were supposed to become a social base for supporting the transformations of the Bolshevics. In the Crimean cities, unlike the industrial regions of the RSFSR, there was no proletariat. NEP formed it. Despite of the beginning of the industrialization policy, a radical change in the methods of economic regulation, this task was embodied in the 1990s as well.

Copyright of Alternative Politics / Alternatif Politika is the property of Alternatif Politika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of TYB Akademi Dil Edebiyat & Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Yazarlar Birligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences / Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Geographical Sciences / Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Cografi Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alternative Politics / Alternatif Politika is the property of Alternatif Politika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Öz: Liberal iktisat düşüncesine dair ilk eleştiriler 1870 senesinde dönemin gazetelerinde görülmüş ve ülkenin sanayileşmesi gerektiği belirtilmiştir. 1880’lerde ise ülkenin sanayileşmesive sanayisini koruması için gümrük oranlarını artırılması güçlü bir şekilde dönemin basınında dillendirilmiştir. Ülkede himaye düşüncesinin ilk defa sistemli olarak dillendiren Ahmet Mithat Efendi’dir. Ahmet Mithat ülkenin sanayileşmesinin liberal iktisatdüşüncesinin uygulanmasıyla gerçekleşmeyeceğini ve bu düşüncenin ancak belli bir oranda sanayisi gelişmiş ülkeler arasında uygulanacağını belirtmiştir. Bu nedenle Osmanlı’nın sanayisini himaye etmesi gerektiğini savunmuştur. 1880 senesinde Ahmet Mithat’ınTercüman-ı Hakikat’ta başlattığı himaye düşüncesi ve sanayileşme politikalarını dönemin süreli yayınları da destek çıkmıştır. Bu gazeteler ülkenin iktisadi kalkınması için sanayileşmenin önemli olduğunu vurgulamış ve sanayinin gelişmesi için de devletin koruyucu tedbirler uygulamasını istemiştir. Abstract: The first criticisms about the idea of liberal economics were seen in the newspapers of the period in 1870 and it was stated that the country should be industrialized. In the 1880s, the country's industrialization and increasing the customs rates to protect its industry were strongly expressed in the press. Ahmet Mithat Efendi, who systematically expressed the idea of patronage in the country for the first time. Ahmet Mithat stated that the industrialization of the country would not take place with the application of liberal economic thought and that this idea would only be applied to developed countries. For this reason, he advocated the protection of the Ottoman industry. In 1880, Ahmet Mithat initiated the dönem Interpretation of Truth politik and the periodical periodicals of industrialization policies were supported. These newspapers emphasized the importance of industrialization for the country's economic development and demanded that the state implement protective measures for the development of industry.

Copyright of Journal of Aksaray University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Aksaray Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Aksaray University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of TUBA-KED: Turkish Academy of Sciences, Journal of Cultural Inventory is the property of Turkish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yedi is the property of YEDI (Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Guzel Sanatlar Fakultesi Yayini) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ekonomik Yaklaşim is the property of Ekonomik Yaklasim Dernegi (Ekonomik Yaklasim Association) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Iron and steel production is one of the important indicators in the country's economies. Developments in this sector, which contribute greatly to industrial development, have effective consequences for the country's production, prosperity and employment. In particular, the importance of the iron and steel sector, which provides continuity on the production sector and gives momentum to the development of the real economy, is increasing day by day. In this study, it was aimed to examine the financial performance of four iron and steel production companies covered by the BIST Base Metal index (xmana) between 2011 and 2019 as a multi-criteria decisionmaking problem. The Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method, one of the multi-criteria decision making methods, was used in performance analysis. Seven financial ratios (cost and profitability ratios) for the years 2011-2019 of the companies in iron and steel sector have been determined as criteria. The criteria were translated into a single score by using the GRA method and performance rankings for each year were made. As a result of the study, the most successful companies in terms of performance were EREGL in 2011 and 2013, KRDM in 2012 and ISDMR in 2014-2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]