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This study was planned to create an alternative use for orange peel, which is one of the most important fruit wastes within the scope of waste utilization. In the study, firstly, orange peel extracts were prepared by ultrasonic assisted extraction using different types of deep eutectic solvents in the green solvent category that can be alternative to organic solvents and the bioactive compound contents of these extracts were evaluated. As a result, it was determined that deep eutectic solvents were statistically effective in providing the highest total flavonoid compound and antioxidant activity values. In addition, when the individual phenolic compound profile was examined, the most dominant component was hesperidin and the highest value was reached with choline chloride:glycerol (1:2) combination. In conclusion, it was determined that deep eutectic solvents can be an alternative to organic solvents in the extraction of phytochemical compounds from orange peel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While olive fruit has been processed and consumed as food in different ways for centuries; Its leaves are also used for their therapeutic effects. Today, olive leaf, which has been the subject of many studies in terms of its health benefits, is most commonly consumed as tea. In this study, particle size and different infusion temperatures were used to determine some physical properties of infused tea, total phenolic substance (Folin-Ciocalteu method) and flavonoid amount, antioxidant capacity (ABTS•+, DPPH, FRAP) and its effects on sensory properties were investigated. Particle size and infusion methods had a statistically significant effect on all analyzed properties (p<0.01). It has been determined that grinding olive leaves increases the L* and b* values and decreases the a* value in the infusion. It was determined that the total phenolic substance amounts of infused teas varied between 128.87 and 58.04 mg GAE/L, and the total flavonoid substance amount was highest in hot infused tea (491.54 mg QE/L). It has been determined that teas infused from ground leaves have higher antioxidant activity than those infused whole. In sensory evaluation, it was determined that the overall acceptability of teas infused from whole leaves on ice and at room temperature was highest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the nutritional value of walnut leaves (Juglans regia), investigate the content of major polyphenolic compounds in walnut leaves, and assess the potential of walnut leaves as a phytogenic supplement to poultry diets. The nutritional composition of dried ground walnut leaves (crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin E, b-carotene) was assessed according to generally accepted methods. The quantitative content of individual groups of polyphenols, such as total phenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and juglon, was determined spectrophotometrically. The content of the sum of tannins was determined by the titrimetric method. Walnut leaves contain a high content of b-carotene (295.0 μg/g) and natural antioxidant vitamin E (128.8 μg/g). The protein content was noted at the level of 12.5%, the fiber content - 12.86%. In a significant amount, calcium and phosphorus accumulated in walnut leaves - 2.04% and 0.23%, respectively. The content of the total hydroxycoric acids in terms of chlorogenic acid in walnut leaves was 24.3 mg/g, the total content of phenolic compounds in gallic acid equivalent was 14.4 mg/g, flavonoids in rutin equivalent was 20.2 mg/g, and juglone was 2.72 mg/g. The content of total tannins in walnut leaves was 124.5 mg/g. The high nutritional value of walnut leaves compared to alfalfa meal and the presence of a number of biologically active polyphenolic compounds in a significant amount give grounds to consider this phyto-raw material not only as a valuable feed component, but also as a source of natural antioxidants.

Copyright of Food & Health (2602-2834) is the property of Scientific Web Journals (SWJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Proximate and bioactive compounds (total phenolic, flavonoid, chlorophyll-a and total carotenoid contents) of three brown seaweeds (Dictyota dichotoma, Padina pavonica, Stypopodium schimperi) and a red seaweed (Jania rubens) from the north-eastern Mediterranean Sea (İskenderun Bay) were investigated seasonally at three sampling sites. Seasonal variations were found for all of the parameters studied. The highest ash content was in J. rubens (77.7%) in the spring. The results showed that J. rubens is a rich source with respect to mineral content. D. dichotoma had the highest crude protein content, whereas S. schimperi contained the most lipids. Phenolics ranged between 34.6 - 107.0 mg GAE/g dw. The highest total phenolics were found in S. schimperi in the summer, and the lowest in P. pavonica in the spring. The flavonoid contents (9.05-10.6 mg QE/g dw) were higher in brown seaweeds than that in the red seaweed. Moreover, chlorophyll-a and carotenoids levels were highest in D. dichotoma (4.53 and 2.83 mg/g, respectively) during the autumn. The results revealed that the biochemical composition of the examined seaweeds showed significant changes depending on the species, location and seasons.

