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Objective: This study was planned to investigate the relationship between the fear of coronavirus and life satisfaction in geriatric individuals. Materials and Methods: Demographic information form, Coronavirus Fear scale (CFS), and Life Satisfaction scale (LSS) were used as data collection tools. Seventy-nine people over the age of 65 were included in the study. Results: As a result of the study, there was a low level of positive correlation between life satisfaction and fear of coronavirus (p<0.05). The 7% effect of CFS on LSS was statistically significant (F5,504 p=0.022). A one-unit increase in the LSS significantly increased the CFS by 0.210 units statistically significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study conducted at the end of the pandemic shows that the presence of geriatric individuals in life and being physically active in daily life positively affects life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to determine the opinions of health services vocational school students about the reasons for summer school preference. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted with 102 students who took summer school courses at the Vocational School of Health Services affiliated to a foundation university between August 1, 2022 and August 19, 2022. The data were collected with the "Reasons for Summer School Preference" questionnaire. Data analysis and descriptive statistics were performed with T-test and ANOVA test. When the demographic distribution of the participants was evaluated, it was determined that 68.6% of them were female, 79.4% of them were studying in the day group, 33.3% of them were 75% scholarship students and 69.6% of them could graduate at the end of the summer school. When the mean scores of the sub-dimensions of the questionnaire were evaluated, it was determined that the thoughts about summer school were 19.68±3.9, the reasons for summer school preference were 21.91±5.33, and the reasons for the preference of the university where summer school was held were 12.03±3.98. A statistically significant difference was found in the sub-dimension of students' reasons for summer school preference (p<0.05). It was determined that females had higher scores on the reasons for summer school preference than males. It is recommended that steps should be taken to improve the summer school practices, which are becoming more widespread in universities and which are determined to make positive contributions to students according to the research findings, to make them free of charge or to charge symbolic fees, to examine the opinions on summer school more comprehensively, and to conduct comprehensive research on summer school and student opinions with larger sample groups in vocational colleges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pregnancy causes changes in the duration and quality of sleep. Insomnia, insufficient sleep time, and symptoms associated with restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED) are frequently described during pregnancy. We aimed to evaluate the deterioration in sleep quality during pregnancy according to trimesters and to examine the effect of RLS/WEH and its correlation with clinical and biochemical markers. Materials and Methods: Hundred pregnant women were included in the study prospectively and consecutively. Pregnant women were evaluated to determine their clinical characteristics, including demographic data, habits, and medical backgrounds by using a questionnaire. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), disease duration, severity, triggering factors, and family history for RLS/WEH were recorded. Complete blood count, fasting blood glucose, kidney function tests, ferritin, iron and iron binding capacity were also analyzed. Results: The mean age was 28.8±6.0 years. PSQI values were significantly higher in the third trimester (p=0.044), and ESS values were similar between trimesters (p=0.524). RLS/WEH was detected in 34% of the pregnant women; there was no difference between trimesters (p=0.188). The PSQI score was significantly higher in RLS/WEH patients (p=0.013). There was no significant difference in clinical and biochemical parameters between pregnant women with and without subjective poor sleep quality at night (PSQI >5 points). Conclusion: It is shown that night sleep quality is deteriorated in pregnant women, especially in the last trimester. The fact that the frequency of RLS/WEH is not different in pregnant women with poor sleep quality suggests the existence of other factors underlying poor sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Physical activity and sleep are critical for the healthy growth and development of children. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between physical activity status and sleep problems of primary education students. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th graders attending a primary education school in the east of Turkey and their parents (n=500). "Descriptive Information Form", "Physical Activity Efficacy Scale" and "Sleep Disturbance Scale For Children" were used in the study. The data were evaluated with arithmetic mean, percentage, standard deviation, independent groups t-test, and Pearson correlation test. Results: It was found that 73% of the students included in the study were in the 12-13 age group and average night-time sleep duration was found to be 8.37±1.27 hours. No correlations were found between students' age, gender, and family type and their Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children scores (p>0.05). A correlation was found between students' gender and their physical activity efficacy scale "in transportation" dimension scores and total mean scores (p<0.05). No correlation was found between the sleep disturbance scale for children and the Physical Activity Efficacy Scale (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is thought that primary education students did not experience sleep problems due to their high physical activity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to investigate whether 6th-grade students in a medical school have sufficient knowledge about general and COVID-19 vaccine types at the end of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this qualitative study, the sample was selected by snowball method among 6th-year medical students in February 2021. The data were collected in-depth by using a semi-structured question guide with 10 participants who agreed to be interviewed. Results: Most of the participants stated that they did not feel knowledgeable enough about the general vaccine types, the newly produced COVID-19 vaccines, the mechanisms of action of COVID-19 vaccines, and the efficacy and safety of these vaccines. All participants agreed to have the recommended vaccine before the phase studies were completed. Conclusion: It is invaluable for the participants to report that they had decided to be vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine, which was Turkey's first recommended and current vaccine. Although they thought their COVID-19 vaccine knowledge was insufficient, they agreed to get vaccinated to protect themselves and society. Furthermore, it is remarkable that most participants also reported recommending the new vaccines to society. Therefore, we suggest that general and current vaccine information, including the COVID-19 vaccine, should be part of the medical school core education curriculum. In addition, it will be essential to repeat similar and qualitative research on available vaccine types and COVID-19 vaccines after the pandemic and compare the results with the data in the middle of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Transport of blood and saliva-contaminated materials such as impressions and prostheses between clinics and laboratories increases the risk of cross-infection. This study evaluates dental technicians knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about infection control practices. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire for dental technicians working in Istanbul between July 03, 2021, and January 31, 2022. The questionnaire comprised 38 multiple-choice questions on demographic information, infection control awareness, disinfection practices, personal protective equipment use, and Hepatitis B vaccination. Results: In the research, 256 dental technicians took part, and 73% of them graduated from were graduates of dental lab technician school. The rate of those who received infection control training was 60.2%. 72.3% of the participants were vaccinated against hepatitis B, and 8.6% were not vaccinated due to their immunity. 59.4% of dentists did not inform the laboratories about the sent materials disinfection status. Although 97.3% of the technicians thought there was a risk of infectious disease transmission from impressions and prostheses delivered from dental clinics, they disinfected 88.7% of the alginate impressions and 87.5% of the silicone and polyether impressions. The rate of those who used all the equipment, gloves, masks, and eye protection during disinfection was 31.7%. Medical wastes were separated in 40.6% of the laboratories. 69.9% of technicians thought the infection control procedures were adequate in their laboratories, whereas 20.7% did not. Conclusion: It would be beneficial for dental technicians to receive infection control training to increase their knowledge about disinfection practices and the use of personal protective equipment. We suggest that contaminated materials be transported to laboratories after being disinfected at dental clinics, infection control guidelines for dental prosthesis laboratories should be established, and regular inspections should be conducted to reduce the risk of cross-infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to determine the frequency, type, and mortality rate of central nervous system infections (CNSI) in patients infected with the human immune deficiency virus (HIV). Methods: A total of 353 HIV/AIDS cases hospitalized in our clinic between January 2014 and March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients diagnosed with CNSI were included in the study. Epidemiological data, diagnoses, clinical, and laboratory information, and clinical progress data of the cases were collected from patient files and recorded. Variables were analyzed. Results: Thirty-four (9.6%) of 353 inpatients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS were followed with CNSI diagnosis. 