Search

Despite numerous studies examining the validity of Florida's creative class approach in the field of urban and regional development, no research on the entrepreneurial part of this theory has been conducted in Turkey. In this context, this study analyzes the entrepreneurial potential of the creative class working as R&D employees in technoparks and industrial park in Turkey. The study focuses on the creative class's demographic characteristics, human capital capabilities, and spatial featues as entrepreneurial tendencies. Using a mixed research method, a survey was conducted with 1352 R&D employees operating in 14 major provinces of Turkey and 255 R&D employees were interviewed simultaneously. The data obtained were analyzed using MAXQDA and SPSS software. The findings show that R&D employees define entrepreneurship primarily in terms of personal traits and effort; their perception of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial experience influence whether they regard themselves as capable of becoming entrepreneurs in the future. Participants who have prior entrepreneurial experience and receive government support have a more optimistic attitude toward becoming an entrepreneur in the future. Additionally, it is evident that the characteristics of the cities and business regions where the creative class lives and works have an impact on entrepreneurship and that these locations enhance the entrepreneurial potential of R&D professionals. Based on R&D employees' experience, opportunity, human capital, and personality traits, the final results reveal that there is a creative class with a very high potential to be entrepreneurs in the future. This conclusion indicates that R&D employee entrepreneurship, which has a high potential for the Turkish entrepreneurship ecosystem, should be promoted primarily through public policies and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transportation sector is directly related to socio-economic developments. Mobility of goods and passengers are ensured by the transportation sector. The development of transportation systems is the basis of both social and economic development. In the past, development policies and strategies have tended to focus on physical capital, while in recent years it has become more complex, including human capital issues. Regardless of the relative importance of physical and human capital, infrastructure cannot remain effective without proper activities and maintenance. While economic activities cannot take place without an infrastructure foundation, infrastructure cannot develop without interacting with other production systems. Many transportain activities have a complex relationship between their high transaction and serviceoriented functions and their physical and human capital needs. Therefore, states transfer resources to both investment and maintenance services in the transportation sector for the development of economies. In this study, Turkey's economic growth, gross domestic product (GDP) are examined the relationship between the resources allocated to investment and maintenance services in the transport sector are compared with selected countries. While maintenance expenses were 874 million USD in 2012, they decreased to 230 million USD in 2016. The share of maintenance expenses in the transportation sector in GDP increased from 0.01% in 1995, 0.05% in 2001, 0.04% in 2008, to 0.08% in 2011, and declined to 0.02% in 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of human capital, which means developable human power, has started to gain importance especially after 1960s. Human capital has a positive impact on the quality of life of countries when the required importance is given, thus allowing the increase in national income. This study is primarily examined the theoretical framework of the relationship between human capital and economic growth, on the issue has been referred to the studies in the literature and post selected from 1980-2017 years in Turkey, education, health and physical capital indicators and the human impact on the capital's economic growth econometrically tested. Johansen cointegration test, granger causality test and VEC methods were used as econometric analysis method. According to the short and long term results, per capita education expenditures and fixed capital investments have enhancing effect on economic growth. According to the Granger causality analysis, there was a positive and significant relationship from economic growth to per capita education expenditures, from per capita fixed capital investments to per capita education expenditures and from per capita health expenditures to per capita education expenditures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of health expenditure and population over 65 years on economic growth in Turkey by using ARDL approach and estimation methods of FMOLS, DOLS and CCR over the periods of 1979-2015. In the study, endogenous growth model is used in order to relate human capital accumulation and health expenditure. Empirical results show that there are positive and statistically significant relations between per capita health expenditure and economic growth. However, emprical findings related to the effect of population over 65 years on per capita income do not seem to support similar results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of health expenditure and population over 65 years on economic growth in Turkey by using ARDL approach and estimation methods of FMOLS, DOLS and CCR over the periods of 1979-2015. In the study, endogenous growth model is used in order to relate human capital accumulation and health expenditure. Empirical results show that there are positive and statistically significant relations between per capita health expenditure and economic growth. However, emprical findings related to the effect of population over 65 years on per capita income do not seem to support similar results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the developments in the theory of human capital, the studies investigating the effects of health on economic growth by adopting the human capital components has come in to prominence. In economics literature, a large number of applied studies have been conducted that demonstrates the positive effects of health on economic growth and the findings of these studies has encouraged countries to devote more resources to the field of health. In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of health on economic growth between the years of 1967-2010. According the findings of the study; there is a one way causal relationship from the number of patients per health care providers, number of beds of health care institutions to real GDP. Similarly, there is a one way relationship from number of hospitals to real GDP in %10 significance level. A causal relationship between life expectancy and the real GDP couldn't be found. In econometric analysis, it has been found that overall proxy health variables Granger cause economic growth. However, this causality is one way causality from proxy variables to real GDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the present time which economic, social and cultural changes have existed, education not only develops essence of person but also provides development of country of the so-called person as human capital. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the positions of Turkey according to European member countries in terms of education and labor indicators and to determine the similarities and / or the differences. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) had been applied to data obtained from Eurostat for 27 European member countries and Turkey in terms of seven education and labor variables. As a result, it was seen that, the countries formed three different groups in two-dimensional space according to the analyzed variables of this search. In terms of education and labor indicators, Turkey had taken place in the same group with Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece. Turkey was in contrast of Luxembourg, Slovakia and Cyprus while the most similar countries were Malta, Romania, Portugal and Italy in means of analyzed education and labor parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the existence of nonlinear relationship between tertiary education and economic growth in the period of the Republic of Turkey, using annual time series data from 1924 to 2009. The econometric approach of this paper is based on the threshold autoregressive (TAR) model. The empirical results show evidence of one threshold value and the graduates of tertiary education have a positive contribution to economic growth above this value. The findings of this study exhibit that the government must be invest much more for the higher education to promote the development of the Turkish economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual freedoms and democracy spread across all countries very fast. As a result of these developments, governments have to pay more attention to the policies that increase the welfare of their citizens. The increase in the welfare of the society requires economic development. But, the economic development is only possible with the activation of fundamental dynamics of economic development, not with the temporary populist policies. One of these fundamental dynamics is technological progress. The use of technology in the process of production has increased the factor productivity in the economic development. On the other hand, the development of technology and the use of it in the process of production are closely related with the quality of human capital. For the developing countries, like Turkey, the realization of economic development depends on improvement of the quality of human capital. Unless Turkey achieves this, it does not make sense to allocate resources on R&D. Therefore, education must be the primary area to allocate resources to increase the quality of human capital. This requires providing better education for more people. It must be aimed to make university education available for more people by increasing capacities and establishing new universities; to match the qualification needs of industries with the qualifications of unemployed; to improve skills of workers by providing continuous education and job training programs; to provide labor force participation of women through the use of vocational education. In short, Turkey must target by implementing the life-long learning culture in all areas, since human capital forms the foundation of endogenous growth theories. The aim of the study is to investigate the concept of human capital, the relationship between human capital and economic development, the development problem of Turkey and the position of human capital of Turkey comparing with other countries. In the study, first, related literature is reviewed and the results of the empirical studies are summarized, then the relationship between human capital and economic growth is tested using a multi-linear regression model on the data of 177 member countries of United Nations. The study reveals that human capital is very important for economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]