Copyright of Food & Health (2602-2834) is the property of Scientific Web Journals (SWJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The biggest problem of livestock in Turkey is the lack of quality roughage despite the high number of animals. Due to the fact that, plants grown for different purposes should also be included in the rations. Sweet corn whose cultivation area is increasing, harvested the milk stage period and 61-73% of green portionr emains, This remaining green portion is a good silo material but contain low protein. In this study, the effect of alfalfa (100%M, 100%Y, 75%M+25%Y, 50%M+50%Y, 25%M+75%Y) silage quality of alfalfa added to sweet corn in different ratios was examined. Dry matter content, pH, fleig score, crude protein ratio, organic acids, relative feed value (RFV), calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus, total phenolic, anti-radical activity, total flavonoid and condensed tannin contents were determined in silage materials. The highest crude protein was obtained from pure alfalfa silage (26.74%). According to Fleig scores, the highest values were obtained for sweet corn (99.69), 75%M+25%Y (95.96) and 50%M+50%Y (90.45) mixed silages. RFV of silages varied between 87.74 and 148.45. The lactic acid content varied between 1.94% and 3.47%. Silages were found to be high in terms of secondary metabolite content, which is important for animal nutrition. The nutrient contents of all treatments were at a level to meet the needs of the animals. As a result, it was determined that alfalfa added to corn silage improved silage quality. In addition, considering all the features, it has been determined that the mixture of 75%M+25Y is better than the other processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer; It is a process in which cells undergo metabolic changes that cause them to proliferate uncontrollably, escape the surveillance of the immune system, and spread by invading distant tissues. One out of every five people will develop cancer at some point in their life. Despite all the treatment methods that have been developed, deaths caused by cancer still rank second in developed societies. A wide variety of drugs are used in chemotherapy treatments that affect different metabolic pathways of cancer cells. Many herbal anti-cancer drugs such as paclitaxel and docetaxel, which are known for their anti-neoplastic properties, are used in the clinic. Treatment possibilities of herbal chemotherapeutic agents against various types of cancer continue to be investigated. In recent studies, flavonoid-based compounds that can target different molecular pathways in cancer treatment have been synthesized. It has been determined that chalcones, which belong to the flavonoid family, have anti-cancer activity as well as different biological effects. Scientific research continues to reveal the mechanism of action of chalcone compounds. In this review, the anti-cancer roles of chalcone derivatives through mechanisms such as anti-proliferation, apoptosis induction, microtubule polymerization, antiangiogenesis and cell cycle arrest are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is to conduct phytochemical research on Biarum carduchorum (BC) and Biarum aleppicum (BA) taxa and to examine some phytochemical properties of these plants. Within the scope of phytochemical studies, ethanol, hexane and pure water solvents of different polarities were used for the extraction of secondary metabolites in plants. In addition, the leaves, spathe, tuber and spadix parts of the plants were extracted separately. As phytochemical characterization, total phenolic substance content (TPSC), total flavonoid substance (TFS) values and antioxidant properties (percent scavenging due to different concentrations, trolox equivalent free radical residue and IC50 values) were investigated. According to the findings, the total phenolic content of BC and BA extracts was determined at the highest rate in the leaf part with 1373.84 mgGAE/L and 779.14 mgGAE/L, respectively, with ethanol solvent. The lowest value was determined as 251.22 mgGAE/L in ethanol solvent and 111.49 mgGAE/L in hexane solvent in the spadix parts, respectively. In terms of total flavonoid substance (TPSC) data, the highest amount of BA was found in the leaf part as 286.79 mgQE/L with distilled water and 159.08 mgQE/L was found in the spathe part with pure water. The results of the antioxidant properties in terms of IC50 were found at the lowest IC50 values with 0.97 mgQE/L and 0.55 mgQE/L, respectively, in the extract obtained with ethanol solvent in the spathe part of both BC and BA, and they exhibited the highest antioxidant properties with these values. The lowest antioxidative properties were found in the BC sample with 3.9 mg/L IC50 value in the leaf part with hexane solvent, and 5.87 mg/L IC50 value for BA in the tuber part of the plant in hexane solvent. In general, hexane solvent gave low antioxidative values in plant extracts. Ethanol solvent, on the other hand, led to obtaining extracts rich in antioxidants, phenolic and flavonoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In our study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of gossypin, one of the major components of the plant called Hibiscus vitofolius, on microorganisms and their virulence properties (such as biofilm formation, adhesion and invasion ability). Methods: The antibacterial and antifungal activities of gossypin on 5 different types of microorganisms (2 gram positive bacteria, 2 gram negative bacteria and 1 yeast) were determined by Broth Microdilution Method (BMD), a microdilution method. Then, biofilm formation; crystal violet and MTT Cell Proliferation Assay were applied. Antibiofilm activity of gossypin was determined by microplate method and confirmed by MTT Cell Proliferation Assay. In order to measure the antiinvasive activity of gossypin, the invasion of the AEIC strain was induced by infecting Caco-2 human colon cells with Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli bacteria and the inhibitory effect of the active substance on the invasion was investigated. Results: According to the obtained results, it was determined that gossypin had a potential antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activity in a dose-dependent