88.2% of the cases were male, and the median age was 43.5 [interquartile range (IQR)= 26-62) ]. Toxoplasma encephalitis (n=7, 20.6% ), neurosyphilis (n=7, 20.6%), tuberculous meningitis (n=4, 11.8%), cryptococcal meningitis (n=4, 11.8%), HIV encephalopathy (n =3, 8.8%), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) (n=3, 8.8%), and bacterial meningitis (n=2, 5.9%), and 1 case of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis, varicella zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis, chronic encephalitis, cytomegalovirus (CMV) meningoencephalitis were seen. The median CD4+ T lymphocyte count of the cases was 44.5 /uL (IQR=5-627), HIV RNA level was 215 000 copies/mL (IQR=20-617 000) in patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART), 227 500 (IQR=32 000-4 500 000) copies/ml in patients not receiving ART. CD4+ T lymphocyte count of 25 (73.4%) patients was <200/uL. Twenty-one patients (61.8% ) were simultaneously diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and CNSI, and 14 were in the AIDS stage. The mortality rate was 32.4 % (n=11), and all fatal cases had CD4+ T lymphocyte counts below 200/uL. Conclusion: Central nervous system infections continue to cause severe mortality and morbidity in HIV-infected individuals. We observed that the frequency and mortality rate of CNSI is higher in patients who do not know their HIV status, late-presenters, and those who are not under treatment and/or do not adhere to treatment. Facilitating access to diagnostic tests, rapid treatment initiation, and counseling on treatment compliance is essential to prevent CNSI and, thus, reduce mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The monocyte/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio (MHR), neutrophil/HDL cholesterol ratio (NHR), and lymphocyte/HDL cholesterol ratio (LHR) are new inflammatory parameters associated with inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to compare MHR, NHR, and LHR between patients with rosacea and healthy controls and determine the relationship of these parameters with disease severity. Materials and Methods: The study retrospectively included 82 patients who presented to our hospital with rosacea and 82 healthy controls. The MHR, NHR, and LHR of the patient and control groups were calculated. Patients were divided into groups according to the clinical subtypes, disease severity, and presence of Demodex mites. Results: Of the 82 patients included in the study, 62 (75.6%) were female and 20 (24.4%) were male, and their mean age was 41.95±1.2 (22-65.43) years. The mean MHR values of the rosacea and control groups were 0.01±0.005 and 0.009±0.003, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.01). The mean NHR values of the rosacea and control groups were 0.10±0.05 and 0.08±0.02, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.04). The mean LHR values of the rosacea and control groups were 0.05±0.02 and 0.04±0.01, respectively, indicating no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). For the prediction of patients with rosacea, the cut-off MHR was calculated as 0.009 (67% sensitivity and 60% specificity) and that of NHR was 0.08 (64% sensitivity and 60% specificity). Conclusion: The results reveal that MHR and NHR parameters can be used as indicators of systemic inflammation in patients with rosacea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin C is used in different cancer treatments to reduce treatment-related side effects and increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, the free radical scavenging property of vitamin C, its inhibitory effect and its role in inducing oxidative stress may change the effectiveness of treatments. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of Bortezomib, vitamin C, and their combinations which are used as chemotherapeutic-cytotoxic agents in the treatment of leukemia, on HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Materials and Methods: HL-60 cells were incubated with Bortezomib (1-100 nM), vitamin C (1-100 µM) concentrations and their combinations for 24 hours. Single concentrations of bortezomib and vitamin C and the cytotoxic effects of their combination were analyzed by the MTT method, the genotoxic effects were analyzed by the Comet assay method, and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed by the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe method. Results: Bortezomib was found to have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in relation to concentration in HL-60 cells (p<0.001), while vitamin C (except 100 µM) did not produce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects (p>0.05). In bortezomib+vitamin C combinations, higher vitamin C concentrations were found to produce higher cytotoxic, genotoxic effects and increase intracellular ROS levels (p<0.001). However, these effects were not as strong as the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects obtained when bortezomib was administered at single concentrations. Conclusions: Compared to the single-administered concentrations effects of Bortezomib in HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, the combination of Bortezomib+vitamin C resulted in less cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and intracellular ROS generation. These potential effects of vitamin C should be considered in cancer treatment. Supporting these results with different leukemia cell lines, in vivo and preclinical studies may help to increase the oncological efficacy in leukemia treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aim to contribute to open heart surgery by revealing how different fluids used as prime solution during Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) affect oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients, 21 men and 9 women, who underwent open heart surgery for various reasons were included in this study. Patients according to the prime solutions used 1. Group: Lactic Ringer was divided into two groups as 2 Groups: Isolyte S. A total of 4 blood samples were taken from these patients after anesthesia induction, after cross-clamping during CPB, on the 1st day and the 5th day after the operation. Total antioxidant stress (TAS), total oxidative stress (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSSI) were studied from the samples taken. The results were evaluated statistically. Results: Samples collected in this study were compared before prime solution (before CPB) and after CPB. In the group using Ringer Lactate (RL) on the 5th day postoperatively, the TOS value was statistically significantly lower than the preoperative period (p=0.015). Again, when the OSI values were compared, it was seen that the OSI value of the Ringer Lactate (RL) group was statistically significantly lower (p=0.032). Conclusions: As a result of our study, it was seen that the TOS and OSI values of the two types of prime solutions (Ringer Lactate and Isolayt S) frequently used during Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) were lower in the Ringer Lactate (RL) group and superior in the Isolayt S group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To compare the lipid profile of preeclamptic pregnant women with the lipid profile of normal pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of 40 severe preeclamptic, 40 mild preeclamptic, and 40 healthy pregnant patients who were prospectively admitted to the hospital in Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between June 2021 and June 2022. Age, pregnancy and delivery numbers, blood pressure and pulse values, Body Mass Index (BMI), blood total cholesterol, LDL, HDL triglyceride (TG) levels and hemogram parameters (Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, WBC, Platelet count and MPV) of all patients were evaluated.he study was planned as descriptive cross-sectional. The attitudes of the students studying at the Faculty of medicine towards scientific research were questioned. In the study, the "Attitude Scale Towards Scientific Research" was used. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between systolic - diastolic blood pressures and heart rate values according to the groups (p<0.001 for all groups). It was found that the BMI of the pregnant women in the preeclampsia (PE) groups was higher than the control group and there was a significant difference between the BMIs according to the groups (p<0.001). It was determined that total cholesterol, TG and LDL values of pregnant women with preeclampsia were higher than healthy pregnant women, and HDL values were lower than healthy pregnant women (p<0.001). Conclusions: In this study, it was observed that the lipid profile in PE patients was higher than the lipid profile in normal pregnant women, and preeclamptic pregnant women were more obese. It was concluded that pregnant women with preeclampsia are a risky group in terms of lipid profile and should be followed up in the postpartum period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study, it was aimed to determine the opinions and experiences of family physicians regarding the practice of obtaining reported drugs directly from the pharmacy during the Covid-19 pandemic period. Materials and Methods: The research is of cross-sectional type. The population of the research consisted of 427 family physicians who are actively working in Şanlıurfa and are members of Şanlıurfa Association of Family Physicians (ŞUAHED). 206 family physicians participated in the study. Research data were collected with a structured questionnaire. The application of the questionnaire was done electronically using the ŞUAHED communication phrase. Results: It was determined that 94.2% of family physicians were satisfied or very satisfied with the application. As the positive aspects of the application; As the negative aspects of the application; It was determined that 2 different answers were given regarding the concern that the drug did not reach the patient and the vulnerability, and these were between 46.1 and 68.4%, and there was a response regarding the continued administration of the drugs that were removed from the treatment, and this was at the level of 59.2%. Conclusions: Significant experience has been gained with the application. The application should not be used only as a crisis application. It should be added to the health system by making arrangements for its negative aspects and improvements for its positive aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of our study is to compare laparoscopic and abdominal myomectomies performed in our clinic and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic myomectomies. Materials and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated 314 cases who were threated with myomectomy operation in our clinic between 2012-2022. All of the cases were divided into two groups with respect to the surgical procedure performed. 314 patients were in the abdominal myomectomy group, 47 patients were in the laparoscopic myomectomy group and the groups were compared. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic data (p>0.05). When the groups were evaluated in terms of postoperative white blood cell(WBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet values, operation time, hospitalisation time, postoperative blood transfusion and perioperative complications, no statistically significant difference was observed (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant difference in terms of preoperative WBC and CRP values between the groups, but postoperative WBC and CRP values were lower in the laparoscopic myomectomy group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Laparoscopic myomectomy has a short recovery time and aesthetic advantage. However, equipment and the need of experienced surgeons limit its applicability. With the development of laparoscopic technologies and increasing the experience of surgeons with laparoscopic surgery, it will provide a serious advantage over the abdominal method in terms of less blood loss, less hospital stay, shorter operation times, less trauma and better cosmetic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes and complications of Olympus and Karl Storz bipolar transurethral bladder resection in the treatment of bladder tumors in non-invasive bladder cancer patients. Materials and Methods: After obtaining approval from the Ethics Committee (Decision No. 2023/5-17), all patients who underwent transurethral bladder tumor resection using Olympus and Karl Storz bipolar systems between January 01, 2019 and February 28, 2023 were evaluated. The demographic data of the patients, transfusion requirement, tumor size, and perioperative complications were compared. Results: It was observed that out of the 75 patients included in the study, 45 were operated on with Olympus, and 30 were operated on with Karl Storz. In the Olympus group, the change in hemoglobin (hgb) was found to be 1.11±0.61 gr/dl, while in the Karl Storz group, it was 1.35±0.82 gr/dl, and no statistically significant difference was observed (p= 0.180). Tumor size was 3.20±1.55 cm in the Olympus group and 4.20±2.79 cm in the Karl Storz group. Similarly, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of obturator reflex, presence of bladder perforation, blood transfusion, and postoperative clot retention. Conclusions: The use of both bipolar systems' technology is safe and effective in the transurethral resection of non-invasive bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It was aimed to present the knowledge, awareness levels and clinical follow-up data of the hepatitis B infected healthcare workers about hepatitis B virus in our hospital. Materials and Methods: In this study, HBsAg positivity among healthcare workers who were screened by Occupational Health and Safety Unit at Batman Training and Research Hospital between 01.01.2022 and 31.12.2022 were referred to the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology outpatient clinic. The demographic characteristics of the workers, the current status of hepatitis B, the vaccination status of family members, the history of sharp injuries, and the answers to the questions about the stigma exposure due to hepatitis B were evaluated. The results of advanced laboratory tests related to hepatitis B of the patients were analyzed. Results: HBsAg positivity was detected in 69 (3.2%) of the 2148 workers who were screened. The mean age of workers was 38.55±9.21 years (min-max: 20-60), 52 (75.4%) were male. The majority of those with HBsAg positivity (n=25, 36.2%) were nurses/midwives/health officials, followed by cleaning staff (n=16, 23.2%). The diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection was first determined during occupational screening (55.2%) and secondly during family screening. It was determined that 44.8% of the workers had a history of sharp injuries, 23.3% had viral serological examinations after injury, and only 13.3% had the serology of the source checked. It was observed that 14 (20.9%) workers diagnosed of hepatitis B did not tell other healthcare workers about their diagnosis. It was found that of those with HBsAg positivity 28 (41.8%) never came to the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology or Gastroenterology outpatient controls, 10 (14.9%) rarely came, and 8 (11.6%) received treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Conclusions: In this study, the fact that healthcare workers did not go to outpatient follow-ups at regular intervals for further examination and treatment despite the suspicion of hepatitis B infection with life-threatening chronic complications or the known disease suggests that they do not have sufficient awareness of the disease. In addition, the lack of serological control of the source when exposed to sharps injuries is an important problem of preventing infectious diseases. The data of the study reveal that training for workers should be given more importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Self-efficacy and health literacy levels of nursing students are very important in terms of accessing, understanding, evaluating and applying health-related information. The aim of this study is to examine nursing students' perceptions of general self-efficacy, health literacy and influencing factors. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the nursing department of a public university between 01-11 November 2022. The population of the descriptive study consisted of 627 students and the sample consisted of 519 (82.7%) students. The data were collected by face-to-face interview technique. Introductory information form prepared by the researchers, General Proficiency Scale and Health Literacy Scale were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, t test for independent groups, Mann Whitney U Test, Analysis of Variance, Kruskal Wallis Analysis and Correlation Analysis were performed. Before starting the study, permission was obtained from the ethics committee, the institution and the participants. Results: The average age of the students is 21.10±2.59, 70.5% of them are women and 63% of them have less income than their expenses. 51.3% of the participants stated that they perceive their health at a moderate level, 7.9% have a chronic disease, 4.4% have mental problems, 13.1% smoke, 19.5% drink alcohol, 74.2% do regular exercise. The students' general self-efficacy scale mean score was 52.07±3.18, and the health literacy scale mean score was 102.94 ± 16.95. Self-efficacy scale mean score (t=2.695, p=.007) and health literacy scale mean score (t=4.719, p=.000) of the women participating in the study were significantly higher. Self-efficacy scale mean score (t=-2.026, p=.043) and health literacy scale mean score (t=4.496, p=.000) of the students who exercised were found to be significantly higher. A very weak and negative negative correlation was found between the general self-efficacy scale and the health literacy scale (r=.-114, p=.010). Conclusions: It is seen that the general self-efficacy perceptions and health literacy levels of the students are not at the desired level. Interventional nursing studies are recommended to increase students' general self-efficacy perceptions and health literacy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the retrospective analysis of sociodemographic characteristics of patients with Placenta Percreta. Materials and Methods: The files of the patients who were operated on in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Harran University Research and Application Hospital between March 2021 and March 2022 and who were diagnosed with placenta percrata histopathologically were reviewed retrospectively, and the sociodemographic data obtained were recorded in the information forms prepared by us. The socio-demographic characteristics obtained from the information forms were statistically analyzed. Results: The meanage of 110 patients participating in the study was 31.18 ±5.55, the average weight was 67.18 ±11.96, the average height was 156.54 ± 4.48, the mean body mass index was 25,8 ±2.7 .The gravida of the patients was 4.81±2.37, the parity was 3.27±1.69, and the cesarean section number was 3.22±1.68. It was observed that the patients mostly resided in the village (50%), most of them had greencards (50%), 90% of them never smoked, nobody used alcohol, and the majority of them were illiterate (40.9%). When the occupational employment status of the patients was examined, it was observed that the majority of them (94.5%) did not work. When the citizens hipstatus of the patients was examined, it was observed that 82.7% were citizens of the Republic of Turkey and 17.3% were Syrian nationals. Conclusions: In conclusion, placenta perkrata is among the important causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. This study is the first to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics of placenta perkrata patients. At the end of the study, it was observed that these patients mostly lived in rural are asand the number of cesarean sections was quite high. Since placenta percreta is among the important causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, placenta percreta can be reduced by increasing education and health literacy about birth control methods, especially for mothers living in rural areas. By raising awareness in this way, maternal deaths can be prevented as well as maternal morbidity and maternal mortality can be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The emergency department (ED) is unique in cases of death. However, ED outcomes for young age deaths have not been widely reported in literatures. We aimed to examine the young adult deaths of an academic ED and its precursor. Materials and Methods: The study includes a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 256 consecutive deaths of young adults aged 18-45 years who applied to ED between 2018-2023. Chi-Square Tests were used to analyze the relationship between variables, Mann Whitney U test was used for bivariate data analysis, Kruskal Wallis H test was used for more than two data analysis. Statistically, p>0.05 was considered significant. Results: 66.4% (n=170) of the cases were male, 33.6% (n=87) were female, mean age was 30.84 (18-45) and mean cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) time was 41.48 (0-240) minutes. It was found that 82.8% (n=212) of the cases were admitted by ambulance. 12:01-18:00 hours were the most intense admission interval with 39.8% (n=102). It was determined that there was no significant relationship between the time of arrival in the ED and the cause of death (p>0.05), When the causes of death are trauma 21.1% (n=54), organ failure10.5% (n=27), and cardiac7% (n=18) causes, are aligned respectively. The most common complaints of the cases to the ED were trauma 18.4% (n=47), shortness of breath 18%(n=46) and sudden loss of consciousness 9.4% (n=24) and unconsciousness 9.4% (n=24). Conclusions: Our research has multiple results. The primary result is that trauma, cardiac and other medical causes came first place in young deaths, respectively. It is important to develop institutional policies to increase the survival rate for preventable young deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19 disease (coronavirus disease-2019) is a disease caused by the coronavirus (CoV) family, which carries a ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome. Although the lung is the most frequently involved organ in COVID-19 disease, the gastro-intestinal system and liver (liver) can also be affected. In this study, we aimed to evaluate liver laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: In the study, transaminase (AST, ALT) and cholestasis (ALP, GGT) enzymes and albumin levels at the first admission of 300 COVID-19 patients who applied to our hospital between 01.10.2020 and 01.12.2021 were examined. Our patients were examined in two groups as those followed in the ward and those followed in the intensive care unit (ICU). The laboratory results of the patients were evaluated and comparisons were made. Results: 173 (57.7%) of the patients were male, 127 (42.3%) were female and their mean age was 53 (min 18 - max 95) years. 266 (88.7%) of the patients were followed in the service, the other 34 (11.3%) patients needed to be followed up in the intensive care unit (ICU). were followed up in the intensive care unit (ICU). The total follow-up period of all patients was 7.2 (min 1 - max 23) days. It was observed that the mean follow-up time of patients who needed ICU (9.6 [min 6 - max 14]) was significantly longer than those followed in the service (6.5 [min 1 - max 17]) (p = 0.001). 