manner (between 40-80 µg/ml). In addition, it was determined that gossypin was effective on the adhesion and invasion processes of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) to Caco-2 cells. Application of 160 µg/ml gossypin reduced bacterial adhesion up to 67% and bacterial invasion up to 38%. As a result of in-vitro studies, the IC50 dose of gossypin was found as 28.20 µg/ml. Discussion: The obtained data showed that gossypin has more than one antimicrobial activity and future detailed molecular studies should be performed to detect the mechanisms of those effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Karya Journal of Health Science is the property of Karya Journal of Health Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the effects of ultrasound pretreatment (US) applied to olive pomace (OP) before microwave drying on the physicochemical composition (moisture, water activity and color), powder properties bioactive compounds (total flavonoid, phenolic content), antioxidant activity, and mineral content was invest sated. For this purpose, US was applied to the OP for 10 min and the samples were dried in a microwave oven at 460W for 8 min. The moisture content of the dried OP decreased below 5% (wet basis). The US reduced the b*, chroma, and browning index values of dried OP. The dried OP in powder form had good flowability and low stickiness. The US reduced the amount of total flavonoid and phenolic content and antioxidant activity properties of OP. The US caused an increase in the iron, nickel, aluminum, manganese, lead, and potassium contents of the OP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cryptococcus neoformans causes lifethreatening severe cryptococcosis in humans. These species are colonized in the nature and are spread from the environment to the host. Various media have been produced for the identification of C. neoformans. Yeast is easily identified due to the production of melanin in culture media containing pigment precursors. The red pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) which has just started to planted in our country has flavonoid pigments. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the melanin pigment production of C. neoformans in the agar media prepared by newly defined from white and red pitahaya fruits. Methods: Molecularly confirmed thirteen environmental strains of C. neoformans were included in the study. In the study, in-house media were prepared from two different pitahaya [white pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus) agar (WPA) and red pitahaya) agar (RPA)] with mesocarp and endocarp parts of the fruits. Staib agar and potato dextrose agar media were used as positive and negative controls. Candida albicans has been used for nonpigmented yeasts. The strains were cultured in sterile 24-well polystyrene plates and pigment production was measured by Fiji/ImajeJ (GPLv3, NIH, USA) during one week. Results: It was observed that brown pigmented colonies, which can be easily separated from the nonpigmented C. albicans yeast colonies, were formed in the grown on KPA medium. Colony pigment formed in KPA medium was less than those formed on Staib agar. C. albicans colonies were larger on Staib agar, while C. neoformans formed more mucoid colonies on RPA. It was observed that the colony pigment formed in the RPA medium was less than the other in the cultivations on Staib agar and RPA medium. While RPA pigments are higher than WPA's, the yeasts' melanin production in Staib agar have higher data (p<0.05). No pigment production has been observed in PDA. Conclusion: Although the pigment production on RPA is less than on Staib agar medium, RPA can be used to demonstrate pigment production of C. neoformans. Descriptive media should be prepared with easily accessible inexpensive environmental resources containing phenolic chemicals for the research of pigment production of C. neoformans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activities, enzyme inhibition potentials, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Hypericum perforatum L. ethanol extracts. The phenolic content of the plant extract was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activities of the plant extract were determined based on the iron-reducing power and scavenging potentials of the DPPH radical. Furthermore, chelating ability, superoxide dismutase and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, tyrosinase a-glucosidase, and cholinesterase inhibition assays were determined by spectrophotometric techniques. The plant extract's total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 8.828 mg GAE/g and 10.366 mg CTE/g extract, respectively. H. perforatum ethanolic extract exhibited scavenging of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with an SC50 value of 0.469 mg/mL and superoxide anion radicals with IC50 values of 0.338 mg/mL. Ferric-ion chelating (%4.7 in 0.5 mg/mL), antiinflammatory activity (%25.12 in 0.2 mg/mL), acetylcholinesterase inhibition (%18 in 0.2 mg/mL), butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (%15 in 0.2 mg/mL), tyrosinase inhibition (%35 in 0.5 mg/mL), and a-glucosidase inhibition (%35 in 0.2 mg/mL) activities of the plant extract were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott extracts. Results showed that the total phenols and flavonoids contents of the extracts ranged from 24.57 to 316.11 mg GAE/g and from 1.80 to 12.41μg QE/mg, respectively. Ethyl acetate (EaES) and aqueous (AqES) extracts from seeds showed the highest DPPH scavenging capacity (IC50= 5.51 and 23.43 μg/mL). EaES from seeds, stem bark and fruit pod were the most active in inhibiting β-carotene oxidation. While, aqueous extracts have the ability to chelate ferrous ions. Significant antibacterial activity was obtained against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa; and inhibition zones varied between 10 to 29.5 mm. MIC and MBC ranged from 0.7–11.25 mg/mL and 5.63–22.5 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, synergistic effects were obtained, where inhibition zones varied between 7 and 50 mm. These results support the use of this species in traditional medicine in many physiological disorders and could be used where antioxidant and antibacterial are warranted.

Copyright of Journal of Health Science Yuksek Ihtisas University / Yüksek İhtisas Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Health Science Yuksek Ihtisas University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Lam.) is a well-known, extensively grown and consumed crop, world-wide. Pumpkins are natural and rich source of potential bioactive compounds. The presence of active phytochemicals makes these fruits a great matrix to be further exploited for therapeutic purposes, beyond biotechnological applications. Peel, flesh and seeds of this fruit are heavily loaded with phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoids, which are the main tributes of this functional and medicinal food. Present study was designed to utilize these parts of pumpkin in the form of powders, at 0, 5, 10 and 15% replacement levels with white flour, to develop biscuits and to obtain methanolic extracts of these biscuits to determine their phytochemical parameters. Among the different treatment biscuits, highest amount of total phenolics (101.79 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (60.74 mg CE/ 100 g) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (38.00 mg AAE/100 g) was found in biscuits with 15% replacement of pumpkin seeds powder, while biscuits with 15% replacement of pumpkin flesh powder exhibited highest amount of total carotenoid contents (6.95 mg/ 100 g) and β carotene (2.86 mg/100 g). Functional biscuits developed from replacement of pumpkin parts powders with wheat flour may be offered to patients facing oxidative stress, degenerative diseases and diabetes. These biscuits can be offered to children for better growth and development. Consumers awareness through proper marketing at commercial level with proper labelling of nutritional facts, may lead to increased demand of this functional and medicinal food rich in bio actives.

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a worldwide popular horticultural crop. Interest in assessing bioactive compounds with potential health benefits in artichoke is increasing. Therefore, in this study, the variability in total phenolic and flavonoid contents of six artichoke cultivars, including five purple namely Brindisie, Opal, Conserto, Romanesco and Rouge de France as well as an ordinary white artichoke variety were investigated. The results showed significant differences in total phenolic and flavonoid contents between artichoke cultivars. Total phenolic content ranged from 17.31 mg GAE/ g DW in the white artichoke variety to 21.31 mg GAE/g DW in Romanesco. Flavonoid content ranged from 4.51 mg RE/g DW in white artichoke to 7.06 mg RE/g DW in Rouge de France. Therefore, the highest total phenolic content was shown by Romanesco. However, the highest flavonoid content was recorded for both Opal and Rouge de France. This study demonstrates the importance of genotypic variability in shaping the levels of total phenolic and flavonoid, emphasizing the need to evaluate artichoke biodiversity in order to improve its nutritional value and to contribute towards increasing the intake of antioxidants.

In this study, different solvent types were evaluated in obtaining bioactive compounds from rhubarb (Rheum ribes) roots. Deep eutectic solvents prepared with choline chloride and lactic acid in different molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) and water were used, as green solvents The total phenolic compounds were found to be high with deep eutectic solvent similar to the ethanol extract. The highest value is obtained with ethanol for total flavonoid compound extraction, while deep eutectic solvent comes second. For the antioxidant activity, it was determined that the most effective solvent was the deep eutectic solvent (1:3). In addition, the similarities/differences in terms of bioactive compounds (total phenolic, total flavonoid compound, antioxidant activity) of rhubarb extracts prepared using different solvents were evaluated with principal component analysis. As a result, the use of deep eutectic solvent was found to be appropriate as an alternative to organic solvents in bioactive compound extraction from rhubarb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from the madimak (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.), which is used in traditional folk medicine as well as nutrition. For this purpose, the effects of methanol/water mixture concentration (0-100%), extraction time (5-120 min.) and temperature (30-70 °C) on total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC) and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) of phenolic extracts obtained from P. cognatum were determined. Optimum conditions for TPC, TFC and DPPH values were determined using the "desirability" function approach, using the Box-Behnken design in the Design Expert Program. In the study carried out to obtain phenolic compound extraction from P. cognatum, methanol concentration (40.15%), extraction time (5.00 min.) and extraction temperature (70.00 °C) were determined as optimum conditions. TPC, TFC and DPPH values of phenolic extracts obtained under optimum conditions were determined as 45.40 mg GAE/g dry sample, 30.36 mg QE/g dry sample, 53.40 mg TE/g dry sample, respectively. As a result of the obtained results, P. cognatum is a rich source in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), which is in the legume family, has a very important place in terms of animal nutrition. It is highly drought tolerant and can grow easily in many different soils. This research was carried out to determine some quality traits of 4 cultivars (Gap Mavisi, Eren, İptaş and Karadağ,) and 9 local populations (1603, 2006, 2401, 4301, 4403, 5001, 6408, 6410, and S3) originating from Turkey total of 13 grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotypes in Bilecik ecological conditions. The experiment was conducted during the 2019 vegetation periods at the Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Agricultural Research, and Application Land, and was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Crude protein ratio, ODAP (N-oxalyl-L-alpha, betadiaminopropionic acid), total phenolic, total flavonoid, radical repellent activity (DPPH), and condensed tannin contents were determined in the seeds of harvested plants. As a result, it has been determined that the local populations are as good as the varieties in terms of animal nutrition and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to examine the hypoglycemic and antimicrobial effects of Cousinia davisiana, C. foliosa, C. ramosissima, and C. stenocephala