69% of the patients had AST elevation, 29% had ALT elevation, 16.3% had ALP elevation and 28.3% had GGT elevation, whereas albumin rate was found to be low in 19.3% of the patients. When compared with the patients followed in the service; AST (p = 0.033), GGT (p = 0.016) and ALP (p = 0.006) values were found to be higher in patients followed in the intensive care unit, whereas albumin (p = 0.022) values were found to be lower. Conclusions: When liver damage develops due to COVID-19, it was seen that AST, ALT, GGT and albumin abnormalities were seen, respectively. When liver damage developed due to COVID-19, it was observed that especially AST values were affected more frequently and more than cholestasis enzymes. It was determined that AST, GGT and ALP increased more in those who needed ICU compared to the patients who were hospitalized in the service. Although it is thought that the COVID-19 disease agent is not hepatotropic, monitoring of transaminase and cholestasis enzymes, especially in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients, guides the evaluation of liver damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of health literacy is seen as reading, understanding and using the health information of the individual to improve his/her health. Individuals who acquire this literacy at a high level can overcome the problems related to health communication. The study aims to determine the health literacy levels of individuals residing in Manisa and to reveal the effect of health literacy on health communication problems. The sample size is calculated to be 384, and a total of 586 individuals are included in the study. In the study, it is aimed to determine whether there is a difference between health literacy and its sub-dimensions and demographic characteristics, whether there is a difference between health communication problems and sub-dimensions and demographic characteristics, and whether there is an effect of health literacy on health communication problems. The data are collected using the questionnaire technique and analyzed using the SPSS 25 package program. Descriptive statistics, t-test analysis, ANOVA test analysis and regression analysis are used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, statistical significance is determined according to the regression analysis between the health literacy scale and the health communication problems scale (p<0.05). According to the analysis, 0.8% of the change in Health Communication Problems is explained by the Health Literacy scale (R2=0.008). The increase in Health Literacy scale is reflected in Health Communication Problems (B=0.11). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Malnutrition is held responsible for more than 50% of death in childhood. Malnutrition in children, who is so sick that hospitalization is needed, is much more serious since effecting length of stay, morbidity, mortality, quality of life and costs. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between malnutrition and nutritional status of hospitalized children during admission together with some demographic factors set by us. Materials and Methods: In this study, 293 children aged 1 month to 18 years old who were hospitalized and monitored in Child Health and Disease Department in Meram Medical Faculty Hospital of Necmettin Erbakan University between November 2014 and January 2015 were included. The survey type information form prepared to collect data about the socio-demographic factors was filled with the consent of the family. Results: Of the 293 cases, 117 (39.9%) were girls, 176 (60.1%) were boys, and the age range was 1 month to 18 years, with a mean age of 5.97±5.59 years. The average weight of the patients was 22.46±23.71 kg, the average height was 101.59±37.82 cm, and the average body mass index was 16.33±3.42. Malnutrition was not stated in any case. Out of 293, in 154 (52.5%) cases acute malnutrition according to Gomez classification was detected immediately during admission. Out of 293, in 84 (28.6%) patients acute malnutrition according to Waterlow classification was detected immediately during admission. Out of 293, in 131 (44.7%) patients chronic malnutrition was detected immediately during admission. Conclusion: The nutritional risk with child patients during their admissions to our hospital is 52.5% according to Gomez classification, and 28.6% according to Waterlow classification. Hospitalization of children does not have a negative impact on their nutritional status, and unfortunately does not reduce the frequency of high malnutrition which is the main cause of morbidity and of mortality. There is a need to raise awareness of the health professionals about this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acute leukemias are the most common malignancy of childhood, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common subtype. In this study; we aimed to asses to acute endocrine and metabolic complications which occurs during treatment. Newly diagnosed ALL patients were included in the study. Materials and Methods: The endocrine and metabolic complication of 293 patients aged 1-18 years old who were newly diagnosed ALL between January 2007 and December 2017 in Uludağ University Faculty, Department of Pediatric Hematology were analyzed. Patients' age, gender, risk groups, leukemia subtypes, and chemotherapy phases at the time of endocrine complications were noted. Results: In total, 250 patients were follow-up with B-ALL and 43 patients with T-ALL. 64% (n=188) of patients were male and 36% (n=105) were female. In our study, 36.4% of patients were in the high risk group but ten of the patients died before the risk group could be determined. During the two-year treatment, We found that 83% of the patients developed at least one endocrine complication. Hyperglycemia, osteoporosis and avascular necrosis were observed more frequently in patients older than 10 years at the time of diagnosis. The difference between the sexes was found only in vitamin D and was lower in girls. In regression analysis, only to be high risk group were found to be effective for the development of endocrine complications. Conclusion: Although the chemotherapeutics used today have prolonged the survival time, they have caused an increase in the incidence of complications. We think that these complications can be reduced by determining the risk factors in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Osteoporosis is an important public health problem characterized by the deterioration of the microarchitecture of bone tissue and low bone mineral density. In our study, we compared the physical activity levels and quality of life of postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 104 postmenopausal women (52 osteoporosis-52 non-osteoporosis). Personal characteristics data form, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Short Form and Quality of Life Questionnaire of The European Foundation for Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO-41) were used for evaluation. Results: QUALEFFO-41 mobility, QUALEFFO-41 mental functions, and QUALEFFO-41 total scores of individuals with osteoporosis were found to be significantly higher than individuals without a diagnosis of osteoporosis (p=0.046, p=0.001, p=0.024, respectively). Physical activity levels of individuals with and without a diagnosis of osteoporosis were found to be similar according to the IPAQ classification (p>0.05). There was a weak negative correlation between the IPAQ total scores and the QUALEFFO-41 total scores of individuals with osteoporosis (p=0.007). Conclusion: The quality of life of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis is low, and the increase in physical activity level is associated with a better quality of life. Increasing the level of physical activity in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis may have a positive effect on improving the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to determine the health literacy level of individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 156 individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis between April 2021 and April 2022. Data were collected using the personal information form and the Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32. Results: It was determined that 48.1% (n=75) of the individuals included in the study had an inadequate, 23.1% (n=36) problematic-limited, 17.3% (n=27) adequate, 11.5% (n=18) excellent level of health literacy. It was found that the total mean score of health literacy was higher in individuals aged 65 and over compared with those under 65 years of age; individuals with university degrees, compared to primary, secondary, and high school graduates; individuals living in an extended family compared to those living in a nuclear family; individuals living in the city center, compared to those living in the district center and village/town; individuals whose income is equal to their expenses and income is more than their expenses than those whose income is less than their expenses (p<0.05). Conclusion: Approximately two-thirds of individuals diagnosed with osteoporosis have limited or insufficient level of health literacy. Health professionals should evaluate the health literacy level of individuals with osteoporosis, and as a result, they should plan appropriate information methods and training programs for the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to measure whether there is a significant relationship between employees' perception of transformational leadership and the level of organizational commitment. The study involved 446 healthcare workers in Kayseri province. In this study "The Transformational Leadership Scale" developed by Podsakoff et al. (1990) and translated into Turkish by İşcan (2002) and the Organizational Commitment Scales developed by Meyer, Allen, and Smith (1993) and translated into Turkish by Dağlı, Elçiçek, and Han (2017) were used. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships of the variables. The frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation values, which are among the descriptive statistics, were used to assess employees' level of transformational leadership and organizational commitment. From the analyzes, it was found that employees' perceptions of transformational leadership (3.64), affective commitment (3.57), continuance commitment (3.25), and normative commitment (3.13) were at a "moderate" level. According to the results of the study, positive correlations were found at "moderate" level (0.676) between transformational leadership and affective commitment, "weak" (0.450) between transformational leadership and continuance commitment, and "weak" (0.389) between transformational leadership and normative commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study determined whether children have sleep disorders during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic restriction process, and if they do, to determine in which areas they have problems with sleep, as well as to examine the relationship of sleep disorder with chronotype and coronavirus anxiety. Materials and Methods: In April-November 2020, 98 patients attending Kocaeli University Child Psychiatry clinics and attending primary school 1-4th grade were recruited. "Sociodemographic Form", "Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire", and "Children's Chronotype Questionnaire" were applied to the parents. The short form of the "Coronavirus Anxiety Scale" and the information form about the pandemic process were applied to the children. Results: According to the sleep habits questionnaire, 70.4% of the group had clinically significant sleep problems. The most common sleep disorders observed in our study; are bedtime resistance, delayed falling asleep, and nighttime awakenings. A significant relationship was found between physical illness in the family (p=0.019), smoking (p=0.032), sleep pattern change during the pandemic (p=0.002), sleep change of the mother (p=0.006) and/or father (p=0.035), change in appetite (p=0.010), and sleep disorder. According to the chronotype scale, 66 children were morning