species, which are included in the Stenocephalae section. Within the scope of the study, after the above-ground parts of the plants were collected, their extracts were prepared by maceration at room temperature with methanol, and the α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory, and antimicrobial effects of these extracts were determined. When the results were evaluated, among the plants, the C. ramosissima extract was found to be more active in α-amylase with 246.784±1.528 μg mL-1 values compared to other extracts and higher α-amylase activity and α-glucosidase (155.458±0.279 μg mL-1) effect compared to acarbose. It was also found that the extracts showed moderate antimicrobial activity. Apart from this, it was determined that the active extract contained phenolic compounds and flavonoids intensely as a result of the examination by LC-MS/MS. Although the results of this study prove for the first time that especially C. ramosissima extract has effective α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, further studies are needed to show that these extracts can help reduce postprandial glucose levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the antioxidant activities, total polyphenolic contents of algal extracts from Gongolaria barbata were examined by using ethyl acetate (AcOEt), water(W), and phosphate buffer (PH) as solvents. According to the results, EtOH, W, and PB showed medium antioxidant potential with low IC50 values. The highest total flavonoid content was detected in W (6.91±0.09 mg/g Ext., and PB showed the maximum phenolic content (2.29±0.01 mg GAE/g ext.). The chlorophyll a and total carotenoid contents were detected as 40.5±1.20 and 29.13±1.12 (mg/g DW), respectively. Phycoerythrin was 0.002±0.001 (mg/g DW), while phycocyanin content was found as0.04 ±0.01 (mg/g DW). Our results show that PB could be used as an extraction solvent for determining the antioxidant properties of G. barbata instead of ethanol.

Copyright of Ahi Evran Medical Journal is the property of Ahi Evran University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

R. acetosella is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Polygonaceae family and is consumed as a vegetable among the people in Turkey. In this study, antimicrobial (Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Candida albicans yeast-fungi), antiradical (against to DPPH, ABTS and OH radicals), anticancer (against to human prostate cancer (PC-3), human colon cancer (HCT-116), human ovarian cancer (A2780) and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines) and phytochemical properties (lipid-soluble vitamins, fatty acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid, and total proanthocyanidins) of ethanol, water and methanol extracts of R. acetosella aerial parts were investigated. According to our results, it was determined that R. acetosella extracts have higher activity than the BHT in scavenging tests of ABTS, DPPH and OH radicals. It has also been understood that this plant has high antimicrobial activity and phytochemical content and effective anticancer activities against to PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines. Also the presented study is the first study on the in vitro anticancer activity of R. acetosella extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Herbal infusions are widely consumed beverages worldwide due to the beneficial properties provided by their polyphenol ingredients. In this study, seven different plants, consisting of quince (Cydonia oblonga) leaf, linden (Tilia cordata) flower and leaves, golden grass (Helichrysum arenarium), French lavender (Lavandula stoechas) flower, marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) flower, and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) leaves were studied, which are widely used and their infusions are prepared by people in our country. Extraction yields, color, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antiradical activities, and heavy metal contents (Hg, Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Al, and Cd) of lyophilized infusions obtained at 3, 9, 15 and 21 minutes of brewing times were evaluated. Extraction yields of marshmallow flower and blackberry leaves were higher than other plants. The increase in brewing time caused a decrease in the L* value, an increase in the a* value, and a general decrease in the b* value of the samples. Total phenolic content of lyophilized infusions determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure ranged from 8.05 to 53.92 mg GAE g-1. The highest total flavonoid amount was detected as 22.40 mg QE g-1 in lyophilized French lavender infusion at the 21st minute. The antiradical activity was determined by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity analyses. All herbal infusions exhibited antiradical activity, strongly correlated with total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In DPPH radical scavenging activity analysis, IC50 values of lyophilized infusions varied between 20.42 and 40.65 µg ml-1. The French lavender herb exhibited the highest antiradical activity against DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Heavy metal contents of lyophilized infusions determined by ICP-MS were listed as Mn>Zn>Al>Ni>Cu>Cr, and the brewing time factor was influential on the mineral transfer at p<0.05 level. Hg, Pb, and Cd heavy metals were not detected in any samples. The findings in this study suggest that it would be useful to analyze the end product (consumer-prepared infusions) to determine the actual antioxidant properties and heavy metal contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study; essential oil of the leaves of R. petraeum plant were determined by hydrodistillation method in a Clevenger type device. The chemical compositions of volatile oil were determined by analyzing with a GC-MS/FID instrument. The amount of antioxidant activities of the obtained essential oil were determined by free radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS) amounts, and Ferric (III) Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) capacity according to methods. In addition, some bioactive compounds contents were determined by total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant activity (TAC) studies. Antimicrobial activities of volatile oil were attained against 23 different microorganisms by disc diffusion method. As a result; the percent essential oil yield was determined as 0.47% in the leaves of the R. petraeum. The chemical class with the highest percentage of compounds in the