and children's anxiety toward coronavirus was low. Conclusion: Our study shows that sleep disturbance in children is marked during the pandemic period, but this is due to changes in sleep patterns and parents' sleep rather than problems related to anxiety or chronotype associated with the pandemic. It will be useful to question these factors and make arrangements in this direction when evaluating the sleep-related problems of patients who apply to outpatient clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the sleep and habits of adolescents. Materials and Methods: The data required for the research were collected between December 25, 2021 and February 10, 2022. The study group of the research consisted of adolescents aged 12-18 years. In the collection of research data, online survey method, socio-demographic data collection form, Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire were used from 350 adolescents between the ages of 12-18 who had parental consent, participated voluntarily, and were selected by the convenience sampling method, one of the improbable sampling methods. SPSS 26.0 data analysis program was used in the statistical analysis of the data obtained in the study, and Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used in the analysis of sleep habits of children according to gender, age and educational status. Results: In the evaluation of sleep and sleep habits of adolescents, 56.3% were boys and 43.7% were girls. When analyzed according to education groups, 23.7% are university students, 42.9% are high school students and 33.4% are secondary school students. The difference between the averages of sleep hours "child sleep habits" rankings according to their socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender and educational status) was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). According to the sleep time variable, the difference between the mean scores of the "bedtime resistance", "delay in falling asleep", "sleep time", "sleep anxiety", "night awakenings", "parasomnias" and "sleep respiratory deterioration" dimensions were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Socio-demographic factors and sleep habits have an important place in the evaluation of sleep and sleep habits of adolescents. To evaluate the sleep and sleep habits of adolescents, it is recommended to conduct research on the biological, psychological and social aspects of the factors affecting their sleep habits in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study included participants from Hacettepe University 4th, 5th, and 6th-grade students of Medical School and 4th and 5th-grade students of Dental School; and aimed to evaluate the general health status, COVID-19 history, vaccination status, and SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels of the participants to support their physical and social health, during the pandemic period. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted with an integrated, matched, nested case-control study. Sociodemographic characteristics, life habits, COVID-19 history, vaccination status, compliance with mask-distance-hygiene rules, and risks (if any) for COVID-19 were inquired via online questionnaires. Physical examinations, complete blood count, biochemistry tests, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody tests were conducted for all consenting participants. All analyses were established using depersonalized data. Results: Of the 778 participants completing the baseline visit in June-July 2021, the percentages of those vaccinated with at least one, two, and three/more doses of COVID-19 vaccine were 99.1%, 98.0%, and 11.7%, respectively; one had four doses. The median (minimum-maximum) time since the last vaccination was 134 (34-166) days for those vaccinated with two doses [CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China)] and 25 (14-56) days for those vaccinated with three doses [two doses of CoronaVac and a last dose of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty®). The third dose was applied at a median of 164 (151-202) days after the second dose, and all were heterologous in type. The median (minimum-maximum) antibody level for the overall group was 53.55(0-5680) BAU/mL: 47.19 BAU/mL in those who received two doses, with a more than 100 times increase after a third dose (4943.64 BAU/mL). Of the 522 participants followed up to October 1, 2021, 6 PCR-positive symptomatic participants were diagnosed with COVID-19: the incidence rate was 4/1000 person-months. Conclusion: A 100-fold neutralizing antibody level following the third dose demonstrated the importance of a booster dose. Given the time lag between doses, antibody measurements of BioNTech recipients should be repeated in the upcoming months. Booster selection should involve antibody level, variant sensitivity of the vaccine, and individual characteristics of the recipient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection--also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)--is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, especially in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The prevalence of HHV-8/KSHV varies according to country and geographical region. However, despite the increasing amount of research on HHV-8/KSHV after identifying the virus, few studies have systematically collected data on the scientific production process. Therefore, this study aimed to make a bibliometric evaluation of the literature on HIV/AIDS-associated HHV-8/KSHV. Methods: Scientific publications produced in Turkey were analyzed using specific keywords of AIDS-related HHV-8/KSHV in the Scopus database between 2001 and 2020. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the collected data was reviewed using appropriate bibliometric indicators regarding the number of publications, publication language, most influential institutions, most cited publications, active authors, and active journals. In addition, the VOSviewer v.1.6.16 program (Leiden University's Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden, Holland) was used to create a keyword network map and determine research interest areas and relationships. Results: There were 40 scientific publications produced in Turkey. The first publication of AIDS-related HHV-8/KSHV in Turkey was in 2001 (n=5, 5%). Most studies were conducted in 2013 and 2020 (n=5, 12.5%). The highest number of publications were in English (82.5%), and 7.5% were published in the Journal of Microbiology Bulletin. Generally, the publications were in article form (82.5%) and in the area of medical sciences (95%). Kaposi's sarcoma was the most frequently used word in the map created with the network analysis of the keywords. Conclusion: The literature review shows that our study is the first bibliometric study on AIDS-related HHV-8/KSHV. Compared to worldwide publications in the study period, the publications from Turkey on the subject were observed to be late start and few. As a result, it has been concluded that new studies are essential in our country, where publications on AIDS-related HHV-8/KSHV are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Our study aimed to reveal the syphilis coinfection data in patients living with HIV. In this context, data on coinfection rates, the period in which syphilis was diagnosed, reinfection rates, and the determination of the population at risk for syphilis in patients living with HIV/AIDS were presented. Methods: Patients with HIV/AIDS confirmed between January 2016 and December 2020 at a training and research hospital were retrospectively screened for syphilis serological examinations (RPR, TPHA). The conventional diagnostic algorithm was used in all patients. Results: The rate of syphilis co-infection was 23.38% (47/201) in 201 individuals living with HIV in our patient population. Of 47 HIV/syphilis co-infected patients included in the study, 4.2% were female, and 95.8% were male. The mean age of our patients was 41.11±12.42 years. Primary syphilis was diagnosed in 6 (14.2%) patients; secondary syphilis was diagnosed in 3 (7.1%) patients, and 38 (80.8%) patients were diagnosed in the latent syphilis period. We did not have a patient diagnosed with tertiary syphilis, neurosyphilis, or congenital syphilis. Twenty-six patients (55.3%) were heterosexual, 17 patients (36.2%) were men who had sex with men (MSM), and four patients (8.5%) were bisexual. While syphilis co-infection rates were 17.9% (26/145) in heterosexual individuals, it was 37.5% (21/56) in MSM and bisexual individuals. While 32 patients (68%) were in the HIV infection stage, 15 (32%) were diagnosed with AIDS. Reinfection was detected in 8.51% (4/47) of the patients. Conclusion: Most HIV/syphilis co-infected patients are male individuals who have sex with men diagnosed with latent syphilis. HIV/AIDS and syphilis infections are increasing every year in our country. Undetectable= Untransmissible approach causes prevention methods to be thrown into the background. Sexual protection with barrier methods in patients living with HIV continues to maintain its importance today due to co-infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The primary aim of the study was to analyze the changes in time in HIV care and management and virologic success rates. The secondary aims were to analyze the epidemiological features, clinical and laboratory findings, and factors affecting survival. Methods: HIV-infected individuals aged ≥ 18 years presenting to our clinic between January 1996 and December 2015 were included. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records, and two decades (1996-2005 and 2006-2015) were analyzed. Results: Overall, 80% were male; the median age (min; max) was 36.43 (17; 77) years. Patients with stage 3 disease were significantly higher in the first decade compared to the second decade (p=0.00). The median (min; max) CD4+ T lymphocyte count at baseline was 160 (3; 650) and 355 (0; 1800) cells/mm3 in the first and second decades, respectively (p=0.00). The treatment initiation rate was 94.2%; virologic suppression rates at six months of treatment and throughout the total follow-up time were 70.1% and 78.1%, respectively. The difference between the two decades in virologic suppression was significant (p=0.004). AIDS-defining disease developed in 12.9% (52.6% in the first and 11% in the second decade) (p=0.01). The adverse event rate was 60.8%; hyperlipidemia was the most common (60.2%). The death rate was 6.5% and lymphoma (14.3%) and tuberculosis (10.9%) were the most common causes of death. The estimated survival time was 272 months (95% confidence interval 225-320). The inability to achieve virologic suppression, an AIDS-defining disease, and a baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte count <200 cells/mm³ was inversely correlated with survival time. Conclusion: Significant improvements in HIV care and management were recorded in time in our cohort in line with the improvements in global HIV care. Treatment and viral suppression rates were above the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS -- UNAIDS 90-90-90 target in the second decade. This may be attributed to the recent developments in antiretroviral treatment and the competence of the HIV team in the Aegean University Medical Faculty Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) can be easily missed due to challenges in diagnosis or overlooked in the differential diagnosis. Therefore, EPTB should be considered in endemic regions, especially in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin. Methods: Adult