essential oil of plant part: Aldehydes (55.98%) were determined in the leaves of the R. petraeum. In addition, the main component in its essential oil was found as (E)-2-hexenal (52.90%) in the leaves of the R. petraeum. The amount of antioxidant activities obtained from samples collected from plant parts were determined as 18.73 mg AA/100 mL and 21.31 mg AA/100 mL in DPPH and ABTS, and 6.50 mg FeSO4/100 mL in FRAP capacity. The bioactive component contents were found as 66.37 mg GAE/100 mL in TPC, 1.51 mg QE/100 mL in TFC, 195.43 mg AA/100 mL in TAC. According to the results of the antimicrobial activities analysis obtained from the collected sample of plant parts, leaves of R. petraeum were not showed any antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wheat bran, which is considered waste and not used in human nutrition, is a product rich in dietary fiber and functional components. In this study, the production of high-fiber bread with improved functional properties was produced with the addition of >850 µm and 200 µm sizes of wheat bran In the scope of the study, bread was produced with wheat flour substituted with 3 different ratios (10, 20 and 30%) of coarse and fine bran. The physical, chemical and functional (total phenolic substance, total flavonoid substance and antioxidant activity) properties of the produced bread were examined. In addition, the important starch fraction properties of the breads were investigated. The addition of coarse bran causes more volume reduction and a darker crust color in the bread compared to the addition of fine bran. The addition of coarse bran caused an increase in the insoluble dietary fiber content, while the addition of fine bran caused a greater increase in the soluble dietary fiber content. The addition of fine bran increased the functional properties of the bread more than the addition of coarse bran. In addition, it was determined that the bran addition caused an improvement in the nutritional properties of the bread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of using dietary fibers produced from apple, orange, and pumpkin fruits into ice cream production at two different concentrations (1.5% and 3.0%) on its quality and nutritional properties was investigated. The dry matter values of apple, orange, and pumpkin fibers were observed to be similar, but there were differences between each fiber's protein, ash, pH, and color parameters (L*, a*, and b*). The highest water-binding and swelling capacity values were determined in pumpkin fiber, while the highest solubility and total phenolic and flavonoid substance contents were found in apple fiber. In general, the addition of fruit fiber increased the dry matter, protein, ash, and viscosity values of the ice creams while decreasing their pH, fat, and overrun. The addition of fruit fiber decreased L* values and increased a* and b* values. In parallel with the addition rates of all fibers, the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the ice creams increased. In terms of sensory, samples containing 1.5% fiber were more appreciated, and pumpkin fiber-containing ice creams were preferred more than other types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, some bioactive components, antioxidant and antibacterial properties and mutagenic effect values of Uzun apple variety grown in Kağızman district of Kars province and Ahıska city of Georgia were investigated. As a result of the study, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in Kağızman sample were determined as 93.66 mg GAE/100g and 15.87 mg EC/100g, while in Ahıska sample it was determined as 76.99 mg GAE/100g and 10.89 mg EC/100g, respectively. There was no significant difference between the antioxidant activity values of the genotypes (p>0.05). ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP values in Kağızman and Ahıska genotypes were determined as 66.86 and 60.93%; 70.97 and 72.57%; 870.81 and 874.45 μmol Fe II/g, respectively. When the results were examined, an antibacterial effect was detected only against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 in the extracts of both genotypes, and no effect was determined for the other test bacteria. No mutagenic effect was found in TA98 and TA100 strains at the tested doses of the extracts. As a result, it was determined that the difference in the growing region was effective only in the amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and is among the most suffering diseases all over the world. Hyperglycemia plays a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases by triggering the mechanisms of oxidative stress. Phytotherapy is one of the alternative ways to cope with these diseases. Medicinal, aromatic and wild edible plants have nutraceutically protective effects against various diseases as well as nutritional and dietetic value due to the phytochemicals. Sisymbrium species are among the wild edible plants and traditionally used to treatment of various diseases. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the phenolic components of Sisymbrium altissimum leaves as well as their antioxidant capacity and antidiabetic properties. For this purpose, phenolic component was determined in S. altissimum leaf extract (SAE) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, total phenolic and total flavonoid content measurement, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging activity analyzes were performed to determine the antioxidant capacity. The antidiabetic effect of the leaves was measured by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity assay. In the results obtained, it was determined that SAE showed a significant antioxidant activity. It was determined that the most abundant phenolic component in leaves was rutin, also quercetin and protocatechuic acid were the other dominant phenolic components in leaves. On the other hand, it was found that the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of the leaves were lower compared to acarbose. As a result, it can be concluded that S. altissimum can strengthen the antioxidant status with its important phenolic compounds and also prevent nutraceutically postprandial hyperglycemia due to its partial α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, chocolate orange juice was produced by adding melted chocolate at different rates (1%, 2.5% and 5%) to pasteurized orange juice. The aim of this study is to combine two food groups to obtain a nutritious and delicious product. It is aimed to obtain a new product with a high phenolic and antioxidant content, a different aroma and a pleasant taste with the combination of these two food groups. For this purpose, approximately 4% residual pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity was determined in pasteurized orange juice containing 2.5% chocolate and subjected to heat treatment at ʽʽ75°C 120 sec” pasteurization conditions. The highest pH (4.13), water soluble solids (WSS) (13.20 °B), HMF (92.18 mg/L) and viscosity (2.50 cP) values were determined in orange juices with 5% melted chocolate added. The highest phenolic content (2728.5 mg/L), flavonoid content (35.58 mg/L) and ascorbic acid values (84.42 g/mL) were also found in pasteurized orange juice containing 5% chocolate. Among the chocolate orange juice samples, the sample with the highest antioxidant activity was the orange juice containing 5% chocolate with a value of 84.37%.L * value is the brightest in untreated orange juice (11.43); + a * value is the highest in pasteurized orange juice (16.63) containing 5% chocolate; + b * value is the highest in the pasteurized orange juice (30.85) containing up to 1% chocolate (30.85); Hue value is the highest in pasteurized orange juice (88.99); pasteurized orange juice containing 2.5% chocolate has the highest chromium content (33.14); The highest browning index value was found in the pasteurized orange juice (0.636 (abs.)) containing 2.5% chocolate. Pasteurized orange juice (3.58) containing 5% chocolate is the most preferred among the samples of chocolate containing orange juices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants belonging to the Ribes genus are bush-shaped plants that grow naturally and are also cultivated in recent times. It is known that currant has various health benefits and has attracted the attention of people in recent years. In this study, total ascorbic acid, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant, antibacterial, and mutagenic activities of gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.) and alpine currant (Ribes alpinum L.) collected from Beşikdüzü/Trabzon were investigated. According to the results, there was no statistically significant difference among total phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid values of gooseberry and alpine currant (p>0.05). Additionally, antioxidant activity values were higher in alpine currant. When the antibacterial activity results were examined, it was found that alpine currant extracts exhibited higher activity against test bacteria. Moreover, no mutagenic activity against Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 was found in any of gooseberry and alpine currant extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the antioxidant activities and biochemical characteristics of Ulva rigida (Ulvophyceae) and Arthrospira platensis (Cyanophyceae) were determined. The extracts from two seaweed species were evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity, using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) method, their total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents, through Folin–Ciocalteu, Quettier-Deleu, and Price methods, respectively. The extracts of two seaweeds showed a low free radical scavenging capacity in comparison with commercial antioxidant BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), and vitamin C. The extract of U. rigida demonstrated greater antioxidant potential with a low IC50 (3.76±0.02 mg/g Ext.). The total phenolic contents were ranged from 2.21±0.08 (U. rigida) to 8.59±0.62 (A. platensis) mg GAE/g of extract. The highest flavonoid content was found in A. platensis as 22.70±0.65 mg rutin/g of extract. The contents of condensed tannin were measured 3.01±0.11 mg CE/g of extract for A. platensis and 3.76±0.06 mg CE/g of extract for U. rigida. According to results obtained, U. rigida and A. maxima possess antioxidant activity and could be used in for future applications in medicine, functional foods, and agriculture.

Vegetables supply various minerals, vitamins, dietary fibers along with important phytochemicals that plays a major contribution in our balance diets and nutrition. Each vegetable contain a unique amount of various nutrients that are strongly linked with the protection of different health diseases. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a nonwoody annual plant with purple to white flowers along with enlarged lobed leaves with bushy foliage that grows with maximum height of 120cm. Eggplant is mainly grown for vegetables and medicinal purposes. The phytochemical analysis of eggplant shows that it is the rich source of various essential compounds aspartic acid, tropane, flavonoids, lanosterol, gramisterol, steroid alkaloids, glycoalkaloids, histidine, nasunin, oxalic acid, solasodine, ascorbic acid and tryptophan that are present in fruits and leaves. It also contains low calories and high moisture contents. These compounds were found helpful in the cure of various diseases like cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, anti-platelet hypo-lipidemic, and hypotensive etc. Today most modern scientific techniques are available to cure different various health problems but still majority of population across the globe depends upon the traditional herbal medicines and practices. This review mainly explains nutritional content, medicinal and health benefits of S. melongena

In this study, antioxidant activities of two macroalgae, Eucheuma sp. J.Agardh and Laminaria sp., J.V.Lamouroux used as food supplements were investigated. The antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity, the total content of phenolics, flavonoids and condensed tannins in extracts were determined. The IC50 values of the extracts of Eucheuma sp. and Laminaria sp. on DPPH scavenging activity was 2.26±0.03 mg/g and 2.63±0.03 mg/g of extract, respectively. The maximum total phenolic (5.31±0.04 mg GAE/g Ext.) were determined. According to our results, all extracts exhibited low radical scavenging activity when compared to the standards used, i.e. -tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) with the inhibition percentage in the range of 48.45±0.06% (Eucheuma sp.) – 58.49±0.03% (Laminaria sp.). The highest flavonoid content was measured as 18.78±0.10 mg rutin/g of extract in Laminaria sp. The condensed tannins were not detected in Eucheuma sp. However, this value was measured as 6.24±0.60 mg CE/g of extract for Laminaria sp. According to our results, Eucheuma sp. and Laminaria sp., which are commercially sold in medicinal herb stores, are good sources of antioxidant components because of their phenolic and flavonoid contents.