patients diagnosed and treated for EPTB at Ondokuz Mayıs University School of Medicine Hospital between 2005 and 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: One hundred and nineteen patients with a mean age of 48.4±17.8 years, including 75 (63%) females and 44 (37%) males, were included in the study. The mean age of female patients was 51.8±16.7, and the mean age of male patients was 42.6±18.4. Female patients were significantly older than male patients (p<0.05). Urban and rural residency rates were 45.4 and 40%, respectively. EPTB involved lymph nodes in 60 (50.4%), the central nervous system in 15 (12.6%), the vertebral column in 14 (11.8%), bone in 7 (5.9%), the urogenital system in 7 (5.9%), peritoneum in 6 (5%), the gastrointestinal system in 6 (5%), pleura in 3 (2.5%) and eye in 1 (0.8%) patient. Acid-fast bacilli were seen in 4 (8.1%) of 49 samples; Mycobacterium tuberculosis grew in cultures of 29 (48.3%) of 60 samples; and the polymerase chain reaction was positive for tuberculosis in 24 (52%) of 46 samples. In the histopathologic examination, caseous granulomatous inflammation was the most reported finding (41.2%). The most common adverse event related to antituberculosis drugs was hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: EPTB can involve various organ systems and should be included in the differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We conducted this study to determine the factors that cause foot ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with or without diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study compared the feet examination results of 43 Type 2 DM patients with or without DFU. The study data were collected using a patient identification form and a diabetic foot examination form. Data are presented as percent, mean, and standard deviation. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis. The statistical significance level was taken as p<0.05. Results: Of the patients, 63% were male, 79% were married, their mean age was 63.16±9.43, and the mean diabetes year was 18.44±7.77. 74% of the patients had a previous DFU. Of the existing DFU, 58% were on the right foot, 49% were on the toes, 49% were Wagner grade 2, and 37% were infected. There was edema and warmth in the DFU foot (p<0.05). DFU foot had a weaker sense of touch and vibration than the other. Ankle-Brakial Index was below 0.9. Foot pulses were weak, and there were deformities. Conclusion: Patients with DFU feet have an increased risk of recurrent ulcer formation. These patients should be followed periodically and educated about ulcer formation and signs and symptoms of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to evaluate occupational injuries in healthcare professionals exposed to the blood and body fluids of patients in our hospital for five years. Methods: A retrospective analysis of applications of healthcare professionals to the Infection Control Committee (ICC) between 2013-2017 was conducted based on the "registry and follow-up form for exposure to body fluids." Results:175 personnel applied to the ICC, and the average age of applicants was 31.5±8. 58.5% of the cases were male, and 41.5% were female. Nurses constituted the majority of applicants at 37.7%, followed by caregivers at 21.7% and interns at 17.1%. Most injuries were inflicted in operating rooms 22.3%, emergency services 18.8%, intensive care units 18.3% and surgical clinics 12.6%. 62.5% of the cases were needlestick injuries, 24.0% were due to sharps, and 13.5% were due to mucosal exposure. The source patient was identified in 144 cases (82%), whereas in 31 cases (%18), the source patient could not be identified. Sixteen of the source patients were HBsAg positive, five were anti-HCV positive, and one was anti-HIV positive. None of the personnel was infected due to the injuries. Conclusion: The number of sharp injuries can be reduced by employing more personnel, reducing work hours, and encouraging the use of personal protective equipment. In addition to providing fundamental medical knowledge, training programs should also encourage a positive attitude toward HIV / AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Vaccines are one of the promising approaches to control the pandemic. The aim of this study, which was conducted on healthcare workers who previously were or were not infected with COVID-19, was to evaluate the undesirable effects that developed after the CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China). Methods: Volunteers who were administered the first dose of inactivated CoronaVac vaccine between January 14-24, 2021, were included in this retrospective study. Demographic information was obtained from the questionnaire results and from the data of the applications made due to side effects. Results: 911 healthcare workers, 232 of whom had a history of COVID-19 were included in the study. The mean age of those with a history of COVID-19, was 36 (20-66), and 33.6% were men. 26.7% were doctors, 34.9% were nurses, 155 (66.8%) worked in internal and 62 (26.7%) in surgical units. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age, gender, task, and the departments they worked in. Comorbidities were present in 25.9% of the group with a history of COVID-19; the most common disease was asthma (5.6%). Allergy history was 4.3% in the group with COVID-19 and 7.8% in the other group (p=0.070). The incidence of post-vaccine adverse events (62.9%) was higher in those with a history of COVID-19 than in those without (57.1%). The most common adverse event was a headache, and it was significantly higher in the group who had COVID-19 compared to those who had not (36.6% vs. 27.7%; p=0.01). Conclusion: In our study, we observed that the rates of undesirable effects after vaccination were high in individuals with a history of COVID-19. Although it is thought that this situation may be related to the developing antibody response rates, the insufficient number of cases and the lack of determination of the antibody response after infection and vaccination are a disadvantage of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and alanine transferase (ALT) levels were measured in naive chronic hepatitis C patients and healthy control group. The relationship between the values and the histological activity of the liver was evaluated to make predictions about liver histology without the need for biopsy. Methods: A total of 86 individuals including 43 patients and 43 controls participated in the study. Serum AST, ALT, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta and IL-10 values were analyzed in patient and control groups. The correlation between liver fibrosis degree (stage) and histological activity index (HAI) scores and the IL-10, TNF-alpha, IL-10, TGF-BETA values of the case and control group was evaluated. Results: A very strong correlation was found between HAI and TNF-alpha (rho=0965). A significant relation was found between HAI and TGF-beta (rho=0.446) and statistical correlation was not found between HAI and IL-10. A significant relation was found between HAI and serum ALT values in the patient group. Conclusion: Liver biopsy is an invasive procedure with complications which may have severe results. There is a need for biochemical or radiological markers which extrapolate to liver biopsy. In our study, measurement of serum cytokine and ALT values was observed as a noninvasive method which can help to meet this need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Various inflammatory biomarkers have been associated with increased risk of severe disease, termed "cytokine storm," in COVID-19 patients. In this study, it was aimed to investigate whether there is significant difference in terms of inflammatory markers such as lymphocyte count, CRP, sedimentation, ferritin, gender and age between the patients who recovered and died. Materials and Methods: In our study, we used routine laboratory test results from patients in diagnosis and treatment process between 03.04.2020-31.12.2020. We investigated CRP, sedimentation, fibrinogen, ferritin, troponin-I, D-dimer and hemogram parameters retrospectively. We searched for statistical significance based on the parameters in the first admission blood. Results: Which included 213 patients with positive PCR test, 83 died from COVID-19-related causes, while the others were discharged. Except for the platelet counts, we found a statistically significant difference in the others. These tests were higher in patients who died at the time of first presentation. The biomarkers with the best performance in predicting ROC curve survival were Troponin-I, CRP, Ferritin, Neutrophil, and D-dimer. There was a significant difference in favor of males in mortality rates by gender. When the patients are examined, it can be said that mortality increases with age. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global disaster with high complication, mortality and more economic impact. In this process, cost-effective and appropriate indicators were needed to simplify the diagnostic process and assess disease severity. Recent studies showed how biomarkers could change with COVID-19 severity. These results can be used as an aid in clinical practice to determine treatment, guide ICU admission, and predict clinical course. Troponin-I, CRP, D-dimer, LDH and are interesting biomarkers that can be used for short-term risk stratification of patients admitted with COVID-19. More research on the prognostic value of biomarkers is needed to increase reliability and reproducibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most of the family factors that are thought to determine the course of the disease are examined with in the concept of Emotion Expression. The concept of theory of mind is the ability to understand and predict other people's emotions, intentions and mentally represent them. In this study, it is aimed to determine the emotion expressions and mind theory functions of first degree relatives of bipolar disorders patient relatives and to investigate their relations with each other. Materials and Methods: The study included 95 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder according to DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) diagnostic criteria and the same number of relatives. Socio-demographic and clinical data form was used to evaluate patients with bipolar disorder and their relatives. To assess the theory of mind skills of the patients' relatives, mind reading test and emotional expression scale were used. Short Functioning Assessment Scale was used to evaluate the functionality of the patients. Results: The study included 95 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder type-1 according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. 55 (57.9%) of the participants were female and 40 (42.1%) were male. 30 (31.6%) were single, 63 (66.3%) were married and 2 (2.1%) were divorced. A negative correlation was found between the mental reading test scores of the patient's relatives and the emotional expression scale scores (r: -0,621, p<0,001). A negative correlation was found between the eyes test scores of the relatives of the patients and the short functionality assessment scale scores of the patients (r:-0,618, p:<0,001). A significant positive correlation was determined between the emotional expression scale scores of the relatives of the patients and the the short functionality assessment scale scores of the patients (r: 0,630, p:<0,001). Conclusions: As a result of the study, it was determined that the beter the theory of mind skills of the relatives of the patients, the lower the emotional expressions to the patient, the worse the patient's relatives theory of mind skills determined by eyes test, the higher the emotional expression to the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Magnesium sulfate is an important electrolyte used in the prevention of major arrhythmias. Magnesium supplementation is generally preferred in cardiac surgery in order to increase the response to potassium supplementation and to prevent the formation of atrial fibrillation. In this study, the effect of magnesium on postoperative arrhythmias in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery was investigated. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups. 10 cc magnesium sulfate was added to the prime solution of the patients in the study group (n=15). 5 cc magnesium sulfate was added to the prime solution of the patients in the control group (n=15). Blood samples were taken preoperatively before the application of magnesium sulfate, intraoperatively after adding magnesium sulfate to the prime solution, and within the first 4 hours postoperatively. Results: The difference between the study and control groups in the demographic data of the patients was not found to be statistically significant. (p>0.05). When the groups were compared in terms of atrial fibrillation in the postoperative period, no major arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation were observed in the study group (p>0.05). Atrial fibrillation was seen in 33.3% of the patients in the control group (p<0.05) and was found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: In patients with similar demographic data and who will undergo cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, it is thought that increasing the magnesium sulfate values applied in cardiopulmonary bypass applications and added to the prime solution and giving a higher dose to the patient are effective on postoperative atrial fibrillation and arrhythmias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Midwifery is a profession that integrates scientific, artistic, and ethical values at the most critical moments of a life. It is of importance how the concepts of "midwife" and "midwifery" are perceived by future health professionals. In this context, the study aims to uncover through metaphors the midwifery students' perceptions of the concepts "midwife" and "midwifery" and the standing of these concepts in their semantic world. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the pattern of qualitative research and phenomenology. Study group consisted of the students at the Department of Midwifery, Mardin Artuklu University in the spring term of the academic year 2021-2022. The data was obtained through each student completing the sentence "Midwife/midwifery is like/looks like ... Because ...". 89 students volunteered to participate in the study. The data was analysed through content analysis. Results: According to the study results, students generated 39 different metaphors for midwife and 53 for midwifery. Metaphors for midwife are grouped under six conceptual themes, namely "blessed", "a member of the family", "guide", "strong", "helpful", and "versatile". Metaphors for midwifery are explained under seven themes, namely "guiding", "spiritual", "needed", "ancient", "versatile", manager and protector" and "promising". Conclusions: Since midwifery is a fundamental discipline in improving maternal and infant health, students' perceptions of midwife and midwifery are crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues have been widely used in the treatment of patients with central precocious puberty (CPP) for many years. In previous studies regarding the effects of GnRH analogues therapy on body mass index (BMI), conflicting results have been obtained. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of GnRH analogues therapy on BMI in girls diagnosed with CPP. Materials and Methods: In the study, a total of 145 female patients, who were treated and followed up due to CPP between September 2016 and June 2021, were included. In the retrospective review of medical records of the patients, age at admission, height, weight, BMI and standard deviation scores (SDS), bone age, Tanner stage, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, estradiol (E2) levels and the peak LH level in the GnRH stimulation test in the beginning and after the first year of treatment were evaluated. Results: The mean age of 145 patients with central precocious puberty in the beginning of treatment was 7.27±0.97 years, and the mean bone age was 9.12±1.10 years. At the beginning of treatment, 118 (81.38%) of the patients were at a normal weight or underweight, and 27 (18.62%) patients were overweight or obese. In terms of stages of puberty, 109 (75.17%) of the patients were Tanner stage 2, 30 (20.69%) patients were Tanner stage 3, and 6 (4.14%) patients were Tanner stage 4. While the mean BMI-SDS of all patients was 0.11±0.99 before the treatment, it increased significantly (p<0.001) by the end of the first year of treatment and was found as 0.35 ± 0.95. While the mean BMI-SDS of patients who were at a normal weight or underweight was -0.21± 0.78 before the treatment, it was found as 0.09±0.84 after the treatment (p < 0.001). The initial BMI-SDS of overweight or obese patients was 1.53±0.40, and it was found as 1.48±0.49 after the treatment (p=0.412). Conclusions: cious puberty increased the BMI-SDS in patients who were at a normal weight or underweight, but it did not cause any change in patients who were overweight or obese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most traumatic vertebral fractures occur in the thoracolumbar junction, lumbar spine, less frequently in the middle thoracic and upper thoracic spine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the retrospective multifactorial evaluation of cases who underwent vertebral stabilization after acute traumatic thoracolumbar fractures. Materials and Methods: Between 2020-2022, 60 patients who underwent vertebral stabilization after acute traumatic thoracolumbar fractures were evaluated postoperatively. Each patient Clinical data, type and location of fracture, presence of neurological damage, pre- and postoperative radiological measurements, post-operative complications, reoperation, Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen Spine and American Spinal Injury Association classification data were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 33.5+16.2. When the trauma etiology of the patients was examined, falling was the most common with 68.3%, car traffic accident and suicide were the second most common with 13.3%, and non-vehicle traffic accident was observed with 3.3%. Considering the localization, trauma L1 fracture was observed in 20 patients. Type B fractures were seen in 28 patients. While no complications were observed in 53 patients, revision surgery was performed in 5 patients. It was observed that the postoperative neurological examination of the patient with preoperative American Spinal Injury Association A did not change. Conclusions: Thoracolonbar fractures usually occur after high-energy trauma. It is frequently seen in the thoracolumbar junction and causes neurological deficits. Neurological recovery is limited in patients with complete deficits. However, neurological improvement can be observed in incomplete fractures. Treatment of patients should be started immediately and they should be allowed to return to their routine life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the mRNA expression levels of ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS15 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients and the effects of TNF-α/MAPK and IL-1β/NFkB signaling pathways on the regulation of the expression of these genes. Materials and Methods: 15 PsO and 15 PsA patients and 15 healthy individuals (control) were included in the study. After PBMCs were isolated from venous blood, ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS15 mRNA expression levels were measured by Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: It was found that ADAMTS9 mRNA expression in PBMCs did not change between groups, while the level of ADAMTS15 mRNA expression increased significantly in the PsA group compared to the control and PsO groups. ADAMTS9 expression was observed not changed in the control and PsA groups in response to TNF-α stimulation, but decreased in the PsO group. However; TNF-α stimulation led to an increase in ADAMTS15 expression in the control group but did not change in the PsO and PsA groups. It has been revealed that the formation of TNF-α response and related changes in ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS15 expressions were regulated by MAP kinase genes (Erk1/2, p38 and JNK). ADAMTS9 expression was determined not affected by IL-1β stimulation, however; ADAMTS15 mRNA expression was decreased only in the PsA group. In addition, NFkB signaling molecule was involved in the formation of the IL-1β response and the regulation of ADAMTS15 expression. Conclusions: ADAMTS15 expression increased in PBMCs of PsA patients is regulated by the IL-1β/NFkB signaling pathway. An increase in ADAMTS15 mRNA expressin level may play a role in PsA pathogenesis. Furthermore, the expression level of ADAMTS15 has a potential to be used as an important biomarker in monitoring the risk of PsA development for PsO patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To determine the clinical and histopathological characteristics of malignant tumors of the eyelid in terms of our region. Materials and Methods: 120 patients' files who were diagnosed with malignant eyelid tumor and followed up between January 2018 and September 2021 were scanned retrospectively in our clinic. Demographic and clinical characteristics, clinical and histopathological diagnoses, methods and follow-up results in surgical cases were recorded from the patients' files. Excisional biopsy material was obtained in all patients who underwent surgery. Results: 120 cases were included in the study. 54 (45%) of the patients were male and 66 (55%) were female. The mean age was 62.5 (35-80) years. The mean follow-up term was 20,4 months (3-36 months) for all cases. In 80% (n=96) of malignant eyelid tumors, clinical preliminary diagnosis and histopathological examination results were found to be compatible. Preoperative clinical diagnosis and postoperative histopathological diagnosis differed in 24 cases (20%). The recurrence rate was found to be 3% in all of our patients. The recurrence rates were 2% in Basal Cell Carcinoma cases and 5% in Squamous Cell Carcinoma cases. Considering the location of the tumors, 80 patients had left eyelid involvement and 40 patients had right eyelid involvement. Conclusions: Surgical excision and histopathological examination in malignant eyelid tumors are the most accurate and reliable options as they provide both diagnosis and treatment at the same time. When a malignant eyelid tumor is suspected, patients should be referred to an oculoplastic surgeon experienced in ocular oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hand cleaning is one of the most critical preventive methods against Coronavirus Disease-2019 cross-transmission. Frequent use of soap and hand washing can cause skin damage and lead to hand eczema. The aim of our study is to investigate the incidence of hand eczema in children and associated factors during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic. Materials and Methods: We distributed a self-administered online survey to the families of the children in Adıyaman, Turkey. The survey included questions about hand eczema-associated symptoms and risk factors before and during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic. In order to question the hand eczema-associated symptoms, the presence of the following findings was questioned: Dryness, itching, erythema, desquamation, pain/burning, oozing. A participant was included in the hand eczema-associated symptoms group if he/she reported one or more these symptoms. Results: One hundred thirty-three mothers answered the survey. The median age of the children was 12 (interquartile range=5-14.5) years, and 50.4% of the children were girls and 49.6% were boys. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of hand eczema-associated symptoms increased from 14.4% to 29.7% in children and from 32.3% to 46.6% in mothers (p<0.001 and p=0.007, respectively). Children with and without hand eczema-associated symptoms were compared to determine risk factors for occurrence of hand eczema-associated symptoms in children. The hand eczema-associated symptoms in the mothers, employed mothers and use of hand disinfectant were higher in the children with hand eczema-associated symptoms group (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.013, respectively). Then these three factors, which were statistically significant in univariate analyzes, were compared with the multivariate logistic regression test. The presence of hand eczema-associated symptoms in the mother was found to be only independent risk factor for the presence of hand eczema-associated symptoms in her children (p<0.001; odds ratio=30.42; confidence interval=5.41-170.99). Conclusions: In our study, we found that the incidence of hand eczema-associated symptoms in children and their mothers increased during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic. Maternal hand eczema-associated symptoms were found to be only independent risk factor for increased incidence of hand eczema-associated symptoms in children. Proper education and preventive strategies for hand eczema are needed for both parents and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, candida species isolated from clinical samples of patients treated in intensive care units and other inpatient clinics pre-pandemic period (PPP) (April 1, 2018-March 31, 2020) and patients treated in COVID-19 intensive care units and other inpatient clinics during the pandemic period (PP) (1 April 2020-31 March 2022) were retrospectively examined. It was aimed to describe the variation of candida species and their antifungal susceptibility in PP according to PPP and contribute to our country's epidemiological data. Materials and Methods: Conventional methods and VITEK 2 (Biomerieux, France) automated system were used to identify candida species and determine their antifungal susceptibility. Species identifications of non-Candida albicans isolates were confirmed by the MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany) automated system. Antifungal susceptibilities were evaluated using the VITEK 2 automated system and gradient test strips (BioMerieux E test, France). Results: Fungal strains were detected in 125 (2%) of the clinical samples that came to our laboratory in the pre-pandemic period, and in 157(2.9%) during the PP. The increase in Candida isolates was statistically significant (p=0.007). It was observed that the growth rates in urine culture, blood culture and aspirate cultures increased in PP compared to PPP. The mean age of patients with candida isolated in PP is 70.86±14.53. An increase in the rates of male patients was observed in PP compared to PPP. Compared to PPP, an increase was observed in C.parapsilosis, C.glabrata and C.tropicalis species, and a decrease in C.kefyr species in PP. C.ciferrii, C.dubliniensis, C.sphaerica and C.zeylanoides have been isolated only in PP. It was observed that the susceptibility of C. albicans to amphotericin B, anidulafungin and voriconazole decreased in PP, and the susceptibilities of fluconazole, flucytosine and micafungin were increased. C.albicans, C.glabrata, C.parapsilosis, C.tropicalis isolates were observed to have decreased sensitivity to amphotericin B, anidulafungin and caspofungin in PP compared to PPP. Conclusions: It has been observed that there is an increase in secondary candida infections due to the prolonged hospitalization period and high-level steroid use in COVID-19 patients compared to the PPP. Our data revealed an increase in non-C.albicans species, particularly in C.parapsilosis, C.glabrata and C.tropicalis species, in agreement with other similar studies reported. The decrease in echinocandin and amphotericin B susceptibility in candida species suggests the necessity of rational antifungal use. Updating and presenting the changes in Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility at regular intervals is important for clinicians' empirical antifungal treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since poisoning cases cause serious mortality in childhood, the management of the sick child has a priority and special place in all countries. The age distribution of poisoning cases, the diversity of factors, as well as the type of poisoning predominant in which age groups, and accordingly, the frequency of suicide in poisoning cases in adolescence were investigated. Materials and Methods: In our study, patients who were followed up in the pediatric intensive care unit of our hospital for acute poisoning within three years between 2016-2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of 468 poisoning cases hospitalized in the intensive care unit, 259 (55.3%) were female and 209 (44.7%) were male. There were 183 (39.1%) cases aged 1-3 years, and 14 (3.0%) cases at least 9-12 years old, all of which were accidental. In suicidal poisonings, 109 (96.4%) patients were >13 years old, 4 (3.5%) patients were 12 years old, and 83 (73.4%) of these 113 patients were girls and 30 (26.6%) ) were followed as male. It was observed that cases of suicidal poisoning were more common in female patients. When the drugs taken were classified into groups, it was observed that paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other antipyretics 115 (20.6%) were taken the most. No mortality was observed in the intensive care follow-ups. Conclusions: When the ages of the poisoning cases were examined, it was observed that the drugs and chemical substances that could cause poisoning were not stored in sufficiently safe environments, since the group under the age of 3 was the most common. The fact that poisonings due to suicide are more common in girls shows that girls are more affected by factors such as family, school and social events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Civil war in Syria that started in 2011 has caused death and injuries of thousands of people. Head trauma is one of the most important surgical emergencies both in wartimes and out of wartimes. Materials and methods: A total of 75 patients (58 males and 17 females) who presented with head trauma due to gunshot injuries such as bullet and shrapnel during the Syrian war between 2014 and 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients who had neurological and radiological examinations were included in the study. Results: Twenty (26.67%) of 75 patients admitted to our hospital due to head trauma with penetrating gunshot died. The mortality rate of patients with brain parenchymal hemorrhage was found to be significantly higher than those without (p<0.001). The mortality rate of patients with brain edema was found to be significantly higher than those without (p=0.003). In addition, the mortality rate in patients with ventricular hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage were found to be significantly higher than those without (p=0.081 for ventricular hemorrhage, p=0.056 for subarachnoid hemorrhage). Conclusion: Radiological imaging makes an important contribution to creating the necessary data in the first intervention in patients with head trauma injured by gunshot, in the decision of surgical emergency intervention if necessary, and in the management of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has an incidence of 0,1% to 0,3% in life all over the world. Those who can help in this regard are due to the reference source. In our family, it was ensured that the completion tests of the babies whose family had a disability were carried out, and that those who could not pass the test performed the tests that could be performed in the early period for referral. 384 babies in hearing engineering at Midyat State Hospital, Neonatal Hearing Screening Unit were included in the study. SPSS v23.0, one of the programs used in the study. It includes Descriptive statistics, Relationship tests, Independent group comparison in research. All test results were rated at 0.05 significance. Evaluation of screening methods of schools in education 1. Test passed 1. Test passed, 28.7% of them are followed; It is seen that 9.1% of the babies who were followed up were followed/referred to the 2nd test. We achieved a success rate of 475/498= 0.95, ie 95%, in the interview screening test. Test results of babies in our study; Identifying problems with test development in the early period and completing referrals where further testing is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Vaccination is the most effective way to control the COVID-19 pandemic all over the world. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between antibody titers and vaccine side effects after the BNT162b2 vaccine was administered as a reminder dose in healthcare workers (HCW) who received two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine name CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China). Methods: A total of428 HCWs participated in the study. Participants who received the mRNA vaccine as a reminder dose were evaluated with a questionnaire regarding antibody values and vaccine side effects. Three weeks after the first BNT162b2 vaccine, the same questionnaire was applied face-to-face to HCW, and the same questionnaire was applied to those who received a second reminder dose via telephone. Results: Out of428, 373 (87.1%) HCWs preferred one and 55 (12.9%) two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine as reminder doses after being vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine. It was observed that side effects were more frequent in women aged 18-40 after a single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine (p<0.001). The most common side effects are redness, swelling, and pain at the injection site, with a rate of 59.6%. Fatigue-weakness was the most common systemic reaction, with a rate of 58.6%. Axillary lymphadenopathy was observed seen in 3 (1.1%) HCWs. The median value of IgG titers in the third week after the reminder dose was found to be higher in HCW with side effects than those without side effects (p<0.001). When the cumulative incidence rate of vaccinated people was evaluated over 389 people, no cases were observed on the 14th and 30th days after the first reminder dose of BNT162b2. However, the first case was observed on the 60th day, and after the second reminder dose, cases were seen on the 14th, 30th, and 60th days. Conclusion: Since the side effects detected after the BNT162b2 reminder dose were mild to moderate and progressed with local symptoms, it was concluded that highly protective mRNA vaccines could be safely preferred for protection from COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]