This study examines various activities of the saffron, first quality according to Saffron Standard (TS/ISO 3632, 2011) extracts by using 13 different solvent systems, (distilled water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and their mixtures at different levels). Total phenolic measured in water, ethanol, methanol, (v/v/v, 30/30/40) extract with 2265.00 mg GAE/100 g DM as highest and, the acetone extract with 40.00 mg GAE/100 g DM as lowest. The highest amount of total flavonoids was detected in water, ethanol, methanol (v/v/v, 30/30/40) extract with 587.14 mg CE/100 g DM, flavonoid component was not detected in acetone extract. As antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS+ analysis methods, the highest values were detected in water, ethanol, methanol (v/v/v, 30/30/40) extract with 1202.68 mg TE/100 g DM and 1383.74 mg TE/100 g DM, respectively. The lowest were detected 232.43 mg TE/100 g DM (DPPH) in ethanol and 251.23 mg TE/100 g DM (ABTS+) in acetone extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was carried out in 2018 to determine the effects of buckwheat grown in Konya ecological conditions on the yield and quality characteristics of buckwheat harvested in different development periods (Before flowering, Full bloom, Beginning of seed setting, End of seed setting). The experiment was established as three replications according to the "Factorial Experiment Pattern in Random Blocks". According to the results obtained from different development periods in the research; plant height 21.24-89.79 cm; fresh herb yield 114,60-1520,30 kg/da; dry herb yield; 29.45-413.85 kg/da; seed yield 168.64 kg/da; total amount of phenol 50.54-139.72 mg/g; total amount of flavonoids 1.60-152.77 mg/g; The amount of rutin in the herb varied between 2.17-3.01%, and the average amount of rutin in the seed was determined as 0.103%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heracleum platytaenium Boiss. has been used in traditional medicine. Antioxidant effect of essential oil as well as extracts of H. platytaenium was investigated. The essential oil was acquired by hydro distillation using a Clevenger type apparatus and GC-MS was used to analyze the essential oil compounds. Antioxidant capacity including ABTS+•, DPPH• scavenging and reducing power activity tests were carried out for essential oil and extracts. Moreover, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were investigated. n-Octyl acetate (36.5%), apiole (24.9%), and elemicin (20.8%) were the chief products of essential oil. The essential oil and extracts exhibited from weak to moderate activity. The total phenol varied from 19.01 to 130.99 mg GAE/g extract and total flavonoid was fluctuated from 2.0 to 118.4 mg QE/g extract. The most DPPH• scavenging effect was observed in EtOAc extract (IC50 = 24.09 mg ml –1). The ABTS•+ scavenging effect of EtOAc extract was better than synthetic antioxidants BHA, BHT and Trolox.

The use of bioactive compounds has been maintaining its significance from nutritional aspects. Due to the increasing demand for them in potential markets, researchers struggle to create new sources and improve their methods. Plant materials possess plenty and a diverse range of these compounds. However, their availability strongly depends on the extraction techniques in addition to the sampling methods and the applicability of the method to the specific parts of the plant. Thus, it is crucial to develop a common, precise way which will enable to extract all the active components regardless of their origin and their location in the plant material. Besides, the new method ought to have the highest economic value in comparison to the present applications which means that the efficiency of the extraction should be acceptable on industrial scale as well. Even though numerous methods have been improved so far, it seems to be unlikely to achieve a standardized solution with high valorization for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants until now. This review aims to discuss the novel extraction methods in addition to the conventional techniques focusing on the critical parameters such as the cost, time, yield, feasibility and eco-friendliness of the process.

For recent years fermented milk products, especially kefir, are highly preferred food product due to their positive and therapeutic effects on health. Microbial composition of the kefir grains directly related with the region they are obtained and affect properties of kefir straightforwardly in traditional fermentation method. Therefore, bioactivity investigation of kefir grains used in fermentation process has great importance. In this study, comparative bioactivity analysis of cow milk and goat milk kefirs fermented with one local grain obtained from Antalya, Turkey and one commercial grain are demonstrated. For this purpose, microbiological analysis, antibacterial and antioxidant activity analysis, total phenolic and total flavonoid compound measurements of kefir samples were done. Our results concluded that, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of kefirs fermented with local grain are almost similar to those fermented with commercial grain and local grain kefirs can be a valuable and safe alternative for consumers due to its phenolic compound and flavonoid content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)